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Xia G, You W, Manickam S, Yoon JY, Xuan X, Sun X. Numerical simulation of cavitation-vortex interaction mechanism in an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 105:106849. [PMID: 38513544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a promising technology for enhancing processes, has shown distinct effectiveness and versatility in various chemical and environmental applications. The recently developed advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (ARHCRs), employing cavitation generation units (CGUs) to induce cavitation, have demonstrated greater suitability for industrial-scale applications than conventional devices. However, the intricate interplay between vortex and cavitation, along with its spatial-temporal evolution in the complex flow field of ARHCRs, remains inadequately elucidated. This study investigated the interaction mechanism between cavitation and vortex in a representative interaction-type ARHCR for the first time using the "simplified flow field strategy" and the Q-criterion. The findings reveal that the flow instability caused by CGUs leads to intricate helical and vortex flows, subsequently giving rise to both sheet and vortex cavitation. Subsequently, utilizing the Q-criterion, the vortex structures are identified to be concentrated inside and at CGU edges with evolution process of mergence and separation. These vortex structures directly influence the shape and dimensions of cavities, establishing a complex interaction with cavitation. Lastly, the vorticity transport equation analysis uncovered that the stretching and dilatation terms dominate the vorticity transport process. Simultaneously, the baroclinic term focuses on the vapor-liquid interface, characterized by significant alterations in density and pressure gradients. These findings contribute to a better comprehension of the cavitation-vortex interaction in ARHCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoju Xia
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Weibin You
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
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Yang Z, Wang X, Zhao X, Cheng H, Ji B. LES investigation of the wavy leading edge effect on cavitation noise. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 103:106780. [PMID: 38286041 PMCID: PMC10839620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
This paper investigates the noise reduction performance of biomimetic hydrofoils with wavy leading edge and the corresponding mechanisms. We employ Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach and permeable Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (PFW-H) method to predict cavitation noise around the baseline and biomimetic hydrofoils. The results show that the wavy leading edge can effectively reduce the high-frequency noise, but has little effect on the low-frequency noise. Further analyses and discussions deal with the noise reduction mechanisms. The main source for the low-frequency noise is the cavity volume acceleration, while the wavy leading edge has little effect on it. The high-frequency noise sources, related to the surface pressure fluctuations and the turbulence characteristics, are significantly suppressed by the wavy leading edge, thus decreasing the high-frequency noise intensity. Our investigation indicates that the wavy leading edge has great prospects for cavitation noise reduction technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongpo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xincheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang X, Lin R, Zhang L, Chen J, Li M, Wang Y. Numerical investigation of effect of geometric parameters on performance of rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 103:106790. [PMID: 38335836 PMCID: PMC10865477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to discuss the influence of geometric parameters on the performance of the rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (RHCR) using numerical method. The novel RHCR is implemented by modifying a centrifugal impeller into a new one using the annular slit constriction (ASC) with circumferentially distributed blind holes. The cavitation intensity and cavitation generation rate are selected to evaluate the cavitation performance, the head is used to assess conveying performance, and the entropy generation theory is used to evaluate the energy loss in the impeller. The effect of the axial width, radial length and radial position of the ASC on the cavitating flow of the RHCR is investigated by CFD method. The results indicate that three patterns of cavitation are induced in the RHCR, including separation cavitation, vortex cavitation and shear cavitation. The axial width, radial length and radial position of the ASC are the important geometric parameter that affect the performance of the RHCR. A small width is superior to a large width in terms of cavitation performance, although the conveying performance suffers as a result. The energy loss in the impeller initially increases and then decreases as the width decreases. Both a reduction in radial length and radial position leads to higher cavitation and conveying capacity, accompanying slight increase in energy loss. Compared to the original model, the RHCR with an axial width of 3 mm, a radial length of 17 mm, and a radial position of 0.541 achieves the highest performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xihua University, Chendu 610039, China
| | - Renyong Lin
- Leo Group Pump (zhejiang) Co., LTD, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Lingbo Zhang
- Leo Group Pump (zhejiang) Co., LTD, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Precision Manufacturing Engineering, Suzhou Vocational Institute of Industrial Technology, Suzhou 215104, China
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Yang Q, Li D, Xiao T, Chang H, Fu X, Wang H. Control mechanisms of different bionic structures for hydrofoil cavitation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 102:106745. [PMID: 38163405 PMCID: PMC10801308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cavitation limits the efficient and stable operation of rotating machinery. The exploration of control methods for hydrofoil cavitation is important for improving the performance of hydraulic machinery. The leading-edge protuberances of the humpback flipper and the spine structure of the tail fin of sailfish are two common bionic structures for cavitation control; however, the control effects of both have limitations. Accordingly, in this study, a passive control method for hydrofoil cavitation was developed by combining the two bionic structures. With the large eddy simulation method, the cavitation processes of wavy leading-edge hydrofoil, bionic fin spine structure hydrofoil, and novel bionic combined structure hydrofoil were studied under a cavitation number of σ = 0.8. The control mechanisms of the three bionic structures for the hydrofoil cavitation were investigated. The results indicated that the novel bionic combined hydrofoil realised the superposition and complementation of the control effects of the two single bionic structures and achieved a better cavitation inhibition effect, reducing the total volume of cavitation by 43 %. In addition, it enhanced the stability of the flow field and reduced the standard deviation of the pressure coefficient on the suction surface by up to 46.55 %. This research provides theoretical support for the optimisation and modification of the blades of hydraulic machinery, such as propellers and pump turbines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Deyou Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Tinglan Xiao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Hong Chang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Xiaolong Fu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Hongjie Wang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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Sun X, Xia G, You W, Jia X, Manickam S, Tao Y, Zhao S, Yoon JY, Xuan X. Effect of the arrangement of cavitation generation unit on the performance of an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 99:106544. [PMID: 37544171 PMCID: PMC10432248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is widely considered a promising process intensification technology. The novel advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (ARHCRs), with considerably higher performance compared with traditional devices, have gained increasing attention of academic and industrial communities. The cavitation generation unit (CGU), located on the rotor and/or stator of an ARHCR, is utilized to generate cavitation and consequently, its geometrical structure is vital for the performance. The present work studied, for the first time, the effect of the arrangement of CGU on the performance of a representative ARHCR by employing computational fluid dynamics based on the "simplified flow field" strategy. The effect of CGU arrangement, which was neglected in the past, was evaluated: radial offset distance (c), intersection angle (ω), number of rows (N), circumferential offset angle (γ), and radial spacing (r). The results indicate that the CGU, with an arrangement of a low ω and moderate c, N, γ, and r, performed the highest cavitation efficiency. The corresponding reasons were analyzed by combining the flow field and cavitation pattern. Moreover, the results also exposed a weakness of the "simplified flow field" strategy which may induce the unfavorable "sidewall effect" and cause false high-pressure region. The findings of this work may provide a reference value to the design of ARHCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Gaoju Xia
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Weibin You
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xiaoqi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Fluid Transmission Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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