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Nagashima K, Zhao A, Atabakhsh K, Bae M, Blum JE, Weakley A, Jain S, Meng X, Cheng AG, Wang M, Higginbottom S, Dimas A, Murugkar P, Sattely ES, Moon JJ, Balskus EP, Fischbach MA. Mapping the T cell repertoire to a complex gut bacterial community. Nature 2023; 621:162-170. [PMID: 37587342 PMCID: PMC10948025 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Certain bacterial strains from the microbiome induce a potent, antigen-specific T cell response1-5. However, the specificity of microbiome-induced T cells has not been explored at the strain level across the gut community. Here, we colonize germ-free mice with complex defined communities (roughly 100 bacterial strains) and profile T cell responses to each strain. The pattern of responses suggests that many T cells in the gut repertoire recognize several bacterial strains from the community. We constructed T cell hybridomas from 92 T cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes; by screening every strain in the community against each hybridoma, we find that nearly all the bacteria-specific TCRs show a one-to-many TCR-to-strain relationship, including 13 abundant TCR clonotypes that each recognize 18 Firmicutes. By screening three pooled bacterial genomic libraries, we discover that these 13 clonotypes share a single target: a conserved substrate-binding protein from an ATP-binding cassette transport system. Peripheral regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells specific for an epitope from this protein are abundant in community-colonized and specific pathogen-free mice. Our work reveals that T cell recognition of commensals is focused on widely conserved, highly expressed cell-surface antigens, opening the door to new therapeutic strategies in which colonist-specific immune responses are rationally altered or redirected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nagashima
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aishan Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katayoon Atabakhsh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Minwoo Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jamie E Blum
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Allison Weakley
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sunit Jain
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiandong Meng
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alice G Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven Higginbottom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alex Dimas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth S Sattely
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily P Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Fischbach
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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2
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Vlachostergios PJ, Niaz MJ, Thomas C, Christos PJ, Osborne JR, Margolis DJA, Khani F, Bander NH, Scherr DS, Tagawa ST. Pilot study of the diagnostic utility of 89 Zr-df-IAB2M and 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET imaging and multiparametric MRI in localized prostate cancer. Prostate 2022; 82:483-492. [PMID: 34985786 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis of localized prostate cancer (PCa) is limited by inadequacy of multiparametric (mp) MRI to fully identify and differentiate localized malignant tissue from benign pathologies. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) represents an excellent target for molecular imaging. IAB2M, an 85-kD minibody derived from a de-immunized monoclonal antibody directed at the extracellular domain of human PSMA (huJ591), and PSMA-11, a small molecule ligand have been previously tested as probes for visualization of recurrent/metastatic PCa with PET/CT. This pilot, non-randomized trial studied their diagnostic utility in patients (pts) with localized PCa. METHODS Pts planned for radical prostatectomy (RP) were enrolled and underwent mpMRI and PET/CT imaging with 89 Zr-df-IAB2M and/or 68 Ga-PSMA-PET/CT. Image results were read by a radiologist blinded to clinical information and pathology results, mapped and compared to corresponding histopathology findings from all lesions, both clinically significant and nonsignificant. The detection rates of all three imaging modalities were measured and correlated. RESULTS 20 pts with median age of 64.5 (46-79) years and PSA level of 7.5 (1.6-36.56) ng/ml were enrolled. 19 pts underwent RP and were imaged pre-operatively with 89 Zr-Df-IAB2M PET/CT and mpMRI. Nine of those were imaged using 68 Ga-PSMA-11 as well. Out of 48 intraprostatic lesions verified on surgical pathology, IAB2M PET/CT was able to detect 36 (75%). A similar proportion of pathologically confirmed, clinically significant lesions (22/29, 76%) was detected. IAB2M PET/CT was also able to identify 14/19 (74%) extraprostatic lesions. The performance of mpMRI was inferior, with 24/48 detectable lesions (50%) and 18/29 clinically significant intraprostatic lesions (62%). Compared to the current standard (mpMRI), IAB2M PET/CT had a sensitivity of 88%, specificity 38%, positive predictive value 58%, and accuracy 63%. In 9 pts who underwent Ga-PSMA-11 as well, the latter yielded a detection rate of 70% (14/20), which was also seen in clinically significant lesions (10/14, 71%). Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT also detected 4/6 (67%) extraprostatic lesions. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, the performance of 89 Zr-df-IAB2M was superior to mpMRI and similar to 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. The higher detection rate of PSMA-PET supports its use as a diagnostic tool with consequent management change implications in men with localized PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis J Vlachostergios
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Muhammad J Niaz
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charlene Thomas
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul J Christos
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph R Osborne
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel J A Margolis
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Body Imaging, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Francesca Khani
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Neil H Bander
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Douglas S Scherr
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott T Tagawa
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Widjaja L, Derlin T, Ross TL, Bengel FM, Werner RA. Pretherapeutic estimated glomerular filtration rate predicts development of chronic kidney disease in patients receiving PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy. Prostate 2022; 82:86-96. [PMID: 34633090 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligand therapy (RLT) may be associated with renal toxicity. We aimed to identify predictive parameters for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) undergoing RLT. METHODS In 46 mCRPC patients scheduled for Lu-177-PSMA-RLT, pretherapeutic estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR [ml/min/1.73 m2 ]), Tc-99m-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (Tc-99m-MAG3) clearance and baseline Ga-68-PSMA-ligand positron emission tomography (PET)-derived renal cortical uptake and PSMA-tumor volume (TV) were determined. We tested the predictive capability of these parameters and clinical risk factors for the occurrence of CKD (defined as CTCAE vers. 5.0 grade 2 or higher) during follow-up. RESULTS After 4 ± 3 cycles of RLT average eGFR declined from 76 ± 17 to 72 ± 20 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p = 0.003). Increased estimated renal radiation dose (eRRD) was significantly associated with renal functional decline (p = 0.008). During follow-up, 16/46 (30.4%) developed CKD grade 2 (no grade 3 or higher). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, pretherapeutic eGFR was highly accurate in identifying the occurrence of CKD vs no CKD with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.945 (p < 0.001; best threshold, 77 ml/min/1.73 m2 ), followed by Tc-99m-MAG3-derived tubular extraction rate (TER; AUC, 0.831, p < 0.001; best threshold, 200 ml/min/1.73 m2 ). Renal PET signal (p = 0.751) and PSMA-TV (p = 0.942), however, were not predictive. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed adverse renal outcome for patients with lower eGFR (p = 0.001) and lower scintigraphy-derived TER (p = 0.009), with pretherapeutic eGFR emerging as the sole predictive parameter in multivariate analysis (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Serious adverse renal events are not a frequent phenomenon after PSMA-targeted RLT. However, in patients developing moderate CKD after RLT, pretherapeutic eGFR is an independent predictor for renal impairment during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Widjaja
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thorsten Derlin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias L Ross
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank M Bengel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rudolf A Werner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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4
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Esmaeili B, Bayat B, Fazlollahi MR, Moradi L, Kalantari A, Nourbakhsh SMK, Pourpak Z. Identification of Antibodies against Neutrophil Surface Antigens in Two Iranian Patients with Autoimmune Neutropenia. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021; 20:771-777. [PMID: 34920660 DOI: 10.18502/ijaai.v20i6.8029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune neutropenia is a type of immune-mediated neutropenia, caused by antibody-induced neutrophil destruction. Here we report two cases (3-year-old boy and 9-year-old girl) with suspected autoimmune neutropenia. The presence of neutrophil antibodies in sera of these patients was investigated using standard neutrophil antibody screening tests such as granulocyte immunofluorescence test (GIFT), granulocyte agglutination test (GAT), and lymphocyte immunofluorescence test (LIFT). A positive reactivity with two panel cells was found in GIFT. No reactivities with panel cells were observed in GAT and LIFT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for detecting the neutrophil reactive antibodies using genotyped neutrophils in patients with autoimmune neutropenia in Iran. The final diagnosis of our patients was primary autoimmune neutropenia for the boy and autoimmune neutropenia associated with familial Mediterranean fever for the girl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Esmaeili
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behnaz Bayat
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Mohamad Reza Fazlollahi
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leila Moradi
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arash Kalantari
- Department of Pediatrics, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Kazem Nourbakhsh
- Department of Pediatrics, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Pourpak
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Logozzi M, Di Raimo R, Properzi F, Barca S, Angelini DF, Mizzoni D, Falchi M, Battistini L, Fais S. Nanovesicles released by OKT3 hybridoma express fully active antibodies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:175-182. [PMID: 33404266 PMCID: PMC7801098 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1852401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have shown that nanovesicles preparations from either primary immune cells culture supernatants or plasma contain immunoglobulins, suggesting that a natural way of antibody production may be through exosome release. To verify this hypothesis, we used the OKT3 hybridoma clone, which produces a murine IgG2a monoclonal antibody used to reduce rejection in patients undergoing organ transplantation. We showed exosome-associated immunoglobulins in hybridoma supernatants, by Western blot, nanoscale flow cytometry and immunocapture-based ELISA. The OKT3-exo was also being able to trigger cytokines production in both CD4 and CD8 T cells. These results show that nanovesicles contain immunoglobulin and could be used for immunotherapy. These data could lead to a new approach to improve the effectiveness of therapeutic antibodies by exploiting their natural property to be expressed on nanovesicle membrane, that probably render them more stable and as a consequence more capable to interact with their specific ligand in the best way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariantonia Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Raimo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Properzi
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Barca
- FARVA – National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Davide Mizzoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Falchi
- National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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6
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Camire AC, Hatke AL, King VL, Millership J, Ritter DM, Sobell N, Weber A, Marconi RT. Comparative analysis of antibody responses to outer surface protein (Osp)A and OspC in dogs vaccinated with Lyme disease vaccines. Vet J 2021; 273:105676. [PMID: 34148599 PMCID: PMC8254658 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lyme disease (LD), the most common tick-borne disease of canines and humans in N. America, is caused by the spirochete Borreliella burgdorferi. Subunit and bacterin vaccines are available for the prevention of LD in dogs. LD bacterin vaccines, which are comprised of cell lysates of two strains of B. burgdorferi, contain over 1000 different proteins and cellular constituents. In contrast, subunit vaccines are defined in composition and consist of either outer surface protein (Osp)A or OspA and an OspC chimeritope. In this study, we comparatively assessed antibody responses to OspA and OspC induced by vaccination with all canine bacterin and subunit LD vaccines that are commercially available in North America. Dogs were administered a two-dose series of the vaccine to which they were assigned (3 weeks apart): Subunit-AC, Subunit-A, Bacterin-1, and Bacterin-2. Antibody titers to OspA and OspC were determined by ELISA and the ability of each vaccine to elicit antibodies that recognize diverse OspC proteins (referred to as OspC types) assessed by immunoblot. While all of the vaccines elicited similar OspA antibody responses, only Subunit-AC triggered a robust and broadly cross-reactive antibody response to divergent OspC proteins. The data presented within provide new information regarding vaccination-induced antibody responses to key tick and mammalian phase antigens by both subunit and bacterin LD canine vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Camire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1112 East Clay Street, McGuire Hall Room 101, Richmond, VA 23298-0678, USA
| | - A L Hatke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1112 East Clay Street, McGuire Hall Room 101, Richmond, VA 23298-0678, USA
| | - V L King
- Zoetis Inc., 333 Portage Road, Kalamazoo, MI 49007-4931, USA
| | - J Millership
- Zoetis Inc., 333 Portage Road, Kalamazoo, MI 49007-4931, USA
| | - D M Ritter
- Zoetis Inc., 333 Portage Road, Kalamazoo, MI 49007-4931, USA
| | - N Sobell
- Zoetis Inc., 333 Portage Road, Kalamazoo, MI 49007-4931, USA
| | - A Weber
- Zoetis Inc., 333 Portage Road, Kalamazoo, MI 49007-4931, USA
| | - R T Marconi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1112 East Clay Street, McGuire Hall Room 101, Richmond, VA 23298-0678, USA.
