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Fries RC. Current use of cardiac MRI in animals. J Vet Cardiol 2023; 51:13-23. [PMID: 38052149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has evolved to become an indispensable tool in human cardiology. It is a non-invasive technique that enables objective assessment of myocardial function, size, and tissue composition. Recent innovations in magnetic resonance imaging scanner technology and parallel imaging techniques have facilitated the generation of parametric mapping to explore tissue characteristics, and the emergence of strain imaging has enabled cardiologists to evaluate cardiac function beyond conventional metrics. As veterinary cardiology continues to utilize CMR beyond the reference standard, clinical application of CMR will further expand our capabilities. This article describes the current use of CMR and adoption of more recent advances such as T1/T2 mapping in veterinary cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Fries
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA.
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2
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Gać P, Waszczuk Ł, Kurcz J, Poręba R. Optimization of the method of measuring left ventricular end-diastolic diameter in cardiac magnetic resonance as a predictor of left ventricular enlargement. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8425. [PMID: 35589833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to optimize the method of measuring left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) in cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) as a predictor of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV). The study group consisted of 78 patients (age 55.28 ± 17.18) who underwent 1.5 T CMR examination. LVEDD measurements in the short axis, in the long axis in the 2-chamber, 3-chamber and 4-chamber views were made by 2 radiologists. The repeatability of LVEDD measurements was assessed. The sensitivity and specificity of various methods of measuring LVEDD as a predictor of left ventricular enlargement (diagnosed based on LVEDV) were assessed. The correlation coefficients between LVEDD measurements made by researcher A and B were 0.98 for the long axis measurements in the 2-chamber and 3-chamber view, and 0.99 for measurements made in the short axis and in the long axis in the 4-chamber view. The lowest LVEDD measurements variability was recorded for the short axis measurements (RD 0.02, CV 1.38%), and the highest for the long axis measurements in the 3-chamber view (RD 0.04, CV 2.53%). In the male subgroup, the highest accuracy in predicting left ventricular enlargement was characterized by the criterion “LVEDD measured in the long axis in the 2-chamber view > 68.0 mm” (accuracy 94.1%). In the female subgroup, the highest accuracy in predicting left ventricular enlargement was achieved by the criterion “LVEDD measured in the short axis > 63.5 mm” (96.3%). In summary, the measurement made in the short axis should be considered the optimal method to LVEDD measure in CMR, considering the repeatability of measurements and the accuracy of left ventricular enlargement prediction.
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Engvall JE, Aneq MÅ, Nylander E, Brudin L, Maret E. Moderately trained male football players, compared to sedentary male adults, exhibit anatomical but not functional cardiac remodelling, a cross-sectional study. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2021; 19:36. [PMID: 34758817 PMCID: PMC8582134 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-021-00263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elite athletes have been the subject of great interest, but athletes at an intermediate level of physical activity have received less attention in respect to the presence of cardiac enlargement and/or hypertrophy. We hypothesized that playing football, often defined as demanding less endurance components than running or cycling, would still induce remodelling similar to sports with a dominating endurance component. Methods 23 male football players, age 25+/− 3.9 yrs. underwent exercise testing, 2D- and 3D- echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). The results were compared with a control group of engineering students of similar age. The athletes exercised 12 h/week and the control subjects 1 h/week, p < 0.001. Results The football players achieved a significantly higher maximal load at the exercise test (380 W vs 300 W, p < 0.001) as well as higher calculated maximal oxygen consumption, (49.7 vs 37.4 mL x kg− 1 x min− 1, p < 0.001) compared to the sedentary group. All left ventricular (LV) volumes assessed by 3DEcho and CMR, as well as CMR left atrial (LA) volume were significantly higher in the athletes (3D-LVEDV 200 vs 154 mL, CMR-LVEDV 229 vs 185 mL, CMR-LA volume 100 vs 89 mL, p < 0.001, p = 0.002 and p = 0.009 respectively). LVEF and RVEF, LV strain by CMR or by echo did not differentiate athletes from sedentary participants. Right ventricular (RV) longitudinal strain, LA and right atrial (RA) strain by CMR all showed similar results in the two groups. Conclusion Moderately trained intermediate level football players showed anatomical but not functional cardiac remodelling compared to sedentary males. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12947-021-00263-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan E Engvall
