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Synoradzki KJ, Paduszyńska N, Solnik M, Toro MD, Bilmin K, Bylina E, Rutkowski P, Yousef YA, Bucolo C, Zweifel SA, Reibaldi M, Fiedorowicz M, Czarnecka AM. From Molecular Biology to Novel Immunotherapies and Nanomedicine in Uveal Melanoma. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:778-800. [PMID: 38392052 PMCID: PMC10887618 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular biology studies of uveal melanoma have resulted in the development of novel immunotherapy approaches including tebentafusp-a T cell-redirecting bispecific fusion protein. More biomarkers are currently being studied. As a result, combined immunotherapy is being developed as well as immunotherapy with bifunctional checkpoint inhibitory T cell engagers and natural killer cells. Current trials cover tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), vaccination with IKKb-matured dendritic cells, or autologous dendritic cells loaded with autologous tumor RNA. Another potential approach to treat UM could be based on T cell receptor engineering rather than antibody modification. Immune-mobilizing monoclonal T cell receptors (TCR) against cancer, called ImmTAC TM molecules, represent such an approach. Moreover, nanomedicine, especially miRNA approaches, are promising for future trials. Finally, theranostic radiopharmaceuticals enabling diagnosis and therapy with the same molecule bring hope to this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil J. Synoradzki
- Environmental Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Natalia Paduszyńska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (N.P.); (M.S.)
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 5 Roentgen Str., 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (E.B.); (P.R.)
| | - Malgorzata Solnik
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (N.P.); (M.S.)
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 5 Roentgen Str., 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (E.B.); (P.R.)
| | - Mario Damiano Toro
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chmielna Str., 20-079 Lublin, Poland;
- Eye Clinic, Public Health Department, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Krzysztof Bilmin
- Research and Development Centre Novasome Sp. z o.o., 51-423 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Bylina
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 5 Roentgen Str., 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (E.B.); (P.R.)
- Department of Clinical Trials, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 5 Roentgen Str., 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (E.B.); (P.R.)
| | - Yacoub A. Yousef
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Centre, Amman 11941, Jordan;
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Sandrine Anne Zweifel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Human Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michele Reibaldi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic Section, Citta della Salute e della Scienza, Turin University, 10122 Turin, Italy;
| | - Michal Fiedorowicz
- Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 5 Roentgen Str., 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (E.B.); (P.R.)
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Merks P, Cameron J, Bilmin K, Świeczkowski D, Chmielewska-Ignatowicz T, Harężlak T, Białoszewska K, Sola KF, Jaguszewski MJ, Vaillancourt R. Medication Adherence and the Role of Pictograms in Medication Counselling of Chronic Patients: a Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:582200. [PMID: 34489688 PMCID: PMC8417421 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.582200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical care requires a patient-centered approach, focusing on the ability of patients to understand drug-related information and follow the instructions delivered by pharmacists as well as other health-care providers included in the circle of care. With the goal of ensuring the prescribed use of medications, called medication adherence, health-care providers have to consider many risk factors such as geography (culture), social economic status, age, and low literacy that may predispose patients to non-adherence, and considerations have to be made for chronic patients living with life-long disease states. The aim of this review is to provide a balanced and comprehensive review outlining a number of different medication counselling and education approaches that have been used to try to improve medication adherence and health outcomes with the use of clear and concise graphic illustrations—called pictograms. By highlighting the current landscape of the general use and efficacy of pharmaceutical pictograms to aid in the knowledge and recall of drug-related information, as well as outlining specific medication adherence outcomes with pharmaceutical pictograms in chronic patients, the current review describes the need for health-care providers to move beyond the traditional didactic methods of oral and verbal communication with patients regarding medication-taking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Merks
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jameason Cameron
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Centre Hospitalier pour Enfants de L'est de L'Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Krzysztof Bilmin
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Świeczkowski
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Harężlak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Regis Vaillancourt
