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Rastegar G, Salman MM, Sirsi SR. Remote Loading: The Missing Piece for Achieving High Drug Payload and Rapid Release in Polymeric Microbubbles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2550. [PMID: 38004529 PMCID: PMC10675060 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of drug-loaded microbubbles for targeted drug delivery, particularly in cancer treatment, has been extensively studied in recent years. However, the loading capacity of microbubbles has been limited due to their surface area. Typically, drug molecules are loaded on or within the shell, or drug-loaded nanoparticles are coated on the surfaces of microbubbles. To address this significant limitation, we have introduced a novel approach. For the first time, we employed a transmembrane ammonium sulfate and pH gradient to load doxorubicin in a crystallized form in the core of polymeric microcapsules. Subsequently, we created remotely loaded microbubbles (RLMBs) through the sublimation of the liquid core of the microcapsules. Remotely loaded microcapsules exhibited an 18-fold increase in drug payload compared with physically loaded microcapsules. Furthermore, we investigated the drug release of RLMBs when exposed to an ultrasound field. After 120 s, an impressive 82.4 ± 5.5% of the loaded doxorubicin was released, demonstrating the remarkable capability of remotely loaded microbubbles for on-demand drug release. This study is the first to report such microbubbles that enable rapid drug release from the core. This innovative technique holds great promise in enhancing drug loading capacity and advancing targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shashank R. Sirsi
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Johnson School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; (G.R.); (M.M.S.)
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2
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Lee J, Um W, Moon H, Joo H, Song Y, Park M, Yoon B, Kim HR, Park JH. Evading Doxorubicin-Induced Systemic Immunosuppression Using Ultrasound-Responsive Liposomes Combined with Focused Ultrasound. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122603. [PMID: 36559097 PMCID: PMC9784431 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a representative anticancer drug with a unique ability to induce immunogenic cell death of cancer cells. However, undesired toxicity on immune cells has remained a significant challenge, hindering the usage of DOX in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we report a combined therapy to avoid the off-target toxicity of DOX by adapting ultrasound-responsive liposomal doxorubicin and focused ultrasound exposure. Histological analysis demonstrated that the combined therapy induced less hemosiderosis of splenocytes and improved tumor infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Additionally, in vivo therapeutic evaluation results indicate that the combined therapy achieved higher efficacy when combined with PD-1 immune-checkpoint blockade therapy by improving immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongjin Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Um
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungwon Moon
- R&D Center, IMGT Co., Ltd., 172 Dolma-ro, Seongnam 13605, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyeon Joo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeari Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Been Yoon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ryoung Kim
- R&D Center, IMGT Co., Ltd., 172 Dolma-ro, Seongnam 13605, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-R.K.); (J.H.P.)
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-R.K.); (J.H.P.)
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3
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Shinde A, Panchal K, Katke S, Paliwal R, Chaurasiya A. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors as next generation oncological therapeutics: Current strategies, limitations and future perspectives. Therapie 2021; 77:425-443. [PMID: 34823895 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases, a class of enzymes that govern various biological phenomena at a cellular level, are responsible for signal transduction in cells that regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and growth. Protein kinase enzyme mutation results in abnormal cell division leading to a pathological condition like cancer. Tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors, which helps as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of cancer, are continuously being developed. Majority of these drug candidates are being administered as conventional oral dosage form, which provides limited safety and efficacy due to non-specific delivery and uncontrolled biodistribution resulting into the adverse effects. A controlled drug delivery approach for the delivery of TK inhibitors may be a potential strategy with significant safety and efficacy profile. Novel drug delivery strategies provide target-specific drug delivery, improved pharmacokinetic behaviour, and sustained release leading to lower doses and dosing frequency with significantly reduced side effects. Along with basic aspects of tyrosine kinase, this review discusses various aspects related to the application of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in clinical oncological setting. Furthermore, the limitations/challenges and formulation advancements related to this class of candidates particularly for cancer management have been reviewed. It is expected that innovations in drug delivery approaches for TK inhibitors using novel techniques will surely provide a new insights for improved cancer treatment and patients' life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Shinde
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Kanan Panchal
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Sumeet Katke
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Rishi Paliwal
- Nanomedicine and Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak 484886, India
| | - Akash Chaurasiya
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Telangana 500078, India.