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7
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Schiller ZA, Rudolph MJ, Toomey JR, Ejemel M, LaRochelle A, Davis SA, Lambert HS, Kern A, Tardo AC, Souders CA, Peterson E, Cannon RD, Ganesa C, Fazio F, Mantis NJ, Cavacini LA, Sullivan-Bolyai J, Hu LT, Embers ME, Klempner MS, Wang Y. Blocking Borrelia burgdorferi transmission from infected ticks to nonhuman primates with a human monoclonal antibody. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:144843. [PMID: 33914704 PMCID: PMC8159683 DOI: 10.1172/jci144843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupting transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex (B. burgdorferi) from infected ticks to humans is one strategy to prevent the significant morbidity from Lyme disease. We have previously shown that an anti-OspA human mAb, 2217, prevents transmission of B. burgdorferi from infected ticks in animal models. Maintenance of a protective plasma concentration of a human mAb for tick season presents a significant challenge for a preexposure prophylaxis strategy. Here, we describe the optimization of mAb 2217 by amino acid substitutions (2217LS: M428L and N434S) in the Fc domain. The LS mutation led to a 2-fold increase in half-life in cynomolgus monkeys. In a rhesus macaque model, 2217LS protected animals from tick transmission of spirochetes at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Crystallographic analysis of Fab in complex with OspA revealed that 2217 bound an epitope that was highly conserved among the B. burgdorferi, B. garinii, and B. afzelii species. Unlike most vaccines that may require boosters to achieve protection, our work supports the development of 2217LS as an effective preexposure prophylaxis in Lyme-endemic regions, with a single dose at the beginning of tick season offering immediate protection that remains for the duration of exposure risk.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/genetics
- Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology
- Antibodies, Bacterial/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/genetics
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Borrelia burgdorferi/genetics
- Borrelia burgdorferi/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Lipoproteins/genetics
- Lipoproteins/immunology
- Lyme Disease/drug therapy
- Lyme Disease/genetics
- Lyme Disease/immunology
- Lyme Disease/transmission
- Macaca fascicularis
- Macaca mulatta
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation, Missense
- Ticks/immunology
- Ticks/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Schiller
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline R. Toomey
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Monir Ejemel
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Simon A. Davis
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Havard S. Lambert
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Aurélie Kern
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda C. Tardo
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Colby A. Souders
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Peterson
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Cannon
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chandrashekar Ganesa
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frank Fazio
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Mantis
- Division of Infectious Disease, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Lisa A. Cavacini
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Sullivan-Bolyai
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linden T. Hu
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Monica E. Embers
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mark S. Klempner
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Wang G, Zhou X, Fucà G, Dukhovlinova E, Shou P, Li H, Johnston C, Mcguinness B, Dotti G, Du H. Fully human antibody V H domains to generate mono and bispecific CAR to target solid tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002173. [PMID: 33795386 PMCID: PMC8021891 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are effective in B-cell malignancies. However, heterogeneous antigen expression and antigen loss remain important limitations of targeted immunotherapy in solid tumors. Therefore, targeting multiple tumor-associated antigens simultaneously is expected to improve the outcome of CAR-T cell therapies. Due to the instability of single-chain variable fragments, it remains challenging to develop the simultaneous targeting of multiple antigens using traditional single-chain fragment variable (scFv)-based CARs. METHODS We used Humabody VH domains derived from a transgenic mouse to obtain fully human prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) VH and mesothelin (MSLN) VH sequences and redirect T cell with VH based-CAR. The antitumor activity and mode of action of PSMA VH and MSLN VH were evaluated in vitro and in vivo compared with the traditional scFv-based CARs. RESULTS Human VH domain-based CAR targeting PSMA and MSLN are stable and functional both in vitro and in vivo. VH modules in the bispecific format are capable of binding their specific target with similar affinity as their monovalent counterparts. Bispecific CARs generated by joining two human antibody VH domains can prevent tumor escape in tumor with heterogeneous antigen expression. CONCLUSIONS Fully human antibody VH domains can be used to generate functional CAR molecules, and redirected T cells elicit antitumoral responses in solid tumors at least as well as conventional scFv-based CARs. In addition, VH domains can be used to generate bispecific CAR-T cells to simultaneously target two different antigens expressed by tumor cells, and therefore, achieve better tumor control in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanmeng Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Giovanni Fucà
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elena Dukhovlinova
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peishun Shou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hongxia Li
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hongwei Du
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Zhao P, Wang C, Ding J, Zhao C, Xia Y, Hu Y, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Fang R. Evaluation of immunoprotective effects of recombinant protein and DNA vaccine based on Eimeria tenella surface antigen 16 and 22 in vivo. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1861-1871. [PMID: 33689009 PMCID: PMC7943400 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis triggered by Eimeria tenella is accompanied by haemorrhagic caecum and high morbidity. Vaccines are preferable choices to replace chemical drugs against coccidiosis. Surface antigens of apicomplexan parasites can adhere to host cells during the infection process. Therefore, truncated fragments coding E. tenella surface antigen 16 (EtSAG16) and 22 (EtSAG22) were cloned into pET-28a prokaryotic vector to express recombinant protein 16 (rEtSAG16) and 22 (rEtSAG22), respectively. Likewise, pEGFP-N1-EtSAG16 and pEGFP-N1-EtSAG22 plasmids were constructed using pEGFP-N1 eukaryotic vector. Further, pEGFP-N1-EtSAG4-16-22 multiple gene plasmid carrying EtSAG4, 16 and 22 were designed as cocktail vaccines to study integral immunoprotective effects. Western blot and RT-PCR (reverse transcription) assay were performed to verify expressions of EtSAG16 and 22 genes. Immunoprotective effects of recombinant protein or DNA vaccine were evaluated using different doses (50 or 100 μg) in vivo. All chickens in the vaccination group showed higher cytokine concentration (IFN-γ and IL-17), raised IgY antibody level, increased weight gain, lower caecum lesion score and reduced oocyst shedding compared with infection control groups (p < 0.05). The highest anticoccidial index (ACI) value 173.11 was from the pEGFP-N1-EtSAG4-16-22 plasmid (50 μg) group. In conclusion, EtSAG16 and 22 might be alternative candidate genes for generating vaccines against E. tenella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Chaofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Jun Ding
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Jingshan, 431800 Hubei China
| | - Chengfeng Zhao
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Anlu, 432600 Hubei China
| | - Yingjun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Yanli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Yanqin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Rui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
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10
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Tagawa ST. PSMA-targeted therapy in prostate cancer. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2021; 19:74-77. [PMID: 33596187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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11
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Hummel HD, Kufer P, Grüllich C, Seggewiss-Bernhardt R, Deschler-Baier B, Chatterjee M, Goebeler ME, Miller K, de Santis M, Loidl W, Dittrich C, Buck A, Lapa C, Thurner A, Wittemer-Rump S, Koca G, Boix O, Döcke WD, Finnern R, Kusi H, Ajavon-Hartmann A, Stienen S, Sayehli CM, Polat B, Bargou RC. Pasotuxizumab, a BiTE ® immune therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer: Phase I, dose-escalation study findings. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:125-141. [PMID: 33172323 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We report results of a first-in-human study of pasotuxizumab, a PSMA bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE®) immune therapy mediating T-cell killing of tumor cells in patients with advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer. Patients & methods: We assessed once-daily subcutaneous (SC) pasotuxizumab. All SC patients developed antidrug antibodies; therefore, continuous intravenous (cIV) infusion was assessed. Results: A total of 47 patients received pasotuxizumab (SC: n = 31, 0.5-172 μg/d; cIV: n = 16, 5-80 μg/d). The SC maximum tolerated dose was 172.0 μg/d. A sponsor change stopped the cIV cohort early; maximum tolerated dose was not determined. PSA responders occurred (>50% PSA decline: SC, n = 9; cIV, n = 3), including two long-term responders. Conclusion: Data support pasotuxizumab safety in advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer and represent evidence of BiTE monotherapy efficacy in solid tumors. Clinical trial registration: NCT01723475 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Antibodies, Bispecific/immunology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Bispecific/therapeutic use
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II/immunology
- Immunotherapy
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Maximum Tolerated Dose
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/blood
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/immunology
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/therapy
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst-Dieter Hummel
- Translational Oncology/Early Clinical Trial Unit (ECTU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kufer
- Research and Development, Amgen Research Munich GmbH, Staffelseestr. 2, 81477, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Grüllich
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany; & Department of Oncology & Hematology, University Hospital Dresden, Haus 27, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ruth Seggewiss-Bernhardt
- Translational Oncology/Early Clinical Trial Unit (ECTU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik V, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Buger Str. 80, 96049, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Deschler-Baier
- Translational Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manik Chatterjee
- Translational Oncology/Early Clinical Trial Unit (ECTU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria-Elisabeth Goebeler
- Translational Oncology/Early Clinical Trial Unit (ECTU), Medizinische Klinik II, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Miller
- Department of Urology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz. 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria de Santis
- Department of Urology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz. 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Urology, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20; 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Loidl
- Department of Urology, Ordensklinikum Linz GmbH Elisabethinen, Fadingerstr. 1, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Christian Dittrich
- Applied Cancer Research-Institution for Translational Research Vienna (ACR-ITR VIEnna) & Center for Oncology & Hematology, Kaiser Franz Josef-Spital, Bernardgasse 24/2, 1070, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Annette Thurner
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Gökben Koca
- Bayer AG, SBU Oncology, Pharmaceuticals, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Boix
- Bayer AG, SBU Oncology, Pharmaceuticals, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ricarda Finnern
- Bayer AG, SBU Oncology, Pharmaceuticals, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Kusi
- Bayer AG, SBU Oncology, Pharmaceuticals, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Stienen
- Research and Development, Amgen Research Munich GmbH, Staffelseestr. 2, 81477, Munich, Germany
| | - Cyrus Michael Sayehli
- Translational Oncology/Early Clinical Trial Unit (ECTU), Medizinische Klinik II, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bülent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ralf C Bargou
- Translational Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Dela Cruz Chuh J, Go M, Chen Y, Guo J, Rafidi H, Mandikian D, Sun Y, Lin Z, Schneider K, Zhang P, Vij R, Sharpnack D, Chan P, de la Cruz C, Sadowsky J, Seshasayee D, Koerber JT, Pillow TH, Phillips GD, Rowntree RK, Boswell CA, Kozak KR, Polson AG, Polakis P, Yu SF, Dragovich PS, Agard NJ. Preclinical optimization of Ly6E-targeted ADCs for increased durability and efficacy of anti-tumor response. MAbs 2021; 13:1862452. [PMID: 33382956 PMCID: PMC7784788 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1862452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early success with brentuximab vedotin in treating classical Hodgkin lymphoma spurred an influx of at least 20 monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) into clinical trials. While three MMAE-ADCs have been approved, most of these conjugates are no longer being investigated in clinical trials. Some auristatin conjugates show limited or no efficacy at tolerated doses, but even for drugs driving initial remissions, tumor regrowth and metastasis often rapidly occur. Here we describe the development of second-generation therapeutic ADCs targeting Lymphocyte antigen 6E (Ly6E) where the tubulin polymerization inhibitor MMAE (Compound 1) is replaced with DNA-damaging agents intended to drive increased durability of response. Comparison of a seco-cyclopropyl benzoindol-4-one (CBI)-dimer (compound 2) to MMAE showed increased potency, activity across more cell lines, and resistance to efflux by P-glycoprotein, a drug transporter commonly upregulated in tumors. Both anti-Ly6E-CBI and -MMAE conjugates drove single-dose efficacy in xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models, but seco-CBI-dimer conjugates showed reduced tumor outgrowth following multiple weeks of treatment, suggesting that they are less susceptible to developing resistance. In parallel, we explored approaches to optimize the targeting antibody. In contrast to immunization with recombinant Ly6E or Ly6E DNA, immunization with virus-like particles generated a high-affinity anti-Ly6E antibody. Conjugates to this antibody improve efficacy versus a previous clinical candidate both in vitro and in vivo with multiple cytotoxics. Conjugation of compound 2 to the second-generation antibody results in a substantially improved ADC with promising preclinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Dela Cruz Chuh
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - MaryAnn Go
- Research biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne Chen
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jun Guo
- Research biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hanine Rafidi
- Preclinical & Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Mandikian
- Preclinical & Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yonglian Sun
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhonghua Lin
