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Xia G, You W, Manickam S, Yoon JY, Xuan X, Sun X. Numerical simulation of cavitation-vortex interaction mechanism in an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. Ultrason Sonochem 2024; 105:106849. [PMID: 38513544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a promising technology for enhancing processes, has shown distinct effectiveness and versatility in various chemical and environmental applications. The recently developed advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (ARHCRs), employing cavitation generation units (CGUs) to induce cavitation, have demonstrated greater suitability for industrial-scale applications than conventional devices. However, the intricate interplay between vortex and cavitation, along with its spatial-temporal evolution in the complex flow field of ARHCRs, remains inadequately elucidated. This study investigated the interaction mechanism between cavitation and vortex in a representative interaction-type ARHCR for the first time using the "simplified flow field strategy" and the Q-criterion. The findings reveal that the flow instability caused by CGUs leads to intricate helical and vortex flows, subsequently giving rise to both sheet and vortex cavitation. Subsequently, utilizing the Q-criterion, the vortex structures are identified to be concentrated inside and at CGU edges with evolution process of mergence and separation. These vortex structures directly influence the shape and dimensions of cavities, establishing a complex interaction with cavitation. Lastly, the vorticity transport equation analysis uncovered that the stretching and dilatation terms dominate the vorticity transport process. Simultaneously, the baroclinic term focuses on the vapor-liquid interface, characterized by significant alterations in density and pressure gradients. These findings contribute to a better comprehension of the cavitation-vortex interaction in ARHCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoju Xia
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Weibin You
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
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Sun X, Xia G, You W, Jia X, Manickam S, Tao Y, Zhao S, Yoon JY, Xuan X. Corrigendum to ''Effect of the arrangement of cavitation generation unit on the performance of an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor'' [Ultrason. Sonochem. 99 (2023) 106544]. Ultrason Sonochem 2024; 102:106725. [PMID: 38105155 PMCID: PMC10837768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Gaoju Xia
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Weibin You
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xiaoqi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Fluid Transmission Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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Sun X, Xia G, You W, Jia X, Manickam S, Tao Y, Zhao S, Yoon JY, Xuan X. Effect of the arrangement of cavitation generation unit on the performance of an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. Ultrason Sonochem 2023; 99:106544. [PMID: 37544171 PMCID: PMC10432248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is widely considered a promising process intensification technology. The novel advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (ARHCRs), with considerably higher performance compared with traditional devices, have gained increasing attention of academic and industrial communities. The cavitation generation unit (CGU), located on the rotor and/or stator of an ARHCR, is utilized to generate cavitation and consequently, its geometrical structure is vital for the performance. The present work studied, for the first time, the effect of the arrangement of CGU on the performance of a representative ARHCR by employing computational fluid dynamics based on the "simplified flow field" strategy. The effect of CGU arrangement, which was neglected in the past, was evaluated: radial offset distance (c), intersection angle (ω), number of rows (N), circumferential offset angle (γ), and radial spacing (r). The results indicate that the CGU, with an arrangement of a low ω and moderate c, N, γ, and r, performed the highest cavitation efficiency. The corresponding reasons were analyzed by combining the flow field and cavitation pattern. Moreover, the results also exposed a weakness of the "simplified flow field" strategy which may induce the unfavorable "sidewall effect" and cause false high-pressure region. The findings of this work may provide a reference value to the design of ARHCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Gaoju Xia
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Weibin You
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xiaoqi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Fluid Transmission Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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Liu X, Xu X, Xuan X, Xia W, Feng G, Zhang S, Wu ZG, Zhong B, Guo X, Xie K, Yamauchi Y. Unlocking Enhanced Capacitive Deionization of NaTi 2(PO 4) 3/Carbon Materials by the Yolk-Shell Design. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9242-9253. [PMID: 37058355 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The low salt adsorption capacities (SACs) of benchmark carbon materials (usually below 20 mg g-1) are one of the most challenging issues limiting further commercial development of capacitive deionization (CDI), an energetically favorable method for sustainable water desalination. Sodium superionic conductor (NASICON)-structured NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP) materials, especially used in combination with carbon to prepare NTP/C materials, provide emerging options for higher CDI performance but face the problems of poor cycling stability and dissolution of active materials. In this study, we report the development of the yolk-shell nanoarchitecture of NASICON-structured NTP/C materials (denoted as ys-NTP@C) using a metal-organic framework@covalent organic polymer (MOF@COP) as a sacrificial template and space-confined nanoreactor. As expected, ys-NTP@C exhibits good CDI performance, including exemplary SACs with a maximum SAC of 124.72 mg g-1 at 1.8 V in the constant-voltage mode and 202.76 mg g-1 at 100 mA g-1 in the constant-current mode, and good cycling stability without obvious performance degradation or energy consumption increase over 100 cycles. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction used to study CDI cycling clearly exhibits the good structural stability of ys-NTP@C during repeated ion intercalation/deintercalation processes, and the finite element simulation shows why yolk-shell nanostructures exhibit better performance than other materials. This study provides a new synthetic paradigm for preparing yolk-shell structured materials from MOF@COP and highlights the potential use of yolk-shell nanoarchitectures for electrochemical desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xingtao Xu
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Guilin Feng
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University, N20W10, Sapporo City 001-0020, Japan
| | - Shuaihua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Benhe Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Keyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Xuan X, Wang M, You W, Manickam S, Tao Y, Yoon JY, Sun X. Hydrodynamic cavitation-assisted preparation of porous carbon from garlic peels for supercapacitors. Ultrason Sonochem 2023; 94:106333. [PMID: 36821934 PMCID: PMC9975689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), which can effectively induce sonochemical effects, is widely considered a promising process intensification technology. In the present study, HC was successfully utilized to intensify the alkali activation of GPs for SCs, for the first time. Five BDCMs were synthesized following the method reported in the literature. For comparison, four more BDCMs with HC-treated, among which a sample was further doped with nitrogen during the HC treatment, were prepared. Then all the samples were compared from microscopical characteristics to electrochemical performance as SCs materials. The morphology study demonstrated that the HC treatment had created many defects and amorphous carbon structures on the GP-based BDCMs, with the highest SSA reaching 3272 m2/g (1:6-HCGP), which 32 folded that of the Raw carbon sample's. The HC treatment also intensified the N-doping process. XRD and XPS results manifested that the N content had been increased and consequently changed the electronic structure of the carbon atoms, leading to the increase of specific capacitance (1:6-HCGP+N-based SC, 227 F/g at 10 A/g). The cycle performance proved that the GP-based BDCMs have long-term stability, indicating that the HC-treated BDCMs were good choices for energy storage technologies. Compared with the ultrasound-assisted method, which may have a high energy density, the HC-assisted method enables high production and energy efficiency. This work is a first time attempt towards the industrial application of HC method in energy-related materials synthesis and encourages more in-depth studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Weibin You
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
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Xing Z, Xuan X, Hu H, Li M, Gao H, Alowasheeir A, Jiang D, Zhu L, Li Z, Kang Y, Zhang J, Yi X, Yamauchi Y, Xu X. Particle size optimization of metal–organic frameworks for superior capacitive deionization in oxygenated saline water. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4515-4518. [PMID: 36974954 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06460j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis-free metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with optimized particle sizes were used as capacitive deionization (CDI) materials in oxygenated saline water. Upon decreasing the particle size of the MOFs, excellent cycling stability...