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Delaney LJ, Eisenbrey JR, Brown D, Brody JR, Jimbo M, Oeffinger BE, Stanczak M, Forsberg F, Liu JB, Wheatley MA. Gemcitabine-loaded microbubble system for ultrasound imaging and therapy. Acta Biomater 2021; 130:385-394. [PMID: 34082100 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging presents many positive attributes, including safety, real-time imaging, universal accessibility, and cost. However, inherent difficulties in discrimination between soft tissues and tumors prompted development of stabilized microbubble contrast agents. This presents the opportunity to develop agents in which drug is entrapped in the microbubble shell. We describe preparation and characterization of theranostic poly(lactide) (PLA) and pegylated PLA (PEG-PLA) shelled microbubbles that entrap gemcitabine, a commonly used drug for pancreatic cancer (PDAC). Entrapping 6 wt% gemcitabine did not significantly affect drug activity, microbubble morphology, or ultrasound contrast activity compared with unmodified microbubbles. In vitro microbubble concentrations yielding ≥ 500nM entrapped gemcitabine were needed for complete cell death in MIA PaCa-2 PDAC drug sensitivity assays, compared with 62.5 nM free gemcitabine. In vivo administration of gemcitabine-loaded microbubbles to xenograft MIA PaCa-2 PDAC tumors in athymic mice was well tolerated and provided substantial tumoral image enhancement before and after destructive ultrasound pulses. However, no significant differences in tumor growth were observed among treatment groups, in keeping with the in vitro observation that much higher doses of gemcitabine are required to mirror free gemcitabine activity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The preliminary results shown here are encouraging and support further investigation into increased gemcitabine loading. Encapsulation of gemcitabine within polylactic acid (PLA) microbubbles does not damage its activity towards pancreatic cancer (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, PDAC) cells. Excellent imaging and evidence of penetration into the highly desmoplastic PDAC tumors is demonstrated. Microbubble destruction was confirmed in vivo, showing that elevated mechanical index shatters the microbubbles for enhanced delivery. The potential to slow PDAC growth in vivo is shown, but higher gemcitabine concentrations are required. Current efforts are directed at increasing drug loading by inclusion of drug-carrying nanoparticles for effective in vivo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Delaney
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - John R Eisenbrey
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - David Brown
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Department of Surgery Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Masaya Jimbo
- Department of Surgery Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Brian E Oeffinger
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria Stanczak
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Flemming Forsberg
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Margaret A Wheatley
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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5
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Delaney LJ, Ciraku L, Oeffinger BE, Wessner CE, Liu JB, Li J, Nam K, Forsberg F, Leeper DB, O'Kane P, Wheatley MA, Reginato MJ, Eisenbrey JR. Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis Response to Radiation After Microbubble Oxygen Delivery in a Murine Model. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2019; 38:3221-3228. [PMID: 31124171 PMCID: PMC7064157 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypoxic cancer cells have been shown to be more resistant to radiation therapy than normoxic cells. Hence, this study investigated whether ultrasound (US)-induced rupture of oxygen-carrying microbubbles (MBs) would enhance the response of breast cancer metastases to radiation. METHODS Nude mice (n = 15) received stereotactic injections of brain-seeking MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells into the right hemisphere. Animals were randomly assigned into 1 of 5 treatment groups: no intervention, 10 Gy radiation using a small-animal radiation research platform, nitrogen-carrying MBs combined with US-mediated MB rupture immediately before 10 Gy radiation, oxygen-carrying MBs immediately before 10 Gy radiation, and oxygen-carrying MBs with US-mediated MB rupture immediately before 10 Gy radiation. Tumor progression was monitored with 3-dimensional US, and overall survival was noted. RESULTS All groups except those treated with oxygen-carrying MB rupture and radiation had continued rapid tumor growth after treatment. Tumors treated with radiation alone showed a mean increase in volume ± SD of 337% ± 214% during the week after treatment. Tumors treated with oxygen-carrying MBs and radiation without MB rupture showed an increase in volume of 383% ± 226%. Tumors treated with radiation immediately after rupture of oxygen-carrying MBs showed an increase in volume of only 41% ± 1% (P = 0.045), and this group also showed a 1 week increase in survival time. CONCLUSIONS Adding US-ruptured oxygen-carrying MBs to radiation therapy appears to delay tumor progression and improve survival in a murine model of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Delaney
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lorela Ciraku
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian E Oeffinger
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Corinne E Wessner
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jingzhi Li
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kibo Nam
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Flemming Forsberg
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dennis B Leeper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrick O'Kane
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Margaret A Wheatley
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John R Eisenbrey
