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Behmer Hansen RT, Behmer Hansen RA, Gold JL, Blocher III WA, Palma SD, Susman SJ, Batchu S, Silva NA, Richardson AM. A Decade of Global Skull Base Researchers: Gender Data from over 2,700 Abstract Authors in the Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2024; 85:57-66. [PMID: 38274485 PMCID: PMC10807964 DOI: 10.1055/a-1978-9487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The North American Skull Base Society (NASBS) annual conference brings together skull base researchers from surgical and nonsurgical fields. Our objective was to quantify the contributions of the authors by gender, who presented their work at NASBS and were subsequently published in the Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base . Methods Oral and poster abstracts presented at the NASBS annual meeting from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020 were extracted from the Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base. The genderize.io Web application programming interface was utilized to determine authorship gender. A minority of first and last authors had departmental affiliations listed; a subgroup analysis was performed of these authors. Results Female gender was assigned to 498 (17.8%) of the 2,798 first authors and 269 (9.7%) of the 2,762 last authors. Female authorship has consistently increased over the last decade. Representation was higher in otolaryngology (23.3% of first authors, 12.1% of last authors; p = 0.018) than neurosurgery (13.5% of first authors, 4.3% of last authors; p = 0.004). Female researchers were not less likely than their male counterparts to receive prestigious oral presentations. Of the 52 total countries represented, 20 (38.5%) had at least one female first author. Representation varied dramatically between countries. Conclusion The NASBS' efforts have undoubtedly contributed to these impressive strides toward gender parity. More work is needed to ensure that the best and the brightest, regardless of background, continue to contribute to skull base surgery research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin L. Gold
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, United States
| | | | - Samantha D. Palma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Stephen J. Susman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Sai Batchu
- Independent Researcher, Camden, New Jersey, United States
| | - Nicole A. Silva
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Angela M. Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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Simma-Chiang V. Editorial Comment. Urology 2023; 180:72-73. [PMID: 37596133 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
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Sheng M, Chu A, Catic A, Hartsell L, Mehta A. Needs and Experiences of United States Female Urology Residents. Urology 2023; 180:66-73. [PMID: 37437612 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify factors influencing residency training program selection by women residents in urology and to evaluate the residents' gender-based experiences during training. Urology remains a disproportionately male-physician-dominated field. Understanding the needs and experiences of women residents is essential for developing strategies to recruit and retain more women urologists in independent practice. METHODS An anonymous, 15-item web-based electronic survey was posted on social media and distributed via institutional email addresses between May and July 2021, targeted to all 461 current women U.S. urology residents. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and thematic analysis, respectively. RESULTS 147 complete responses were received. The most important factors influencing initial residency training program selection included geographic location/setting (37%) and institutional reputation (27%), compared to number of women faculty (3.4%) and women residents (0%). However, respondents cited a need for increased presence of women faculty and mentorship (36%), elimination of gender bias/harassment in the workplace (33%), and improved family support/maternity leave policies (15%) during residency to better foster clinical and academic growth of women residents. In interactions with patients, 97% reported not being recognized as a doctor, 84% reported stereotyping of women doctors, and 78% reported experiencing inappropriate treatment/harassment from male patients. CONCLUSION Geographic setting and institutional reputation were the most important factors for residency program selection by women urology residents. Although overlooked as a priority during the initial application process, current women urology residents seek increased women faculty presence, leadership and mentorship during residency to foster clinical and academic growth. Women residents face extremely high rates of gender bias and harassment in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Sheng
