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Adepu S, Lord M, Hugoh Z, Nyström S, Mattsson-Hulten L, Abrahamsson-Aurell K, Lützelschwab C, Skiöldebrand E. Salivary Biglycan-neo-epitope-BGN262: a novel surrogate biomarker for equine osteoarthritic sub-chondral bone sclerosis and to monitor the effect of short-term training and surface arena. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2023; 5:100354. [PMID: 36968250 PMCID: PMC10033749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2023.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to delineate a novel soluble Biglycan Neo-epitope-BGN262 in saliva from young reference and osteoarthritic horses in conjunction with the influence of short-term training exercise, riding surface hardness, circadian rhythm, and feeding on its soluble levels. Design A custom-made inhibition ELISA was used for the quantification of BGN262 in saliva. Cohort 1: A cross-sectional study comprising reference (N = 19) and OA horses (N = 9) with radiographically classified subchondral bone sclerosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of BGN262. Cohorts 2 (N = 5) & 3 (N = 7): Longitudinal studies of sampling during a short-term training exercise (sand-fibre) and a cross-over design of short-training exercise on 2 different riding arenas (sand and sand-fibre), respectively. Capillary western immunoassay was used to determine the BGN262 molecular size in a selection of saliva samples collected from cohort 1. Results Cohort 1: Salivary BGN262 levels were significantly higher in the OA group. The Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.8304 [0.6386 to 1.022], indicating a good separation from the reference group. Cohorts 2 & 3: Salivary BGN262 levels significantly changed during the exercise on sand and sand-fibre arena, with a trend towards higher levels for sand-fibre. The size of the BGN262 fragment determined by Capillary western assay was 18 kDa. Conclusions The data presented show saliva BGN262 levels as a novel biomarker in evaluating the influence of exercise, and interaction with riding arenas alongside assessing osteoarthritis severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Adepu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
| | - M. Lord
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Z. Hugoh
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S. Nyström
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L. Mattsson-Hulten
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K. Abrahamsson-Aurell
- Hallands Djursjukhus Kungsbacka Hästklinik, Älvsåkers Byväg 20, 434 95 Kungsbacka, Sweden
| | - C. Lützelschwab
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E. Skiöldebrand
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Jacobsen S. Use of serum amyloid A in equine medicine and surgery. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52 Suppl 1:8-18. [PMID: 36336845 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) has become an indispensable part of the management of equine patients in general practice and specialized hospital settings. Although several proteins possess acute phase properties in horses, the usefulness of SAA exceeds that of other acute phase proteins. This is due to the highly desirable kinetics of the equine SAA response. SAA concentrations exhibit a rapid and pronounced increase in response to inflammation and a rapid decline after the resolution of inflammation. This facilitates the detection of inflammatory disease and real-time monitoring of inflammatory activity. SAA may be used in all stages of patient management: (1) before diagnosis (to rule in/rule out inflammatory disease), (2) at the time of diagnosis (to assess the severity of inflammation and assist in prognostication), and (3) after diagnosis (to monitor changes in inflammatory activity in response to therapy, with relapse of disease, or with infectious/inflammatory complications). By assessing other acute phase reactants in addition to SAA, clinicians can succinctly stage inflammation. White blood cell counts and serum iron concentration change within hours of an inflammatory insult, SAA within a day, and fibrinogen within 2-3 days; the interrelationship of these markers thus indicates the duration and activity of the inflammatory condition. Much research on the equine SAA response and clinical use has been conducted in the last decade. This is the prerequisite for the evidence-based use of this analyte. However, still today, most published studies involve a fairly low number of horses. To obtain solid evidence for use of SAA, future studies should be designed with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Jacobsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Section Medicine & Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Changes in Oxidative Status Biomarkers in Saliva and Serum in the Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome and Colic of Intestinal Aetiology: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050667. [PMID: 35268236 PMCID: PMC8909870 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastric ulcers and colic of intestinal aetiology (CIE) are highly prevalent diseases in domestic horses, with a negative impact on equine sport and breeding life. Therefore, the studies investigating possible biomarkers for their diagnosis or clarifying their pathophysiology are of high interest. Oxidative status changes have been reported in both diseases, but only in the blood. However, saliva may be a relevant source of oxidative status biomarkers not yet assessed in horses with interesting advantages, owing to its non-invasive collection. Hence, this study aimed to validate in both saliva and serum automated