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Sengupta S, Khatua C, Balla VK. In Vitro Carcinoma Treatment Using Magnetic Nanocarriers under Ultrasound and Magnetic Fields. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5459-5469. [PMID: 30023921 PMCID: PMC6044950 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, tumor hypoxia has become a more predominant problem for diagnosis as well as treatment of cancer due to difficulties in delivering chemotherapeutic drugs and their carriers to these regions with reduced vasculature and oxygen supply. In such cases, external physical stimulus-mediated drug delivery, such as ultrasound and magnetic fields, would be effective. In this work, the effect of simultaneous exposure of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and static magnetic field on colon (HCT116) and hepatocellular (HepG2) carcinoma cell inhibition was assessed in vitro. The treatment, in the presence of anticancer drug, with and without magnetic carrier, significantly increased the reactive oxygen species production and hyperpolarized the cancer cells. As a result, a significant increase in cell inhibition, up to 86%, was observed compared to 50% inhibition with bare anticancer drug. The treatment appears to have relatively more effect on HepG2 cells during the initial 24 h than on HCT116 cells. The proposed treatment was also found to reduce cancer cell necrosis and did not show any inhibitory effect on healthy cells (MC3T3). Our in vitro results suggest that this approach has strong application potential to treat cancer at lower drug dosage to achieve similar inhibition and can reduce health risks associated with drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somoshree Sengupta
- Bioceramics
& Coating Division, CSIR-Central
Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, 196 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central
Glass & Ceramic Research Institute Campus, 196 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Chandra Khatua
- Bioceramics
& Coating Division, CSIR-Central
Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, 196 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central
Glass & Ceramic Research Institute Campus, 196 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Vamsi K. Balla
- Bioceramics
& Coating Division, CSIR-Central
Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, 196 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central
Glass & Ceramic Research Institute Campus, 196 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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7
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Jablonowski LJ, Conover D, Teraphongphom NT, Wheatley MA. Manipulating multifaceted microbubble shell composition to target both TRAIL-sensitive and resistant cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018. [PMID: 29521001 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study represents the first attempt to combine surface TRAIL expression and doxorubicin co-encapsulation in a single drug delivery agent in the form of ultrasound-responsive microbubbles that shatter into fragments, or nanoshards, in an ultrasound beam. We compare customized microbubbles of different polymeric shell compositions, and investigate the effect of both shell composition and incorporation of doxorubicin on action against TRAIL-sensitive MDA-MB-231 and TRAIL-resistant MCF7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Ligation of TRAIL only significantly impacted MDA-MB-231 cells predominantly by apoptosis, and had minimal effect on MCF12A (normal control) cells. For all shell types, nanoshards had a greater effect (apoptotic death ranging from approximately 25% for 1 wt % LipidPEG to 50% for 100% PLA), reflecting the greater surface area and larger number of particles that ultrasound generates. Encapsulation of doxorubicin generated necrosis in all cell lines, but PEGylation produced less effective necrosis in all cell lines. Co-encapsulation of doxorubicin within the contrast agent shell increased MDA-MB-231 cell death to approximately 40-80%, representing a marked increase over TRAIL alone, reflecting the dramatic effect of shell composition. Additionally, shells that co-encapsulated TRAIL and doxorubicin resulted in approximately 30-60% death in TRAIL-resistant MCF7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells, compared with little apoptotic response in these cells from shells encapsulating TRAIL alone, demonstrating the sensitization effect of the drug. This work has resulted in production of a library of effective ultrasound-triggered, minimally immunogenic, targeted drug delivery agents for potential use in cancer therapy, and represents a promising multifaceted treatment to better serve the population with solid tumors. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1903-1915, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Jablonowski
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Dolores Conover
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Nutte T Teraphongphom
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Margaret A Wheatley
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
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8
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Jablonowski LJ, Cochran MC, Eisenbrey JR, Teraphongphom NT, Wheatley MA. Shell effects on acoustic performance of a drug-delivery system activated by ultrasound. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:3189-3196. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J. Jablonowski
- School of Biomedical Engineering; Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Michael C. Cochran
- School of Biomedical Engineering; Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104
| | - John R. Eisenbrey
- Department of Radiology; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Nutte T. Teraphongphom
- School of Biomedical Engineering; Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Margaret A. Wheatley
- School of Biomedical Engineering; Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104
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9
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Jablonowski LJ, Teraphongphom NT, Wheatley MA. Drug Delivery from a Multi-faceted Ultrasound Contrast Agent: Influence of Shell Composition. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3448-3456. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J. Jablonowski
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nutte T. Teraphongphom
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Margaret A. Wheatley