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden.,CMIV - Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Meriam Åström Aneq
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Eva Nylander
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Lars Brudin
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Kalmar County Hospital and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Eva Maret
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Gao SA, Polte CL, Lagerstrand KM, Bech-Hanssen O. The usefulness of left ventricular volume and aortic diastolic flow reversal for grading chronic aortic regurgitation severity - Using cardiovascular magnetic resonance as reference. Int J Cardiol 2021; 340:59-65. [PMID: 34474096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Echocardiographic evaluation of chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) severity can lead to diagnostic ambiguity due to few feasible parameters or incongruent findings. The aim of the present study was to improve the diagnostic usefulness of left ventricular (LV) enlargement and aortic end-diastolic flow velocity (EDFV) using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) as reference. Patients (n = 120) were recruited either prospectively (n = 45) or retrospectively (n = 75). Severe AR (CMR regurgitant fraction > 33%) was present in 51% and 93% of the patients had LV ejection fraction ≥ 50%. EDFV and LV end-diastolic volume index (EDVI) were assessed by echocardiography using the traditional (excluding trabeculae) and recommended approach (including trabeculae). The patients were randomised to a derivation (n = 60) or a test group (n = 60). EDVI (traditional/recommended) to rule in (>99/118 ml/m2) and rule out severe AR (≤75/87 ml/m2) were identified using ROC analyses in the derivation group. The corresponding thresholds for EDFV were >17 cm/s and ≤10 cm/s. In the test group, the positive/negative likelihood ratios to rule in/rule out severe AR using EDVI were 10.0/0.14 (traditional), 6.2/0.11 (recommended), and using EDFV were 10.2/0.08. To rule in and rule out severe AR using derived cut-off values instead of >2 SD reduced the false positives by 92%, whereas using EDFV ≤10 cm/s instead of ≤20 cm/s reduced the false negatives by 94%. In conclusion, EDVI and EDFV as quantitative parameters are useful to rule in or rule out severe chronic AR. Importantly, other causes of LV enlargement have to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinsia A Gao
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Christian L Polte
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin M Lagerstrand
- Department of Diagnostic Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Odd Bech-Hanssen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Seraphim A, Knott KD, Augusto J, Bhuva AN, Manisty C, Moon JC. Quantitative cardiac MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:693-711. [PMID: 31111616 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac MRI has become an indispensable imaging modality in the investigation of patients with suspected heart disease. It has emerged as the gold standard test for cardiac function, volumes, and mass and allows noninvasive tissue characterization and the assessment of myocardial perfusion. Quantitative MRI already has a key role in the development and incorporation of machine learning in clinical imaging, potentially offering major improvements in both workflow efficiency and diagnostic accuracy. As the clinical applications of a wide range of quantitative cardiac MRI techniques are being explored and validated, we are expanding our capabilities for earlier detection, monitoring, and risk stratification of disease, potentially guiding personalized management decisions in various cardiac disease models. In this article we review established and emerging quantitative techniques, their clinical applications, highlight novel advances, and appraise their clinical diagnostic potential. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:693-711.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Seraphim
- University College London, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK
| | - Kristopher D Knott
- University College London, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK
| | - Joao Augusto
- University College London, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK
| | - Anish N Bhuva
- University College London, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- University College London, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK
| | - James C Moon
- University College London, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK
