1
|
Zhang Z, Shen Q, Chang H. Vaccines for COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Immunogenicity, Current Development, and Future Prospects. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843928. [PMID: 35572592 PMCID: PMC9092649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterized by severe respiratory syndrome, is caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and it poses a major threat to public health all over the world. Currently, optimal COVID-19 management involves effective vaccination. Vaccination is known to greatly enhance immune response against viral infections and reduce public transmission of COVID-19. However, although current vaccines offer some benefits, viral variations and other factors demand the continuous development of vaccines to eliminate this virus from host. Hence, vaccine research and development is crucial and urgent to the elimination of this pandemic. Herein, we summarized the structural and replicatory features of SARS-CoV-2, and focused on vaccine-mediated disease prevention strategies like vaccine antigen selection, vaccine research, and vaccine application. We also evaluated the latest literature on COVID-19 and extensively reviewed action mechanisms, clinical trial (CT) progresses, advantages, as well as disadvantages of various vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2. Lastly, we discussed the current viral treatment, prevention trends, and future prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haocai Chang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Prompetchara E, Ketloy C, Tharakhet K, Kaewpang P, Buranapraditkun S, Techawiwattanaboon T, Sathean-anan-kun S, Pitakpolrat P, Watcharaplueksadee S, Phumiamorn S, Wijagkanalan W, Patarakul K, Palaga T, Ruxrungtham K. DNA vaccine candidate encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins elicited potent humoral and Th1 cell-mediated immune responses in mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248007. [PMID: 33750975 PMCID: PMC7984610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 65 million people have been confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 and more than 1 million have died from COVID-19 and this pandemic remains critical worldwide. Effective vaccines are one of the most important strategies to limit the pandemic. Here, we report a construction strategy of DNA vaccine candidates expressing full length wild type SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, S1 or S2 region and their immunogenicity in mice. All DNA vaccine constructs of pCMVkan-S, -S1 and -S2 induced high levels of specific binding IgG that showed a balance of IgG1/IgG2a response. However, only the sera from mice vaccinated with pCMKkan-S or -S1 DNA vaccines could inhibit viral RBD and ACE2 interaction. The highest neutralizing antibody (NAb) titer was found in pCMVkan-S group, followed by -S1, while -S2 showed the lowest PRNT50 titers. The geometric mean titers (GMTs) were 2,551, 1,005 and 291 for pCMVkan-S, -S1 and -S2, respectively. pCMVkan-S construct vaccine also induced the highest magnitude and breadth of T cells response. Analysis of IFN-γ positive cells after stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptide pools were 2,991, 1,376 and 1,885 SFC/106 splenocytes for pCMVkan-S, -S1 and -S2, respectively. Our findings highlighted that full-length S antigen is more potent than the truncated spike (S1 or S2) in inducing of neutralizing antibody and robust T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eakachai Prompetchara
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center, Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Integrated Frontier Biotechnology for Emerging Disease, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutitorn Ketloy
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center, Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Integrated Frontier Biotechnology for Emerging Disease, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kittipan Tharakhet
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center, Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Papatsara Kaewpang
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center, Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supranee Buranapraditkun
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center, Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teerasit Techawiwattanaboon
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center, Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwitra Sathean-anan-kun
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center, Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patrawadee Pitakpolrat
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center, Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Watcharaplueksadee
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases-Health Science Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Phumiamorn
- Institute of Biological Product, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Kanitha Patarakul
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center, Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Integrated Frontier Biotechnology for Emerging Disease, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Integrated Frontier Biotechnology for Emerging Disease, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kiat Ruxrungtham
