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Yang D, Lyu C, He K, Pang K, Guo Z, Wu D. Bile Acid Diarrhea: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment in the Era of Precision Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1544. [PMID: 38338820 PMCID: PMC10855108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acid diarrhea (BAD) is a multifaceted intestinal disorder involving intricate molecular mechanisms, including farnesoid X receptor (FXR), fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5). Current diagnostic methods encompass bile acid sequestrants (BAS), 48-h fecal bile acid tests, serum 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4), fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) testing, and 75Selenium HomotauroCholic acid test (75SeHCAT). Treatment primarily involves BAS and FXR agonists. However, due to the limited sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostic methods, as well as suboptimal treatment efficacy and the presence of side effects, there is an urgent need to establish new diagnostic and treatment methods. While prior literature has summarized various diagnostic and treatment methods and the pathogenesis of BAD, no previous work has linked the two. This review offers a molecular perspective on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of BAD, with a focus on FXR, FGFR4, and TGR5, emphasizing the potential for identifying additional molecular mechanisms as treatment targets and bridging the gap between diagnostic and treatment methods and molecular mechanisms for a novel approach to the clinical management of BAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyu Yang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (D.Y.); (K.P.); (Z.G.)
| | - Chengzhen Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (C.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Kun He
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (C.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Ke Pang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (D.Y.); (K.P.); (Z.G.)
| | - Ziqi Guo
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (D.Y.); (K.P.); (Z.G.)
| | - Dong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (C.L.); (K.H.)
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Bu Y, Wu D, Zhao Y, Wang G, Dang X, Xie X, Wang S. Genetically Engineered Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles with High-Density Customized Membrane Receptor for High-Performance Drug Lead Discovery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37933874 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell membrane coating strategies have been increasingly researched due to their unique capabilities of biomimicry and biointerfacing, which can mimic the functionality of the original source cells in vivo but fail to provide customized nanoparticle surfaces with new or enhanced capabilities beyond natural cells. However, the field of drug lead discovery necessitates the acquisition of sufficient surface density of specific target membrane receptors, presenting a heightened demand for this technology. In this study, we developed a novel approach to fabricate high density of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) cell membrane-coated nanoparticles through covalent site-specific immobilization between genetically engineered FGFR4 with HaloTag anchor on cell membrane and chloroalkane-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. This technique enables efficient screening of tyrosine kinase inhibitors from natural products. And the enhanced density of FGFR4 on the surface of nanoparticles were successfully confirmed by Western blot assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Further, the customized nanoparticles demonstrated exceptional sensitivity (limit of detection = 0.3 × 10-3 μg mL-1). Overall, the proposed design of a high density of membrane receptors, achieved through covalent site-specific immobilization with a HaloTag anchor, demonstrates a promising strategy for the development of cell membrane surface engineering. This approach highlights the potential of cell membrane coating technology for facilitating the advanced extraction of small molecules for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Bu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xintao Dang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Sicen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
- School of Medical, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
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Kishimoto H, Nakano T, Torisu K, Tokumoto M, Uchida Y, Yamada S, Taniguchi M, Kitazono T. Indoxyl sulfate induces left ventricular hypertrophy via the AhR-FGF23-FGFR4 signaling pathway. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:990422. [PMID: 36895836 PMCID: PMC9988908 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.990422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high risk of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) are associated with LVH in patients with CKD, but the interactions between these molecules remain unknown. We investigated whether IS contributes to LVH associated with FGF23 in cultured cardiomyocytes and CKD mice. Methods and results In cultured rat cardiac myoblast H9c2 cells incubated with IS, mRNA levels of the LVH markers atrial natriuretic factor, brain natriuretic peptide, and β-myosin heavy chain were significantly upregulated. Levels of mRNA of the polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (GALNT3), which regulates FGF23 O-glycosylation, and FGF23 were also upregulated in H9c2 cells. Intact FGF23 protein expression and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) phosphorylation were increased in cell lysates by IS administration. In C57BL/6J mice with heminephrectomy, IS promoted LVH, whereas the inhibition of FGFR4 significantly reduced heart weight and left ventricular wall thickness in IS-treated groups. While there was no significant difference in serum FGF23 concentrations, cardiac FGF23 protein expression was markedly increased in IS-injected mice. GALNT3, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, and FGF23 protein expression was induced in H9c2 cells by IS treatment and suppressed by the inhibition of Aryl hydrocarbon receptor which is the receptor for IS. Conclusion This study suggests that IS increases FGF23 protein expression via an increase in GALNT3 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha expression, and activates FGF23-FGFR4 signaling in cardiomyocytes, leading to LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kishimoto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kumiko Torisu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Yushi Uchida
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Moreau F, Brunao BB, Liu XY, Tremblay F, Fitzgerald K, Avila-Pacheco J, Clish C, Kahn RC, Softic S. Liver-specific FGFR4 knockdown in mice on an HFD increases bile acid synthesis and improves hepatic steatosis. J Lipid Res 2022; 64:100324. [PMID: 36586437 PMCID: PMC9871743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease with increased risk in patients with metabolic syndrome. There are no FDA-approved treatments, but FXR agonists have shown promising results in clinical studies for NAFLD management. In addition to FXR, fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFR4 is a key mediator of hepatic bile acid synthesis. Using N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated siRNA, we knocked down FGFR4 specifically in the liver of mice on chow or high-fat diet and in mouse primary hepatocytes to determine the role of FGFR4 in metabolic processes and hepatic steatosis. Liver-specific FGFR4 silencing increased bile acid production and lowered serum cholesterol. Additionally, we found that high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis and insulin resistance improved following FGFR4 knockdown. These improvements were associated with activation of the FXR-FGF15 axis in intestinal cells, but not in hepatocytes. We conclude that targeting FGFR4 in the liver to activate the intestinal FXR-FGF15 axis may be a promising strategy for the treatment of NAFLD and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Moreau
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruna Brasil Brunao
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiang-Yu Liu
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Julian Avila-Pacheco
- Metabolomics Platform of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clary Clish
- Metabolomics Platform of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ronald C. Kahn
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Shiu BH, Hsieh MH, Ting WC, Chou MC, Chang LC, Huang CC, Su SC, Yang SF. Impact of FGFR4 Gene Polymorphism on the Progression of Colorectal Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11060978. [PMID: 34071523 PMCID: PMC8227855 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11060978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial malignancy, and its high incidence and mortality rate remain a global public health burden. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that has been shown to play a key role in cancer development and prognosis via the activation of its downstream oncogenic signaling pathways. The present study aimed to explore the impact of FGFR4 gene polymorphisms on the risk and progression of CRC. Three FGFR4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs1966265, rs351855, and rs7708357, were evaluated in 413 CRC cases and 413 gender- and age-matched cancer-free controls. We did not observe any significant association of three individual SNPs with the risk of CRC between the case and control group. However, while assessing the clinicopathological parameters, patients of rectal cancer possessing at least one minor allele of rs1966265 (AG and GG; AOR, 0.236; p = 0.046) or rs351855 (GA and AA; AOR, 0.191; p = 0.022) were found to develop less metastasis as compared to those who are homozygous for the major allele. Further analyses using the datasets from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Portal and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed that rs351855 regulated FGFR4 expression in many human tissues, and increased FGFR4 levels were associated with the occurrence, advanced stage, and distal metastasis of colon adenocarcinoma. These data suggest that the amino acid change in combination with altered expression levels of FGFR4 due to genetic polymorphisms may affect CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Hao Shiu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (B.-H.S.); (M.-H.H.); (W.-C.T.); (M.-C.C.)