assays for the measurement of oxidative status biomarkers and assess them in horses suffering gastric ulcer diseases (squamous and/or glandular) and CIE, studying their possible relationship with their inflammatory and immunity status. It was found that horses with glandular mucosa ulcers showed higher levels of some antioxidant and oxidative biomarkers in saliva correlating with a marker of the immune system such as salivary adenosine deaminase. Horses suffering from CIE had increases in serum uric acid associated with their systemic inflammatory response and outcome of the disease. In conclusion, some oxidative status analytes can be automatically measured in horses’ saliva and serum and may potentially be assessed as biomarkers of gastric ulcers and CIE. Abstract Changes in the oxidative status of the blood of horses suffering from gastric ulcers and colic of intestinal aetiology (CIE) have been reported. However, saliva can also be a source of biomarkers of oxidative status. Therefore, this study aims to validate automated assays for the measurement of oxidative status biomarkers (ferric reducing ability of saliva/serum—FRAS/FRAP, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity—CUPRAC, the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity—TEAC, uric acid, and advanced oxidation protein products—AOPP) in the saliva and serum of horses, to assess their changes in the different ulcer gastric diseases (squamous—ESGD and glandular—EGGD) and CIE, and to evaluate their relationship with serum amyloid A (SAA), adenosine deaminase (ADA), and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) status. The assays showed a low imprecision and good linearity with enough sensitivity in both fluids. In EGGD, higher levels of FRAS, uric acid, and AOPP in saliva were observed compared to the healthy group, correlating with the salivary ADA levels. Horses with CIE showed increases in uric acid concentrations in serum associated with their SIRS status and outcome of the disease. In conclusion, analytes related to the oxidative status can be measured in the saliva and serum from horses by automated assays, and some of them can potentially be assessed as biomarkers in horses with gastric ulcers and CIE.
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4
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Minamijima Y, Tozaki T, Kuroda T, Urayama S, Nomura M, Yamamoto K. A comprehensive and comparative proteomic analysis of horse serum proteins in colitis. Equine Vet J 2022; 54:1039-1046. [PMID: 35000251 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine colitis is a diarrhoeal disease caused by inflammation of the large bowel and can potentially be life-threatening due to its rapid progression. Pathogenesis is multifactorial and pathophysiology is highly complicated, therefore, reliable diagnostic biomarkers are needed in the veterinary field. OBJECTIVE Serum is one of the most commonly used diagnostic tools in equine clinical investigation. To discover diagnostic or prognostic protein markers for colitis in horse serum, comprehensive and comparative proteomic analysis was conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 36 healthy Thoroughbreds and 12 Thoroughbreds with colitis. Serum from each horse suffering from colitis was collected daily until death or recovery. Collected sera were digested with trypsin. Peptides obtained from serum proteins were measured by Q-Exactive HF Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The identification and quantification of peptides were performed using Proteome Discoverer version 2.2. RESULTS On day 1 of treatment, eight proteins in the colitis group were upregulated (P < .05, more than a twofold change) compared with the healthy group. Among the eight proteins, biliverdin reductase B was significantly upregulated (P < .05) in the non-survivor group (n = 5) compared with the survivor group (n = 7). On the last day of the treatment, haemoglobin subunit alpha, clusterin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, and biliverdin reductase B showed significant increases (P < .05) in the non-survivor group. MAIN LIMITATIONS The number of the identified proteins is limited due to the existence of abundant proteins. CONCLUSIONS Measuring the changes of these proteins together may enable a potential prognosis or early diagnosis of horses suffering from colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Minamijima
- Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Japan.,Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | - Taisuke Kuroda
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Urayama
- Racehorse Hospital, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Inashiki, Japan
| | - Motoi Nomura
- Equine Hospital, Horseracing School, Japan Racing Association, Shiroi, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