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center, Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Integrated Frontier Biotechnology for Emerging Disease, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. Recent advances in therapeutic modalities and vaccines to counter COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:3034-3042. [PMID: 32845742 PMCID: PMC7484576 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1794685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread across the world. This resulted an alarming number of fatalities with millions of confirmed infected cases, pretending severe public health, economic, and social threats. There is no specific therapeutic drugs or licensed vaccines or treatments to fight against lethal COVID-19 infections. Given the significant threats of COVID-19, the global organizations are racing to identify epidemiological and pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19 to find treatment regimens and effective therapeutic modalities for future prevention. Herein, we reviewed the therapeutic interventions and vaccines for COVID-19 based on the existing knowledge and understanding of similar coronaviruses, including MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. The information constitutes a paramount intellectual basis to sustenance ongoing research for the discovery of vaccines and therapeutic agents. This review signifies the most available frontiers in the viral vaccine development approaches to counter the COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
- CONTACT Muhammad Bilal School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian223003, China
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Hafiz M. N. Iqbal School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. CP 64849, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Badgujar KC, Badgujar VC, Badgujar SB. Vaccine development against coronavirus (2003 to present): An overview, recent advances, current scenario, opportunities and challenges. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1361-1376. [PMID: 32755836 PMCID: PMC7371592 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The pandemic COVID-19 occurring due to novel emerging coronavirus-2019 (SARS-CoV-2) is severely affecting the worldwide public health, culture, economy and human social behaviour. Till date, there is no approved medicine/treatment to cure COVID-19, whereas, vaccine development efforts are going on high priority. This review aimed to provide an overview of prior art, recent advances, vaccine designing strategies, current scenario, opportunities and challenges related to development of coronavirus vaccine. METHOD A literature survey was conducted using Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar with the search key as: coronavirus vaccine, SARS vaccine, MERS vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine. Articles related to above search query were retrieved, sorted, analyzed and developed into an easy-to-understand review. RESULTS The genome phylogenetic analysis suggested that genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is almost 80% similar to that of SARS-CoV, further both these viruses bind to same host cell receptor ACE-2. Hence it is expected that, previously available literature data about coronavirus vaccine designing may play crucial role in development of rapid vaccine against COVID-19. In view of this, the present review discuss (i) existing information (from 2003 to present) about the type of vaccine, antigen, immunogenic response, animal model, route of administration, adjuvants and current scenario for designing of coronavirus vaccine (ii) potential factors and challenges related to rapid development of COVID-19 vaccine. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we discuss possible clues/ target sites for designing of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 virus based on prior-art.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirtikumar C Badgujar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, SIES College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Near SION Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, 400022, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vivek C Badgujar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Pratap College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Amalner, Dist Jalgaon, 425401, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shamkant B Badgujar
- Scientist, Laboratory of Native Antigens, Research and Development Division, Advy Chemical Private Limited, Thane, 400604, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rapid and robust bioanalytical assays are critical for SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic and vaccine development and beyond. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1199-1203. [PMID: 32453605 PMCID: PMC7255425 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
6
|
Immunogenicity of RSV F DNA Vaccine in BALB/c Mice. Adv Virol 2016; 2016:7971847. [PMID: 27688769 PMCID: PMC5027326 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7971847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe acute lower respiratory tract disease leading to numerous hospitalizations and deaths among the infant and elderly populations worldwide. There is no vaccine or a less effective drug available against RSV infections. Natural RSV infection stimulates the Th1 immune response and activates the production of neutralizing antibodies, while earlier vaccine trials that used UV-inactivated RSV exacerbated the disease due to the activation of the allergic Th2 response. With a focus on Th1 immunity, we developed a DNA vaccine containing the native RSV fusion (RSV F) protein and studied its immune response in BALB/c mice. High levels of RSV specific antibodies were induced during subsequent immunizations. The serum antibodies were able to neutralize RSV in vitro. The RSV inhibition by sera was also shown by immunofluorescence analyses. Antibody response of the RSV F DNA vaccine showed a strong Th1 response. Also, sera from RSV F immunized and RSV infected mice reduced the RSV infection by 50% and 80%, respectively. Our data evidently showed that the RSV F DNA vaccine activated the Th1 biased immune response and led to the production of neutralizing antibodies, which is the desired immune response required for protection from RSV infections.