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Soepriatna AH, Damen FW, Vlachos PP, Goergen CJ. Cardiac and respiratory-gated volumetric murine ultrasound. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 34:713-724. [PMID: 29234935 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-017-1283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Current cardiovascular ultrasound mainly employs planar imaging techniques to assess function and physiology. These techniques rely on geometric assumptions, which are dependent on the imaging plane, susceptible to inter-observer variability, and may be inaccurate when studying complex diseases. Here, we developed a gated volumetric murine ultrasound technique to visualize cardiovascular motion with high spatiotemporal resolution and directly evaluate cardiovascular health. Cardiac and respiratory-gated cine loops, acquired at 1000 frames-per-second from sequential positions, were temporally registered to generate a four-dimensional (4D) dataset. We applied this technique to (1) evaluate left ventricular (LV) function from both healthy mice and mice with myocardial infarction and (2) characterize aortic wall strain of angiotensin II-induced dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysms in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Combined imaging and processing times for the 4D technique was approximately 2-4 times longer than conventional 2D approaches, but substantially more data is collected with 4D ultrasound and further optimization can be implemented to reduce imaging times. Direct volumetric measurements of 4D cardiac data aligned closely with those obtained from MRI, contrary to conventional methods, which were sensitive to transducer alignment, leading to overestimation or underestimation of estimated LV parameters in infarcted hearts. Green-Lagrange circumferential strain analysis revealed higher strain values proximal and distal to the aneurysm than within the aneurysmal region, consistent with published reports. By eliminating the need for geometrical assumptions, the presented 4D technique can be used to more accurately evaluate cardiac function and aortic pulsatility. Furthermore, this technique allows for the visualization of regional differences that may be overlooked with conventional 2D approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin H Soepriatna
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Frederick W Damen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Pavlos P Vlachos
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Oh JH. An Optimistic View towards the Real Time 3D Echocardiography in Congenital Heart Disease: A Simple 'Crop Box' Should Give an Infinite Information in the Near Future! J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2016; 24:106-7. [PMID: 27358699 PMCID: PMC4925384 DOI: 10.4250/jcu.2016.24.2.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Bech-Hanssen O, Polte CL, Lagerstrand KM, Johnsson ÅA, Fadel BM, Gao SA. Left ventricular volumes by echocardiography in chronic aortic and mitral regurgitations. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2016; 50:154-61. [DOI: 10.3109/14017431.2016.1148195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Odd Bech-Hanssen
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Christian Lars Polte
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin M. Lagerstrand
- Department of Diagnostic Radiation Physics, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åse A. Johnsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bahaa M. Fadel
- Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sinsia A. Gao
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Jorstig S, Waldenborg M, Lidén M, Wodecki M, Thunberg P. Determination of Right Ventricular Volume by Combining Echocardiographic Distance Measurements. Echocardiography 2016; 33:844-53. [PMID: 26841195 DOI: 10.1111/echo.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The position of the right ventricle (RV), often partly behind the sternum, implies difficulties to image the RV free wall using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and consequently limits the possibilities of stroke volume calculations. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the volume of the right ventricle (RV) can be determined by combining TTE distance measurements that do not need the RV free wall to be fully visualized. METHODS The RV volume was approximated by an ellipsoid composed of three distances. Distance measurements, modeled RV stroke volumes (RVSV), and RV ejection fraction (RVEF) were compared to reference values obtained from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging for 12 healthy volunteers. RESULTS Inter-modality comparisons showed that distance measurements were significantly underestimated in TTE compared to CMR. The modeled RV volumes using TTE distance measurements were underestimated compared to reference CMR volumes. There was, however, for TTE an agreement between modeled RVSV and left ventricular stroke volumes determined by biplane Simpson's rule. Similar agreement was shown between modeled RVSV based on CMR distance measurements and the CMR reference. Regarding RVEF, further studies including patients with a wider range of RVEF are needed to evaluate the method. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the ellipsoid model of the RV provides good estimates of RVSVs, but volumes based on distance measurements from different modalities cannot be used interchangeably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Jorstig
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Micael Waldenborg
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mats Lidén
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maciej Wodecki
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Per Thunberg
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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