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Muñoz-Prieto A, Escribano D, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Horvatić A, Guillemin N, Jacobsen S, Cerón JJ, Mrljak V. Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) Proteomic Analysis of Saliva in Horses with Acute Abdominal Disease. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051304. [PMID: 33946607 PMCID: PMC8147179 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study shows for the first time the variation of the salivary proteome in horses with acute abdominal disease (AAD) compared with healthy horses through a high-throughput proteomic approach. A total of 118 proteins were identified, and 17 showed significant changes between the two groups. The changes observed in proteins were closely related to an impaired primary immune defense and antimicrobial capacity in the mucosa, and one salivary protein (lactoferrin) was successfully verified. These results may increase the background and knowledge of saliva composition in horses with AAD and further understanding of the physiopathological changes occurring in the organism in this disease. Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the salivary proteome in horses with acute abdominal disease (AAD) using a tandem mass tags (TMT)-based proteomic approach. The saliva samples from eight horses with AAD were compared with six healthy horses in the proteomic study. Additionally, saliva samples from eight horses with AAD and eight controls were used to validate lactoferrin (LF) in saliva. The TMT analysis quantified 118 proteins. Of these, 17 differed significantly between horses with AAD and the healthy controls, 11 being downregulated and 6 upregulated. Our results showed the downregulation of gamma-enteric smooth muscle actin (ACTA2), latherin isoform X1, and LF. These proteins could be closely related to an impaired primary immune defense and antimicrobial capacity in the mucosa. In addition, there was an upregulation of mucin 19 (MUC19) and the serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 (SPINK5) associated with a protective effect during inflammation. The proteins identified in our study could have the potential to be novel biomarkers for diagnosis or monitoring the physiopathology of the disease, especially LF, which decreased in the saliva of horses with AAD and was successfully measured using a commercially available immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.M.-P.); (N.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Damián Escribano
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.E.); (M.D.C.-A.)
| | - María Dolores Contreras-Aguilar
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.E.); (M.D.C.-A.)
| | - Anita Horvatić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Nicolas Guillemin
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.M.-P.); (N.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Stine Jacobsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary School of Medicine, Sektion Medicine and Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Allé 5, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark;
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.E.); (M.D.C.-A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.M.-P.); (N.G.); (V.M.)
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Minamijima Y, Niwa H, Uchida E, Yamamoto K. Comparison of the proteomes in sera between healthy Thoroughbreds and Thoroughbreds with respiratory disease associated with transport using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. J Equine Sci 2021; 32:11-15. [PMID: 33776535 PMCID: PMC7984915 DOI: 10.1294/jes.32.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, mass spectrometry has become an important technology for protein
identification. Recent developments in mass spectrometry allow a large number of
identifications in samples; therefore, mass-spectrometry-based techniques have been
applied to the discovery of biomarkers. Here, we conducted a proteomic study to compare
the proteomes in sera between healthy Thoroughbreds and Thoroughbreds with respiratory
disease associated with transport (RDT). We found that four proteins, apolipoprotein F,
lipopolysaccharide binding protein, lysozyme and protein S100-A8, were upregulated, while
keratin 1 was downregulated in the RDT group. It is assumed that inflammation and immune
response are involved in the changes of these proteins. The findings suggested that these
proteins are potentially useful for elucidating the mechanism of development of RDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Minamijima
- Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Tochigi 320-0851, Japan.,Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Niwa
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan
| | - Eri Uchida
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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The Serum and Saliva Proteome of Dogs with Diabetes Mellitus. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122261. [PMID: 33271797 PMCID: PMC7760505 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the changes in salivary and serum proteomes that occur in canine diabetes mellitus type-1 (DM) through a high-throughput quantitative proteomic analysis. The proteomes of 10 paired serum and saliva samples from healthy controls (HC group, n = 5) and dogs with untreated DM (DM group, n = 5) were analyzed using Tandem Mass Tags (TMT)-based proteomic approach. Additionally, 24 serum samples from healthy controls and untreated DM were used to validate haptoglobin in serum. The TMT analysis quantified 767 and 389 proteins in saliva and serum, respectively. Of those, 16 unique proteins in serum and 26 in saliva were differently represented between DM and HC groups. The verification of haptoglobin in serum was in concordance with the proteomic data. Our results pointed out changes in both saliva and serum proteomes that reflect different physiopathological changes in dogs with DM. Although some of the proteins identified here, such as malate dehydrogenase or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, were previously related with DM in dogs, most of the proteins modulated in serum and saliva are described in canine DM for the first time and could be a source of potential biomarkers of the disease. Additionally, the molecular function, biological process, pathways and protein class of the differential proteins were revealed, which could improve the understanding of the disease's pathological mechanisms.