Collapse
|
7
|
Fan Y, Ma X, Hou W, Guo C, Zhang J, Zhang W, Ma L, Song X. The adjuvanticity of ophiopogon polysaccharide liposome against an inactivated porcine parvovirus vaccine in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:264-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Kinnear CL, Strugnell RA. Vaccination Method Affects Immune Response and Bacterial Growth but Not Protection in the Salmonella Typhimurium Animal Model of Typhoid. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141356. [PMID: 26509599 PMCID: PMC4625024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding immune responses elicited by vaccines, together with immune responses required for protection, is fundamental to designing effective vaccines and immunisation programs. This study examines the effects of the route of administration of a live attenuated vaccine on its interactions with, and stimulation of, the murine immune system as well as its ability to increase survival and provide protection from colonisation by a virulent challenge strain. We assess the effect of administration method using the murine model for typhoid, where animals are infected with S. Typhimurium. Mice were vaccinated either intravenously or orally with the same live attenuated S. Typhimurium strain and data were collected on vaccine strain growth, shedding and stimulation of antibodies and cytokines. Following vaccination, mice were challenged with a virulent strain of S. Typhimurium and the protection conferred by the different vaccination routes was measured in terms of challenge suppression and animal survival. The main difference in immune stimulation found in this study was the development of a secretory IgA response in orally-vaccinated mice, which was absent in IV vaccinated mice. While both strains showed similar protection in terms of challenge suppression in systemic organs (spleen and liver) as well as survival, they differed in terms of challenge suppression of virulent pathogens in gut-associated organs. This difference in gut colonisation presents important questions around the ability of vaccines to prevent shedding and transmission. These findings demonstrate that while protection conferred by two vaccines can appear to be the same, the mechanisms controlling the protection can differ and have important implications for infection dynamics within a population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare L. Kinnear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard A. Strugnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Z, Chua BY, Ramos JV, Parra SMQ, Fairmaid E, Brown LE, Jackson DC, Kedzierska K. Establishment of functional influenza virus-specific CD8+ T cell memory pools after intramuscular immunization. Vaccine 2015; 33:5148-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
10
|
Guo C, Zhong Z, Huang Y. Production and immunogenicity of VP2 protein of porcine parvovirus expressed in Pichia pastoris. Arch Virol 2013; 159:963-70. [PMID: 24221249 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Viral protein 2 (VP2) of porcine parvovirus (PPV) is the major viral structural protein and is responsible for eliciting neutralizing antibodies in immunized animals. In this study, we constructed and characterized a recombinant yeast vector encoding the VP2 protein, designated as pGAPZαA-VP2. The construct was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion, PCR, and sequencing and then introduced into P. pastoris strain SMD1168 by electroporation. The expressed VP2 protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and western blot. Immunization of mice with the VP2 protein elicited a PPV-specific humoral immune response. Notably, a preparation of VP2 protein containing adjuvant induced a much better antibody response than VP2 alone. Clearly, the adjuvant strongly enhanced the immunogenicity of VP2. This study provides a foundation for the application of the VP2 protein in the clinical diagnosis of PPV and in vaccination against PPV in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhe Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, North Third Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Louz D, Bergmans HE, Loos BP, Hoeben RC. Animal models in virus research: their utility and limitations. Crit Rev Microbiol 2012; 39:325-61. [PMID: 22978742 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2012.711740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Viral diseases are important threats to public health worldwide. With the number of emerging viral diseases increasing the last decades, there is a growing need for appropriate animal models for virus studies. The relevance of animal models can be limited in terms of mimicking human pathophysiology. In this review, we discuss the utility of animal models for studies of influenza A viruses, HIV and SARS-CoV in light of viral emergence, assessment of infection and transmission risks, and regulatory decision making. We address their relevance and limitations. The susceptibility, immune responses, pathogenesis, and pharmacokinetics may differ between the various animal models. These complexities may thwart translating results from animal experiments to the humans. Within these constraints, animal models are very informative for studying virus immunopathology and transmission modes and for translation of virus research into clinical benefit. Insight in the limitations of the various models may facilitate further improvements of the models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Louz
