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Chen JY, Deng Y, Liu J, Wen X, Cao YQ, Mu Y, Sun M, Miao C, Peng Z, Lu K, Wang YL, Chen X, Pang S, Wang D, Zhou J, Li M, Wen Y, Wu R, Zhao S, Lang YF, Yan QG, Huang X, Du S, Wang Y, Han X, Cao SJ, Zhao Q. Development and Characterization of a Recombinant galT-galU Protein for Broad-Spectrum Immunoprotection Against Porcine Contagious Pleuropneumonia. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:3634. [PMID: 40332240 PMCID: PMC12027175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26083634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2025] [Revised: 04/05/2025] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
Porcine contagious pleuropneumonia (PCP), caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), is a highly contagious disease that leads to significant economic losses in the swine industry. Current vaccines are ineffective due to the presence of multiple serotypes and the absence of a predominant seasonal serotype, underscoring the need for vaccines with broad-spectrum protection. Previous studies identified galT and galU as promising antigen candidates. In this study, we expressed and characterized a soluble recombinant galT-galU protein (rgalT-galU) from the pET-28a-galT-galU plasmid. The protein, with a molecular weight of 73 kDa, exhibited pronounced immunogenicity in murine models, as indicated by a significant elevation in IgG titers determined through an indirect ELISA. This immune response was further corroborated by substantial antigen-specific splenic lymphocyte proliferation, with a stimulation index of 51.5%. Immunization also resulted in elevated serum cytokines levels of IL-4, IL-12, and IFN-γ, as detected by cytokine assays. Vaccination with rgalT-galU provided immunoprotection against three predominant APP strains (APP1, APP5b, and APP7), achieving protection rates of 71.4%, 71.4%, and 85.7%, respectively. It also effectively mitigated pulmonary lesions and neutrophil infiltration, as verified by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. These results indicate that rgalT-galU is a promising candidate for developing cross-protective subunit vaccines against APP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yong Chen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yi Deng
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jiale Liu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xin Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu-Qin Cao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu Mu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Mengke Sun
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Chang Miao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhiling Peng
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kun Lu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu-Luo Wang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xizhu Chen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Siyu Pang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Dan Wang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Miaohan Li
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi-Fei Lang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qi-Gui Yan
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - San-Jie Cao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
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Comparative Efficacy in Challenge Dose Models of a Toxin Expressing Whole-Cell Vaccine against Eight Serovars of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233244. [PMID: 36496765 PMCID: PMC9740876 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a major economically significant bacterial respiratory pig pathogen, and whole cell vaccines are used to prevent disease. However, there is little data available on multi-serovar whole cell vaccine protection. Therefore, we determined the protective efficacies of a whole-cell A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 1 and 2 vaccine comprising ApxI-III toxins (C-vaccine, Coglapix®, Ceva, France) against serovars 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9/11, and 13. The infection doses used induced disease representative of endemic field conditions, and standard protocols were used for all studies. Protection against homologous serovars 1 and 2 significantly reduced lung lesion scores (LLS) compared to positive controls: p = 0.00007 and p = 0.00124, respectively. The protection against heterologous serovars 4, 5, 6, 7, 9/11, and 13 also significantly reduced LLS: range p = 2.9 × 10-10 to p = 0.00953. As adjudged by the estimated random effect, reproducibility between studies was high. A highly significant serovar-independent reduction of pathological lung lesions by the C-vaccine was found for all the serovars tested (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9/11, and 13). We conclude that the C-vaccine gives high serovar-independent protection against disease and is suitable for this use in the field.
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Zhang L, Luo W, Xiong R, Li H, Yao Z, Zhuo W, Zou G, Huang Q, Zhou R. A Combinatorial Vaccine Containing Inactivated Bacterin and Subunits Provides Protection Against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Infection in Mice and Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:902497. [PMID: 35747235 PMCID: PMC9212066 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.902497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is the etiological agent of porcine contagious pleuropneumonia (PCP) that causes great economic losses in the swine industry. Currently, vaccination is still a commonly used strategy for the prevention of the disease. Commercially available vaccines of this disease, including inactivated bacterins and subunit vaccines, have clinical limitations such as side effects and low cross-protection. In this study, a combinatorial vaccine (Bac-sub) was developed, which contained inactivated bacterial cells of a serovar 1 strain and three recombinant protoxins (rApxIA, rApxIIA, and rApxIIIA). Its side effects, immune protection, and cross-protection were evaluated and compared with a commercial subunit vaccine and a commercial trivalent bacterin in a mouse infection model. The results revealed that the Bac-sub vaccine showed no obvious side effects, and induced higher levels of Apx toxin-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a than the commercial vaccines after booster. After a challenge with virulent strains of serovars 1, 5, and 7, the Bac-sub vaccine provided greater protection (91.76%, 100%, and 100%, respectively) than commercial vaccines. Much lower lung bacterial loads (LBLs) and milder lung lesions were observed in the Bac-sub-vaccinated mice than in those vaccinated with the other two vaccines. The protective efficacy of the Bac-sub vaccine was further evaluated in pigs, which showed that vaccinated pigs displayed significantly milder clinical symptoms and lung lesions than the unvaccinated pigs after the challenge. Taken together, Bac-sub is a safe and effective vaccine that could provide high protection against A. pleuropneumoniae infection in both mice and pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruyue Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxiao Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Geng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology (China), Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Huang