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (B.-H.S.); (M.-H.H.); (W.-C.T.); (M.-C.C.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ting
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (B.-H.S.); (M.-H.H.); (W.-C.T.); (M.-C.C.)
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (B.-H.S.); (M.-H.H.); (W.-C.T.); (M.-C.C.)
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Lun-Ching Chang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA;
| | - Chi-Chou Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (B.-H.S.); (M.-H.H.); (W.-C.T.); (M.-C.C.)
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.); (S.-F.Y.)
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.); (S.-F.Y.)
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (B.-H.S.); (M.-H.H.); (W.-C.T.); (M.-C.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (S.-C.S.); (S.-F.Y.)
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Easter M, Garth J, Harris ES, Shei RJ, Helton ES, Wei Y, Denson R, Zaharias R, Rowe SM, Geraghty P, Faul C, Barnes JW, Krick S. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 Deficiency Mediates Airway Inflammation in the Adult Healthy Lung? Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:317. [PMID: 32793609 PMCID: PMC7393220 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 4 has been shown to mediate pro-inflammatory signaling in the liver and airway epithelium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In past reports, FGFR4 knockout (Fgfr4 -/- ) mice did not show any lung phenotype developmentally or at birth, unless FGFR3 deficiency was present simultaneously. Therefore, we wanted to know whether the loss of FGFR4 had any effect on the adult murine lung. Our results indicate that adult Fgfr4 -/- mice demonstrate a lung phenotype consisting of widened airway spaces, increased airway inflammation, bronchial obstruction, and right ventricular hypertrophy consistent with emphysema. Despite downregulation of FGF23 serum levels, interleukin (IL) 1β and IL-6 in the Fgfr4 -/- lung, and abrogation of p38 signaling, primary murine Fgfr4 -/- airway cells showed increased expression of IL-1β and augmented secretion of IL-6, which correlated with decreased airway surface liquid depth as assessed by micro-optical coherence tomography. These findings were paralleled by increased ERK phosphorylation in Fgfr4 -/- airway cells when compared with their control wild-type cells. Analysis of a murine model with constitutive activation of FGFR4 showed attenuation of pro-inflammatory mediators in the lung and airway epithelium. In conclusion, we are the first to show an inflammatory and obstructive airway phenotype in the adult healthy murine Fgfr4 -/- lung, which might be due to the upregulation of ERK phosphorylation in the Fgfr4 -/- airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Easter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jaleesa Garth
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Elex S. Harris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ren-Jay Shei
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Eric S. Helton
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yuhua Wei
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rebecca Denson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rennan Zaharias
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Steven M. Rowe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Christian Faul
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jarrod W. Barnes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Tsay MD, Hsieh MJ, Lee CY, Wang SS, Chen CS, Hung SC, Lin CY, Yang SF. Involvement of FGFR4 Gene Variants on the Clinicopathological Severity in Urothelial Cell Carcinoma. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 17:ijerph17010129. [PMID: 31878098 PMCID: PMC6982237 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) plays a prominent role in cell proliferation and cancer progression. This study explored the effect of FGFR4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the clinicopathological characteristics of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC). This study was conducted to survey the possible correlation of the polymorphism of FGFR4 to the risk and clinicopathologic characteristics of UCC. Four loci of FGFR4 (rs2011077 T > C, rs351855 G > A, rs7708357 G>A, and rs1966265 A > G) were genotyped via the TaqMan allelic discrimination approach in 428 UCC cases and 856 controls. The results indicated that UCC subjects who carried the SNP rs2011077 TC+CC genotypes were significantly related to a higher tumor stage (odds