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Secomski W, Bilmin K, Kujawska T, Nowicki A, Grieb P, Lewin PA. In vitro ultrasound experiments: Standing wave and multiple reflections influence on the outcome. ULTRASONICS 2017; 77:203-213. [PMID: 28254565 PMCID: PMC5503701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to determine the influence of standing waves and possible multiple reflections under the conditions often encountered in examining the effects of ultrasound exposure on the cell cultures in vitro. More specifically, the goal was to quantitatively ascertain the influence of ultrasound exposure under free field (FF) and standing waves (SW) and multiple reflections (MR) conditions (SWMR) on the biological endpoint (50% cell necrosis). Such information would help in designing the experiments, in which the geometry of the container with biological tissue may prevent FF conditions to be established and in which the ultrasound generated temperature elevation is undesirable. This goal was accomplished by performing systematic, side-by-side experiments in vitro with C6 rat glioma cancer cells using 12 well and 96 well plates. It was determined that to obtain 50% of cell viability using the 12 well plates, the spatial average, temporal average (ISATA) intensities of 0.32W/cm2 and 5.89W/cm2 were needed under SWMR and FF conditions, respectively. For 96 well plates the results were 0.80W/cm2 and 2.86W/cm2 respectively. The corresponding, hydrophone measured pRMS maximum pressure amplitude values, were 0.71MPa, 0.75MPa, 0.75MPa and 0.73MPa, respectively. These results suggest that pRMS pressure amplitude was independent of the measurement set-up geometry and hence could be used to predict the cells' mortality threshold under any in vitro experimental conditions or even as a starting point for (pre-clinical) in vivo tests. The described procedure of the hydrophone measurements of the pRMS maximum pressure amplitude at the λ/2 distance (here 0.75mm) from the cell's level at the bottom of the dish or plate provides the guideline allowing the difference between the FF and SWMR conditions to be determined in any experimental setup. The outcome of the measurements also indicates that SWMR exposure might be useful at any ultrasound assisted therapy experiments as it permits to reduce thermal effects. Although the results presented are valid for the experimental conditions used in this study they can be generalized. The analysis developed provides methodology facilitating independent laboratories to determine their specific ultrasound exposure parameters for a given biological end-point under standing waves and multiple reflections conditions. The analysis also permits verification of the outcome of the experiments mimicking pre- and clinical environment between different, unaffiliated teams of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Secomski
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5b, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Bilmin
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Tamara Kujawska
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5b, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Andrzej Nowicki
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5b, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Paweł Grieb
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Peter A Lewin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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11
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Jablonowski LJ, Alfego D, Andorko JI, Eisenbrey JR, Teraphongphom N, Wheatley MA. Balancing stealth and echogenic properties in an ultrasound contrast agent with drug delivery potential. Biomaterials 2016; 103:197-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Hu J, Zong Y, Li J, Zhou X, Zhang J, Zhu T, Jiao M, Su H, Bo B. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Targeted Sunitinib-Loaded Polymer Microbubbles Against Proliferation of Renal Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2016; 35:589-597. [PMID: 26921089 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.14.10038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The poor safety profile of sunitinib capsules has encouraged the identification of targeted drug delivery systems against renal cell carcinoma. This study aimed to explore the effect of sunitinib-loaded microbubbles along with ultrasound (US) treatment on proliferation and apoptosis of human GRC-1 granulocyte renal carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo (xenograft tumor growth in nude mice). METHODS Liposomes containing sunitinib were prepared by using the transmembrane ammonium sulfate gradient method and then absorbed into polymer microbubbles to generate sunitinib-loaded microbubbles. Entrapment of sunitinib was verified by 25-25-[N-[(7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)methyl]amino]-27-norcholesterol staining. GRC-1 cells were treated with microbubbles alone, liposomes alone, sunitinib alone, sunitinib-loaded microbubbles without and with US, and no treatment (control). Cell survival and apoptosis were assessed at 12, 24, and 48 hours after treatment. Xenograft tumors were induced by implantation of GRC-1 cells in nude mice. The animals with tumors were then randomly assigned to sunitinib alone, sunitinib-loaded microbubbles - US, sunitinib-loaded microbubbles + US, and no treatment (control; n = 10 per group). The tumor volumes were analyzed on the 7th, 15th, and 21st days. RESULTS The sunitinib entrapment efficiency in the liposomes was approximately 78%. The effective sunitinib concentration in each group was 0.1 μg/mL. The sunitinib-loaded microbubble + US group showed a lower in vitro cell survival rate (P < .001) compared with the other groups. Greater in vivo inhibition of xenograft tumor growth was also observed in the sunitinib-loaded microbubble + US group compared with the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Combined sunitinib-loaded microbubbles and US treatment significantly inhibits growth of renal carcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- Departments of Ultrasound (J.H., J.L., X.Z., J.Z., T.Z., H.S.) and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology (B.B.), Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Echocardiography, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (J.H.); Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (Y.Z.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Urumqi, China (M.J.)
| | - Yujin Zong
- Departments of Ultrasound (J.H., J.L., X.Z., J.Z., T.Z., H.S.) and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology (B.B.), Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Echocardiography, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (J.H.); Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (Y.Z.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Urumqi, China (M.J.)
| | - Jun Li
- Departments of Ultrasound (J.H., J.L., X.Z., J.Z., T.Z., H.S.) and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology (B.B.), Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Echocardiography, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (J.H.); Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (Y.Z.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Urumqi, China (M.J.)