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Xing
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Mohua Li
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Huimin Gao
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Azhar Alowasheeir
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Dong Jiang
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Liyang Zhu
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Zhengtong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yunqing Kang
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Special Silicon-containing Material, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Xibin Yi
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Special Silicon-containing Material, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Xingtao Xu
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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Zhang M, Xuan X, Yi X, Sun J, Wang M, Nie Y, Zhang J, Sun X. Carbon Aerogels as Electrocatalysts for Sustainable Energy Applications: Recent Developments and Prospects. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:2721. [PMID: 35957152 PMCID: PMC9370447 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon aerogel (CA) based materials have multiple advantages, including high porosity, tunable molecular structures, and environmental compatibility. Increasing interest, which has focused on CAs as electrocatalysts for sustainable applications including oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has recently been raised. However, a systematic review covering the most recent progress to boost CA-based electrocatalysts for ORR/OER/HER/CO2RR is now absent. To eliminate the gap, this critical review provides a timely and comprehensive summarization of the applications, synthesis methods, and principles. Furthermore, prospects for emerging synthesis, screening, and construction methods are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Special Silicon-Containing Material, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xibin Yi
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Special Silicon-Containing Material, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jinqiang Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Special Silicon-Containing Material, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Yihao Nie
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Special Silicon-Containing Material, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory for Special Silicon-Containing Material, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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Xuan X, Wang M, Manickam S, Boczkaj G, Yoon JY, Sun X. Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Sensors for the Detection of Toxins in Food: A Critical Mini-Review on the Applications and Mechanisms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:906374. [PMID: 35711628 PMCID: PMC9197483 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.906374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using scientific technologies to detect toxins in food is significant to prevent food safety problems and protect people’s health. Recently, the rise of sensors has made rapid, efficient, and safe detection of food toxins possible. One of the key factors impacting the sensor’s performance is the nanomaterials employed. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with high specific surface area, tunable composition, porous structure, and flexible properties, have aroused the interest of researchers. The applications of MOFs in detecting food toxins have seen remarkable success in the past few years. In this critical mini-review, the impact of various synthesis methods on MOFs’ properties is first presented. Then, the applications and mechanisms of MOFs-based sensors in detecting various toxins are summarized and analyzed. Finally, future perspectives, potential opportunities, and challenges in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.,Advanced Materials Center, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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9
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Xiao Q, Xuan X, Boczkaj G, Yoon JY, Sun X. Photolysis for the Removal and Transformation of Pesticide Residues During Food Processing: A State-of-the-Art Minireview. Front Nutr 2022; 9:888047. [PMID: 35669077 PMCID: PMC9164305 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.888047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticide residues are of great significant issue that exerted adverse effects on humans. There is a need for effective and non-toxic decontamination of pesticide residues during food processing. In this minireview, the recent advances in the degradation of pesticide residues by photolysis have been firstly described during food processing. The mechanisms of pesticide residues destruction by photolysis were discussed accordingly. Finally, applications of photolysis in the degradation of pesticide residues from beverages, fresh produce, and food rinse waste were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansansi, South Korea
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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10
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Sun X, You W, Wu Y, Tao Y, Yoon JY, Zhang X, Xuan X. Hydrodynamic Cavitation: A Novel Non-Thermal Liquid Food Processing Technology. Front Nutr 2022; 9:843808. [PMID: 35308268 PMCID: PMC8931495 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.843808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), as a novel non-thermal processing technology, has recently shown unique effects on the properties of various liquid foods. The extreme conditions of pressure at ~500 bar, local hotspots with ~5,000 K, and oxidation created by HC can help obtain characteristic products with high quality and special taste. Moreover, compared with other emerging non-thermal approaches, the feature of the HC phenomenon and its generation mechanism helps determine that HC is more suitable for industrial-scale processing. This mini-review summarizes the current knowledge of the recent advances in HC-based liquid food processing. The principle of HC is briefly introduced. The effectiveness of HC on the various physical (e.g., particle size, viscosity, temperature, and stability), chemical (nutrition loss), and biological characteristics (microorganism inactivation) of various liquid foods are evaluated. Finally, several recommendations for future research on the HC technique are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weibin You
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions From Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Sun X, Liu S, Zhang X, Tao Y, Boczkaj G, Yoon JY, Xuan X. Recent advances in hydrodynamic cavitation-based pretreatments of lignocellulosic biomass for valorization. Bioresour Technol 2022; 345:126251. [PMID: 34728352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the hydrodynamic cavitation (HC)-based pretreatment has shown high effectiveness in laboratories and even in industrial productions for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) into value-added products. The pretreatment capability derives from the extraordinary conditions of pressures at ∼500 bar, local hotspots with ∼5000 K, and oxidation (hydroxyl radicals) created by HC at room conditions. To promote this emerging technology, the present review summarizes the recent advances in the HC-based pretreatment of LCB. The principle of HC including the sonochemical effect and hydrodynamic cavitation reactor is introduced. The effectiveness of HC on the delignification of LCB as well as subsequent fermentation, paper production, and other applications is evaluated. Several key operational factors (i.e., reaction environment, duration, and feedstock characteristics) in HC pretreatments are discussed. The enhancement mechanism of HC including physical and chemical effects is analyzed. Finally, the perspectives on future research on the HC-based pretreatment technology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China.