ratio (OR): 1.751, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.078–2.846), primary tumor size (OR: 1.637, 95% CI: 1.006–2.662), and histopathologic grading (OR: 1.919, 95% CI: 1.049–3.511). Moreover, the SNP rs1966265 AG+GG genotypes were prominently related to a higher tumor stage (OR: 1.769, 95% CI: 1.082–2.891), primary tumor size (OR: 1.654, 95% CI: 1.011–2.706), and histopathologic grading (OR: 2.006, 95% CI: 1.096–3.674) compared to individuals with AA homozygotes. In conclusion, our data reveal association of FGFR4 polymorphisms with UCC clinicopathologic characteristics. FGFR4 polymorphisms may serve as a marker or therapeutic target in UCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Dow Tsay
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-D.T.); (M.-J.H.); (S.-S.W.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Department of Family medicine, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-D.T.); (M.-J.H.); (S.-S.W.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
- Department of Optometry, College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Shiang Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-D.T.); (M.-J.H.); (S.-S.W.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 545, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Shu Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-D.T.); (M.-J.H.); (S.-S.W.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chun Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-D.T.); (M.-J.H.); (S.-S.W.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-D.T.); (M.-J.H.); (S.-S.W.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-D.T.); (M.-J.H.); (S.-S.W.); (C.-S.C.); (S.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Tang S, Hao Y, Yuan Y, Liu R, Chen Q. Role of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 in cancer. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3024-3031. [PMID: 30070748 PMCID: PMC6172014 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) play a significant role in both embryonic development and in adults. Upon binding with ligands, FGFR signaling is activated and triggers various downstream signal cascades that are implicated in diverse biological processes. Aberrant regulations of FGFR signaling are detected in numerous cancers. Although FGFR4 was discovered later than other FGFR, information on the involvement of FGFR4 in cancers has significantly increased in recent years. In this review, the recent findings in FGFR4 structure, signaling transduction, physiological function, aberrant regulations, and effects in cancers as well as its potential applications as an anticancer therapeutic target are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Leifheit-Nestler M, Grabner A, Hermann L, Richter B, Schmitz K, Fischer DC, Yanucil C, Faul C, Haffner D. Vitamin D treatment attenuates cardiac FGF23/FGFR4 signaling and hypertrophy in uremic rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 32:1493-1503. [PMID: 28339837 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency and excess of circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) contribute to cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). FGF23 activates FGF receptor 4 and (FGFR4) calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling in cardiac myocytes, thereby causing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Here, we determined if 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) inhibits FGF23-induced cardiac signaling and LVH. Methods 5/6 nephrectomized (5/6 Nx) rats were treated with different doses of calcitriol for 4 or 10 weeks and cardiac expression of FGF23/FGFR4 and activation of calcineurin/NFAT as well as LVH were analyzed. FGFR4 activation and hypertrophic cell growth were studied in cultured cardiac myocytes that were co-treated with FGF23 and calcitriol. Results In 5/6Nx rats with LVH, we detected elevated FGF23 expression in bone and myocardium, increased cardiac expression of FGFR4 and elevated cardiac activation of calcineurin/NFAT signaling. Cardiac expression levels of FGF23 and FGFR4 significantly correlated with the presence of LVH in uremic rats. Treatment with calcitriol reduced LVH as well as cardiac FGFR4 expression and calcineurin/NFAT activation. Bone and cardiac FGF23 expression were further stimulated by calcitriol in a dose-dependent manner, but levels of intact cardiac FGF23 protein were suppressed by high-dose calcitriol. In cultured cardiac myocytes, co-treatment with calcitriol blocked FGF23-induced activation of FGFR4 and hypertrophic cell growth. Conclusions Our data suggest that in CKD, cardioprotective effects of calcitriol stem from its inhibitory actions on the cardiac FGF23/FGFR4 system, and based on their counterbalancing effects on cardiac myocytes, high FGF23 and low calcitriol synergistically contribute to cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Leifheit-Nestler