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Departments of Ultrasound (J.H., J.L., X.Z., J.Z., T.Z., H.S.) and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology (B.B.), Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Echocardiography, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (J.H.); Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (Y.Z.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Urumqi, China (M.J.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- Departments of Ultrasound (J.H., J.L., X.Z., J.Z., T.Z., H.S.) and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology (B.B.), Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Echocardiography, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (J.H.); Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (Y.Z.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Urumqi, China (M.J.)
| | - Ting Zhu
- Departments of Ultrasound (J.H., J.L., X.Z., J.Z., T.Z., H.S.) and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology (B.B.), Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Echocardiography, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (J.H.); Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (Y.Z.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Urumqi, China (M.J.)
| | - Mingke Jiao
- Departments of Ultrasound (J.H., J.L., X.Z., J.Z., T.Z., H.S.) and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology (B.B.), Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Echocardiography, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (J.H.); Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (Y.Z.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Urumqi, China (M.J.)
| | - Haili Su
- Departments of Ultrasound (J.H., J.L., X.Z., J.Z., T.Z., H.S.) and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology (B.B.), Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Echocardiography, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (J.H.); Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (Y.Z.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Urumqi, China (M.J.)
| | - Bin Bo
- Departments of Ultrasound (J.H., J.L., X.Z., J.Z., T.Z., H.S.) and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology (B.B.), Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Echocardiography, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China (J.H.); Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (Y.Z.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Urumqi, China (M.J.)
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Development of an ultrasound sensitive oxygen carrier for oxygen delivery to hypoxic tissue. Int J Pharm 2014; 478:361-367. [PMID: 25448552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is frequently used in the treatment of malignancies, but tumors are often more resistant than the surrounding normal tissue to radiation effects, because the tumor microenvironment is hypoxic. This manuscript details the fabrication and characterization of an ultrasound-sensitive, injectable oxygen microbubble platform (SE61O2) for overcoming tumor hypoxia. SE61O2 was fabricated by first sonicating a mixture of Span 60 and water-soluble vitamin E purged with perfluorocarbon gas. SE61O2 microbubbles were separated from the foam by flotation, then freeze dried under vacuum to remove all perfluorocarbon, and reconstituted with oxygen. Visually, SE61O2 microbubbles were smooth, spherical, with an average diameter of 3.1 μm and were reconstituted to a concentration of 6.5 E7 microbubbles/ml. Oxygen-filled SE61O2 provides 16.9 ± 1.0 dB of enhancement at a dose of 880 μl/l (5.7 E7 microbubbles/l) with a half-life under insonation of approximately 15 min. In in vitro release experiments, 2 ml of SE61O2 (1.3 E8 microbubbles) triggered with ultrasound was found to elevate oxygen partial pressures of 100ml of degassed saline 13.8 mmHg more than untriggered bubbles and 20.6 mmHg more than ultrasound triggered nitrogen-filled bubbles. In preliminary in vivo delivery experiments, triggered SE61O2 resulted in a 30.4 mmHg and 27.4 mmHg increase in oxygen partial pressures in two breast tumor mouse xenografts.
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Kooiman K, Vos HJ, Versluis M, de Jong N. Acoustic behavior of microbubbles and implications for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 72:28-48. [PMID: 24667643 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound contrast agents are valuable in diagnostic ultrasound imaging, and they increasingly show potential for drug delivery. This review focuses on the acoustic behavior of flexible-coated microbubbles and rigid-coated microcapsules and their contribution to enhanced drug delivery. Phenomena relevant to drug delivery, such as non-spherical oscillations, shear stress, microstreaming, and jetting will be reviewed from both a theoretical and experimental perspective. Further, the two systems for drug delivery, co-administration and the microbubble as drug carrier system, are reviewed in relation to the microbubble behavior. Finally, future prospects are discussed that need to be addressed for ultrasound contrast agents to move from a pre-clinical tool into a clinical setting.