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
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Sun X, Yang Z, Wei X, Tao Y, Boczkaj G, Yoon JY, Xuan X, Chen S. Multi-objective optimization of the cavitation generation unit structure of an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. Ultrason Sonochem 2021; 80:105771. [PMID: 34689065 PMCID: PMC8551246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has been widely considered a promising technique for industrial-scale process intensifications. The effectiveness of HC is determined by the performance of hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (HCRs). The advanced rotational HCRs (ARHCRs) proposed recently have shown superior performance in various applications, while the research on the structural optimization is still absent. The present study, for the first time, identifies optimal structures of the cavitation generation units of a representative ARHCR by combining genetic algorithm (GA) and computational fluid dynamics, with the objectives of maximizing the total vapor volume, Vvapor , and minimizing the total torque of the rotor wall, M→z . Four important geometrical factors, namely, diameter (D), interaction distance (s), height (h), and inclination angle (θ), were specified as the design variables. Two high-performance fitness functions for Vvapor and M→z were established from a central composite design with 25 cases. After performing 10,001 simulations of GA, a Pareto front with 1630 non-dominated points was obtained. The results reveal that the values of s and θ of the Pareto front concentrated on their lower (i.e., 1.5 mm) and upper limits (i.e., 18.75°), respectively, while the values of D and h were scattered in their variation regions. In comparison to the original model, a representative global optimal point increased the Vvapor by 156% and decreased the M→z by 14%. The corresponding improved mechanism was revealed by analyzing the flow field. The findings of this work can strongly support the fundamental understanding, design, and application of ARHCRs for process intensifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Ze Yang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Xuesong Wei
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Songying Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
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Shang M, Zhang J, Sun J, Yu S, Hua F, Xuan X, Sun X, Filatov S, Yi X. Amine-functionalized mesoporous UiO-66 aerogel for CO2 adsorption. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sun X, Wang Z, Xuan X, Ji L, Li X, Tao Y, Boczkaj G, Zhao S, Yoon JY, Chen S. Disinfection characteristics of an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor in pilot scale. Ultrason Sonochem 2021; 73:105543. [PMID: 33845245 PMCID: PMC8059091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation is a promising technique for water disinfection. In the present paper, the disinfection characteristics of an advanced hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (ARHCR) in pilot scale were studied. The effects of various flow rates (1.4-2.6 m3/h) and rotational speeds (2600-4200 rpm) on the removal of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were revealed and analyzed. The variation regularities of the log reduction and reaction rate constant at various cavitation numbers were established. A disinfection rate of 100% was achieved in only 4 min for 15 L of simulated effluent under 4200 rpm and 1.4 m3/h, with energy efficiency at 0.0499 kWh/L. A comprehensive comparison with previously introduced HCRs demonstrates the superior performance of the presented ARHCR system. The morphological changes in E. coli were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the ARHCR can lead to serious cleavage and surface damages to E. coli, which cannot be obtained by conventional HCRs. Finally, a possible damage mechanism of the ARHCR, including both the hydrodynamical and sonochemical effects, was proposed. The findings of the present study can provide strong support to the fundamental understanding and applications of ARHCRs for water disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Zhengquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Li Ji
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Xuewen Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Songying Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
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Sun X, Xuan X, Ji L, Chen S, Liu J, Zhao S, Park S, Yoon JY, Om AS. A novel continuous hydrodynamic cavitation technology for the inactivation of pathogens in milk. Ultrason Sonochem 2021; 71:105382. [PMID: 33276234 PMCID: PMC7786570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation is a powerful tool for the enhancement of various processing applications. This study utilizes continuous hydrodynamic cavitation (CHC) for the inactivation of pathogens in milk for the first time. The thermal characteristics, inactivation performance, damage on the nutritional composition, product safety, and cost of the advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor at pilot scale were comprehensively investigated. The inactivation results demonstrated that 5.89, 5.53, and 2.99 ± 0.08 log reductions of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus were achieved, respectively, at a final treatment temperature of 70 °C for 1-2 s. Moreover, the detrimental effect of CHC on the nutritional composition of milk, including mineral, fat, protein, and vitamin contents, was similar to that of high-temperature short-time method. The change in the concentrations of general bacteria and E. coli, as well as the pH value and acidity of the CHC treated milk stored at 5 °C for 14 days was found to be close to that of low-temperature long-time pasteurized milk. The cost of the present CHC treatment was $0.00268/L with a production rate of 4.2 L/min. CHC appears to be a remarkable method for the continuous processing of milk, as well as other liquid foods with high nutrition and "fresh-picked" flavor, due to its high efficacy, good scalability, high production capacity, and low operating and equipment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Li Ji
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Songying Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Jingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Seulgi Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ae Son Om
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Sun X, Xuan X, Song Y, Jia X, Ji L, Zhao S, Yong Yoon J, Chen S, Liu J, Wang G. Experimental and numerical studies on the cavitation in an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor for water treatment. Ultrason Sonochem 2021; 70:105311. [PMID: 32871384 PMCID: PMC7786598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has emerged as one of the most potential technologies for industrial-scale water treatment. The advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (ARHCRs) that appeared recently have shown their high effectiveness and economical efficiency compared with conventional devices. For the interaction-type ARHCRs where cavitation is generated from the interaction between the cavitation generation units (CGUs) located on the rotor and the stator, their flow field, cavitation generation mechanism, and interaction process are still not well defined. The present study experimentally and numerically investigated the cavitation flow characteristics in a representative interaction-type ARHCR which has been proposed in the past. The cavitation generation mechanism and development process, which was categorized into "coinciding", "leaving", and "approaching" stages, were analyzed explicitly with experimental flow visualization and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The changes in the cavitation pattern, area ratio, and sheet cavitation length showed high periodicity with a period of 0.5 ms/cycle at a rotational speed of 3,600 rpm in the flow visualization. The experimental and CFD results indicated that sheet cavitation can be generated on the downstream sides of both the moving and the static CGUs. The sheet cavitation was induced and continuously enlarged in the "leaving" and "approaching" stages and was crushed after the moving CGUs coincided with the static CGUs. In addition, vortex cavitation was formed in the vortex center of each CGU due to high-speed rotating fluid motion. The shape and size of the vortex cavitation were determined by the compression effect produced by the interaction. The findings of this work are important for the fundamental understanding, design, and application of the ARHCRs in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Yongxing Song
- School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Jia
- National-Provincial Joint Engineering Laboratory for Fluid Transmission System Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Li Ji
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Songying Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Jingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Guichao Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