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kellen Schneider
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pamela Zhang
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rajesh Vij
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Sharpnack
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pamela Chan
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jack Sadowsky
- Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dhaya Seshasayee
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James T. Koerber
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas H. Pillow
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C. Andrew Boswell
- Preclinical & Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine R. Kozak
- Departments of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul Polakis
- Research biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Research biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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13
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Couto de Carvalho LA, Tosta Dos Santos SL, Sacramento LV, de Almeida VR, de Aquino Xavier FC, Dos Santos JN, Gomes Henriques Leitão ÁC. Mesenchymal stem cell markers in periodontal tissues and periapical lesions. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151636. [PMID: 33132168 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by the potential to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, high proliferation rates, and self-renewal capacity, in addition to the ability to maintain their undifferentiated state. These cells have been identified in physiological oral tissues such as pulp tissue, dental follicle, apical papilla and periodontal ligament, as well as in pathological situations such as chronic periapical lesions (CPLs). The criteria used for the identification of MSCs include the positive expression of specific surface antigens, with CD73, CD90, CD105, CD44, CD146, STRO-1, CD166, NANOG and OCT4 being the most specific for these cells. AIM The aim of this review was to explore the literature on markers able to identify MSCs as well as the presence of these cells in the healthy periodontal ligament and CPLs, highlighting their role in regenerative medicine and implications in the progression of these lesions. METHODS Narrative literature review searching the PubMed and Medline databases. Articles published in English between 1974 and 2020 were retrieved. CONCLUSION The included studies confirmed the presence of MSCs in the healthy periodontal ligament and in CPLs. Several surface markers are used for the characterization of these cells which, although not specific, are effective in cell recognition. Mesenchymal stem cells participate in tissue repair, exerting anti- inflammatory, immunosuppressive and proangiogenic effects, and are therefore involved in the progression and attenuation of CPLs or even in the persistence of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Postgraduation Program in Dentistry and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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14
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Pfaender S, Mar KB, Michailidis E, Kratzel A, Boys IN, V'kovski P, Fan W, Kelly JN, Hirt D, Ebert N, Stalder H, Kleine-Weber H, Hoffmann M, Hoffmann HH, Saeed M, Dijkman R, Steinmann E, Wight-Carter M, McDougal MB, Hanners NW, Pöhlmann S, Gallagher T, Todt D, Zimmer G, Rice CM, Schoggins JW, Thiel V. LY6E impairs coronavirus fusion and confers immune control of viral disease. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:1330-1339. [PMID: 32704094 PMCID: PMC7916999 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0769-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Zoonotic coronaviruses (CoVs) are substantial threats to global health, as exemplified by the emergence of two severe acute respiratory syndrome CoVs (SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) within two decades1-3. Host immune responses to CoVs are complex and regulated in part through antiviral interferons. However, interferon-stimulated gene products that inhibit CoVs are not well characterized4. Here, we show that lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus E (LY6E) potently restricts infection by multiple CoVs, including SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV. Mechanistic studies revealed that LY6E inhibits CoV entry into cells by interfering with spike protein-mediated membrane fusion. Importantly, mice lacking Ly6e in immune cells were highly susceptible to a murine CoV-mouse hepatitis virus. Exacerbated viral pathogenesis in Ly6e knockout mice was accompanied by loss of hepatic immune cells, higher splenic viral burden and reduction in global antiviral gene pathways. Accordingly, we found that constitutive Ly6e directly protects primary B cells from murine CoV infection. Our results show that LY6E is a critical antiviral immune effector that controls CoV infection and pathogenesis. These findings advance our understanding of immune-mediated control of CoV in vitro and in vivo-knowledge that could help inform strategies to combat infection by emerging CoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Pfaender
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrina B Mar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eleftherios Michailidis
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annika Kratzel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ian N Boys
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Philip V'kovski
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wenchun Fan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jenna N Kelly
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dagny Hirt
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Ebert
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hanspeter Stalder
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Kleine-Weber
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald Dijkman
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mary Wight-Carter
- Animal Resource Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew B McDougal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Natasha W Hanners
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tom Gallagher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Todt
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - Gert Zimmer
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - John W Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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15
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Su Y, Zhang X, Bidlingmaier S, Behrens CR, Lee NK, Liu B. ALPPL2 Is a Highly Specific and Targetable Tumor Cell Surface Antigen. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4552-4564. [PMID: 32868383 PMCID: PMC7572689 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Identification of tumor-specific cell surface antigens has proven challenging, as the vast majority of tumor-associated antigens are also expressed in normal tissues. In mesothelioma, we identified a highly specific tumor cell surface antigen that can be targeted for therapy development. Mesothelioma is caused by malignant transformation of the mesothelium, is incurable, and can be categorized into three histologic subtypes: epithelioid, biphasic, and sarcomatoid. To identity novel mesothelioma cell surface antigens with broad subtype coverage and high tissue specificity, we have previously selected phage antibody display libraries on live mesothelioma cells and tissues following counterselection on normal cells and identified a panel of human antibodies that bind all subtypes of mesothelioma, but not normal mesothelium. One of the antibodies, M25, showed high specificity against an antigen we identify here as ALPPL2. IHC on normal human tissues found that ALPPL2 is expressed only on placental trophoblasts, but not on any other normal tissues. This significant tissue specificity and broad tumor type coverage suggest that ALPPL2 could be an excellent cell surface target for therapeutic development against mesothelioma. To evaluate therapeutic potential of ALPPL2 targeting, an ALPPL2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate was developed and demonstrated potent and specific tumor killing in vitro and in vivo against both epithelioid and sarcomatoid mesothelioma. Thus, ALPPL2 belongs to a rare class of cell surface antigens classified as truly tumor specific and is well suited for therapy development against ALPPL2-expressing tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings identify ALPP2 as a true tumor-specific cell surface antigen whose tissue specificity enables the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Scott Bidlingmaier
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Christopher R Behrens
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Nam-Kyung Lee
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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16
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Srivastava P, Tzetzo SL, Gomez EC, Eng KH, Jani Sait SN, Kuechle JB, Singh PK, De Jong K, Wiatrowski KR, Peresie J, Dimitroff A, Lynch ML, Wang J, Abrams SI, Griffiths EA, Nemeth MJ. Inhibition of LSD1 in MDS progenitors restores differentiation of CD141 Hi conventional dendritic cells. Leukemia 2020; 34:2460-2472. [PMID: 32099035 PMCID: PMC7483249 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The use of immunotherapy to treat patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) shows promise but is limited by our incomplete understanding of the immunologic milieu. In solid tumors, CD141Hi conventional dendritic cells (CD141Hi cDCs) are necessary for antitumor immunosurveillance and the response to immunotherapy. Here, we found that CD141Hi cDCs are reduced in MDS bone marrow and based on the premise established in solid tumors, we hypothesized that reduced numbers of CD141Hi cDCs are associated with inferior overall survival in MDS patients. We found that MDS patients with reduced numbers of CD141Hi cDCs, but not other DC populations, showed reduced overall survival. To examine the basis for reduction in CD141Hi cDCs, we found fewer numbers of progenitors committed to DC differentiation in the MDS bone marrow and these progenitors expressed lower levels of interferon regulatory factor-8 (IRF8), a master regulator of CD141Hi cDC differentiation. To rescue impaired CD141Hi cDC differentiation, we used pharmacologic inhibition of lysine-specific demethylase 1A (LSD1) to promote CD141Hi cDC differentiation by MDS progenitors. These data reveal a previously unrecognized element of the MDS immunologic milieu. Epigenetic regulation of CD141Hi cDC differentiation offers an intriguing opportunity for intervention and a potential adjunct to immunotherapy for patients with MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Stephanie L Tzetzo
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Eduardo Cortes Gomez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Kevin H Eng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Sheila N Jani Sait
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Joseph B Kuechle
- Department of Orthopaedics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Prashant K Singh
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Kitty De Jong
- Flow and Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Kyle R Wiatrowski
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Jennifer Peresie
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Ava Dimitroff
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Miranda L Lynch
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Griffiths
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| | - Michael J Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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Di Lorenzo F, Speciale I, Silipo A, Alías-Villegas C, Acosta-Jurado S, Rodríguez-Carvajal MÁ, Dardanelli MS, Palmigiano A, Garozzo D, Ruiz-Sainz JE, Molinaro A, Vinardell JM. Structure of the unusual Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 lipopolysaccharide and its role in symbiosis. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10969-10987. [PMID: 32546484 PMCID: PMC7415993 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia are soil bacteria that form important symbiotic associations with legumes, and rhizobial surface polysaccharides, such as K-antigen polysaccharide (KPS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), might be important for symbiosis. Previously, we obtained a mutant of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103, rkpA, that does not produce KPS, a homopolysaccharide of a pseudaminic acid derivative, but whose LPS electrophoretic profile was indistinguishable from that of the WT strain. We also previously demonstrated that the HH103 rkpLMNOPQ operon is responsible for 5-acetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-7-(3-hydroxybutyramido)-l-glycero-l-manno-nonulosonic acid [Pse5NAc7(3OHBu)] production and is involved in HH103 KPS and LPS biosynthesis and that an HH103 rkpM mutant cannot produce KPS and displays an altered LPS structure. Here, we analyzed the LPS structure of HH103 rkpA, focusing on the carbohydrate portion, and found that it contains a highly heterogeneous lipid A and a peculiar core oligosaccharide composed of an unusually high number of hexuronic acids containing β-configured Pse5NAc7(3OHBu). This pseudaminic acid derivative, in its α-configuration, was the only structural component of the S. fredii HH103 KPS and, to the best of our knowledge, has never been reported from any other rhizobial LPS. We also show that Pse5NAc7(3OHBu) is the complete or partial epitope for a mAb, NB6-228.22, that can recognize the HH103 LPS, but not those of most of the S. fredii strains tested here. We also show that the LPS from HH103 rkpM is identical to that of HH103 rkpA but devoid of any Pse5NAc7(3OHBu) residues. Notably, this rkpM mutant was severely impaired in symbiosis with its host, Macroptilium atropurpureum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Immacolata Speciale
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marta S Dardanelli
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto-INBIAS, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Angelo Palmigiano
- Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali IPCB, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catania, Italy
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali IPCB, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - José-María Vinardell
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
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18
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Delgado-Chaves FM, Gómez-Vela F, Divina F, García-Torres M, Rodriguez-Baena DS. Computational Analysis of the Global Effects of Ly6E in the Immune Response to Coronavirus Infection Using Gene Networks. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E831. [PMID: 32708319 PMCID: PMC7397019 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene networks have arisen as a promising tool in the comprehensive modeling and analysis of complex diseases. Particularly in viral infections, the understanding of the host-pathogen mechanisms, and the immune response to these, is considered a major goal for the rational design of appropriate therapies. For this reason, the use of gene networks may well encourage therapy-associated research in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, orchestrating experimental scrutiny and reducing costs. In this work, gene co-expression networks were reconstructed from RNA-Seq expression data with the aim of analyzing the time-resolved effects of gene Ly6E in the immune response against the coronavirus responsible for murine hepatitis (MHV). Through the integration of differential expression analyses and reconstructed networks exploration, significant differences in the immune response to virus were observed in Ly6E Δ H S C compared to wild type animals. Results show that Ly6E ablation at hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) leads to a progressive impaired immune response in both liver and spleen. Specifically, depletion of the normal leukocyte mediated immunity and chemokine signaling is observed in the liver of Ly6E Δ H S C mice. On the other hand, the immune response in the spleen, which seemed to be mediated by an intense chromatin activity in the normal situation, is replaced by ECM remodeling in Ly6E Δ H S C mice. These findings, which require further experimental characterization, could be extrapolated to other coronaviruses and motivate the efforts towards novel antiviral approaches.