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Paul S, Russakow D, Rodgers T, Sarkar K, Cochran M, Wheatley M. Determination of the interfacial rheological properties of a poly(DL-lactic acid)-encapsulated contrast agent using in vitro attenuation and scattering. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:1277-91. [PMID: 23643050 PMCID: PMC3674163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The stabilizing encapsulation of a microbubble-based ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) critically affects its acoustic properties. Polymers, which behave differently from materials commonly used (i.e., lipids or proteins) for monolayer encapsulation, have the potential for better stability and improved control of encapsulation properties. Air-filled microbubbles coated with poly(DL-lactic acid) (PLA) are characterized here using in vitro acoustic experiments and several models of encapsulation. The interfacial rheological properties of the encapsulation are determined according to each model using attenuation of ultrasound through a suspension of microbubbles. Then the model predictions are compared with scattered non-linear (sub- and second harmonic) responses. For this microbubble population (average diameter, 1.9 μm), the peak in attenuation measurement indicates a weighted-average resonance frequency of 2.5-3 MHz, which, in contrast to other encapsulated microbubbles, is lower than the resonance frequency of a free bubble of similar size (diameter, 1.9 μm). This apparently contradictory result stems from the extremely low surface dilational elasticity (around 0.01-0.07 N/m) and the reduced surface tension of the poly(DL-lactic acid) encapsulation, as well as the polydispersity of the bubble population. All models considered here are shown to behave similarly even in the non-linear regime because of the low surface dilational elasticity value. Pressure-dependent scattering measurements at two different excitation frequencies (2.25 and 3 MHz) revealed strongly non-linear behavior with 25-30 dB and 5-20 dB enhancements in fundamental and second-harmonic responses, respectively, for a contrast agent concentration of 1.33 μg/mL in the suspension. Sub-harmonic responses are registered above a relatively low generation threshold of 100-150 kPa, with up to 20 dB enhancement beyond that pressure. Numerical predictions from all models show good agreement with the experimentally measured fundamental response, but not with the experimental second-harmonic response. The characteristic features of sub-harmonic responses and the steady response beyond the threshold are matched well by model predictions. However, prediction of the threshold value depends on estimated properties and size distribution. The variation in size distribution from sample to sample leads to variation in estimates of encapsulation properties: the lowest estimated value for surface dilational viscosity better predicts the sub-harmonic threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirshendu Paul
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Daniel Russakow
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Tyler Rodgers
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Kausik Sarkar
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
| | - Michael Cochran
- Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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16
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Sirsi SR, Fung C, Garg S, Tianning MY, Mountford PA, Borden MA. Lung surfactant microbubbles increase lipophilic drug payload for ultrasound-targeted delivery. Theranostics 2013; 3:409-19. [PMID: 23781287 PMCID: PMC3677411 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cavitation response of circulating microbubbles to targeted ultrasound can be used for noninvasive, site-specific delivery of shell-loaded materials. One challenge for microbubble-mediated delivery of lipophilic compounds is the limitation of drug loading into the microbubble shell, which is commonly a single phospholipid monolayer. In this study, we investigated the use of natural lung surfactant extract (Survanta®, Abbott Nutrition) as a microbubble shell material in order to improve drug payload and delivery. Pulmonary surfactant extracts such as Survanta contain hydrophobic surfactant proteins (SP-B and SP-C) that facilitate lipid folding and retention on lipid monolayers. Here, we show that Survanta-based microbubbles exhibit wrinkles in bright-field microscopy and increased lipid retention on the microbubble surface in the form of surface-associated aggregates observed with fluorescence microscopy. The payload of a model lipophilic drug (DiO), measured by flow cytometry, increased by over 2-fold compared to lipid-coated microbubbles lacking SP-B and SP-C. Lung surfactant microbubbles were highly echogenic to contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging at low acoustic intensities. At higher ultrasound intensity, excess lipid was observed to be acoustically cleaved for localized release. To demonstrate targeting, a biotinylated lipopolymer was incorporated into the shell, and the microbubbles were subjected to a sequence of radiation force and fragmentation pulses as they passed through an avidinated hollow fiber. Lung surfactant microbubbles showed a 3-fold increase in targeted deposition of the model fluorescent drug compared to lipid-only microbubbles. Our results demonstrate that lung surfactant microbubbles maintain the acoustic responsiveness of lipid-coated microbubbles with the added benefit of increased lipophilic drug payload.
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Krasia-Christoforou T, Georgiou TK. Polymeric theranostics: using polymer-based systems for simultaneous imaging and therapy. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:3002-3025. [PMID: 32261003 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20191k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-based nanomedicine is a large and fast growing field. Polymer-based systems have been extensively used as therapeutic carriers as well as bioimaging agents for example in tumour diagnosis. However, fewer polymeric systems have been able to combine both therapy and imaging in a new field that is called theranostics (theragnostics). This review aims to summarise the recent developments and trends on polymeric theranostics. Four different types of therapies/treatments are examined namely drug delivery, gene delivery, photodynamic therapy and hyperthermia treatment combined with different imaging moieties like magnetic resonance imaging agents, fluorescent agents and microbubbles for ultrasound imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Krasia-Christoforou