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Xuan X, Chen S, Zhao S, Yoon JY, Boczkaj G, Sun X. Carbon Nanomaterials From Metal-Organic Frameworks: A New Material Horizon for CO 2 Reduction. Front Chem 2020; 8:573797. [PMID: 33173768 PMCID: PMC7591589 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.573797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of CO2 in the atmosphere, which results in severe climate change and temperature increase, is known as the major reason for the greenhouse effect. Reducing CO2 to value-added products is an attractive solution to this severe problem, along with addressing the energy crisis, to which the catalysts being employed are of vital importance. Due to their high porosity and tunable compositions, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show great potential in energy conversion systems. By thermal or chemical treatment methods, the MOFs are easily turned into MOF-derived carbon nanomaterials. The much higher level of conductivity enables MOF-derived carbon nanomaterials to be employed in CO2 conversion processes. The present review, discusses the state of the art of MOF-derived carbon nanomaterials in CO2 electrochemical, photocatalytic, and thermal reduction applications. The corresponding reaction mechanisms and influence of various factors on catalyst performance are elaborated. Finally, the deficiencies and recommendations are provided for future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Songying Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Yang X, Cheng J, Fang B, Xuan X, Liu N, Yang X, Zhou J. Single Ni atoms with higher positive charges induced by hydroxyls for electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction. Nanoscale 2020; 12:18437-18445. [PMID: 32941583 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04391e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To promote the faradaic efficiency of the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) with low-cost catalysts, single Ni atoms with higher positive charges induced by hydroxyls were proposed to form an atomically dispersed Ni-N4 structure in a cheap honeycomb-like carbon matrix for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, aberration-corrected High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements confirmed that the active-center structure consists of single Ni atoms and the adjacent hydroxyl via hydrothermal treatment (H-Ni/NC). Density functional theory calculations indicated that the isolated Ni atoms with higher positive charges induced by the hydroxyl decreased the free energy of the rate-limiting step to 1.05 eV for the CO2RR. The faradaic efficiency (FE) of CO2 reduction into CO was ≥88.0% over the H-Ni/NC catalyst in the potential range of -0.5 to -0.9 V (vs. RHE). The peak CO FE reached 97% at -0.7 V due to the synergistic effect between the unsaturated Ni-N4 active sites and the hydroxyl species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Baizeng Fang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Niu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Xian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Junhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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Xuan X, Zhou J, Tian Z, Lin Y, Song J, Ruan Z, Ni B, Zhao H, Yang W. ILC3 cells promote the proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells through IL-22/AKT signaling. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:563-575. [PMID: 31203574 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Type 3 innate lymphocytes (ILC3s) are reported to be involved in lung cancer, possibly by producing interleukin-22 (IL-22). However, whether ILC3s and their secreted IL-22 molecules contribute to the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer (PC) remains unclear. To this end, in this study, we investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of ILC3s on PC pathogenesis. METHOD The IL-22 and IL-2i2R levels and the ILC3s' frequency in cancer tissues from PC patients and in peripheral blood from PC patients and healthy controls were analyzed by flow cytometry, immunochemistry, or immunofluorescence. The effects of IL-22-induced AKT signaling on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PC cells were examined by co-culturing PC cell lines with ILC3s isolated from PC tissues, with or without the addition of neutralizing IL-22 antibody, IL-22R antibody or AKT inhibitor. RESULTS Our results showed that IL-22 and ILC3s were significantly upregulated in the PBMCs and cancer tissues of PC patients, and the IL-22R level was increased in PC cells. The increased frequency of ILC3s was positively correlated with the clinical features of PC patients. Co-culture experiments indicated that ILC3s promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PC cell lines by secreting IL-22 to activate AKT signaling because IL-22/IL-22R or AKT blockage markedly counteracted such effects on PC cells. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that ILC3s may promote PC pathogenesis through IL-22/IL-22R-AKT signaling, suggesting a potential intervention target for PC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Kidney, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, District Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - J Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Z Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Y Lin
- Bellevue Christian High School, 1601 98th Ave NE, Bellevue, WA, 98004, USA
| | - J Song
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Z Ruan
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - B Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - H Zhao
- Department of Kidney, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, District Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - W Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The 181th Hospital of PLA, No. 1 Xinqiaoyuan Road, Guilin, 541002, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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Cheng J, Yang X, Xuan X, Liu N, Zhou J. Development of an efficient catalyst with controlled sulfur vacancies and high pyridine nitrogen content for the photoelectrochemical reduction of CO 2 into methanol. Sci Total Environ 2020; 702:134981. [PMID: 31715395 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To efficiently and selectively produce liquid hydrocarbon fuels, e.g., methanol, by CO2 photoelectrochemical reduction, CdS nanoparticles (NPs) anchored on the nitrogen-doped carbon particles (NCP) with core-shell dodecahedral porous structure were used as cathode catalysts. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra indicated that CdS/NCP treated at 500 °C had the maximum S-vacancies. The heterojunction generated between CdS with abundant S-vacancies and NCP with a high content of pyridinic N acted as synergistic catalyst for CO2 reduction. CdS/NCP-500 catalyst exhibited a selectivity of 77.3% towards methanol with a total carbon atom conversion rate of 3052 nmol·h-1·cm-2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the S-vacancies decreased the energy barrier for CO2 conversion into methanol product. NCP, exhibiting a high adsorption capacity for CO2, allowed the conversion of COOH* into CO* (ΔE = -3.6 eV), which was then transferred to the CdS surface displaying abundant S-vacancies for the reduction into the methanol product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Niu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Cheng J, Zhou F, Xuan X, Liu J, Zhou J, Cen K. The catalytic effect of the Na and Ca-rich industrial wastes on the thermal ignition of coal combustion. Chin J Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Xuan X, Cheng J, Yang X, Zhou J, Cen K. Solar driven reduction of CO 2 using Pt-Cu/C as a catalyst in a photoelectrochemical cell: experiment and mechanism study. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10635-10644. [PMID: 35515329 PMCID: PMC9062512 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00176j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon supported nano-metal catalysts are expected to improve CO2 reduction selectivity and efficiency due to the addition of more active sites and enhancement of electron transport ability. In this study, HKUST-1 was pyrolyzed and decorated with Pt to prepare Pt-Cu/C catalysts. The catalytic effect of the catalysts with different Pt contents in the CO2 photoeletrochemical reduction reaction (CO2PRR) were compared. The total carbon atom conversion rate in CO2PRR experiments using Pt-Cu/C catalysts first increased to a peak when using 1.6 wt% Pt-Cu/C catalyst and then decreased with the increase of Pt content. The 1.6 wt% Pt-Cu/C catalyst showed good hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) inhibiting ability compared with other Pt-Cu/C catalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to give an insight into the CO2PRR mechanism on some possible active sites in Pt-Cu/C catalysts. The result demonstrated that HER was more likely to be inhibited on the Cu/Pt active surface and at the same time CO2PRR was promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Kefa Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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Cheng J, Xuan X, Yang X, Zhou J, Cen K. Preparation of a Cu(BTC)-rGO catalyst loaded on a Pt deposited Cu foam cathode to reduce CO2 in a photoelectrochemical cell. RSC Adv 2018; 8:32296-32303. [PMID: 35547488 PMCID: PMC9086171 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05964k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To increase the reaction productivity and selectivity of the CO2 photoelectrochemical reduction reaction, a Cu (benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid [BTC])-reduced graphite oxide (rGO) catalyst was prepared by using a facile hydrothermal method and used in a CO2 photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) as a cathode catalyst. Characterization of the catalyst proved that successfully bonding of rGO to Cu(BTC) not only facilitated faster transfer of electrons on the surface of the catalyst but also created more active sites. CO2 photoelectrochemical reduction experimental results showed that the total carbon atom conversion rate was up to 3256 nmol h−1 cm−2 which was much higher than when pure Cu(BTC) was used as a cathode catalyst. The liquid product's selectivity to alcohols was up to 95% when −2 V voltage was applied to the system with Cu(BTC)-rGO used as the cathode catalyst. Schematic of a photoelectrochemical cell for CO2 reduction: the H+ generation process and the CO2 process run in two separated chambers respectively.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Kefa Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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Zhang H, Xuan X, Yang S, Li X, Xu C, Gao X. Selection of viable human spermatozoa with low levels of DNA fragmentation from an immotile population using density gradient centrifugation and magnetic-activated cell sorting. Andrologia 2017; 50. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine; Shandong University; Jinan China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics; Jinan China