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Grabner
- Department of Medicine, Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laura Hermann
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beatrice Richter
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karin Schmitz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Christopher Yanucil
- Department of Medicine, Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Christian Faul
- Department of Medicine, Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dieter Haffner
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Wei W, You Z, Sun S, Wang Y, Zhang X, Pang D, Jiang Y. Prognostic implications of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 polymorphisms in primary breast cancer. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:988-996. [PMID: 29603419 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) belongs to the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, and FGFR4 polymorphisms have been implicated in both normal development and cancer, including breast cancer. In the present study, we investigated correlations between polymorphisms in FGFR4 and breast cancer prognosis. The FGFR4 SNPs rs1966265 and rs351855 were genotyped in 747 breast cancer patients using the SNaPshot method. FGFR4 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 339 samples. SNP rs351855 was correlated with FGFR4 protein expression under dominant and co-dominant models. Lymph node metastasis (LNM), ER (estrogen receptor) status, and molecular subtype were associated with high FGFR4 expression. Univariate analysis revealed rs351855 (CC/CT: P = 0.027, CC/TT: P < 0.001, CC/CT + TT: P = 0.005) to be a prognostic predictor, and multivariate analysis indicated rs351855 (CC/TT: P = 0.005) to be an independent prognostic factor. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that high FGFR4 protein expression was associated with a poor prognosis. SNP rs351855 was correlated with worse outcomes, with a dose-dependent effect. The results of this study show that FGFR4 SNP rs351855 is associated with up-regulation of FGFR4 protein expression and a worse prognosis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Zilong You
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xianyu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,North China Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center (NTMRC), Harbin, China
| | - Yongdong Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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11
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 is a phosphaturic hormone whose physiologic actions on target tissues are mediated by FGF receptors (FGFR) and klotho, which functions as a co-receptor that increases the binding affinity of FGF23 for FGFRs. By stimulating FGFR/klotho complexes in the kidney and parathyroid gland, FGF23 reduces renal phosphate uptake and secretion of parathyroid hormone, respectively, thereby acting as a key regulator of phosphate metabolism. Recently, it has been shown that FGF23 can also target cell types that lack klotho. This unconventional signaling event occurs in an FGFR-dependent manner, but involves other downstream signaling pathways than in "classic" klotho-expressing target organs. It appears that klotho-independent signaling mechanisms are only activated in the presence of high FGF23 concentrations and result in pathologic cellular changes. Therefore, it has been postulated that massive elevations in circulating levels of FGF23, as found in patients with chronic kidney disease, contribute to associated pathologies by targeting cells and tissues that lack klotho. This includes the induction of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, the elevation of inflammatory cytokine expression in the liver, and the inhibition of neutrophil recruitment. Here, we describe the signaling and cellular events that are caused by FGF23 in tissues lacking klotho, and we discuss FGF23's potential role as a hormone with widespread pathologic actions. Since the soluble form of klotho can function as a circulating co-receptor for FGF23, we also discuss the potential inhibitory effects of soluble klotho on FGF23-mediated signaling which might-at least partially-underlie the pleiotropic tissue-protective functions of klotho.