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Bazzano M, Laghi L, Zhu C, Lotito E, Sgariglia S, Tesei B, Laus F. Exercise Induced Changes in Salivary and Serum Metabolome in Trained Standardbred, Assessed by 1H-NMR. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10070298. [PMID: 32708237 PMCID: PMC7407172 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10070298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, data related to the metabolomics of saliva and serum in trained standardbred horses are provided for the first time. Metabolomic analysis allows to analyze all the metabolites within selected biofluids, providing a better understanding of biochemistry modifications related to exercise. On the basis of the current advances observed in metabolomic research on human athletes, we aimed to investigate the metabolites’ profile of serum and saliva samples collected from healthy standardbred horses and the relationship with physical exercise. Twelve trained standardbred horses were sampled for blood and saliva before (T0) and immediately after (T1) standardized exercise. Metabolomic analysis of both samples was performed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Forty-six metabolites in serum and 62 metabolites in saliva were detected, including alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, carbohydrates and purine derivatives. Twenty-six and 14 metabolites resulted to be significantly changed between T0 and T1 in serum and saliva, respectively. The findings of 2-hydroxyisobutyrate and 3-hydroxybutyrate in serum and GABA in equine saliva, as well as their modifications following exercise, provide new insights about the physiology of exercise in athletic horses. Glycerol might represent a novel biomarker for fitness evaluation in sport horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Bazzano
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (M.B.); (E.L.); (B.T.); (F.L.)
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Chenglin Zhu
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
| | - Enrica Lotito
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (M.B.); (E.L.); (B.T.); (F.L.)
| | | | - Beniamino Tesei
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (M.B.); (E.L.); (B.T.); (F.L.)
| | - Fulvio Laus
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (M.B.); (E.L.); (B.T.); (F.L.)
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Chiaradia E, Miller I. In slow pace towards the proteome of equine body fluids. J Proteomics 2020; 225:103880. [PMID: 32569818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Equine medicine represents a relevant field of veterinary science and the horse industry generates a significant economic impact. Horses can be involved in different sport disciplines, meat production, work and recreational purposes. Horses are also important for human health as they can be used as animal models for studying human diseases and in equine-assisted therapy. This review summarizes the data related to body fluids such as plasma/serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, saliva, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peritoneal fluid obtained using proteomic analysis. Horse body fluid proteome analysis under various physiological and pathological conditions is a useful method for identifying new biomarkers for horse diseases which are still difficult to diagnose, but with serious consequences on equine health and welfare. The findings reported here reveal that further proteomic studies on equine body fluids collected from diseased animals are required. SIGNIFICANCE: Body fluids are sources of potential protein biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic target identification. Indeed, they contain proteins that play a crucial role in cell functions and whose presence or relative abundance are indicative of the health status of tissues/organs. The review reports the data on the equine body fluids obtained using proteomic analysis, including those which are commonly used to obtain a correct diagnosis and prognosis of horse diseases which still pose a significant challenge. For equine medicine, new biomarkers are needed to formulate early diagnosis and to distinguish among diseases with similar clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Chiaradia
- Laboratory of proteomics, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ingrid Miller
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Wien, Austria.