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Tanaka K, Kawamura M, Sakimura K, Kato N. Significance of Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Encephalitis in Relation to Antigen Localization: An Outline of Frequently Reported Autoantibodies with a Non-Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144941. [PMID: 32668637 PMCID: PMC7404295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies related to central nervous system (CNS) diseases propel research on paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS). This syndrome develops autoantibodies in combination with certain neurological syndromes and cancers, such as anti-HuD antibodies in encephalomyelitis with small cell lung cancer and anti-Yo antibodies in cerebellar degeneration with gynecological cancer. These autoantibodies have roles in the diagnosis of neurological diseases and early detection of cancers that are usually occult. Most of these autoantibodies have no pathogenic roles in neuronal dysfunction directly. Instead, antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes are thought to have direct roles in neuronal damage. The recent discoveries of autoantibodies against neuronal synaptic receptors/channels produced in patients with autoimmune encephalomyelitis have highlighted insights into our understanding of the variable neurological symptoms in this disease. It has also improved our understanding of intractable epilepsy, atypical psychosis, and some demyelinating diseases that are ameliorated with immune therapies. The production and motility of these antibodies through the blood-brain barrier into the CNS remains unknown. Most of these recently identified autoantibodies bind to neuronal and glial cell surface synaptic receptors, potentially altering the synaptic signaling process. The clinical features differ among pathologies based on antibody targets. The investigation of these antibodies provides a deeper understanding of the background of neurological symptoms in addition to novel insights into their basic neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Tanaka
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; (M.K.); (K.S.)
- Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-25-227-0624; Fax: +81-25-227-0816
| | - Meiko Kawamura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; (M.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; (M.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Nobuo Kato
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan;
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20
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Abstract
Human IgE-binding monocytes are identified as allergic disease mediators, but it is unknown whether IgE-binding monocytes promote or prevent an allergic response. We identified IgE-binding monocytes in equine peripheral blood as IgE+/MHCIIhigh/CD14low cells that bind IgE through an FcεRI αɣ variant. IgE-binding monocytes were analyzed monthly in Culicoides hypersensitive horses and nonallergic horses living together with natural exposure to Culicoides midges. The phenotype and frequency of IgE-binding monocytes remained consistent in all horses regardless of Culicoides exposure. All horses upregulated IgE-binding monocyte CD16 expression following initial Culicoides exposure. Serum total IgE concentration and monocyte surface IgE densities were positively correlated in all horses. We also demonstrated that IgE-binding monocytes produce IL-10, but not IL-4, IL-17A, or IFN-γ, following IgE crosslinking. In conclusion, we have characterized horse IgE-binding monocytes for the first time and further studies of these cells may provide important connections between regulation and cellular mechanisms of IgE-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M. Larson
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Susanna Babasyan
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Bettina Wagner
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Abstract
Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) is an emerging imaging technology that exploits the multiplexed analysis capabilities of the CyTOF mass cytometer to make spatially resolved measurements for tissue sections. In a comprehensive view of tissue composition and marker distribution, recent developments of IMC require highly sensitive, multiplexed assays. Approaching the sensitivity of the IMC technique, we designed a novel type of biocompatible metal-labeled aptamer nanoprobe (MAP), named 167Er-A10-3.2. The small molecular probe was synthesized by conjugating 167Er-polymeric pentetic acid (167Er-DTPA) with an RNA aptamer A10-3.2. For demonstration, 167Er-A10-3.2 was applied for observing protein spatial distribution on prostatic epithelium cell of paraffin embedded Prostatic adenocarcinoma (PaC) tissue sections by IMC technology. The 167Er-A10-3.2 capitalizes on the ability of the aptamer to specifically bind target cancer cells as well as the small size of 167Er-A10-3.2 can accommodate multiple aptamer binding antigen labeled at high density. The detection signal of 167Er-A10-3.2 probe was 3-fold higher than that of PSMA antibody probe for a targeted cell under lower temperature epitope retrieval (37 °C) of PaC tissue. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrated the simultaneously staining ability of aptamer probes in IMC analysis. The successful imaging acquisition using aptamers probes in IMC technology may offer opportunity for the diagnosis of malignancies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyi Yu
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jingqi Dang
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shanhe Li
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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22
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de Vries DH, Matzaraki V, Bakker OB, Brugge H, Westra HJ, Netea MG, Franke L, Kumar V, van der Wijst MGP. Integrating GWAS with bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals a role for LY86 in the anti-Candida host response. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008408. [PMID: 32251450 PMCID: PMC7173933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida bloodstream infection, i.e. candidemia, is the most frequently encountered life-threatening fungal infection worldwide, with mortality rates up to almost 50%. In the majority of candidemia cases, Candida albicans is responsible. Worryingly, a global increase in the number of patients who are susceptible to infection (e.g. immunocompromised patients), has led to a rise in the incidence of candidemia in the last few decades. Therefore, a better understanding of the anti-Candida host response is essential to overcome this poor prognosis and to lower disease incidence. Here, we integrated genome-wide association studies with bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analyses of immune cells stimulated with Candida albicans to further our understanding of the anti-Candida host response. We show that differential expression analysis upon Candida stimulation in single-cell expression data can reveal the important cell types involved in the host response against Candida. This confirmed the known major role of monocytes, but more interestingly, also uncovered an important role for NK cells. Moreover, combining the power of bulk RNA-seq with the high resolution of single-cell RNA-seq data led to the identification of 27 Candida-response QTLs and revealed the cell types potentially involved herein. Integration of these response QTLs with a GWAS on candidemia susceptibility uncovered a potential new role for LY86 in candidemia susceptibility. Finally, experimental follow-up confirmed that LY86 knockdown results in reduced monocyte migration towards the chemokine MCP-1, thereby implying that this reduced migration may underlie the increased susceptibility to candidemia. Altogether, our integrative systems genetics approach identifies previously unknown mechanisms underlying the immune response to Candida infection. Candida albicans is a fungus that can cause a life-threatening infection in individuals with an impaired immune system. To improve the prognosis and treatment of patients with such an infection, a better understanding of an individual’s immune response against Candida is required. However, small patient group sizes have limited our ability to gain such understanding. Here we show that integrating many different data layers can improve the sensitivity to detect the effects of genetics on the response to Candida infection and the roles different immune cell types have herein. Using this approach, we were able to prioritize genes that are associated with an increased risk of developing systemic Candida infections. We expand on the gene with the strongest risk association, LY86, and describe a potential mechanism through which this gene affects the immune response against Candida infection. Through experimental follow-up, we provided additional insights into how this gene is associated with an increased risk to develop a Candida infection. We expect that our approach can be generalized to other infectious diseases for which small patient group sizes have restricted our ability to unravel the disease mechanism in more detail. This will provide new opportunities to identify treatment targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan H. de Vries
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Matzaraki
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Olivier B. Bakker
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Brugge
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (LF); (MGPVDW)
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Monique G. P. van der Wijst
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (LF); (MGPVDW)
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23
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Ding Y, Cao Q, Qian S, Chen X, Xu Y, Chen J, Shen H. Optimized Anti-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Single-Chain Variable Fragment-Loaded Nanobubbles as a Novel Targeted Ultrasound Contrast Agent for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. J Ultrasound Med 2020; 39:761-773. [PMID: 31702068 PMCID: PMC7155035 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prepare optimized prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) single-chain variable fragment (scFv)-loaded nanobubbles (NBs) as a novel targeted ultrasound (US) contrast agent for diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS Prostate-specific membrane antigen scFv-loaded NBs were prepared by membrane hydration and biotin-streptavidin conjugation. Flow cytometry was used to observe the binding rate of the targeted NBs to PSMA-expressing cells. Contrast-enhanced US was used to monitor targeted and nontargeted NBs administered to nude mice with 22RV1, LNCaP, and PC-3 xenograft tumors. The specific binding ability of the targeted NBs was further examined by fluorescence imaging of tumor cryosections. RESULTS Uniformly sized targeted NBs were successfully prepared (mean ± SD, 485.3 ± 28.4 nm). The NBs showed good stability and bound specifically to LNCaP and 22RV1 cells with high PSMA expression in vitro but did not bind to PC-3 cells without PSMA expression. The targeted NBs presented good US enhancement, and the results of the in vivo xenograft tumor nude mouse model showed that the peak contrast intensity in LNCaP and 22RV1 cells was significantly higher for the targeted NBs than the nontargeted NBs (P < .05), whereas there was no significant difference in PC-3 cells. Immunofluorescence results obtained from tumor sections confirmed that the targeted NBs were capable of targeting PSMA-expressing tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS These novel PSMA scFv-loaded NBs have proven to be an excellent US contrast agent for imaging PSMA-expressing PCa and have the potential to not only enable efficient and safe molecular imaging but also to serve as a delivery system for targeted PCa therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qifeng Cao
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Subo Qian
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Zhejiang California International NanoSystems InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuhong Xu
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Chen
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Haibo Shen
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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24
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Knödlseder JM, Fell SF, Straubinger RK. A study with a commercial vaccine against Lyme borreliosis in horses using two different vaccination schedules: Characterization of the humoral immune response. Vaccine 2019; 37:7207-7212. [PMID: 31635975 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A total of 143 horses were included in a study to test a commercial vaccine against Lyme borreliosis. The vaccine contained three different antigens (outer surface protein A, OspA) to prevent the infection with spirochetes - B.burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii and B. garinii. Horses in Group A (49 animals) received two vaccinations on days 0 and 14 and a booster on day 365, whereas 50 horses in Group B received an additional booster vaccination on day 180. Group C (44 animals) was not immunized. Total antibody levels and specific OspA antibody responses were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively in two-month intervals over 13-month period. Vaccinees in Groups A and B developed high OspA antibodies levels, whereas horses in Group C did not show specific antibody responses. The additional vaccination applied in Group B enhanced the specific OspA antibody response significantly and prevented its rapid decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin M Knödlseder
- Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Shari F Fell
- Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard K Straubinger
- Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
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25
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Iizuka T. [Recent progress in autoimmune encephalitis and its related disorders]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2019; 59:491-501. [PMID: 31341132 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