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12
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Chen TH, Yang SF, Liu YF, Lin WL, Han CP, Wang PH. Association of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 Genetic Polymorphisms With the Development of Uterine Cervical Cancer and Patient Prognosis. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:86-93. [PMID: 28378614 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117702250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This is the first study to investigate the relationships among fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) genetic polymorphisms, development of uterine cervical cancer, clinicopathological variables, and patient prognosis in Taiwanese women. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and genotyping were used to detect the genotype frequencies of 4 FGFR4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs351855 (C/T, Gly388Arg), rs2011077 (G/A), rs7708357 (G/A), and rs1966265 (Ile10Val), in 138 patients with invasive cancer, 89 with precancerous lesions of uterine cervix, and 335 normal controls. The results showed that there is no significant difference in the frequencies of FGFR4 SNPs rs351855, rs2011077, rs7708357, and 1966265 between women with cervical invasive cancer and normal controls even after controlling for age. However, significant differences existed in the distributions of the FGFR4 genetic polymorphism rs2011077, when mutant homozygotes (AA) were compared using other genotypes (GG/GA) as a reference, as well as rs1966265, when mutant homozygotes (AA) were compared using GG/GA as a reference, between women with cervical precancerous lesions and normal women even after controlling for age. In multivariate analysis, lymph node metastasis was associated with cancer recurrence, and lymph node metastasis and FGFR4 rs351855 were associated with patient survival. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that FGFR4 rs2011077 and rs1966265 are associated with the progression of cervical normal tissues to precancerous lesions in Taiwanese women. Moreover, rs351855 (Gly388Arg) is the only FGFR4 genetic polymorphism that is associated with patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze-Ho Chen
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- 2 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,3 Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- 4 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wea-Lung Lin
- 5 School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,6 Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Han
- 5 School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,6 Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,7 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hui Wang
- 2 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,5 School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,7 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Leifheit-Nestler M, Große Siemer R, Flasbart K, Richter B, Kirchhoff F, Ziegler WH, Klintschar M, Becker JU, Erbersdobler A, Aufricht C, Seeman T, Fischer DC, Faul C, Haffner D. Induction of cardiac FGF23/FGFR4 expression is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 31:1088-99. [PMID: 26681731 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chronic kidney disease (CKD), serum concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) increase progressively as glomerular filtration rate declines, while renal expression of the FGF23 coreceptor Klotho decreases. Elevated circulating FGF23 levels are strongly associated with mortality and with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which is a major cause of cardiovascular death in CKD patients. The cardiac FGF23/FGF receptor (FGFR) system and its role in the development of LVH in humans have not been addressed previously. METHODS We conducted a retrospective case-control study in 24 deceased patients with childhood-onset end-stage renal disease (dialysis: n = 17; transplanted: n = 7), and 24 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Myocardial autopsy samples of the left ventricle were evaluated for expression of endogenous FGF23, FGFR isoforms, Klotho, calcineurin and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence microscopy, qRT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS The majority of patients presented with LVH (67%). Human cardiomyocytes express full-length FGF23, and cardiac FGF23 is excessively high in patients with CKD. Enhanced myocardial expression of FGF23 in concert with Klotho deficiency strongly correlates with the presence of LVH. Cardiac FGF23 levels associate with time-averaged serum phosphate levels, up-regulation of FGFR4 and activation of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling pathway, an established mediator of cardiac remodelling and LVH. These changes are detected in patients on dialysis but not in those with a functioning kidney transplant. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a strong association between LVH and enhanced expression levels of FGF23, FGFR4 and calcineurin, activation of NFAT and reduced levels of soluble Klotho in the myocardium of patients with CKD. These alterations are not observed in kidney transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Leifheit-Nestler
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Große Siemer
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Flasbart
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Beatrice Richter
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Kirchhoff
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Ziegler
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Klintschar
- Institute for Forensic Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan U Becker
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Erbersdobler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Rostock, Strempelstr. 14, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Aufricht
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University Children's Hospital Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomas Seeman
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University Children's Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar-Christiane Fischer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 8, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Faul
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Avenue (R-762), Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Dieter Haffner
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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14
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Dorjgochoo T, Zheng Y, Gao YT, Ma X, Long J, Bao P, Zhang B, Wen W, Lu W, Zheng W, Shu XO, Beeghly-Fadiel A. No association between genetic variants in angiogenesis and inflammation pathway genes and breast cancer survival among Chinese women. Cancer Epidemiol 2013; 37:619-24. [PMID: 23850146 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis and inflammation are implicated in breast cancer prognosis; however, the role of individual germline variation in related genes is unknown. METHODS A two-stage candidate pathway association study was conducted among 6983 Chinese women. Stage 1 included 2884 women followed for a median of 5.7 years; Stage 2 included 4099 women followed for a median of 4.0 years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the effects of genetic variants on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Stage 1 included genotyping of 506 variants in 22 genes; analysis was conducted for 370 common variants. Nominally significant associations with DFS and/or OS were found for 20 loci in ten genes in Stage 1; variants in 19 loci were successfully genotyped and evaluated in Stage 2. In analyses of both study stages combined, nominally significant associations were found for nine variants in seven genes; none of these associations surpassed a significance threshold level corrected for the total number of variants evaluated in this study. CONCLUSIONS No association with survival was found for 370 common variants in 22 angiogenesis and inflammation pathway genes among Chinese women with breast cancer. IMPACT Our data do not support a large role for common genetic variation in 22 genes in breast cancer prognosis; research on angiogenesis and inflammation genes should focus on common variation in other genes, rare host variants, or tumor alterations.