- The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education; Jinan China
| | - X. Xuan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine; Shandong University; Jinan China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics; Jinan China
- The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education; Jinan China
| | - S. Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine; Shandong University; Jinan China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics; Jinan China
- The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education; Jinan China
| | - X. Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine; Shandong University; Jinan China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics; Jinan China
- The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education; Jinan China
| | - C. Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine; Shandong University; Jinan China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics; Jinan China
- The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education; Jinan China
| | - X. Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine; Shandong University; Jinan China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics; Jinan China
- The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education; Jinan China
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25
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Nyamjargal T, Oshima N, Xuan X, Igarashi I, Munkhjargal T, Suzuki H. Trichostatin A, a potential drug for treatment of animal Babesia infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5564/mjas.v11i2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of trichostatin A on the asexual growth of bovine, equine, and canine Babesia parasites in vitro as well as on the in vivo growth of Babesia microti (B.microti) in mice. The growth of Babesia bovis (B.bovis), Babesia bigemina (B.bigemina), Babesia caballi (B.caballi), Theileria equi (T.equi), and Babesia gibsoni (B.gibsoni) species was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) by very low concentrations of trichostatin A (IC50 values = 2.6, 2.4, 2.3, 2.4, and 2.3 nM, respectively). Furthermore, in B.microti-infected mice, trichostatin A caused significant higher (P < 0.05) inhibition of the growth of B.microti at the dose of 2 mg/kg body weight than that in the control group. These results indicated the trichostatin A might be a chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of babesiosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.210 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.24-26
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Yamagishi J, Watanabe J, Goo YK, Masatani T, Suzuki Y, Xuan X. Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii 5' UTR with encyclopedic TSS information. J Parasitol 2011; 98:445-7. [PMID: 22010783 DOI: 10.1645/ge-2864.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5' UTR is widely involved in gene expression via post-transcriptional regulation. However, a detailed profile of the 5' UTR for Toxoplasma gondii has not yet been demonstrated. To investigate the issue, we compared the predicted open reading frames (ORFs) and transcription start sites (TSSs) of T. gondii obtained by TSS-seq, a method that enables analysis of encyclopedic TSSs with next-generation sequencers. As a result, it was demonstrated that the mode length of the 5' UTR is between 120 and 140 nucleotides (nts) when a subset of genes with predicted signal peptides was examined. However, when genes without the signal peptide were examined, the length was extended to approximately 600 nts. Because additional information on the predicted signal peptide generates increased reliability to the 5' end estimation of each ORF, we believe that the former value was more reliable as a representative of the 5' UTR length of T. gondii. The discrepancy suggests that current predictions of the 5' end of the ORF were less accurate and considerably more discordant with the natural status. The 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) is defined as that between the 5' end of the transcripts and just in front of a start codon of an ORF. Therefore, the 5' UTR does not contain any information for a protein sequence; however, it is involved in the control of protein expression via the modulation of translational efficiency (Kozak, 1991b; Hughes, 2006).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yamagishi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan 080-8555
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Hirano S, Sato G, Kobayashi Y, Itou T, Rong Luo T, Liu Q, Jin NY, Xuan X, Sakai T. Analysis of Chinese rabies virus isolates from 2003-2007 based on P and M protein genes. Acta Virol 2010; 54:91-8. [PMID: 20545436 DOI: 10.4149/av_2010_02_91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences or deduced amino acid sequences of phosphoprotein (P protein), matrix (M) protein, and glycoprotein (G protein) genes of 18 Chinese isolates of Rabies virus (RABV) from 2003-2007 showed that these isolates formed a separate monophyletic lineage consisting of sub-lineages A and B. Compared with laboratory-fixed strains, recent Chinese isolates of sub-lineage B contained Val or Ala instead of Met69 in P protein, which is involved in generating truncated P proteins. In addition, one of these isolates CHpg3 had Pro instead of Ser63 and Leu instead of Ser64. Importantly, all functional domains of P and M proteins of all recent Chinese isolates were similar to those of laboratory-fixed strains. This study showed that although the recent Chinese RABV isolates belonged to a distinct lineage, their functional domains of P and M proteins were highly conserved. KEYWORDS rabies virus; glycoprotein; phosphoprotein; matrix protein; China.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hirano
- Nihon University Veterinary Research Center, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0080, Japan
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Inpankaew T, Pinyopanuwut N, Chimnoi W, Kengradomkit C, Sununta C, Zhang G, Nishikawa Y, Igarashi I, Xuan X, Jittapalapong S. Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy cows in Thailand. Transbound Emerg Dis 2010; 57:42-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2010.01105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Ioffe Y, Xuan X, Gayatry M, Deyin X, Oliva E, Karlan B, Orsulic S. BRCA1 expression is downregulated in uterine leiomyosarcomas. Gynecol Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Inpankaew T, Jittapalapong S, Phasuk J, Pinyopanuwut N, Chimnoi W, Kengradomkit C, Sunanta C, Zhang G, Aboge G, Nishikawa Y, Igarashi I, Xuan X. Seroprevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection of dairy cows in three northern provinces of Thailand determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant antigen CpP23. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 76:161-5. [DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v76i2.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is the most frequent parasitic agent that causes diarrhoea in AIDS patients in Thailand. Cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in humans may be attributed to contamination of their drinking water from infected dairy pastures. A 23-kDa glycoprotein of C. parvum (CpP23) is a sporozoite surface protein that is geographically conserved among C. parvum isolates. This glycoprotein is a potentially useful candidate antigen for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Therefore, we investigated the seroprevalence of C. parvum infection in dairy cows in northern Thailand using an ELISA based on recombinant CpP23 antigen. Sera were randomly collected from 642 dairy cows of 42 small-holder farmers, which had the top three highest number of the dairy cows' population in Northern Thailand, that included Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai and Lumpang provinces. The overall seroprevalence of the infection was 4.4 %, and the seropositive rates for the three provinces were 3.3 % in Chiang Mai, 5.1 % in Chiang Rai and 3 % in Lumpang. These results suggest that cattle could play a role in zoonotic cryptosporidiosis in Thailand.
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Terkawi MA, Zhang G, Jia H, Aboge G, Goo YK, Nishikawa Y, Yokoyama N, Igarashi I, Kawazu SI, Fujisaki K, Xuan X. C3 contributes to the cross-protective immunity induced by Babesia gibsoni phosphoriboprotein P0 against a lethal B. rodhaini infection. Parasite Immunol 2008; 30:365-70. [PMID: 18533933 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2008.01026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the impact of complement component 3 (C3) deficiency on the progression of lethal Babesia rodhaini infection in immune mice. A B. gibsoni ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 (BgP0) previously reported to be a cross-protective antigen against Babesia infection was used to immunize C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and C3-deficient (C3-/-) mice. Test mice were immunized intraperitoneally (i.p.) with recombinant BgP0 (rBgP0), while controls either were immunized with PBS or did not receive any immunization. Following the immunization regime, test WT mice induced a specifically strong humoral response consisting of mixed immunoglobulins IgG1 and IgG2 associated with high production of IFN-gamma in the supernatant of splenocytes. While test C3-/- mice had significantly decreased total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2b responses, the secretions of IL-12 and IFN-gamma tended to be lower than those in WT mice. Furthermore, partial protection was only observed in rBgP0-immunized WT mice but