- Emory Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
| | - Alice Chu
- Emory Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Almira Catic
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lindsey Hartsell
- Emory Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Akanksha Mehta
- Emory Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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Bañuelos Marco B, 't Hoen L, O'Kelly F, Dönmez MI, Haid B, Baydilli N, Sforza S, Bindi E, Lammers RJ. Primum Non Discernere: Glass Ceilings and Female Representation at the European Association of Urology and European Society for Paediatric Urology Annual Meetings, 2012-2022. EUR UROL SUPPL 2023; 52:60-65. [PMID: 37284042 PMCID: PMC10240511 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The term glass ceiling coined by Loden in 1978 is commonly used to describe difficulties faced by minorities and women when trying to move into senior roles. Objective To analyse trends and patterns for female representation at the European Association of Urology (EAU) and European Society for Paediatric Urology (ESPU) annual general meetings over the past decade. Design setting and participants We used objective data on female representation in the roles of chairs, moderators, and lecture speakers at the EAU and ESPU meetings from 2012 to 2022. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis We evaluated gender based representation in paediatric urology sessions at the EAU and ESPU meetings, collecting data on the overall number of sessions, lectures, symposiums, abstract/poster sessions, and courses, and analysed the male/female ratio. Data were derived from printed and digital programmes for the relevant meetings. Results and limitations During the period from 2012 to 2022, the percentage female representation varied from 0% (2012) to a maximum of 35% (2022) at EUA paediatric urology sessions, and from 13.5% (2014) to a maximum of 32% (2022) at ESPU meetings. Both associations show clear progression towards equality. Conclusions Female representation at EAU and ESPU meetings has risen over the years, reaching 35% and 32%, respectively, in 2022, which is in line with the number of female members. We hope that this motivates a move towards the equality objectives for 2030. A clear and fundamental societal change is needed, with fair and more consistent institutional policies and framework commitments in the areas of science, medicine, and global health. Gender equality and diversity taskforces are essential to achieve these goals. Patient summary We analysed the male/female ratio for participants in annual meetings held by the European Association of Urology and the European Society for Paediatric Urology. From a low level in 2012, the ratio increased to over 30% in 2022, in line with the female membership of the societies. Focus on fair and consistent policies is needed to ensure that women are well represented in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bañuelos Marco
- Department of Urology, Renal Transplant Division, University Hospital El Clinico, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fardod O'Kelly
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Bernhard Haid
- Ordensklinikum Linz, Barmherzige Schwestern Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Rianne J.M. Lammers
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Heaps S, Kodan A, Malik E. Continued gender imbalance on panels at urology meetings. BJU Int 2023; 131:437-439. [PMID: 36478345 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Heaps
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Asha Kodan
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ena Malik
- University of Maryland Division of Urology, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Massella V, Sinha M, Pietropaolo A, Geraghty R, Cresswell MJ, Philip J, Shrotri N, Somani BK. Ethnic and gender trends at the annual British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) meeting: A review of BAUS programmes over a 13-year period (2009–2021). JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/20514158221101760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: In this paper, we wanted to review the annual British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) programme to analyse the female and ethnic minority (EM) representation and find out whether there is ethnic and gender disparity, and if it does reflect the reality of the workforce. Methods: To investigate gender and EM representation, we requested data for BAUS annual meetings over a 13-year period (2009–2021). All speakers and chairpersons for all four sub-sections including Endourology, Oncology, Andrology and Female, Neurological and Urodynamic urology (FNUU) were collated. We also looked at the geographic distribution of the speakers (London area, rest of England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales). Data