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Hlaing STM, Damayanti P, Zin Aung K, Tsukino H, Hinoura T, Kuroda Y. The Relationship Between PD-1(rs2227981) and PD-L1(rs2890658) Polymorphisms and Urothelial Cell Carcinoma. Cureus 2023; 15:e48120. [PMID: 38046711 PMCID: PMC10693471 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urothelial cell carcinoma, which is believed to develop from the urothelium (transitional epithelium), is the most common aggressive tumor and accounts for the ten most prevalent cancers in the world. The risk factors for urothelial cell carcinoma are aging, smoking, gender, and genetic alternations. Programmed cell death1 (PD-1) has been widely described as a negative regulator of T-cells by sending inhibitory signals to the T-cell. Through PD-1 binding with PD-L1 (ligand for PD-1), an inhibitory signal is propagated to the T cell. The polymorphisms of PD-1 and PD-L1 lead to an efficient T-cell response and affect an anti-tumor reaction. The polymorphisms of PD-1 and PD-L1 could also affect the carcinogenesis of human cancer, including urothelial cell carcinoma. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the relation between PD-1(rs2227981) and PD-L1(rs2890658) polymorphisms and the carcinogenesis of urothelial cell carcinoma. Materials and methods This study was conducted using 211 healthy controls and 256 cases of urothelial cell carcinoma among the Japanese population. The DNA samples were extracted from the peripheral white blood cells of each subject. The genotype was detected by using the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results C/T (Adjusted OR 1.55, 95% CI:1.02-2.35) and C/T+T/T (OR 1.46, 95% CI:1.01-2.12) genotypes of PD-1 rs2227981 were significant and risk factors for urothelial cancer. Male with A/A genotype in PD-L1 and CT genotype in PD-1 has a significant higher risk factor compared with other genotypes (Adjusted OR 1.83, 95% CI:1.05-3.21). Conclusions and discussion We found that C/T(PD-1) and "A/A (PD-L1) and C/T(PD-1)" were predominant in urothelial cell carcinoma cases. This indicates that C/T(PD-1) and "A/A (PD-L1) and C/T(PD-1)" genotypes could increase susceptibility to urothelial cell carcinoma. However, since our findings indicated that the effects of PD-1 and PD-L1 polymorphisms included discrepancies, additional research will be needed to evaluate the relationship between human cancer and PD-1 and PD-L1 polymorphisms. This is the first study that seeks to find the relation between PD-1(rs2227981) and PD-L1(rs2890658) polymorphisms concerning urothelial cell carcinoma among the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Tin Myo Hlaing
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, JPN
| | - Putri Damayanti
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, JPN
| | - Khine Zin Aung
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, JPN
| | - Hiromasa Tsukino
- Department of Urology, Junwakai Memorial Hospital, Miyazaki, JPN
| | - Takuji Hinoura
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, JPN
| | - Yoshiki Kuroda
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, JPN
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Yeh CM, Lin CW, Lu HJ, Chuang CY, Chou CH, Yang SF, Chen MK. Impact of SRY-Box Transcription Factor 11 Gene Polymorphisms on Oral Cancer Risk and Clinicopathologic Characteristics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124468. [PMID: 32586027 PMCID: PMC7352504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is among the most common cancers worldwide and has become a major global health problem because of its relatively high morbidity and mortality rates. The sex-determining region on the Y-chromosome-related high-mobility-group box (SOX) transcription factor 11 (SOX11) plays a key role in human development and differentiation and is frequently increased in various human cancers. However, the clinical significance of SOX11 polymorphisms in oral cancer and their association with oral cancer risk are unclear. In this study, we included 1196 patients with oral cancer and 1200 controls. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to analyze three SOX11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs77996007, rs66465560, and rs68114586). Our results shown that SOX11 polymorphisms carriers with betel quid chewing were found to have an 8.38- to 9.23-fold risk to have oral cancer compared to SOX11 wild-type carriers without betel quid chewing. Furthermore, oral cancer patients who carried SOX11 rs77996007 “TC + CC” variants were significantly associated with large tumor size (AOR, 1.324; 95% CI, 1.047–1.674; p = 0.019). Moreover, a database analysis using the Cancer Genome Atlas suggested that SOX11 mRNA expression was high during the tumor development process. In conclusion, our results suggest that SOX11 rs77996007 is involved in oral cancer progression and clinical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ming Yeh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-M.Y.); (C.-H.C.)