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Diou O, Tsapis N, Fattal E. Targeted nanotheranostics for personalized cancer therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:1475-87. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.736486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Zhao YZ, Dai DD, Lu CT, Lv HF, Zhang Y, Li X, Li WF, Wu Y, Jiang L, Li XK, Huang PT, Chen LJ, Lin M. Using acoustic cavitation to enhance chemotherapy of DOX liposomes: experiment in vitro and in vivo. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:1090-8. [PMID: 22188116 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.640332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Experiments in vitro and in vivo were designed to investigate tumor growth inhibition of chemotherapeutics-loaded liposomes enhanced by acoustic cavitation. Doxorubicin-loaded liposomes (DOX liposomes) were used in experiments to investigate acoustic cavitation mediated effects on cell viability and chemotherapeutic function. The influence of lingering sensitive period after acoustic cavitation on tumor inhibition was also investigated. Animal experiment was carried out to verify the practicability of this technique in vivo. From experiment results, blank phospholipid-based microbubbles (PBM) combined with ultrasound (US) at intensity below 0.3 W/cm² could produce acoustic cavitation which maintained cell viability at high level. Compared with DOX solution, DOX liposomes combined with acoustic cavitation exerted effective tumor inhibition in vitro and in vivo. The lingering sensitive period after acoustic cavitation could also enhance the susceptibility of tumor to chemotherapeutic drugs. DOX liposomes could also exert certain tumor inhibition under preliminary acoustic cavitation. Acoustic cavitation could enhance the absorption efficiency of DOX liposomes, which could be used to reduce DOX adverse effect on normal organs in clinical chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zheng Zhao
- Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
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21
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Cochran MC, Eisenbrey JR, Soulen MC, Schultz SM, Ouma RO, White SB, Furth EE, Wheatley MA. Disposition of ultrasound sensitive polymeric drug carrier in a rat hepatocellular carcinoma model. Acad Radiol 2011; 18:1341-8. [PMID: 21971256 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES A doxorubicin-loaded microbubble has been developed that can be destroyed with focused ultrasound resulting in fragments, or "nanoshards" capable of escaping through the leaky tumor vasculature, promoting accumulation within the interstitium. This study uses a rat liver cancer model to examine the biodistribution and tumoral delivery of this microbubble platform compared with de novo drug-loaded polymer nanoparticles and free doxorubicin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microbubbles (1.8 μm) and 217-nm nanoparticles were prepared containing 14-C labeled doxorubicin. Microbubbles, nanoparticles, a combination of the two, or free doxorubicin were administered intravenously in rats bearing hepatomas, concomitant with tumor insonation. Doxorubicin levels in plasma, organs, and tumors were quantified after 4 hours and 7 and 14 days. Tumors were measured on sacrifice and evaluated with autoradiography and histology. RESULTS Animals treated with microbubbles had significantly lower plasma doxorubicin concentrations (0.466 ± 0.068%/mL) compared with free doxorubicin (3.033 ± 0.612%/mL, P = .0019). Drug levels in the myocardium were significantly lower in animals treated with microbubbles compared to free doxorubicin (0.168%/g tissue vs. 0.320%/g, P = .0088). Tumors treated with microbubbles showed significantly higher drug levels than tumors treated with free doxorubicin (2.491 ± 0.501 %/g vs. 0.373 ± 0.087 %/g, P = .0472). These tumors showed significantly less growth than tumors treated with free doxorubicin (P = .0390). CONCLUSIONS Doxorubicin loaded microbubbles triggered with ultrasound provided enhanced, sustained drug delivery to tumors, reduced plasma and myocardium doxorubicin levels, and arresting tumor growth. The results suggest that in situ generation of nano particles provides a superior treatment over injection of free drug and also de novo synthesized nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Cochran
- School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Cochran MC, Eisenbrey J, Ouma RO, Soulen M, Wheatley MA. Doxorubicin and paclitaxel loaded microbubbles for ultrasound triggered drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2011; 414:161-70. [PMID: 21609756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A polymer ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) developed in our lab has been shown to greatly reduce in size when exposed to ultrasound, resulting in nanoparticles less than 400 nm in diameter capable of escaping the leaky vasculature of a tumor to provide a sustained release of drug. Previous studies with the hydrophilic drug doxorubicin (DOX) demonstrated enhanced drug delivery to tumors when triggered with ultrasound. However the therapeutic potential has been limited due to the relatively low payload of DOX. This study compares the effects of loading the hydrophobic drug paclitaxel (PTX) on the agent's acoustic properties, drug payload, tumoricidal activity, and the ability to deliver drugs through 400 nm pores. A maximum payload of 129.46 ± 1.80 μg PTX/mg UCA (encapsulation efficiency 71.92 ± 0.99%) was achieved, 20 times greater than the maximum payload of DOX (6.2 μg/mg), while maintaining the acoustic properties. In vitro, the tumoricidal activity of paclitaxel loaded UCA exposed to ultrasound was significantly greater than controls not exposed to ultrasound (p<0.0016). This study has shown that PTX loaded UCA triggered with focused ultrasound have the potential to provide a targeted and sustained delivery of drug to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Cochran