were analysed separately before and after the COVID-19 pandemic (cut-off March 2020), as in the latter 2 years, the meeting was held virtually. Results: A total of 2569 speakers (range: 135–323 speakers/year) were included in our analysis and 2187 (85%) speakers were from the United Kingdom. Of the UK speakers, more than three-quarters (76.6%, n = 1676) were males and females of White ethnicity and (23.4%, n = 511) were EM. The vast majority of speakers throughout the years were males (86%, n = 1891) with only 14% ( n = 296) females regardless of their origin and ethnicity. The presence of EM females was only 1.9% ( n = 43). The percentage of female representation rose consistently over time from 6.7% ( n = 8) in 2009 to 21.1% ( n = 44) in 2020, suggesting an upward trend. Regional distribution showed 31%, 63%, 3.6%, 1.6% and 0.2% from London, Rest of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, respectively. Both gender and EM representation doubled in the last 2 years during the pandemic ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Annual BAUS meetings have seen a higher proportion of ethnic and gender representation in recent years. However, considering the workforce within urology, more needs to be done to address this historical disparity. Hopefully, the BAUS 10-point programme will provide a framework for addressing Equality, Diversity and Inclusion issues related to this bias. Level of evidence: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nitin Shrotri
- Consultant Urologist, Chaucer hospital, Canterbury, UK
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Vollstedt A, Hougen HY, Gupta P, Johans C, Baldea KG. Gender-Based Pay Gap in Urology: A Review of the Literature and Potential Solutions. Urology 2022; 168:21-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dullea AD, Gonzalez DC, Reddy R, Diaz P, Zucker I, Delgado J, Nackeeran S, Blachmann-Braun R, Jones L, Sathe A, Reddy N, Martin L, Syan R, Ramasamy R. Do Women Have a Seat at the Table: Trends in Female Representation Among the Board of Directors in American Urological Association Subspecialty Societies. Cureus 2022; 14:e22502. [PMID: 35371808 PMCID: PMC8946929 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although women remain vastly underrepresented in urology, the proportion of female urology residents and practicing urologists has steadily increased over the last four decades. However, it remains critical to evaluate the representation of females in the pipeline when examining trainees and practicing urologists. As it pertains to leadership positions, the gender distribution among the board of directors (BOD) and committee chairs in the American Urological Association (AUA) subspecialties has not been studied to date. Therefore, we plan to analyze the proportion of females among the BOD and committee chairs in different subspecialty societies recognized by the AUA over time. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional observational study, quantitatively comparing the composition of gender in BOD and Committee Chair members belonging to different AUA-recognized subspecialty societies from 2014 to 2020. The websites for each subspecialty society were searched and contacted. Results We evaluated BODs from 10 AUA subspecialty societies and committee chair members from 6 AUA subspecialty societies. From 2014 to 2020, the total proportion of female BOD amongst all AUA sub-specialty societies did not change significantly, with a small increase from 10.6% (n = 29) to 13.5% (n = 36). However, female representation among committee chair members significantly increased from 9.8% (n = 20) to 19.2% (n = 44; p = 0.006), along with the total number of women in urology, from 897 (8.9%) to 1,375 (10.3%). Increases in female representation were seen in the Society for the Study of Male Reproduction (SSMR) from 0% to 9% and in the Indian American Urological Association (IAUA) from 4% to 13%. Of note, there were no elected female board members in the Society of Urologic Oncology (SUO) or the Urologic Society for Transplantation and Renal Surgery (USTRS) from 2014 to 2020. Conclusion Females remain a minority in leadership positions at AUA sub-specialty societies despite increased female representation in recent years. Future efforts should promote the advancement of women to positions of leadership to reflect the changing landscape of the urology workforce and surgical specialties.
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Ali AH, Awada H, Nassereldine H, Zeineddine M, Sater ZA, El-Hajj A, Mukherji D. Prostate cancer in the Arab world: Bibliometric review and research priority recommendations. Arab J Urol 2022; 20:81-87. [PMID: 35530565 PMCID: PMC9067956 DOI: 10.1080/2090598x.2021.2024984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To conduct a scoping review examining the status of prostate cancer research in Arab countries and
systematically map publications across the cancer care pathway.