After the discovery of a series of autoantibodies against neuronal cell surface antigens (NSAs) of the CNS in the past 10 years, the concept of encephalitis has changed dramatically. Accordingly, a practical, syndrome-based diagnostic approach to autoimmune encephalitis was proposed in 2016. These autoantibodies have also been identified in a subset of overlapping encephalitis and demyelinating syndrome, epilepsy, first episode psychosis, movement disorders, post-herpes simplex encephalitis, progressive dementia, postpartum psychosis, stiff-person spectrum disorders, or non-REM/REM sleep behavior disorder. Although not all neuronal antibody tests are available in Japan, we have entered a new era that we have to make a correct diagnosis and start appropriate immunotherapy based on initial neurological assessment and conventional tests, without being constrained by conventional fixed ideas or normal-appearing brain MRIs while waiting for neuronal antibody test results. Although many issues need to be resolved in Japan in terms of diagnosis and treatment in autoimmune encephalitis, this review focusses on recent progress in autoimmune encephalitis and its related disorders closely related to clinical practice, including Hashimoto encephalopathy and new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iizuka
- Department of Neurology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
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26
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Gabrielsen ISM, Helgeland H, Akselsen H, D. Aass HC, Sundaram AYM, Snowhite IV, Pugliese A, Flåm ST, Lie BA. Transcriptomes of antigen presenting cells in human thymus. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218858. [PMID: 31261375 PMCID: PMC6602790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the thymus play an essential role in the establishment of central tolerance, i.e. the generation of a repertoire of functional and self-tolerant T cells to prevent autoimmunity. In this study, we have compared the transcriptomes of four primary APCs from human thymus (mTECs, CD19+ B cells, CD141+ and CD123+ DCs). We investigated a set of genes including the HLA genes, genes encoding transcriptional regulators and finally, tissue-enriched genes, i.e, genes with a five-fold higher expression in a particular human tissue. We show that thymic CD141+ DCs express the highest levels of all classical HLA genes and 67% (14/21) of the HLA class I and II pathway genes investigated in this study. CD141+ DCs also expressed the highest levels of the transcriptional regulator DEAF1, whereas AIRE and FEZF2 expression were mainly found in primary human mTECs. We found expression of "tissue enriched genes" from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) in all four APC types, but the mTECs were clearly dominating in the number of uniquely expressed tissue enriched genes (20% in mTECs, 7% in CD19+ B cells, 4% in CD123+ DCs and 2% in CD141+ DCs). The tissue enriched genes also overlapped with reported human autoantigens. This is, to our knowledge, the first study that performs RNA sequencing of mTECs, CD19+ B cells, CD141+ and CD123+ DCs isolated from the same individuals and provides insight into the transcriptomes of these human thymic APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild S. M. Gabrielsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Helgeland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Akselsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Christian D. Aass
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arvind Y. M. Sundaram
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isaac V. Snowhite
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alberto Pugliese
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Siri T. Flåm
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte A. Lie
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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27
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Smith RE, Salamaga B, Szkuta P, Hajdamowicz N, Prajsnar TK, Bulmer GS, Fontaine T, Kołodziejczyk J, Herry JM, Hounslow AM, Williamson MP, Serror P, Mesnage S. Decoration of the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen EPA is essential for virulence, cell surface charge and interaction with effectors of the innate immune system. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007730. [PMID: 31048927 PMCID: PMC6497286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen with an intrinsically high resistance to lysozyme, a key effector of the innate immune system. This high level of resistance requires a complex network of transcriptional regulators and several genes (oatA, pgdA, dltA and sigV) acting synergistically to inhibit both the enzymatic and cationic antimicrobial peptide activities of lysozyme. We sought to identify novel genes modulating E. faecalis resistance to lysozyme. Random transposon mutagenesis carried out in the quadruple oatA/pgdA/dltA/sigV mutant led to the identification of several independent insertions clustered on the chromosome. These mutations were located in a locus referred to as the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (EPA) variable region located downstream of the highly conserved epaA-epaR genes proposed to encode a core synthetic machinery. The epa variable region was previously proposed to be responsible for EPA decorations, but the role of this locus remains largely unknown. Here, we show that EPA decoration contributes to resistance towards charged antimicrobials and underpins virulence in the zebrafish model of infection by conferring resistance to phagocytosis. Collectively, our results indicate that the production of the EPA rhamnopolysaccharide backbone is not sufficient to promote E. faecalis infections and reveal an essential role of the modification of this surface polymer for enterococcal pathogenesis. Enterococcus faecalis is a commensal bacterium colonizing the gastro-intestinal tract of humans. This organism can cause life-threatening opportunistic infections and represents a reservoir for the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes such as resistance to vancomycin. E. faecalis strains responsible for nosocomial infections are also found in healthy individuals and the virulence factors identified so far are not strictly associated with clinical isolates. The molecular basis underpinning E. faecalis infections therefore remains unclear. In this work, we identify several mutations clustered on the chromosome, which play a role in the resistance of E. faecalis to effectors of the innate immune system such as lysozyme and bile salts. We show that the corresponding genes contribute to the decoration of a conserved polysaccharide called the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen and that this decoration is essential for E. faecalis virulence. This mechanism critical for pathogenesis represents an attractive therapeutic target to control enterococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Smith
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Bartłomiej Salamaga
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Piotr Szkuta
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Hajdamowicz
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz K. Prajsnar
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory S. Bulmer
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Justyna Kołodziejczyk
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Marie Herry
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Andrea M. Hounslow
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mike P. Williamson
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Pascale Serror
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
- * E-mail: (PS); (SM)
| | - Stéphane Mesnage
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PS); (SM)
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28
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McCaffery JN, Fonseca JA, Singh B, Cabrera-Mora M, Bohannon C, Jacob J, Arévalo-Herrera M, Moreno A. A Multi-Stage Plasmodium vivax Malaria Vaccine Candidate Able to Induce Long-Lived Antibody Responses Against Blood Stage Parasites and Robust Transmission-Blocking Activity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:135. [PMID: 31119106 PMCID: PMC6504793 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria control and interventions including long-lasting insecticide-treated nets, indoor residual spraying, and intermittent preventative treatment in pregnancy have resulted in a significant reduction in the number of Plasmodium falciparum cases. Considerable efforts have been devoted to P. falciparum vaccines development with much less to P. vivax. Transmission-blocking vaccines, which can elicit antibodies targeting Plasmodium antigens expressed during sexual stage development and interrupt transmission, offer an alternative strategy to achieve malaria control. The post-fertilization antigen P25 mediates several functions essential to ookinete survival but is poorly immunogenic in humans. Previous clinical trials targeting this antigen have suggested that conjugation to a carrier protein could improve the immunogenicity of P25. Here we report the production, and characterization of a vaccine candidate composed of a chimeric P. vivax Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (cPvMSP1) genetically fused to P. vivax P25 (Pvs25) designed to enhance CD4+ T cell responses and its assessment in a murine model. We demonstrate that antibodies elicited by immunization with this chimeric protein recognize both the erythrocytic and sexual stages and are able to block the transmission of P. vivax field isolates in direct membrane-feeding assays. These findings provide support for the continued development of multi-stage transmission blocking vaccines targeting the life-cycle stage responsible for clinical disease and the sexual-stage development accountable for disease transmission simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N. McCaffery
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jairo A. Fonseca
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Balwan Singh
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Monica Cabrera-Mora
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Caitlin Bohannon
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Joshy Jacob
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Myriam Arévalo-Herrera
- Caucaseco Scientific Research Center, Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Cali, Colombia
| | - Alberto Moreno
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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29
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Noon JB, Schwarz EM, Ostroff GR, Aroian RV. A highly expressed intestinal cysteine protease of Ancylostoma ceylanicum protects vaccinated hamsters from hookworm infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007345. [PMID: 31009474 PMCID: PMC6497320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human hookworms (Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Ancylostoma ceylanicum) are intestinal blood-feeding parasites that infect ~500 million people worldwide and are among the leading causes of iron-deficiency anemia in the developing world. Drugs are useful against hookworm infections, but hookworms rapidly reinfect people, and the parasites can develop drug resistance. Therefore, having a hookworm vaccine would be of tremendous benefit. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We investigated the vaccine efficacy in outbred Syrian hamsters of three A. ceylanicum hookworm antigen candidates from two classes of proteins previously identified as promising vaccine candidates. These include two intestinally-enriched, putatively secreted cathepsin B cysteine proteases (AceyCP1, AceyCPL) and one small Kunitz-type protease inhibitor (AceySKPI3). Recombinant proteins were produced in Pichia pastoris, and adsorbed to Alhydrogel. Recombinant AceyCPL (rAceyCPL)/Alhydrogel and rAceySKPI3/Alhydrogel induced high serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers in 8/8 vaccinates, but were not protective. rAceyCP1/Alhydrogel induced intermediate serum IgG titers in ~60% of vaccinates in two different trials. rAceyCP1 serum IgG responders had highly significantly decreased hookworm burdens, fecal egg counts and clinical pathology compared to Alhydrogel controls and nonresponders. Protection was highly correlated with rAceyCP1 serum IgG titer. Antisera from rAceyCP1 serum IgG responders, but not nonresponders or rAceyCPL/Alhydrogel vaccinates, significantly reduced adult A. ceylanicum motility in vitro. Furthermore, rAceyCP1 serum IgG responders had canonical Th2-specific recall responses (IL4, IL5, IL13) in splenocytes stimulated ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These findings indicate that rAceyCP1 is a promising vaccine candidate and validates a genomic/transcriptomic approach to human hookworm vaccine discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B. Noon
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Erich M. Schwarz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Gary R. Ostroff
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Raffi V. Aroian
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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30