- School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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Xiong X, Zhao F, Shi M, Yang H, Liu Y. Polymeric microbubbles for ultrasonic molecular imaging and targeted therapeutics. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2011; 22:417-28. [PMID: 21144258 DOI: 10.1163/092050610x540440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gas-filled microbubbles ultrasound agent have received wide attention, not only because they can improve ultrasound signals, but also they can be used as drug/gene carriers. Among all types of microbubbles fabricated by different membrane materials and core gases, polymer-shell microbubbles are highly promising. Polymeric microbubbles are more stable than other soft shell microbubbles in vivo. Under destructive ultrasound, polymer-stabilized microbubbles disintegrate and emit a strong non-linear signal, which enables ultrasound imaging with superior sensitivity. Except for ultrasound imaging, polymeric microbubbles could also be applied as drug/gene-delivery system. The thick polymeric shells allow loading a large amount of drugs. Meanwhile, site-specific targeting and controlled drug release in the area of interest can be realized through chemical and physical modification. In this review, we highlight some of the recent examples on polymeric microbubbles and their applications in ultrasound molecular imaging and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xiong
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, PR China
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Liu P, Wang X, Zhou S, Hua X, Liu Z, Gao Y. Effects of a novel ultrasound contrast agent with long persistence on right ventricular pressure: Comparison with SonoVue. ULTRASONICS 2011; 51:210-214. [PMID: 20825961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of infusion of a self-made ultrasound contrast agent with long persistence (named ZHIFUXIAN) on rat right ventricular pressure and made a preliminary evaluation on the relative safety of the novel microbubbles. Normal saline, SonoVue and ZHIFUXIAN were injected through caudal vein at the total volume of 0.5ml for each injection. The right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and end-diastolic pressure (RVEDP) were monitored and the changes of the pressure were compared with baseline readings. RVSP increased when saline, SonoVue or ZHIFUXIAN were injected, the greatest change being after SonoVue (about 2mmHg), but there was no statistical significance compared with baseline (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in RVSP between saline, SonoVue and ZHIFUXIAN at any time point. Also, there was no significant difference in RVEDP between groups at each time point and between different time points in each group. The results indicate that the self-made microbubbles effect on right ventricular hemodynamics is equivalent to that of normal saline at the same volume needed for effective enhanced imaging, demonstrating that it does not produce changes in right ventricular blood pressure under the study conditions. Pathological examination also showed it had no obvious influence on lung, liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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25
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Fabiilli ML, Haworth KJ, Sebastian IE, Kripfgans OD, Carson PL, Fowlkes JB. Delivery of chlorambucil using an acoustically-triggered perfluoropentane emulsion. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2010; 36:1364-75. [PMID: 20691925 PMCID: PMC2933659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-mediated delivery systems have mainly focused on microbubble contrast agents as carriers of drugs or genetic material. This study uses micron-sized, perfluoropentane (PFP) emulsions as carriers of chlorambucil (CHL), a lipophilic chemotherapeutic. The release of CHL is achieved via acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV), whereby the superheated emulsion is converted into gas bubbles using ultrasound. Emulsions were made using an albumin shell and soybean oil as the CHL carrier. The ratio of the PFP to soybean oil phases in the droplets and the fraction of droplets that vaporize per ultrasound exposure were shown to correlate with droplet diameter. A 60-min incubation with the CHL-loaded emulsion caused a 46.7% cellular growth inhibition, whereas incubation with the CHL-loaded emulsion that was exposed to ultrasound at 6.3 MHz caused an 84.3% growth inhibition. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01), signifying that ADV can be used as a method to substantially enhance drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario L Fabiilli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Eisenbrey JR, Burstein OM, Kambhampati R, Forsberg F, Liu JB, Wheatley MA. Development and optimization of a doxorubicin loaded poly(lactic acid) contrast agent for ultrasound directed drug delivery. J Control Release 2010; 143:38-44. [PMID: 20060024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An echogenic, intravenous drug delivery platform is proposed in which an encapsulated chemotherapeutic can travel to a desired location and drug delivery can be triggered using external, focused ultrasound at the area of interest. Three methods of loading poly(lactic acid) (PLA) shelled ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) with doxorubicin are presented. Effects on encapsulation efficiency, in vitro enhancement, stability, particle size, morphology and release during UCA rupture are compared by loading method and drug concentration. An agent containing doxorubicin within the shell was selected as an ideal candidate for future hepatocellular carcinoma studies. The agent achieved a maximal drug load of 6.2 mg Dox/g PLA with an encapsulation efficiency of 20.5%, showed a smooth surface morphology and tight size distribution (poly dispersity index=0.309) with a peak size of 1865 nm. Acoustically, the agent provided 19 dB of enhancement in vitro at a dosage of 10 microg/ml, with a half life of over 15 min. In vivo, the agent provided ultrasound enhancement of 13.4+/-1.6 dB within the ascending aorta of New Zealand rabbits at a dose of 0.15 ml/kg. While the drug-incorporated agent is thought to be well suited for future drug delivery experiments, this study has shown that agent properties can be tailored for specific applications based on choice of drug loading method.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Eisenbrey
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Zhao YZ, Gao HS, Zhou ZC, Tang QQ, Lu CT, Jin Z, Tian JL, Xu YY, Tian XQ, Wang L, Kong FL, Li XK, Huang PT, He HL, Wu Y. Experiment on the factors for enhancing the susceptibility of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drug by ultrasound microbubbles. J Drug Target 2009; 18:430-7. [DOI: 10.3109/10611860903434043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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