not in C3-/- mice or controls. Indeed, rBgP0-immunized WT mice showed significant reductions in the initiation of parasitaemia correlated with delayed mortalities and considerable survival rates. Taken together, our results indicate that cross-protection was impaired in C3-/- mice in view of the decrease in the antibody responses and cytokine production and the high susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Terkawi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Nishikawa Y, Kawase O, Vielemeyer O, Suzuki H, Joiner KA, Xuan X, Nagasawa H. Toxoplasma gondii infection induces apoptosis in noninfected macrophages: role of nitric oxide and other soluble factors. Parasite Immunol 2007; 29:375-85. [PMID: 17576367 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2007.00956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis has been found to help in the defence against pathogens. Infection with the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii is known to trigger host-cell apoptosis. When using a T. gondii-infected macrophage cell line, J774A.1, treatment with IFN-gamma significantly enhanced apoptosis in noninfected bystander cells while parasitized cells became relatively resistant. Infection and IFN-gamma treatment activated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and treatment of cells with an iNOS inhibitor, N(G)-monomethlyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA) reduced the apoptosis frequency. However, the reversal was only partial suggesting that not only NO, but also other, as of yet, unknown factors are induced. Finally, we studied the effect in vivo by infecting mice with either a virulent or an avirulent strain. Challenge with the virulent strain lead to a higher parasite burden, induced host-cell apoptosis in peritoneal cells, and produced higher levels of IFN-gamma and NO. Moreover, treatment of mice with a NO synthase inhibitor, aminoguanidine, partially inhibited the host-cell apoptosis induced by the parasite infection. Altogether, our findings indicate that apoptosis in bystander host cells is due to the secretion of NO and other soluble factors released by parasite-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Zhang G, Huong VTT, Battur B, Zhou J, Zhang H, Liao M, Kawase O, Lee EG, Dautu G, Igarashi M, Nishikawa Y, Xuan X. A heterologous prime-boost vaccination regime using DNA and a vaccinia virus, both expressing GRA4, induced protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. Parasitology 2007; 134:1339-46. [PMID: 17506929 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182007002892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThe dense granule antigen 4 (GRA4) is known as an immundominant antigen of Toxoplasma gondii and, therefore, is considered as a vaccine candidate. For further evaluation of its vaccine effect, a recombinant plasmid and vaccinia virus, both expressing GRA4, were constructed, and a heterologous prime-boost vaccination regime was performed in a mouse model. The mice immunized with the heterologous prime-boost vaccination regime showed a high level of specific antibody response against GRA4 and a significantly high level of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production and survived completely against a subsequent challenge infection with a lethal dose of T. gondii. In addition, the formation of cysts was inhibited in the mice vaccinated with the heterologous prime-boost vaccination regime. These results demonstrate that the heterologous prime-boost vaccination regime using DNA and a vaccinia virus, both expressing GRA4, could induce both humoral and cellular immune responses and provide effective protection against lethal acute and chronic T. gondii infections in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhang
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Aboge GO, Jia H, Kuriki K, Zhou J, Nishikawa Y, Igarashi I, Fujisaki K, Suzuki H, Xuan X. Molecular characterization of a novel 32-kDa merozoite antigen of Babesia gibsoni with a better diagnostic performance by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Parasitology 2007; 134:1185-94. [PMID: 17381888 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182007002594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We cloned and expressed a novel gene encoding a 32-kDa merozoite protein of Babesia gibsoni (BgP32). The length of nucleotide sequence of the cDNA was 1464 bp with an open reading frame of 969 bp. The truncated recombinant BgP32 (rBgP32) without a signal peptide and C-terminal hydrophobic sequence was expressed in Escherichia coli as a soluble glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion protein. Western blotting demonstrated that the native protein was 32-kDa, consistent with molecular weight of the predicted mature polypeptide. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using rBgP32 detected specific antibodies from 8 days to 541 days post-infection in the sequential sera from a dog experimentally infected with B. gibsoni. Moreover, the antigen did not cross-react with B. canis subspecies and closely related protozoan parasites, indicating that rBgP32 is a specific diagnostic antigen. Analysis of 47 sera taken from dogs with anaemic signs revealed that rBgP32 detected a higher proportion of B. gibsoni seropositive samples (77%) than its previously identified rBgP50 (68%) homologue. These results indicate that the BgP32 is a novel immunodominant antigen of B. gibsoni, and rBgP32 might be useful for diagnosis of B. gibsoni infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Aboge
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Battsetseg B, Matsuo T, Xuan X, Boldbaatar D, Chee SH, Umemiya R, Sakaguchi T, Hatta T, Zhou J, Verdida AR, Taylor D, Fujisaki K. Babesiaparasites develop and are transmitted by the non-vector soft tickOrnithodoros moubata(Acari: Argasidae). Parasitology 2006; 134:1-8. [PMID: 16978440 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182006000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ornithodoros moubataticks were fed on blood infected withBabesia equi. However, the parasites were quickly cleared as evidenced by the disappearance ofB. equi-specific ribosomal RNA from the ticks. We hypothesized that if theBabesiaparasite can escape midgut-associated barriers a non-vector tick can become infected withBabesia. To test this hypothesis,B. equiparasite-infected blood fromin vitroculture was injected into the haemocoel of ticks.B. equi-specific rRNA was surprisingly detected 45 days after injection even in the eggs.Babesia-free dogs were infested withO. moubataticks that were infected by inoculation withB. gibsoni-infected red blood cells. Parasitaemia and antibody production against Bg-TRAP ofB. gibsoniincreased gradually. These results indicate thatO. moubatamay be a useful vector model forBabesiaparasites and also a very important tool for studies on tick immunity againstBabesiaparasites and tick-Babesiainteractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Battsetseg
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Verdida RA, Xuan X, Fukumoto S, Huang X, Zhou J, Igarashi I, Claveria FG, Nagasawa H. Development of a practical immunochromatographic test with recombinant P50 for the diagnosis of Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs. Parasitology 2005; 131:769-74. [PMID: 16336730 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182005008401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2005] [Revised: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An immunochromatographic test (ICT), using recombinant truncated P50 (P50t), for the detection of antibodies to Babesia gibsoni was developed and evaluated. Whereas all sera from specific pathogen-free dogs were clearly negative, all sera from dogs experimentally infected with B. gibsoni were clearly positive in the ICT. In addition, the ICT detected no cross-reactivity with sera from dogs experimentally infected with closely related parasites, B. canis canis, B. canis vogeli, and B. canis rossi, or with Neospora caninum, and Leishmania infantum. Sequential sera from a dog experimentally infected with B. gibsoni were tested with the ICT; it was shown that the specific antibodies are detectable as early as 6 days post-infection (p.i.) and that strong antibody responses remained until the end of the experiment (144 days p.i.). To evaluate the clinical application of the ICT, a total of 54 serum samples collected from domestic dogs that had been identified as having signs of anaemia at veterinary hospitals in Japan, were tested with the ICT, the previously established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and with the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Twenty-four of the tested samples (44.4%) were positive in both ICT and ELISA, and (51.8%) in IFAT. The concordance between ELISA and ICT was found to be 100%, and 85.7% with IFAT. Taken together, the results above suggest that the ICT using P50t is rapid, simple, accurate, and suitable for use at clinical sites for the diagnosis of B. gibsoni infection in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Verdida
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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37