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ju Lu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Yi Chuang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-M.Y.); (C.-H.C.)
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-M.Y.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-F.Y.); (M.-K.C.)
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-M.Y.); (C.-H.C.)
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-F.Y.); (M.-K.C.)
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Impact of Gene Polymorphisms in GAS5 on Urothelial Cell Carcinoma Development and Clinical Characteristics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10050260. [PMID: 32354045 PMCID: PMC7277236 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) is the commonest malignant tumor of the urinary tract and the second most common kidney cancer malignancy. Growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5), a long noncoding RNA, is encoded by the GAS5 gene and plays a critical role in cellular growth arrest and apoptosis. In the current study, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GAS5 gene, rs145204276 and rs55829688, were selected to investigate correlations between these single SNPs and susceptibility to UCC. A total of 430 UCC cases and 860 ethnically matched healthy controls were included. SNP rs145204276 and SNP rs55829688 were determined using a TaqMan genotyping assay. Logistic regression models demonstrated that female patients with UCC carrying the rs145204276 GAS5 Ins/Del or Del/Del genotype had a 3.037-fold higher risk of larger tumor status (95% confidence interval 1.259–7.324) than did rs145204276 wild type (Ins/Ins) carriers (p = 0.011). The Cancer Genome Atlas validation cohort analysis demonstrated that the expression of GAS5 in female patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) with larger tumor size was much lower than that in patients with a smaller tumor size (p = 0.041). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis and the log–rank test revealed that female patients with BLCA and lower GAS5 expression had poorer overall survival than those with higher GAS5 expression. In conclusion, genetic variations in GAS5 rs145204276 may serve as a critical predictor of the clinical status of female patients with UCC.
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Tsay MD, Hsieh MJ, Lee CY, Wang SS, Chen CS, Hung SC, Lin CY, Yang SF. Involvement of FGFR4 Gene Variants on the Clinicopathological Severity in Urothelial Cell Carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010129. [PMID: 31878098 PMCID: PMC6982237 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) plays a prominent role in cell proliferation and cancer progression. This study explored the effect of FGFR4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the clinicopathological characteristics of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC). This study was conducted to survey the possible correlation of the polymorphism of FGFR4 to the risk and clinicopathologic characteristics of UCC. Four loci of FGFR4 (rs2011077 T > C, rs351855 G > A, rs7708357 G>A, and rs1966265 A > G) were genotyped via the TaqMan allelic discrimination approach in 428 UCC cases and 856 controls. The results indicated that UCC subjects who carried the SNP rs2011077 TC+CC genotypes were significantly related to a higher tumor stage (odds ratio (OR): 1.751, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.078–2.846), primary tumor size (OR: 1.637, 95% CI: 1.006–2.662), and histopathologic grading (OR: 1.919, 95% CI: 1.049–3.511). Moreover, the SNP rs1966265 AG+GG genotypes were prominently related to a higher tumor stage (OR: 1.769, 95% CI: 1.082–2.891), primary tumor size (OR: 1.654, 95% CI: 1.011–2.706), and histopathologic grading (OR: 2.006, 95% CI: 1.096–3.674) compared to individuals with AA homozygotes. In conclusion, our data reveal association of FGFR4 polymorphisms with UCC clinicopathologic characteristics. FGFR4 polymorphisms may serve as a marker or therapeutic target in UCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Dow Tsay
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-D.T.); (M.-J.H.); (S.-S.W.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Department of Family medicine, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-D.T.); (M.-J.H.); (S.-S.W.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
- Department of Optometry, College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Shiang Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-D.T.); (M.-J.H.); (S.-S.W.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 545, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Shu Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-D.T.); (M.-J.H.); (S.-S.W.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chun Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-D.T.); (M.-J.H.); (S.-S.W.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-D.T.); (M.-J.H.); (S.-S.W.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-D.T.); (M.-J.H.); (S.-S.W.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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