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Centre Hospitalier pour Enfants de L'est de L'Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Kasprzyk A, Bilmin K, Chmielewska-Ignatowicz T, Pawlikowski J, Religioni U, Merks P. The Role of Nutritional Support in Malnourished Patients With Lung Cancer. In Vivo 2021; 35:53-60. [PMID: 33402449 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed to aggregate and describe the available data about clinical nutrition in lung cancer and the role of the dietitian in multidisciplinary patient care. Scientific literature was searched in order to summarize key aspects related to clinical nutrition in lung cancer. This information can be used to arrange a proper nutritional therapy that can enhance patient treatment responses, prevent side-effects, shorten recovery time, improve prognosis and increase quality of life. An anti-inflammatory diet rich in antioxidants, immunomodulatory compounds, dietary fibre and an appropriate intake of protein can reduce the risk of initiation and progression of lung cancer, support the regeneration of tissues (also after surgery) and improve the nutritional status during the disease and after remission. A correct intake of nutrients is significant prior to disease occurrence and at every stage of treatment and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kasprzyk
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bilmin
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Pawlikowski
- Chair and Department of Humanities and Medical Sociology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (BBMRI.pl), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Religioni
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Merks
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland; .,Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland
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Merks P, Religioni U, Bilmin K, Bogusz J, Juszczyk G, Barańska A, Kuthan R, Drelich E, Jakubowska M, Świeczkowski D, Białoszewski A, Jaguszewski M, Panford-Quainoo E, Vaillancourt R, Białoszewski D. Ozone disinfection of community pharmacies during the COVID-19 pandemic as a possible preventive measure for infection spread. Med Pr 2021; 72:529-534. [PMID: 34140707 DOI: 10.13075/mp.5893.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is currently one of the major global health and economic challenges. An efficient method for reducing the transmission of the virus is a still unmet medical need. Existing experimental data have shown that coronavirus survival is negatively impacted by ozone, high temperature, and low humidity. Therefore, it is feasible to use area ozonation in pharmacies - the front line of the healthcare system. Nevertheless, further work is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of ozone disinfection to reduce the transmission of this virus in pharmacies, hospitals, and other public environments. Med Pr. 2021;72.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Merks
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland (Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum)
| | - Urszula Religioni
- Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland (Collegium of Business Administration)
| | - Krzysztof Bilmin
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland (Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum)
| | - Joanna Bogusz
- National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Juszczyk
- Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (Department of Public Health)
| | - Agnieszka Barańska
- Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (Department of Computer Science and Medical Statistics with the Studio of Remote Learning)
| | - Robert Kuthan
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland (Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum)
| | - Ewelina Drelich
- Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland (Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy)
| | | | | | - Artur Białoszewski
- Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology)
| | | | | | | | - Dariusz Białoszewski
- Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences)
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Merks P, Świeczkowski D, Bilmin K, Jakubowska M, Drelich E, Lewicki J, Gołębiewska W, Bogusz J, Jaguszewski M. Community pharmacy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Przegl Epidemiol 2021; 74:620-633. [PMID: 33861029 DOI: 10.32394/pe.74.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has proved that community pharmacies play a pivotal role in providing medicines, information and safety measures to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. PURPOSE The study aimed to get to know opinions of pharmacy staff and owners on the functioning of the community pharmacy during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS To collect opinions about functioning of the community pharmacy during the pandemic, we conducted cross-sectional study among pharmacy staff and owners of pharmacies. RESULTS The study group included 456 respondents mostly associated with independent pharmacies (55.7%), from cities less than 100,000 inhabitants (38.8%). The number of patients as well as filled prescriptions increased during the pandemic. Respondents provided patients with advice on cold (81.6%), sore throat (77.0%) and acherelated complaints (68.6%). Most of participants (64.5%) declared that they informed patients about COVID-19. The safety measures in community pharmacies included: a safety regulations poster during the pandemic (97.1%), handwashing in accordance with recommended guidelines (96.3%) and using protective gloves by the pharmacy staff (89.9%). According to 60.7% of participants, the community pharmacy was properly prepared for the pandemic by the owner, however, respondents from independent pharmacies indicate this more frequently (p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Respondents are aware of the role of community pharmacies in the healthcare system during the pandemic, nevertheless, more attention needs to be paid by public authorities and governmental institutions to patient safety in the community pharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Merks
- Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, University Faculty of Medicine; Warsaw, Poland.,Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poland.,Polish Pharmaceutical Group, Łódź, Poland.,Trade Union of Pharmacy Workers, Warsaw, Poland.,Employed Pharmacist in Europe (EPhEU) c/o Verband Angestellter Apotheker Österreichs (VAAÖ) Berufliche Interessenvertretung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Damian Świeczkowski
- Medical University of Gdańsk, First Department of Cardiology, Gdańsk, Poland.,Polish Pharmaceutical Group, Łódź, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bilmin
- Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, University Faculty of Medicine; Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Joanna Bogusz
- National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Department of Epidemiolog of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miłosz Jaguszewski
- Medical University of Gdańsk, First Department of Cardiology, Gdańsk, Poland
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Merks P, Jakubowska M, Drelich E, Świeczkowski D, Bogusz J, Bilmin K, Sola KF, May A, Majchrowska A, Koziol M, Pawlikowski J, Jaguszewski M, Vaillancourt R. The legal extension of the role of pharmacists in light of the COVID-19 global pandemic. Res Social Adm Pharm 2021; 17:1807-1812. [PMID: 32546449 PMCID: PMC7289723 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 epidemic has affected every area of life. The greatest challenge has been to adapt the functioning of the health service to prevent the spread of the epidemic and to help infected patients. This has required the involvement of not only doctors and nurses, but also pharmacists. In the face of this pandemic, governments in many countries have granted pharmacists greater authority. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this paper is to review the legal extension of the role of pharmacists in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The review considers recent changes in European countries, Canada, and the United States. METHODS A literature review was performed to summarise knowledge about the extension of the role of pharmacists during the pandemic period. Key articles were retrieved mainly from PubMed and Google Scholar, using the terms "COVID-19", "2019-nCoV", "coronavirus", and "pandemic" in combination with "pharmacist" as keywords for our search. We included scientific publications from February 1, 2019 to May 15, 2020. RESULTS Pharmacists have been given numerous opportunities so that they can actively join in the fight against the virus. Some of the novel legal extensions aimed at aiding overloaded healthcare systems are as follows: authorisation to prepare hand and surface disinfectants, eligibility to renew chronic treatment prescriptions, as well as filling pro auctore and pro familia prescriptions by pharmacists, performing COVID-19, influenza, and Group A Streptococcus screening tests, and vaccine administration. Moreover, many countries have facilitated Internet services, such as virtual medical consultations, e-prescriptions, and home drug delivery - to promote social distancing among patients. To mitigate drug shortages, the following strategies have been implemented: alternative sourcing, strength, generic, or therapeutic substitution, and preparing compounded formulations at the pharmacy. CONCLUSIONS Novel legal extensions have allowed exploitation of the full potential ofpharmacists worldwide, aiding the limited resources of overloaded healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Merks
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland; Trade Union of Pharmacy Workers, Meriana C. Coopera 6B/10, 01-315, Warsaw, Poland; Polish Pharmaceutical Group, Zbąszyńska 3, 91-342, Łódź, Poland; Employed Pharmacist in Europe (EPhEU) C/o Verband Angestellter Apotheker Österreichs (VAAÖ) Berufliche Interessenvertretung, Spitalgasse 31/4, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, CollegiumMedicum in Bydgoszcz, A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Marta Jakubowska
- Trade Union of Pharmacy Workers, Meriana C. Coopera 6B/10, 01-315, Warsaw, Poland; Polish Pharmaceutical Group, Zbąszyńska 3, 91-342, Łódź, Poland
| | - Ewelina Drelich
- Trade Union of Pharmacy Workers, Meriana C. Coopera 6B/10, 01-315, Warsaw, Poland; Polish Pharmaceutical Group, Zbąszyńska 3, 91-342, Łódź, Poland
| | - Damian Świeczkowski
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-952, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Bogusz
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bilmin
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarina Fehir Sola
- Pharmacy of Bjelovar, Petra Preradovića 4, Bjelovar, Croatia; Employed Pharmacist in Europe (EPhEU) C/o Verband Angestellter Apotheker Österreichs (VAAÖ) Berufliche Interessenvertretung, Spitalgasse 31/4, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas May
- Employed Pharmacist in Europe (EPhEU) C/o Verband Angestellter Apotheker Österreichs (VAAÖ) Berufliche Interessenvertretung, Spitalgasse 31/4, 1090, Vienna, Austria; ADEXA Die Apothekengewerkschaft, ADEXA, Hudtwalckerstraße 10, 22299, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anita Majchrowska
- Department of Medical Sociology, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 1, 20-059, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mark Koziol
- Employed Pharmacist in Europe (EPhEU) C/o Verband Angestellter Apotheker Österreichs (VAAÖ) Berufliche Interessenvertretung, Spitalgasse 31/4, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Pharmacy Defence Association, 69 Albion St, B1 3EA, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jakub Pawlikowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Medical Sociology, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 1, 20-059, Lublin, Poland
| | - Miłosz Jaguszewski
- Polish Pharmaceutical Group, Zbąszyńska 3, 91-342, Łódź, Poland; First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-952, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Regis Vaillancourt
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Centre Hospitalier pour Enfants de L'est de L'Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