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Abou El Dahab MM, Shahat SM, Mahmoud SSM, Mahana NA. In vitro effect of curcumin on Schistosoma species viability, tegument ultrastructure and egg hatchability. Exp Parasitol 2019; 199:1-8. [PMID: 30790572 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains a severe problem of public health in developing countries. The development of resistance to praziquantel (PZQ) has justified the search for new alternative chemotherapies with new formulations, more effective, and without adverse effects. Curcumin (CUR), the major phenolic compound present in rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), has been traditionally used against various diseases including parasitic infections. Here, the antischistosomal activity of CUR (50-500 μM), evaluated in parallel against S. mansoni and S. haematobium adult worms, appeared significant (P < 0.05 to < 0.0001) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Two h incubation with CUR (500 μM) caused 100% irreversible killing of both schistosomal species. CUR (250 μM) caused the death of S. haematobium and S. mansoni worms after 2 h and 4 h, respectively. As CUR concentration decreases (50 μM), all coupled adult worms were separated into individual male and female but the worms remained viable up to 4 h. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that S. haematobium are more sensitive than S. mansoni to CUR schistosomicidal effects. In support, CUR was found to affect the antigenicity of surface membrane molecules of S. haematobium, but not S. mansoni. Of importance, CUR significantly (P < 0.05 to < 0.0001) affected S. mansoni eggs hatchability and viability, a ground for its use in chemotherapy of schistosomiasis mansoni and japonicum because of its increased bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract. The data together emphasize that CUR is a promising potential schistosomicidal drug.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Helminth/immunology
- Antigens, Helminth/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/isolation & purification
- Cricetinae
- Curcumin/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Intestine, Small/parasitology
- Liver/parasitology
- Male
- Mesocricetus
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Ovum/drug effects
- Ovum/physiology
- Schistosoma haematobium/drug effects
- Schistosoma haematobium/immunology
- Schistosoma haematobium/physiology
- Schistosoma haematobium/ultrastructure
- Schistosoma mansoni/drug effects
- Schistosoma mansoni/immunology
- Schistosoma mansoni/physiology
- Schistosoma mansoni/ultrastructure
- Schistosomicides/pharmacology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Abou El Dahab
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Sondos M Shahat
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | | | - Noha A Mahana
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
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31
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Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are often progressive, resulting not only in physical damage to patients but also social and economic burdens, making early diagnosis of them critical. Nuclear medicine techniques can enhance the detection of inflammation by providing functional as well as anatomical information when combined with other modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography or ultrasonography. Although small molecules and peptides were mainly used for the treatment and imaging of chronic inflammatory diseases in the past, antibodies and their fragments have also been emerging for chronic inflammatory diseases as they show high specificity to their targets and can have various biological half-lives depending on how they are engineered. In addition, imaging with antibodies or their fragments can visualize the in vivo biodistribution of the probes or help monitor therapeutic responses, thereby providing physicians with a greater understanding of drug behavior in vivo and another means of monitoring their patients. In this review, we introduce various targets and radiolabeled antibody-based probes for the molecular imaging of chronic inflammatory diseases in preclinical and clinical studies. Targets can be classified into three different categories: 1) cell-adhesion molecules, 2) surface markers on immune cells, and 3) cytokines or enzymes. The limitations and future directions of using radiolabeled antibodies for imaging inflammatory diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Lee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
| | - Emily B. Ehlerding
- Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
- Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
- Department of Radiology and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA
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32
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Elton CM, Rodriguez M, Ben Mamoun C, Lobo CA, Wright GJ. A library of recombinant Babesia microti cell surface and secreted proteins for diagnostics discovery and reverse vaccinology. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:115-125. [PMID: 30367868 PMCID: PMC6406021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne parasitic disease and blood transfusion-transmitted infection primarily caused by the apicomplexan parasite, Babesia microti. There is no licensed vaccine for B. microti and the development of a reliable serological screening test would contribute to ensuring the safety of the donated blood supply. The recent sequencing of the B. microti genome has revealed many novel genes encoding proteins that can now be tested for their suitability as subunit vaccine candidates and diagnostic serological markers. Extracellular proteins are considered excellent vaccine candidates and serological markers because they are directly exposed to the host humoral immune system, but can be challenging to express as soluble recombinant proteins. We have recently developed an approach based on a mammalian expression system that can produce large panels of functional recombinant cell surface and secreted parasite proteins. Here, we use the B. microti genome sequence to identify 54 genes that are predicted to encode surface-displayed and secreted proteins expressed during the blood stages, and show that 41 (76%) are expressed using our method at detectable levels. We demonstrate that the proteins contain conformational, heat-labile, epitopes and use them to serologically profile the kinetics of the humoral immune responses to two strains of B. microti in a murine infection model. Using sera from validated human infections, we show a concordance in the host antibody responses to B. microti infections in mouse and human hosts. Finally, we show that BmSA1 expressed in mammalian cells can elicit high antibody titres in vaccinated mice using a human-compatible adjuvant but these antibodies did not affect the pathology of infection in vivo. Our library of recombinant B. microti cell surface and secreted antigens constitutes a valuable resource that could contribute to the development of a serological diagnostic test, vaccines, and elucidate the molecular basis of host-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Elton
- Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Marilis Rodriguez
- New York Blood Center, Blood Borne Parasites, 310 E. 67th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Choukri Ben Mamoun
- Infectious Diseases, PO Box 208056, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8056, USA
| | - Cheryl A Lobo
- New York Blood Center, Blood Borne Parasites, 310 E. 67th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gavin J Wright
- Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
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33
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Santos-Cuevas C, Ferro-Flores G, García-Pérez FO, Jiménez-Mancilla N, Ramírez-Nava G, Ocampo-García B, Luna-Gutiérrez M, Azorín-Vega E, Davanzo J, Soldevilla-Gallardo I. 177Lu-DOTA-HYNIC-Lys(Nal)-Urea-Glu: Biokinetics, Dosimetry, and Evaluation in Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2018; 2018:5247153. [PMID: 30534027 PMCID: PMC6252212 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5247153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
SPECT/CT images in patients have demonstrated the ability of [99mTc]Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Lys(Nal)-Urea-Glu ([99mTc]Tc-iPSMA) to detect tumors and metastases of prostate cancer. Considering that theranostics combines the potential of therapeutic and diagnostic radionuclides in the same molecular probe, the aim of this research was to estimate the biokinetics and dosimetry of 177Lu-DOTA-HYNIC-Lys(Nal)-Urea-Glu (177Lu-iPSMA) in healthy subjects and analyze the response in patients receiving 177Lu-iPSMA therapeutic doses. 177Lu-iPSMA was obtained from lyophilized formulations with radiochemical purities >98%. Whole-body images from five healthy subjects were acquired at 20 min, 6, 24, 48, and 120 h after 177Lu-iPSMA administration (185 MBq). The image sequence was used to extrapolate the 177Lu-iPSMA time-activity curves of each organ to adjust the biokinetic model and calculate the total number of disintegrations (N) that occurred in the source regions. N data were the input for the OLINDA/EXM code to calculate internal radiation doses. Ten patients (median age: 68 y; range 58-86 y) received from 1 to 4 cycles of 177Lu-iPSMA (3.7 or 7.4 GBq) every 8-10 weeks. Response was evaluated using the 68Ga-PSMA-ligand-PET/CT or 99mTc-iPSMA-SPECT/CT diagnostic images and serum PSA levels before and after 177Lu-iPSMA treatment. The blood activity showed a half-life value of 1.1 h for the fast component (T 1/2 α = ln2/0.614), 9.2 h for the first slow component (T 1/2 β = ln2/0.075), and 79.6 h for the second slow component (T 1/2 γ = ln2/0.008). The average absorbed doses were 0.23, 0.28, 0.88, and 1.17 Gy/GBq for the spleen, liver, kidney, and salivary glands. A total of 18 cycles were performed in 10 patients. A PSA decrease and some reduction of the radiotracer uptake (SUV) in tumor lesions occurred in 60% and 70% of the patients, respectively. 177Lu-iPSMA obtained from kit formulations showed high tumor uptake with good response rates in patients. The results obtained in this study warrant further clinical studies to establish the optimal number of treatment cycles and for evaluating the effect of this therapeutic agent on survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Santos-Cuevas
- Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ), Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Guillermina Ferro-Flores
- Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ), Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco O. García-Pérez
- Departamento de Medicina Nuclear, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 14000, Mexico
| | - Nallely Jiménez-Mancilla
- CONACyT, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ), Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Ramírez-Nava
- Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ), Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Posgrado, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07340, Mexico
| | - Blanca Ocampo-García
- Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ), Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Myrna Luna-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ), Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Erika Azorín-Vega
- Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ), Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Jenny Davanzo
- Departamento de Medicina Nuclear, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 14000, Mexico
| | - Irma Soldevilla-Gallardo
- Departamento de Medicina Nuclear, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México 14000, Mexico
- Unidad de de Medicina Nuclear, Centro Médico ABC Campus Observatorio, Ciudad de México 01120, Mexico
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigid Hogan
- From the Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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35
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Dostalova S, Polanska H, Svobodova M, Balvan J, Krystofova O, Haddad Y, Krizkova S, Masarik M, Eckschlager T, Stiborova M, Heger Z, Adam V. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted Site-Directed Antibody-Conjugated Apoferritin Nanovehicle Favorably Influences In Vivo Side Effects of Doxorubicin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8867. [PMID: 29891921 PMCID: PMC5995913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe the in vivo effects of doxorubicin (DOX) encapsulated in ubiquitous protein apoferritin (APO) and its efficiency and safety in anti-tumor treatment. APODOX is both passively (through Enhanced Permeability and Retention effect) and actively targeted to tumors through prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) via mouse antibodies conjugated to the surface of horse spleen APO. To achieve site-directed conjugation of the antibodies, a HWRGWVC heptapeptide linker was used. The prostate cancer-targeted and non-targeted nanocarriers were tested using subcutaneously implanted LNCaP cells in athymic mice models, and compared to free DOX. Prostate cancer-targeted APODOX retained the high potency of DOX in attenuation of tumors (with 55% decrease in tumor volume after 3 weeks of treatment). DOX and non-targeted APODOX treatment caused damage to liver, kidney and heart tissues. In contrast, no elevation in liver or kidney enzymes and negligible changes were revealed by histological assessment in prostate cancer-targeted APODOX-treated mice. Overall, we show that the APO nanocarrier provides an easy encapsulation protocol, reliable targeting, high therapeutic efficiency and very low off-target toxicity, and is thus a promising delivery system for translation into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dostalova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, Brno, CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Polanska
- Department of Pathological Physiology and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Svobodova
- Department of Pathological Physiology and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Pathological Physiology and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
- TESCAN ORSAY HOLDING a.s., Libusina trida 863/21, Brno, CZ-623 00, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Krystofova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, Brno, CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Yazan Haddad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, Brno, CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Krizkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, Brno, CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathological Physiology and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Eckschlager
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84/1, Prague 5, CZ-150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Stiborova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, Prague 2, CZ-128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, Brno, CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, Brno, CZ-612 00, Czech Republic.