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Liao M, Xuan X, Huang X, Shirafuji H, Fukumoto S, Hirata H, Suzuki H, Fujisaki K. Identification and characterization of cross-reactive antigens from Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitology 2005; 130:481-8. [PMID: 15991490 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182004006948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Neospora caninum tachyzoites were produced to identify the cross-reactive antigens between N. caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. Ten mAbs recognizing cross-reactive antigens of both parasites were obtained and tentatively classified into 6 different groups based on their reactivity patterns in an indirect fluorescent antibody test and Western blot analysis. Three mAbs in group 1 recognized antigens located on the surface of parasites with molecular masses ranging from 28 to 76 kDa; one mAb in group 2 recognized antigens located on interior organelles of parasites with a molecular mass of 50 kDa; one mAb in group 3 recognized antigens located on interior organelles of parasites with molecular masses of 35 kDa and 14 kDa; three mAbs in group 4 recognized antigens located on interior organelles with a molecular mass of 64 kDa; one mAb in group 5 recognized antigens located on the surface of parasites with an unknown molecular mass; one mAb in group 6 recognized antigens located on the apical end of parasites with an unknown molecular mass. The mAbs in groups 1, 2, 3, and 5 showed inhibitory effects on the growth of the two parasites in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. A cDNA expression library prepared from N. caninum tachyzoite mRNA was immunoscreened with the mAb panel. Three kinds of proteins, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70), and ribosomal protein 1 (RP1), were identified as cross-reactive antigens recognized by mAbs in groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Some of the proteins could be useful in developing vaccines or drugs for controlling the diseases caused by the two parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Liao
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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38
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Huang X, Xuan X, Kimbita EN, Battur B, Miyazawa T, Fukumoto S, Mishima M, Makala LH, Suzuki H, Sugimoto C, Nagasawa H, Fujisaki K, Mikami T, Igarashi I. Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant SAG2 for diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats. J Parasitol 2002; 88:804-7. [PMID: 12197139 DOI: 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0804:daeoae]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cats are pivotal in the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii. To develop a sensitive and specific serodiagnostic method for feline toxoplasmosis, surface antigen 2 (SAG2) of T. gondii was expressed in Escherichia coli and its diagnostic potential evaluated in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ELISA with recombinant SAG2 (rSAG2) was able to differentiate very clearly between sera from cats experimentally infected with T. gondii and sera from normal cats. Serum samples collected from domestic cats in Japan were investigated by the ELISA, and the results were compared with those of a commercially available latex agglutination test (LAT) kit. Of the 192 samples screened, 42 (21.9%) were positive by ELISA. Among the 42 ELISA-positive samples, 39 were positive by LAT. There was a significant correlation between ELISA and LAT titers. All the 150 ELISA-negative samples were negative by LAT. These results indicate that the ELISA with rSAG2 expressed in E. coli should be a useful method for detection of T. gondii infection in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Huang
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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39
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Huang X, Xuan X, Kimbita EN, Battur B, Miyazawa T, Fukumoto S, Mishima M, Makala LH, Suzuki H, Sugimoto C, Nagasawa H, Fujisaki K, Mikami T, Igarashi I. Development and Evaluation of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay with Recombinant SAG2 for Diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Cats. J Parasitol 2002. [DOI: 10.2307/3285368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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40
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Makala LH, Nishikawa Y, Kamada T, Xuan X, Nagasawa H. Antigen presentation by murine peritoneal cavity macrophage-derived dendritic cells. Pathobiology 2002; 69:104-12. [PMID: 11752904 DOI: 10.1159/000048763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine peritoneal cavity macrophage derived dendritic cells (PEC-DC) generated using early growth factors, interleukin 4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor followed by maturation in interferon-gamma plus either, Toxoplasma lysate antigen (TLA) or lipopolysaccharide, bind TLA by a nonspecific mechanism and continue to express major histocompatibility complex class II antigens after 24 h of culture in vitro. Moreover, the proliferation of CD3+ spleen T cells from mice immunized with Toxoplasma gondii homogenate, induced by PEC-DC-mediated antigen presentation was statistically significant and of consistent amplitude. This accessory function of PEC-DC is antigen specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Makala
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
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41
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Kimbita EN, Xuan X, Huang X, Miyazawa T, Fukumoto S, Mishima M, Suzuki H, Sugimoto C, Nagasawa H, Fujisaki K, Suzuki N, Mikami T, Igarashi I. Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cats by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant SAG1. Vet Parasitol 2001; 102:35-44. [PMID: 11705650 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding surface antigen 1 (SAG1, P30) of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) was cloned into the plasmid pGEX-4T-3 and subsequently expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion protein. The recombinant SAG1 (rSAG1) was refolded using 8M urea solution followed by dialysis and thereafter evaluated in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The test sera were adsorbed with GST to block non-specific reactivity to the GST-SAG1 fusion protein. The ELISA with rSAG1 was able to differentiate very clearly between sera from cats or mice experimentally infected with T. gondii and sera from normal cats or mice. The ELISA detected no cross-reactivity with sera from mice experimentally infected with the closely related parasite Neospora caninum (N. caninum). Some 193 cat sera were tested for antibodies to T. gondii, out of which 40 (20.7%) reacted positively by ELISA with the rSAG1 while another 79.3% cats reacted negative to the assay. Both positive and negative sera were confirmed by Western blot analysis. The results of ELISA were in agreement with those of a commercially available latex agglutination test (LAT) kit, although the former had higher titers than the latter.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan/blood
- Antigens, Protozoan/genetics
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Blotting, Western/methods
- Blotting, Western/veterinary
- Cat Diseases/blood
- Cat Diseases/diagnosis
- Cat Diseases/immunology
- Cats
- Cross Reactions
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary
- Female
- Latex Fixation Tests/methods
- Latex Fixation Tests/veterinary
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Protozoan Proteins/genetics
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Reproducibility of Results
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Toxoplasma/genetics
- Toxoplasma/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/diagnosis
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Kimbita
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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42
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Nishisaka M, Yokoyama N, Xuan X, Inoue N, Nagasawa H, Fujisaki K, Mikami T, Igarashi I. Characterisation of the gene encoding a protective antigen from Babesia microti identified it as eta subunit of chaperonin containing T-complex protein 1. Int J Parasitol 2001; 31:1673-9. [PMID: 11730795 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(01)00278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Passive immunisations with a monoclonal antibody termed 1-5H showed a partial but significant inhibition of parasitaemia against Babesia microti challenge infection. By immunoscreening with 1-5H, a clone (termed p58 gene) was obtained from a cDNA expression library of B. microti and the complete nucleotide sequence was determined. A protein homology search showed significant amino acid identities to the eta subunit of the chaperonin containing T-complex protein 1 (CCT) of human (59%), mouse (58%) and Plasmodium falciparum (62%). Genomic analyses indicated that the p58 gene is present as a single copy gene and contains a total of approximately 400-bp introns in the genome of B. microti. The mAb 1-5H recognised a 58-kDa protein of B. microti and was found to cross-react with a 60-kDa protein of Babesia rodhaini. These results suggest the possibility that the p58 protein is the CCT eta subunit of B. microti and functions as a chaperonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nishisaka
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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43
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Makala LH, Nishikawa Y, Kamada T, Suzuki H, Xuan X, Igarashi I, Nagasaw H. Comparison of the accessory activity of murine peritoneal cavity macrophage derived dendritic cells and peritoneal cavity macrophages in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. J Vet Med Sci 2001; 63:1271-7. [PMID: 11789603 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.63.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed comparison of the accessory cell activities was carried out among murine peritoneal cavity macrophages (PEC-Mphi), peritonea] cavity macrophages stimulated with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus interleukin 4 (IL-4), the most popular cytokine combination widely used to generate dendritic cells (DC) and peritoneal cavity macrophage-derived DC (PEC-DC) using a two-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). All the cell types used efficiently induced statistically significant naïve T cell proliferation at all culture time points and responder:stimulator ratios used. However, marked differences were noted in the magnitude of the proliferative responses. These variations may be attributed to the intensity of expression of MHC class II glycoproteins, as well as the actual numbers of MHC class II+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Makala