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), GMO Office , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang RN, Wang YB, Geng JW, Guo DH, Liu F, Chen HY, Zhang HY, Cui BA, Wei ZY. Enhancing immune responses to inactivated porcine parvovirus oil emulsion vaccine by co-inoculating porcine transfer factor in mice. Vaccine 2012; 30:5246-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
13
|
Tao L, Chen J, Zheng Z, Meng J, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Luo H, Li H, Chen Z, Hu Q, Wang H. H5N1 influenza virus-like particles produced by transient expression in mammalian cells induce humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. Can J Microbiol 2012; 58:391-401. [DOI: 10.1139/w2012-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective way to protect from influenza virus infection. Among the new candidates of influenza vaccines, influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) seem to be promising. Here, we generated 2 types of H5N1 influenza VLPs by co-expressing influenza virus Env (envelope protein) and murine leukemia virus (MLV) Gag–Pol. VLPs generated by co-transfection of pHCMV-wtH5 or pHCMV-mtH5 with pSV-Mo-MLVgagpol and pHCMV-N1 were named as wtH5N1 VLPs or mtH5N1 VLPs. The plasmid of pHCMV-wtH5 encoded the wild-type hemagglutinin (HA) (wtH5) from A/swine/Anhui/ca/2004 (H5N1) with a multibasic cleavage site, while pHCMV-mtH5 encoded the modified mutant-type (mtH5) with a monobasic cleavage site. Influenza virus HA VLPs were characterized and equal amounts of them were used to immunize mice subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, or intramuscularly. The levels of HA-specific IgG1, IFN-γ, and neutralization antibodies were significantly induced in mice immunized with wtH5N1 VLPs or mtH5N1 VLPs via all 3 routes, while HA-specific IgG2a was barely detectable. IL-4 secretion was detected in mice subcutaneously immunized with wtH5N1 VLPs or mtH5N1 VLPs, or intramuscularly immunized with mtH5N1 VLPs. Our results indicated that both H5N1 influenza VLPs could induce specific humoral and cellular immune responses in immunized mice. In conclusion, our study provides helpful information for designing new candidate vaccines against H5N1 influenza viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanle Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinxue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 44, Xiaohongshan, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Diniz M, Ferreira L. Enhanced anti-tumor effect of a gene gun-delivered DNA vaccine encoding the human papillomavirus type 16 oncoproteins genetically fused to the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:421-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
15
|
Donate A, Coppola D, Cruz Y, Heller R. Evaluation of a novel non-penetrating electrode for use in DNA vaccination. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19181. [PMID: 21559474 PMCID: PMC3084774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current progress in the development of vaccines has decreased the incidence of fatal and non-fatal infections and increased longevity. However, new technologies need to be developed to combat an emerging generation of infectious diseases. DNA vaccination has been demonstrated to have great potential for use with a wide variety of diseases. Alone, this technology does not generate a significant immune response for vaccination, but combined with delivery by electroporation (EP), can enhance plasmid expression and immunity. Most EP systems, while effective, can be invasive and painful making them less desirable for use in vaccination. Our lab recently developed a non-invasive electrode known as the multi-electrode array (MEA), which lies flat on the surface of the skin without penetrating the tissue. In this study we evaluated the MEA for its use in DNA vaccination using Hepatitis B virus as the infectious model. We utilized the guinea pig model because their skin is similar in thickness and morphology to humans. The plasmid encoding Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was delivered intradermally with the MEA to guinea pig skin. The results show increased protein expression resulting from plasmid delivery using the MEA as compared to injection alone. Within 48 hours of treatment, there was an influx of cellular infiltrate in experimental groups. Humoral responses were also increased significantly in both duration and intensity as compared to injection only groups. While this electrode requires further study, our results suggest that the MEA has potential for use in electrically mediated intradermal DNA vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Donate
- College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Domenico Coppola
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yolmari Cruz
- College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Richard Heller
- Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