Prostate cancer incidence has been rising in the Arab world and
tackling its increasing burden will require evidence-based policies. Methods We searched Medline, PubMed and Scopus for peer-reviewed publications related to both our research topic and countries of interest by using controlled vocabulary and keywords. Search results were limited for the period between 2000 and 2020, screened for duplicates, and then included in our study based on pre-specified eligibility criteria. We used a structured data extraction form to extract information related to the article, its methodology, its cancer care pathway, funding status, and authorship. Results A total of 4142 publications were retrieved from our search, of which 874 articles remained after applying eligibility criteria. Trends show a steady increase in prostate cancer research in the Arab world. Most studies were focussed on diagnosis and treatment, whereas a lack in studies concerning screening and prevention, as well as epidemiological data, was evident. Most studies were not funded and had no female author. Country gross domestic product and population were positively correlated with its research output. The USA had the highest number of corresponding authors. The majority of Arab-based studies did not involve collaborations with other countries. Most research conducted was basic or clinical studies with a low level of evidence. Conclusion Our present review identified significant gaps and limitations in prostate cancer research in Arab countries. Priority areas for research investment have also been highlighted as a first step towards context-specific health policies. Abbreviations ASR: age-standardised rate; COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; GDP: gross domestic product; HDI: Human Development Index; KSA: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; UAE: United Arab Emirates
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Hajj Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Awada
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | - Zahy Abdul Sater
- Global Health Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Albert El-Hajj
- Division of Urology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Ibrahim S, Pietropaolo A, Naik N, Patel A, Shah MJ, Zondervan P, McDonald J, Zeeshan Hameed BM, Prasad Rai B, Karimi H, Somani BK, Cresswell J. Professional roles of female urologists: A webinar-based survey of perceptions and obstacles to career development. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2021; 93:455-459. [PMID: 34933530 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2021.4.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urology, traditionally a maledominated specialty, keeping pace with the quickly changing gender landscape, has been characterized by waves of feminization. This study aims to understand the perspectives of women urologists on the obstacles to their career development, and the impact of such hurdles on their professional roles in urological education, practice, and leadership. METHODS 119 female urology residents/consultants were surveyed via a webinar-based platform, covering relevant questions on domains of Academia, Mentorship, Leadership, Parenting, and Charity. Statistical analysis was done using frequency distribution based on the responses. RESULTS 46.8% of the respondents felt that there is an under-representation of women in academia. 'Having a good mentor' was the most important factor for a novice to succeed in academia (68%). The most important trait in becoming a good leader was 'good communication skills' (35%), followed by 'visionary' (20%). The greatest challenge faced by leaders in the medical field was considered as 'time management' (31.9%). Only 21.2% of the participants felt difficulty in having a work-personal life balance, whereas 63.8% of them found it difficult only 'sometimes'. As a working parent, 'the guilt that they are not available all the time' was considered the most difficult aspect (59.5%), and 'more flexible schedule' was needed to make their lives as a working parent easier (46.8%). 34% of the respondents were affiliated with some charitable organizations. The biggest drive to do charity was their satisfaction with a noble cause (72.3%). CONCLUSIONS Need for increased encouragement and recruitment of females into urology, and to support and nurture them in their career aspirations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufyan Ibrahim
- Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal; i-TRUE (International Training and Research in Uro-oncology and Endourology) Group.
| | - Amelia Pietropaolo
- i-TRUE (International Training and Research in Uro-oncology and Endourology) Group; Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton.
| | - Nithesh Naik
- i-TRUE (International Training and Research in Uro-oncology and Endourology) Group; Faculty of Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal.
| | | | - Milap J Shah
- i-TRUE (International Training and Research in Uro-oncology and Endourology) Group; Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal.
| | | | - Jean McDonald
- North Middlesex University Hospital, Sterling Way, London; Weymouth Street Hospital, Marylebone, London.
| | - B M Zeeshan Hameed
- i-TRUE (International Training and Research in Uro-oncology and Endourology) Group; Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal.
| | - Bhavan Prasad Rai
- i-TRUE (International Training and Research in Uro-oncology and Endourology) Group; Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN.
| | - Hadis Karimi
- Manipal College of Pharmacy, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal.
| | - Bhaskar K Somani
- i-TRUE (International Training and Research in Uro-oncology and Endourology) Group; Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton.
| | - Joanne Cresswell
- The James Cook University Hospital, South Tees Trust, Middlesbrough.
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Smith AB, Solano C. Why Work for Women in Urology? Rev Urol 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela B. Smith
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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