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Sparber F, Dolowschiak T, Mertens S, Lauener L, Clausen BE, Joller N, Stoitzner P, Tussiwand R, LeibundGut-Landmann S. Langerin+ DCs regulate innate IL-17 production in the oral mucosa during Candida albicans-mediated infection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007069. [PMID: 29782555 PMCID: PMC5983869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans frequently causes diseases such as oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in immunocompromised individuals. Although it is well appreciated that the cytokine IL-17 is crucial for protective immunity against OPC, the cellular source and the regulation of this cytokine during infection are still a matter of debate. Here, we directly visualized IL-17 production in the tongue of experimentally infected mice, thereby demonstrating that this key cytokine is expressed by three complementary subsets of CD90+ leukocytes: RAG-dependent αβ and γδ T cells, as well as RAG-independent ILCs. To determine the regulation of IL-17 production at the onset of OPC, we investigated in detail the myeloid compartment of the tongue and found a heterogeneous and dynamic mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) network in the infected tongue that consists of Zbtb46-Langerin- macrophages, Zbtb46+Langerin+ dendritic cells (DCs) and Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes. Of those, the Langerin+ DC population stands out by its unique capacity to co-produce the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-23, all of which promote IL-17 induction in response to C. albicans in the oral mucosa. The critical role of Langerin+ DCs for the innate IL-17 response was confirmed by depletion of this cellular subset in vivo, which compromised IL-17 induction during OPC. In conclusion, our work revealed key regulatory factors and their cellular sources of innate IL-17-dependent antifungal immunity in the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Sparber
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tamas Dolowschiak
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mertens
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Lauener
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Björn E. Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicole Joller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roxane Tussiwand
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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37
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Perry JSA, Russler-Germain EV, Zhou YW, Purtha W, Cooper ML, Choi J, Schroeder MA, Salazar V, Egawa T, Lee BC, Abumrad NA, Kim BS, Anderson MS, DiPersio JF, Hsieh CS. Transfer of Cell-Surface Antigens by Scavenger Receptor CD36 Promotes Thymic Regulatory T Cell Receptor Repertoire Development and Allo-tolerance. Immunity 2018; 48:923-936.e4. [PMID: 29752065 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of T cell tolerance in the thymus requires the presentation of host proteins by multiple antigen-presenting cell (APC) types. However, the importance of transferring host antigens from transcription factor AIRE-dependent medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) to bone marrow (BM) APCs is unknown. We report that antigen was primarily transferred from mTECs to CD8α+ dendritic cells (DCs) and showed that CD36, a scavenger receptor selectively expressed on CD8α+ DCs, mediated the transfer of cell-surface, but not cytoplasmic, antigens. The absence of CD8α+ DCs or CD36 altered thymic T cell selection, as evidenced by TCR repertoire analysis and the loss of allo-tolerance in murine allogeneic BM transplantation (allo-BMT) studies. Decreases in these DCs and CD36 expression in peripheral blood of human allo-BMT patients correlated with graft-versus-host disease. Our findings suggest that CD36 facilitates transfer of mTEC-derived cell-surface antigen on CD8α+ DCs to promote tolerance to host antigens during homeostasis and allo-BMT.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- CD36 Antigens/genetics
- CD36 Antigens/immunology
- CD36 Antigens/metabolism
- CD8 Antigens/immunology
- CD8 Antigens/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Immune Tolerance/immunology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S A Perry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emilie V Russler-Germain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - You W Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Whitney Purtha
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA
| | - Matthew L Cooper
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jaebok Choi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mark A Schroeder
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vanessa Salazar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Takeshi Egawa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Byeong-Chel Lee
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian S Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology and the Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mark S Anderson
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA
| | - John F DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Abstract
The immunophenotype of 72 cases with acute myelocytic leukemia was investigated with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. When the morphologic criteria of the FAB classification was compared with the normal myeloid and erythroid pathway of differentiation identified by MoAbs, a relationship was found with FAB M5 and M6. Moreover, a constant negativity to HLA-DR and CD15 antigens in M3 and the contemporaneous expression of HLA-DR and CD11b antigens on the M4 and M5 leukemic cells were observed. We identified phenotypically distinct groups of patients with different responses to therapy. In fact, patients whose leukemic cells did not express the HLA-DR antigen showed, in a univariate analysis, a significantly higher percentage of complete remissions than did HLA-DR-positive patients. Multivariate discriminant analysis, in line with this result, showed that the parameters of discriminant capacity were, in order of statistical significance, young age, low WBC count and the lack of DR expression, respectively. A trend for a better response to therapy, without any statistical relevance, was also observed in CD11b-negative and CD33-positive cases. Similar results were detected In patients who expressed either DR or CD11b, or none of these markers. These findings indicate that immunophenotype may identify some FAB subtypes. Moreover, in some cases the phenotypic profile can provide useful information about the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Callea
- Divisione di Ematologia, Ospedali Riuniti, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Dalmau
- From the Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic and Neuroimmunology Program, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona (J.D., F.G.), and the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.) - both in Barcelona; and the Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.D.)
| | - Francesc Graus
- From the Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic and Neuroimmunology Program, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona (J.D., F.G.), and the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (J.D.) - both in Barcelona; and the Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.D.)
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40
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Lacombe S, Bangratz M, Brizard JP, Petitdidier E, Pagniez J, Sérémé D, Lemesre JL, Brugidou C. Optimized transitory ectopic expression of promastigote surface antigen protein in Nicotiana benthamiana, a potential anti-leishmaniasis vaccine candidate. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 125:116-123. [PMID: 28803053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, plants have been shown to be an efficient alternative expression system for high-value pharmaceuticals such as vaccines. However, constitutive expression of recombinant protein remains uncertain on their level of production and biological activity. To overcome these problems, transitory expression systems have been developed. Here, a series of experiments were performed to determine the most effective conditions to enhance vaccine antigen transient accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using the promastigote surface antigen (PSA) from the parasitic protozoan Leishmania infantum. This protein has been previously identified as the major antigen of a licensed canine anti-leishmaniasis vaccine. The classical prokaryote Escherichia coli biosystem failed in accumulating PSA. Consequently, the standard plant system based on N. benthamiana has been optimized for the production of putatively active PSA. First, the RNA silencing defense mechanism set up by the plant against PSA ectopic expression was abolished by using three viral suppressors acting at different steps of the RNA silencing pathway. Then, we demonstrated that the signal peptide at the N-terminal side of the PSA is required for its accumulation. The PSA ER signaling and retention with the PSA signal peptide and the KDEL motif, respectively were optimized to significantly increase its accumulation. Finally, we demonstrate that the production of recombinant PSA in N. benthamiana leaves allows the conservation of its immunogenic property. These approaches demonstrate that based on these optimizations, plant based systems can be used to effectively produce the biological active PSA protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Lacombe
- IRD, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Environnement (IPME), 911 Avenue Agropolis BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; INERA/LMI Patho-Bios, Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
| | - Martine Bangratz
- IRD, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Environnement (IPME), 911 Avenue Agropolis BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; INERA/LMI Patho-Bios, Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
| | - Jean-Paul Brizard
- IRD, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Environnement (IPME), 911 Avenue Agropolis BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Elodie Petitdidier
- IRD, CIRAD, Interaction Hôtes-Vecteurs-Parasites-Environnement Dans Les Maladies Tropicales Négligées Dues Aux Trypanosomatidés (INTERTRYP), 911 Avenue Agropolis BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Julie Pagniez
- IRD, CIRAD, Interaction Hôtes-Vecteurs-Parasites-Environnement Dans Les Maladies Tropicales Négligées Dues Aux Trypanosomatidés (INTERTRYP), 911 Avenue Agropolis BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Drissa Sérémé
- INERA/LMI Patho-Bios, Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
| | - Jean-Loup Lemesre
- IRD, CIRAD, Interaction Hôtes-Vecteurs-Parasites-Environnement Dans Les Maladies Tropicales Négligées Dues Aux Trypanosomatidés (INTERTRYP), 911 Avenue Agropolis BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Christophe Brugidou
- IRD, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Environnement (IPME), 911 Avenue Agropolis BP64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; INERA/LMI Patho-Bios, Institut de L'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
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Michalska M, Schultze-Seemann S, Kuckuck I, Wolf P. In Vitro Evaluation of Humanized/De-immunized Anti-PSMA Immunotoxins for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Anticancer Res 2018; 38:61-69. [PMID: 29277757 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We generated humanized/de-immunized immunotoxins targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and tested their cytotoxic activity against prostate cancer cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The humanized/de-immunized version of our murine anti-PSMA single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) D7, termed hD7-1(VL-VH), was ligated to the 40-kDa toxin domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PE40), and to the deimmunized 24-kDa toxin domains PE24 or PE24mut. The immunotoxins designated as hD7-1(VL-VH)-PE40, hD7-1(VL-VH)-PE24 and hD7-1(VL-VH)-PE24mut were bacterially expressed and purified by affinity chromatography. Binding and cytotoxicity were examined by flow cytometry and viability assay, respectively. RESULTS All immunotoxins revealed strong binding to prostate cancer cells expressing PSMA and specific cytotoxicity, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values in the picomolar range. CONCLUSION We successfully created powerful anti-PSMA immunotoxins with reduced immunogenicity for further clinical development and application against advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Michalska
- Department of Urology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Schultze-Seemann
- Department of Urology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irina Kuckuck
- Department of Urology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wolf
- Department of Urology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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42
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Schreterova E, Bhide M, Potocnakova L, Borszekova Pulzova L. Design, construction and evaluation of multi-epitope antigens for diagnosis of Lyme disease. Ann Agric Environ Med 2017; 24:696-701. [PMID: 29284249 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/80699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Introduction and objective. Lyme disease (LD) is the most common vector-borne disease in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Diagnosis of LD is mainly based on clinical symptoms supported with serology (detection of anti-Borrelia antibodies) and is often misdiagnosed in areas of endemicity. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, the chimeric proteins (A/C-2, A/C-4 and A/C-7.1) consisting of B-cell epitopes of outer surface proteins OspA and OspC from Borrelia genospecies prevalent in Eastern Slovakia, were designed, over-expressed in E. coli, and used to detect specific anti-Borrelia antibodies in serologically characterized sera from patients with Lyme-like symptoms to evaluate their diagnostic potential. RESULTS Results showed that chimeras vary in their immuno-reactivity when tested with human sera. Compared with the results obtained from a two-tier test, the application of recombinant multi-epitope chimeric proteins as diagnosis antigens, produced fair agreement in the case of A/C-2 (0.20<κ<0.40) and good agreement (0.60<κ<0.80) when A/C-7.1 was used as capture antigen. Chimera A/C-4 were excluded from further study due to loss of reactivity with OspA-specific antibodies. CONCLUSIONS The combination of specific B-cell epitopes from OspA and OspC proteins may improve the diagnostic accuracy of serologic assays, but further studies are required to address this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schreterova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Lenka Potocnakova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Lucia Borszekova Pulzova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia.