- College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ashour J, Morrison J, Laurent-Rolle M, Belicha-Villanueva A, Plumlee CR, Bernal-Rubio D, Williams KL, Harris E, Fernandez-Sesma A, Schindler C, García-Sastre A. Mouse STAT2 restricts early dengue virus replication. Cell Host Microbe 2011; 8:410-21. [PMID: 21075352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus encodes several interferon antagonists. Among these the NS5 protein binds STAT2, a necessary component of the type I interferon signaling pathway, and targets it for degradation. We now demonstrate that the ability of dengue NS5 to associate with and degrade STAT2 is species specific. Thus, NS5 is able to bind and degrade human STAT2, but not mouse STAT2. This difference was exploited to demonstrate, absent manipulation of the viral genome, that NS5-mediated IFN antagonism is essential for efficient virus replication. Moreover, we demonstrate that differences in NS5 mediated binding and degradation between human and mouse STAT2 maps to a region within the STAT2 coiled-coil domain. By using STAT2(-/-) mice, we also demonstrate that mouse STAT2 restricts early dengue virus replication in vivo. These results suggest that overcoming this restriction through transgenic mouse technology may help in the development of a long-sought immune-competent mouse model of dengue virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ashour
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bolhassani A, Safaiyan S, Rafati S. Improvement of different vaccine delivery systems for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:3. [PMID: 21211062 PMCID: PMC3024302 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines are the promising tools in the hands of the clinical oncologist. Many tumor-associated antigens are excellent targets for immune therapy and vaccine design. Optimally designed cancer vaccines should combine the best tumor antigens with the most effective immunotherapy agents and/or delivery strategies to achieve positive clinical results. Various vaccine delivery systems such as different routes of immunization and physical/chemical delivery methods have been used in cancer therapy with the goal to induce immunity against tumor-associated antigens. Two basic delivery approaches including physical delivery to achieve higher levels of antigen production and formulation with microparticles to target antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have demonstrated to be effective in animal models. New developments in vaccine delivery systems will improve the efficiency of clinical trials in the near future. Among them, nanoparticles (NPs) such as dendrimers, polymeric NPs, metallic NPs, magnetic NPs and quantum dots have emerged as effective vaccine adjuvants for infectious diseases and cancer therapy. Furthermore, cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) have been known as attractive carrier having applications in drug delivery, gene transfer and DNA vaccination. This review will focus on the utilization of different vaccine delivery systems for prevention or treatment of cancer. We will discuss their clinical applications and the future prospects for cancer vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Bolhassani
- Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Safaiyan
- Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Rafati
- Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ingolotti M, Kawalekar O, Shedlock DJ, Muthumani K, Weiner DB. DNA vaccines for targeting bacterial infections. Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 9:747-63. [PMID: 20624048 DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccination has been of great interest since its discovery in the 1990s due to its ability to elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses. DNA vaccines consist of a DNA plasmid containing a transgene that encodes the sequence of a target protein from a pathogen under the control of a eukaryotic promoter. This revolutionary technology has proven to be effective in animal models and four DNA vaccine products have recently been approved for veterinary use. Although few DNA vaccines against bacterial infections have been tested, the results are encouraging. Because of their versatility, safety and simplicity a wider range of organisms can be targeted by these vaccines, which shows their potential advantages to public health. This article describes the mechanism of action of DNA vaccines and their potential use for targeting bacterial infections. In addition, it provides an updated summary of the methods used to enhance immunogenicity from codon optimization and adjuvants to delivery techniques including electroporation and use of nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ingolotti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hu H, Tao L, Wang Y, Chen L, Yang J, Wang H. Enhancing immune responses against SARS-CoV nucleocapsid DNA vaccine by co-inoculating interleukin-2 expressing vector in mice. Biotechnol Lett 2009; 31:1685-93. [PMID: 19579009 PMCID: PMC7088336 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-009-0061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The immunogenicity of SARS-CoV nucleocapsid DNA vaccine and the immunoregulatory activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2) were investigated. DNA vaccine plasmids, pcDNA-N and pcDNA-IL2, were constructed and inoculated into BALB/c mice with or without pcDNA-IL2 by intramuscular injection. Cellular and humoral immune responses were assessed by indirect ELISA, lymphocyte proliferation assays, ELISPOT and FACS. The nucleocapsid DNA vaccine had good immunogenicity and can induce specific humoral and cellular immunity in BALB/c mice, while IL-2 plays an immunoadjuvant role and enhances specific immune responses. This study provides a frame of reference for the design of DNA vaccines against SARS-CoV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|