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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44
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You M, Xuan X, Tsuji N, Kamio T, Igarashi I, Nagasawa H, Mikami T, Fujisaki K. Molecular characterization of a troponin I-like protein from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2001; 32:67-73. [PMID: 11719070 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(01)00081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA expression library prepared from mRNA of Haemaphysalis longicornis (H. longicornis) was screened with a H. longicornis-infested rabbit serum. A cDNA encoding 27/30kDa proteins was cloned and designated P27/30 gene. The predicted amino acid sequence of the P27/30 gene shows a rather high homology (58% amino acid identities and 11% amino acid similarity) with Drosophila melanogaster troponin I clone E2. H. longicornis P27/30 possesses amino acid sequence of actin-binding domains of troponin I at the amino acid residues 128-148, suggesting that H. longicornis P27/30 is a troponin I-like protein. By immunoblot analysis, mouse anti-recombinant P27/30 serum reacted with major constituent protein bands in extracts of adult ticks, and also immunoreacted with muscle, cuticle, gut, and salivary gland in H. longicornis ticks. Moreover, immunohistochemistry using the anti-P27/30 serum showed a strong reactivity in muscle, suggesting that native P27/30 is expressed abundantly in that tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M You
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagito, 501-1193, Gifu, Japan
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45
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Nishikawa Y, Kousaka Y, Tragoolpua K, Xuan X, Makala L, Fujisaki K, Mikami T, Nagasawa H. Characterization of Neospora caninum surface protein NcSRS2 based on baculovirus expression system and its application for serodiagnosis of Neospora infection. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:3987-91. [PMID: 11682519 PMCID: PMC88476 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.11.3987-3991.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The baculovirus expression system has proved to be a useful tool for the production of recombinant proteins. Here we have characterized the Neospora caninum surface protein NcSRS2 produced by two types of the recombinant virus and also have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant NcSRS2 for the serologic diagnosis of Neospora infection. Western blot analysis showed two major protein bands that were detectable in insect cells infected with each recombinant baculovirus, and a lower-molecular-weight protein was detected in culture supernatants from a cell infected with the recombinant virus lacking the hydrophobic C-terminal tail. Analysis of the N-terminal amino acids showed that the secreted NcSRS2 lacked 6 kDa of the N-terminal signal peptide. Moreover, the detergent-soluble protein of insect cells infected with the recombinant baculovirus expressing the full-length NcSRS2 gene was used to develop an ELISA system based on specificity and reactivity to antisera against Toxoplasma gondii, Hammondia heydorni, or N. caninum. Anti-N. caninum mouse, dog, and bovine sera recognized the recombinant NcSRS2 on Western blots. Furthermore, we have shown that the developed ELISA system consistently discriminates indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFAT)-positive bovine sera against N. caninum from IFAT-negative sera. These results indicate that the ELISA using baculovirus-expressed NcSRS2 can be useful for effective and reliable serodiagnosis of N. caninum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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46
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Xuan X, Nagai A, Battsetseg B, Fukumoto S, Makala LH, Inoue N, Igarashi I, Mikami T, Fujisaki K. Diagnosis of equine piroplasmosis in Brazil by serodiagnostic methods with recombinant antigens. J Vet Med Sci 2001; 63:1159-60. [PMID: 11714038 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.63.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum samples from horses in the States of Sao Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil were examined for diagnosis of equine piroplasmosis by both the latex agglutination test (LAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant antigens. Of the 47 samples analyzed, 38 (81%) and 42 (90%) samples were positive for B. equi infection and B. caballi infection, respectively. In addition, 35 (75%) samples were positive for both B. equi and B. caballi infections. These results indicate that equine piroplasmosis is widespread and therefore a cause for serious concern in the States of Sao Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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47
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Mishima M, Xuan X, Nishikawa Y, Makala L, Yokoyama N, Nagasawa H, Mikami T. Construction of recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 expressing Toxoplasma gondii surface antigen 1. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2001; 117:103-6. [PMID: 11551636 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-6851(01)00325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Mishima
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.
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48
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Fukumoto S, Xuan X, Shigeno S, Kimbita E, Igarashi I, Nagasawa H, Fujisaki K, Mikami T. Development of a polymerase chain reaction method for diagnosing Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2001; 63:977-81. [PMID: 11642286 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.63.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A pair of oligonucleotide primers were designed according to the nucleotide sequence of the P18 gene of Babesia gibsoni (B. gibsoni), NRCPD strain, and were used to detect parasite DNA from blood samples of B. gibsoni-infected dogs by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR was specific for B. gibsoni since no amplification was detected with DNA from B. Canis or normal dog leucocytes. PCR was sensitive enough to detect parasite DNA from 2.5 microl of blood samples with a parasitemia of 0.000002%. PCR detected parasite DNA from 2 to 222 days post-infection in sequential blood samples derived from a dog experimentally infected with B. gibsoni. The detection of B. gibsoni DNA by PCR was much earlier than the detection of antibodies to B. gibsoni in blood samples by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) or that of the parasite itself in Giemsa-stained thin blood smear film examined by microscopy. In addition, 28 field samples collected from dogs in Kansai area, Japan, were tested for B. gibsoni infection. Nine samples were positive in blood smears, 9 samples were positive by IFAT and 11 samples were positive for B. gibsoni DNA by PCR. The nucleotide sequences of PCR products from all 11 samples found positive by PCR were completely identical to that of the P18 gene of the B. gibsoni, NRCPD strain. These results suggest that PCR provides a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of B. gibsoni infection in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fukumoto
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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49
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Boldbaatar D, Xuan X, Kimbita E, Huang X, Igarashi I, Byambaa B, Battsetseg B, Battur B, Battsetseg G, Batsukh Z, Nagasawa H, Fujisaki K, Mikami T. Detection of antibodies to Hypoderma lineatum in cattle by Western blotting with recombinant hypodermin C antigen. Vet Parasitol 2001; 99:147-54. [PMID: 11470181 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00457-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The cDNA encoding the entire mature hypodermin C (HC) of Hypoderma lineatum was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein using pGEX vector. The recombinant HC protein (rHC) was tested by Western blotting to detect antibodies to H. lineatum in cattle. Western blotting with rHC as antigen clearly differentiated between H. lineatum-infested cattle sera and normal cattle sera. Forty-six out of forty-eight serum samples from cattle in Central Mongolia were positive, whereas all 30 serum samples from cows in Hokkaido, Japan, were negative by Western blotting. The result of Western blotting was identical to that of a previously developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These data demonstrated that Western blotting, with rHC expressed in E. coli, might be a useful method for the diagnosis of cattle hypodermosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Boldbaatar
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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50
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Tang J, Xuan X, Wang J, Zhuo K. [An IR study of ion solvation and association of lithium perchlorate in some organic solvents]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2001; 21:472-474. [PMID: 12945264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The infrared (IR) spectra of propylene carbonate (PC), gamma-butyrolactone (BL) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) in the presence of LiClO4 have been investigated. It is shown that the interactions between Li+ and these solvents occur on the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl of solvent molecules. On the other hand, spectral curve fitting for band shape of perchlorate anion shows the presence of ion association in these solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Henan Normal University, 453002 Xinxiang
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