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15
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Li H, Martin A, David V, Quarles LD. Compound deletion of Fgfr3 and Fgfr4 partially rescues the Hyp mouse phenotype. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 300:E508-17. [PMID: 21139072 PMCID: PMC3064005 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00499.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Uncertainty exists regarding the physiologically relevant fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor (FGFR) for FGF23 in the kidney and the precise tubular segments that are targeted by FGF23. Current data suggest that FGF23 targets the FGFR1c-Klotho complex to coordinately regulate phosphate transport and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D] production in the proximal tubule. In studies using the Hyp mouse model, which displays FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemia and aberrant vitamin D, deletion of Fgfr3 or Fgfr4 alone failed to correct the Hyp phenotype. To determine whether FGFR1 is sufficient to mediate the renal effects of FGF23, we deleted Fgfr3 and Fgfr4 in Hyp mice, leaving intact the FGFR1 pathway by transferring compound Fgfr3/Fgfr4-null mice on the Hyp background to create wild-type (WT), Hyp, Fgfr3(-/-)/Fgfr4(-/-), and Hyp/Fgfr3(-/-)/Fgfr4(-/-) mice. We found that deletion of Fgfr3 and Fgfr4 in Fgfr3(-/-)/Fgfr4(-/-) and Hyp/Fgfr3(-/-)/Fgfr4(-/-) mice induced an increase in 1,25(OH)(2)D. In Hyp/Fgfr3(-/-)/Fgfr4(-/-) mice, it partially corrected the hypophosphatemia (P(i) = 9.4 ± 0.9, 6.1 ± 0.2, 9.1 ± 0.4, and 8.0 ± 0.5 mg/dl in WT, Hyp, Fgfr3(-/-)/Fgfr4(-/-), and Hyp/Fgfr3(-/-)/Fgfr4(-/-) mice, respectively), increased Na-phosphate cotransporter Napi2a and Napi2c and Klotho mRNA expression in the kidney, and markedly increased serum FGF23 levels (107 ± 20, 3,680 ± 284, 167 ± 22, and 18,492 ± 1,547 pg/ml in WT, Hyp, Fgfr3(-/-)/Fgfr4(-/-), and Hyp/Fgfr3(-/-)/Fgfr4(-/-) mice, respectively), consistent with a compensatory response to the induction of end-organ resistance. Fgfr1 expression was unchanged in Hyp/Fgfr3(-/-)/Fgfr4(-/-) mice and was not sufficient to transduce the full effects of FGF23 in Hyp/Fgfr3(-/-)/Fgfr4(-/-) mice. These studies suggest that FGFR1, FGFR3, and FGFR4 act in concert to mediate FGF23 effects on the kidney and that loss of FGFR function leads to feedback stimulation of Fgf23 expression in bone.
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MESH Headings
- Absorptiometry, Photon
- Animals
- Bone and Bones/metabolism
- Fibroblast Growth Factor-23
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/pharmacology
- Gene Deletion
- Homozygote
- Hypophosphatemia/genetics
- Hypophosphatemia/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kidney/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Obese
- Phenotype
- Phosphates/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/physiology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/physiology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/physiology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Vitamin D/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Ave., Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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