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Secomski W, Bilmin K, Kujawska T, Nowicki A, Grieb P, Lewin PA. In vitro ultrasound experiments: Standing wave and multiple reflections influence on the outcome. Ultrasonics 2017; 77:203-213. [PMID: 28254565 PMCID: PMC5503701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to determine the influence of standing waves and possible multiple reflections under the conditions often encountered in examining the effects of ultrasound exposure on the cell cultures in vitro. More specifically, the goal was to quantitatively ascertain the influence of ultrasound exposure under free field (FF) and standing waves (SW) and multiple reflections (MR) conditions (SWMR) on the biological endpoint (50% cell necrosis). Such information would help in designing the experiments, in which the geometry of the container with biological tissue may prevent FF conditions to be established and in which the ultrasound generated temperature elevation is undesirable. This goal was accomplished by performing systematic, side-by-side experiments in vitro with C6 rat glioma cancer cells using 12 well and 96 well plates. It was determined that to obtain 50% of cell viability using the 12 well plates, the spatial average, temporal average (ISATA) intensities of 0.32W/cm2 and 5.89W/cm2 were needed under SWMR and FF conditions, respectively. For 96 well plates the results were 0.80W/cm2 and 2.86W/cm2 respectively. The corresponding, hydrophone measured pRMS maximum pressure amplitude values, were 0.71MPa, 0.75MPa, 0.75MPa and 0.73MPa, respectively. These results suggest that pRMS pressure amplitude was independent of the measurement set-up geometry and hence could be used to predict the cells' mortality threshold under any in vitro experimental conditions or even as a starting point for (pre-clinical) in vivo tests. The described procedure of the hydrophone measurements of the pRMS maximum pressure amplitude at the λ/2 distance (here 0.75mm) from the cell's level at the bottom of the dish or plate provides the guideline allowing the difference between the FF and SWMR conditions to be determined in any experimental setup. The outcome of the measurements also indicates that SWMR exposure might be useful at any ultrasound assisted therapy experiments as it permits to reduce thermal effects. Although the results presented are valid for the experimental conditions used in this study they can be generalized. The analysis developed provides methodology facilitating independent laboratories to determine their specific ultrasound exposure parameters for a given biological end-point under standing waves and multiple reflections conditions. The analysis also permits verification of the outcome of the experiments mimicking pre- and clinical environment between different, unaffiliated teams of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Secomski
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5b, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Bilmin
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Tamara Kujawska
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5b, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Andrzej Nowicki
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5b, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Paweł Grieb
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Peter A Lewin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Kujawska T, Secomski W, Bilmin K, Nowicki A, Grieb P. Impact of thermal effects induced by ultrasound on viability of rat C6 glioma cells. Ultrasonics 2014; 54:1366-1372. [PMID: 24589258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to have consistent and repeatable effects of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) on various cancer cells or tissue lesions we should be able to control a delivered ultrasound energy and thermal effects induced. The objective of this study was to investigate viability of rat C6 glioma cells in vitro depending on the intensity of ultrasound in the region of cells and to determine the exposure time inducing temperature rise above 43 °C, which is known to be toxic for cells. For measurements a planar piezoelectric transducer with a diameter of 20 mm and a resonance frequency of 1.06 MHz was used. The transducer generated tone bursts with 94 μs duration, 0.4 duty-cycle and initial intensity ISATA (spatial averaged, temporal averaged) varied from 0.33 W/cm(2) to 8 W/cm(2) (average acoustic power varied from 1 W to 24 W). The rat C6 glioma cells were cultured on a bottom of wells in 12-well plates, incubated for 24h and then exposed to ultrasound with measured acoustic properties, inducing or causing no thermal effects leading to cell death. Cell viability rate was determined by MTT assay (a standard colorimetric assay for assessing cell viability) as the ratio of the optical densities of the group treated by ultrasound to the control group. Structural cellular changes and apoptosis estimation were observed under a microscope. Quantitative analysis of the obtained results allowed to determine the maximal exposure time that does not lead to the thermal effects above 43 °C in the region of cells for each initial intensity of the tone bursts used as well as the threshold intensity causing cell death after 3 min exposure to ultrasound due to thermal effects. The averaged threshold intensity was found to be about 5.7 W/cm(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kujawska
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5b, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - W Secomski
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5b, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Bilmin
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Nowicki
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5b, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Grieb
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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