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Long A, Nolen-Walston R. Equine Inflammatory Markers in the Twenty-First Century: A Focus on Serum Amyloid A. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2020; 36:147-160. [PMID: 32007299 PMCID: PMC7135104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Long
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - Rose Nolen-Walston
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
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Contreras-Aguilar MD, Escribano D, Martínez-Subiela S, Martín-Cuervo M, Lamy E, Tecles F, Cerón JJ. Changes in saliva analytes in equine acute abdominal disease: a sialochemistry approach. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:187. [PMID: 31170977 PMCID: PMC6554884 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1933-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biochemical components of saliva can change in certain pathologies in horses, for example in acute abdominal disease. The aim of this study was (1) to evaluate if a panel of biochemical analytes usually used in serum can be measured in saliva of horses and (2) to study the possible changes of these biochemical analytes in saliva of horses affected by acute abdominal disease. A panel of 23 analytes was analytically validated in saliva of horses and possible changes in these analytes in a pilot study with six healthy horses and six horses with acute abdominal disease were evaluated. The analytes with significant changes were then evaluated in a larger population of 20 healthy and 37 diseased horses. RESULTS Seven analytes showed significant increases in the pilot study which were confirmed in the larger population. The analytes which showed significant changes, and their median fold increase and significance shown in the larger population were salivary γ-glutamyl transferase (gGT, 2.3 fold, P = 0.001), creatine kinase (CK, 6.2 fold, P < 0.001), urea (2.3 fold, P = 0.001), total bilirubin (2.6 fold, P < 0.001), total proteins (3.2 fold, P < 0.001), phosphorus (P, 4.5 fold, P < 0.001) and alpha-amylase (sAA, 8.5 fold, P < 0.001). Total proteins, P and sAA showed sensitivities higher than 70% at their optimal cut-off points and a specificity of 100% in differentiating between healthy horses and those with acute abdominal disease. CONCLUSIONS A panel of 23 biochemical analytes can be measured in saliva of horses, where gGT, CK, urea, total bilirubin, total protein, P and sAA levels are raised in horses with acute abdominal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Contreras-Aguilar
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Damián Escribano
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Food and Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Martín-Cuervo
- Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Cáceres, University of Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad S-N, 10005 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Elsa Lamy
- Institute of Mediterranean Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Boschetti E, Hernández-Castellano LE, Righetti PG. Progress in farm animal proteomics: The contribution of combinatorial peptide ligand libraries. J Proteomics 2019; 197:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Clinical veterinary proteomics: Techniques and approaches to decipher the animal plasma proteome. Vet J 2017; 230:6-12. [PMID: 29208216 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, technological advancements in the field of proteomics have advanced our understanding of the complex biological systems of living organisms. Techniques based on mass spectrometry (MS) have emerged as powerful tools to contextualise existing genomic information and to create quantitative protein profiles from plasma, tissues or cell lines of various species. Proteomic approaches have been used increasingly in veterinary science to investigate biological processes responsible for growth, reproduction and pathological events. However, the adoption of proteomic approaches by veterinary investigators lags behind that of researchers in the human medical field. Furthermore, in contrast to human proteomics studies, interpretation of veterinary proteomic data is difficult due to the limited protein databases available for many animal species. This review article examines the current use of advanced proteomics techniques for evaluation of animal health and welfare and covers the current status of clinical veterinary proteomics research, including successful protein identification and data interpretation studies. It includes a description of an emerging tool, sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectra (SWATH-MS), available on selected mass spectrometry instruments. This newly developed data acquisition technique combines advantages of discovery and targeted proteomics approaches, and thus has the potential to advance the veterinary proteomics field by enhancing identification and reproducibility of proteomics data.
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