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Kemp
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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44
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Bommana S, Walker E, Desclozeaux M, Timms P, Polkinghorne A. Humoral immune response against two surface antigens of Chlamydia pecorum in vaccinated and naturally infected sheep. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188370. [PMID: 29190736 PMCID: PMC5708773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia pecorum is a globally recognised livestock pathogen due to the significant clinical and economic impact it poses to livestock producers. Routine serological diagnosis is through a complement fixation test (CFT), which is often criticised for cross-reactivity, poor sensitivity and specificity. Although serology remains the preferred method in veterinary diagnostic laboratories, serological assays based on surface antigens of C. pecorum have not been established until now. In this study, we evaluated the use of two chlamydial recombinant protein antigens (PmpG and MOMP-G) by a direct IgG ELISA method for detection of ovine anti-chlamydial antibodies. Using the Pepscan method we then identified B cell epitopes across PmpG and MOMP-G proteins, in lambs with (a) naturally occurring asymptomatic C. pecorum infections (b) C. pecorum-associated polyarthritis and (c) recombinant PmpG and MOMP-G vaccine. Plasma IgG antibodies to PmpG in natural infection of lambs were detected earlier in infection than CFT and served as an acute phase marker. Antibodies to MOMP-G IgG were significantly heightened in lambs with C. pecorum-associated polyarthritis. PmpG and MOMP-G specific B-cell epitope mapping revealed epitope responses in immunised lambs cluster with some of the epitope responses in naturally infected lambs. B-cell epitope mapping further revealed that lambs with polyarthritis recognised several unique PmpG (50% frequency, peptide 8, 25, 40, 41 and 50) and MOMP (50% frequency, peptide 50) epitopes in comparison to asymptomatic infections. The findings of this study will have implications towards improved serodiagnosis of C. pecorum infections in livestock and inform the downstream development of alternative peptide-based antigens for future C. pecorum vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankhya Bommana
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Evelyn Walker
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
- Central West Local Land Services, Dubbo, Australia
| | - Marion Desclozeaux
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Peter Timms
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Adam Polkinghorne
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Yoshioka N, Deguchi M, Hagiya H, Kagita M, Tsukamoto H, Takao M, Yoshida H, Yamamoto N, Akeda Y, Nabetani Y, Maeda I, Hidaka Y, Tomono K. Durability of immunity by hepatitis B vaccine in Japanese health care workers depends on primary response titers and durations. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187661. [PMID: 29121107 PMCID: PMC5679562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health care workers (HCWs) are frequently exposed to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The efficacy and safety of immunization with the hepatitis B (HB) vaccine are well recognized, but the durability of immunity and need for booster doses in those with secondary vaccine response failure remains controversial. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study performed at Osaka University Hospital, Japan. We examined antibodies against HB surface antigen (anti-HBs) titers annually after immunization for previously non-immunized HCWs. Primary responders were categorized by their sero-positive durations as short responders (those whose anti-HBs titers declined to negative range within 3 years), and long responders (those who retained positive anti-HBs levels for 3 years and more). We re-immunized short responders with either single or 3-dose boosters, the long responders with a single booster when their titers dropped below protective levels, and examined their sero-protection rates over time thereafter. Results From 2001 to 2012, data of 264 HCWs with a median age of 25.3 were collected. The rate of anti-HBs positivity after primary vaccination were 93.0% after three doses (n = 229), 54.5% after two doses (n = 11), and 4.2% after a single dose (n = 24). Of 213 primary responders, the anti-HBs levels of 95 participants (44.6%) fell below the protective levels, including 46 short responders and 49 long responders. HCWs with higher initial anti-HBs titers after primary vaccination had significantly longer durations of sero-positivity. For short responders, 3-dose booster vaccination induced a longer duration of anti-HBs positivity compared to a single-dose booster, whereas for long responders, a single-dose booster alone could induce prolonged anti-HBs positivity. Conclusion Our preliminary data suggested that it may be useful to differentiate HB vaccine responders based on their primary response durations to maintain protective levels of anti-HBs efficiently. A randomized, prospective, large-scale study is warranted to support our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nori Yoshioka
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Matsuo Deguchi
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideharu Hagiya
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Kagita
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsukamoto
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyuki Takao
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisao Yoshida
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihisa Yamamoto
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nabetani
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Nursing Department, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuhiro Maeda
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoh Hidaka
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tomono
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Gong Y, Sasidharan N, Laheji F, Frosch M, Musolino P, Tanzi R, Kim DY, Biffi A, El Khoury J, Eichler F. Microglial dysfunction as a key pathological change in adrenomyeloneuropathy. Ann Neurol 2017; 82:813-827. [PMID: 29059709 PMCID: PMC5725816 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in ABCD1 cause the neurodegenerative disease, adrenoleukodystrophy, which manifests as the spinal cord axonopathy adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) in nearly all males surviving into adulthood. Microglial dysfunction has long been implicated in pathogenesis of brain disease, but its role in the spinal cord is unclear. METHODS We assessed spinal cord microglia in humans and mice with AMN and investigated the role of ABCD1 in microglial activity toward neuronal phagocytosis in cell culture. Because mutations in ABCD1 lead to incorporation of very-long-chain fatty acids into phospholipids, we separately examined the effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) upon microglia. RESULTS Within the spinal cord of humans and mice with AMN, upregulation of several phagocytosis-related markers, such as MFGE8 and TREM2, precedes complement activation and synapse loss. Unexpectedly, this occurs in the absence of overt inflammation. LPC C26:0 added to ABCD1-deficient microglia in culture further enhances MFGE8 expression, aggravates phagocytosis, and leads to neuronal injury. Furthermore, exposure to a MFGE8-blocking antibody reduces phagocytic activity. INTERPRETATION Spinal cord microglia lacking ABCD1 are primed for phagocytosis, affecting neurons within an altered metabolic milieu. Blocking phagocytosis or specific phagocytic receptors may alleviate synapse loss and axonal degeneration. Ann Neurol 2017;82:813-827.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gong
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Nikhil Sasidharan
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Fiza Laheji
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Matthew Frosch
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Patricia Musolino
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Rudy Tanzi
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Doo Yeon Kim
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | | | - Joseph El Khoury
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Florian Eichler
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
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Finke C, Bartels F, Lütt A, Prüss H, Harms L. High prevalence of neuronal surface autoantibodies associated with cognitive deficits in cancer patients. J Neurol 2017; 264:1968-1977. [PMID: 28785798 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of neuronal cell-surface antibodies profoundly expanded the clinical spectrum of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. Many of these syndromes are associated with impaired cognitive function, a clinical symptom that is of increasing concern in cancer patients. However, the frequency of these antibodies in cancer patients and their relation to clinical syndromes is currently unknown. Here, we investigated the prevalence of neuronal cell-surface antibodies and associated paraneoplastic neurological syndromes in 323 patients with different cancer types and in 105 controls. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples were analysed for a large panel of anti-neuronal antibodies and all patients were screened for cognitive deficits. Blood-brain barrier integrity was assessed using the age-normalized albumin cerebrospinal fluid/serum ratio. Anti-neuronal autoantibodies were observed in 24.5% of cancer patients (in contrast to 3.1% in neurological control patients without cancer and 2.5% in healthy controls) and were almost exclusively detected in serum. The majority of antibodies were directed against cell-surface antigens (75.9%), most frequently IgA/IgM isotypes targeting the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Cognitive deficits and cerebellar syndromes were significantly more prevalent in antibody-positive in comparison with antibody-negative patients (21 vs. 7%, p = 2.7 × 10-4; 11 vs. 2%, p = 3.0 × 10-3). Antibody-positive patients with cognitive deficits had a significantly increased albumin cerebrospinal fluid/serum ratio in comparison with antibody-positive patients with other neurological deficits, indicating blood-brain barrier dysfunction (49.1 × 10-3 vs. 12.0 × 10-3; p = 0.036). Our results show that anti-neuronal antibodies have a high prevalence in a wide range of different tumour types and are associated with distinct neurological deficits. Specifically, the results suggest a so far undefined cognitive paraneoplastic syndrome in patients with antibodies targeting neuronal surface antigens and concurrent blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Anti-neuronal antibodies might thus serve as a biomarker for potentially treatment-responsive cognitive impairments in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Finke
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frederik Bartels
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alva Lütt
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Prüss
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Harms
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Gould EN, Corbeil LB, Kania SA, Tolbert MK. Evaluation of surface antigen TF1.17 in feline Tritrichomonas foetus isolates. Vet Parasitol 2017; 244:144-153. [PMID: 28917306 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tritrichomonas foetus (T. foetus) is a flagellated protozoa that infects the distal ileum and proximal colon of domestic cats, as well as the urogenital tract of cattle. Feline trichomonosis is recognized as a prevalent cause of chronic diarrhea in cats worldwide. The suspected route of transmission is fecal-oral, with cats in densely crowded environments at highest risk for infection. Thus, the recommended strategy for minimizing spread of infection is to identify and isolate T. foetus-positive cats from the general population. Rapid identification of infected cats can be challenging due to the inability to accurately and quickly detect the organism in samples at point of care facilities. Thus, identification of targets for use in development of a novel diagnostic test, as well as a vaccine or therapy for T. foetus infection is a significant area of research. Despite a difference in organ tropism between T. foetus genotypes, evidence exists for conserved virulence factors between feline and bovine T. foetus. The bovine T. foetus surface antigen, TF1.17, is an adhesin that is conserved across isolates. Vaccination with the purified antigen results in amelioration of cytopathogenicity and more rapid clearance of infection in cattle. We previously showed that three feline isolates of T. foetus were positive for TF1.17 antigen so we further hypothesized that TF1.17 is conserved across feline T. foetus isolates and that this antigen would represent an attractive target for development of a novel diagnostic test or therapy for feline trichomonosis. In these studies, we used monoclonal antibodies previously generated against 1.15 and 1.17 epitopes of the bovine T. foetus TF1.17 antigen, to evaluate for the presence and role of TF1.17 in the cytopathogenicity of feline T. foetus. A previously validated in vitro co-culture approach was used to model feline T. foetus infection. Immunoblotting, immunofluorescence assays, and flow cytometric analysis confirmed the presence and surface localization of antigen TF1.17 across all feline T. foetus isolates tested. Antigen TF1.17 was notably absent in the presumably nonpathogenic intestinal trichomonad, Pentatrichomonas hominis, a parasite that can be confused microscopically with T. foetus. Similar to bovine trichomoniasis, TF1.17 was found to promote T. foetus adhesion to the intestinal epithelium. These results support further characterization and development of the TF1.17 antigen as a possible target for the diagnosis and prevention of feline T. foetus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Gould
- The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - L B Corbeil
- The University of San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, Department of Pathology, United States
| | - S A Kania
- The University of San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, Department of Pathology, United States; Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - M K Tolbert
- The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Knoxville, TN, United States.
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Nawaz S, Mullen GE, Blower PJ, Ballinger JR. A 99mTc-labelled scFv antibody fragment that binds to prostate-specific membrane antigen. Nucl Med Commun 2017; 38:666-671. [PMID: 28598898 PMCID: PMC5508854 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an extensively studied antigen for imaging prostate cancer. We prepared a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) of J591, a monoclonal antibody that recognises an external epitope of PSMA, incorporating a His-tag for labelling with Tc tricarbonyl, and evaluated its binding using human PCa cell lines. METHODS J591(scFv) was expressed in HEK-293T cells and purified by metal ion affinity chromatography, followed by size exclusion chromatography. Stability and monomer/dimer ratios of purified scFv under different storage conditions were analysed by SDS-PAGE and analytical size exclusion chromatography. J591(scFv) was labelled with (Equation is included in full-text article.)at 37°C for 60 min. The stability of Tc-scFv in human serum was analysed by SDS-PAGE with autoradiography. Cell-binding studies were carried out using PC3LN3 (PSMA negative) and PC3LN3-PSMA (a variant engineered to express PSMA) cell lines. RESULTS J591(scFv) was most stable to dimerisation on storage at -80°C compared with -20 and 4°C. Radiochemical yields of 85-90% were obtained with the final radiochemical purity of more than 99% after purification by gel filtration. In these small-scale studies, the maximum specific activity achieved was 7 MBq/μg. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry showed the formation of Tc-J591(scFv), which was radiochemically stable in serum, with no dissociation of Tc over 24 h. Cell-binding assays showed specific binding to PSMA-positive cells. CONCLUSION J591(scFv) can be radiolabelled with (Equation is included in full-text article.)conveniently and efficiently. The labelled product was stable in serum. It showed selective binding to PSMA-positive cells compared with PSMA-negative cells. This potential radiotracer warrants evaluation in PCa xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Nawaz
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London
| | - Gregory E.D. Mullen
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London
| | - Philip J. Blower
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London
| | - James R. Ballinger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
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Ben-Akiva E, Meyer RA, Wilson DR, Green JJ. Surface engineering for lymphocyte programming. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 114:102-115. [PMID: 28501510 PMCID: PMC5688954 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The once nascent field of immunoengineering has recently blossomed to include approaches to deliver and present biomolecules to program diverse populations of lymphocytes to fight disease. Building upon improved understanding of the molecular and physical mechanics of lymphocyte activation, varied strategies for engineering surfaces to activate and deactivate T-Cells, B-Cells and natural killer cells are in preclinical and clinical development. Surfaces have been engineered at the molecular level in terms of the presence of specific biological factors, their arrangement on a surface, and their diffusivity to elicit specific lymphocyte fates. In addition, the physical and mechanical characteristics of the surface including shape, anisotropy, and rigidity of particles for lymphocyte activation have been fine-tuned. Utilizing these strategies, acellular systems have been engineered for the expansion of T-Cells and natural killer cells to clinically relevant levels for cancer therapies as well as engineered to program B-Cells to better combat infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana Ben-Akiva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Randall A Meyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - David R Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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