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology (China), Wuhan, China
- The HZAU-HVSEN Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Rui Zhou
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dos Santos LF, Costa Polveiro R, Scatamburlo Moreira T, Pereira Vidigal PM, Chang YF, Scatamburlo Moreira MA. Polymorphism analysis of the apxIA gene of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 5 isolated in swine herds from Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208789. [PMID: 30562362 PMCID: PMC6298653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of Contagious Porcine Pleuropneumonia, a disease responsible for economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. A. pleuropneumoniae is capable of producing proteinaceous exotoxins responsible for inducing hemorrhagic lesions, one of which is ApxI. Few studies have conducted an in-depth evaluation of polymorphisms of the nucleotides that make up the ApxI toxin gene. Here we analyze the polymorphisms of the apxIA gene region of A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 5 isolated from swine in different regions in Brazil and report the results of molecular sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Analysis of the apxIA gene in 60 isolates revealed the presence of genetic diversity and variability. The polymorphisms in the nucleotide sequences determined the grouping of the Brazilian sequences and five more sequences from the GenBank database into 14 different haplotypes, which formed three main groups and revealed the presence of mutations in the nucleotide sequences. The estimation of selection pressures suggests the occurrence of genetic variations by positive selective pressure on A. pleuropneumoniae in large groups of animals in relatively small spaces. These conditions presumably favor the horizontal dissemination of apxIA gene mutations within bacterial populations with host reservoirs. As a result, the same serovar can demonstrate different antigenic capacities due to mutations in the apxIA gene. These alterations in sequences of the apxIA gene could occur in other areas of countries with intense swine production, which could lead to differences in the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of each serovar and have implications for the clinical status or diagnosis of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fernando dos Santos
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Microbiologia Veterinária Especial LTDA (Microvet), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Richard Costa Polveiro
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thalita Scatamburlo Moreira
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Marcus Pereira Vidigal
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas (NuBioMol), Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo Moreira
- Laboratory of Bacterial Diseases, Sector of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GalT), an in vivo-induced antigen of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 5b strain L20, provided immunoprotection against serovar 1 strain MS71. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198207. [PMID: 29856812 PMCID: PMC5983418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GALT is an important antigen of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), which was shown to provide partial protection against APP infection in a previous study in our lab. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate GALT induced cross-protection between different APP serotypes and elucidate key mechanisms of the immune response to GALT antigenic stimulation. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that galT is a highly conserved gene in APP, widely distributed across multiple pathogenic strains. Homologies between any two strains ranges from 78.9% to 100% regarding the galT locus. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed that GALT specific antibodies could not be induced by inactivated APP L20 or MS71 whole cell bacterin preparations. A recombinant fusion GALT protein derived from APP L20, however has proven to be an effective cross-protective antigen against APP sevorar 1 MS71 (50%, 4/8) and APP sevorar 5b L20 (75%, 6/8). Histopathological examinations have confirmed that recombinant GALT vaccinated animals showed less severe pathological signs in lung tissues than negative controls after APP challenge. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis indicated that the infiltration of neutrophils in the negative group is significantly increased compared with that in the normal control (P<0.001) and that in surviving animals is decreased compared to the negative group. Anti-GALT antibodies were shown to mediate phagocytosis of neutrophils. After interaction with anti-GALT antibodies, survival rate of APP challenged vaccinated animals was significantly reduced (P<0.001). This study demonstrated that GALT is an effective cross-protective antigen, which could be used as a potential vaccine candidate against multiple APP serotypes.
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Loera-Muro A, Angulo C. New trends in innovative vaccine development against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Microbiol 2018; 217:66-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biofilms: Role in pathogenicity and potential impact for vaccination development. Anim Health Res Rev 2017; 19:17-30. [DOI: 10.1017/s146625231700010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the family Pasteurellaceae. It is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory disease that is responsible for major economic losses in the global pork industry. The disease may present itself as a chronic or an acute infection characterized by severe pathology, including hemorrhage, fibrinous and necrotic lung lesions, and, in the worst cases, rapid death. A. pleuropneumoniae is transmitted via aerosol route, direct contact with infected pigs, and by the farm environment. Many virulence factors associated with this bacterium are well characterized. However, much less is known about the role of biofilm, a sessile mode of growth that may have a critical impact on A. pleuropneumoniae pathogenicity. Here we review the current knowledge on A. pleuropneumoniae biofilm, factors associated with biofilm formation and dispersion, and the impact of biofilm on the pathogenesis A. pleuropneumoniae. We also provide an overview of current vaccination strategies against A. pleuropneumoniae and consider the possible role of biofilms vaccines for controlling the disease.
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Liu J, Ma Q, Yang F, Zhu R, Gu J, Sun C, Feng X, Du C, Langford PR, Han W, Yang J, Lei L. B cell cross-epitope of Propionibacterium acnes and Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia selected by phage display library can efficiently protect from Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia infection. Vet Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28622855 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Contagious porcine pleuropneumonia (CPP), caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), is a highly transmissible and fatal respiratory illness that causes tremendous economic losses for the pig breeding industry worldwide. Propionibacterium acnes (PA) has a strong cross-reaction with anti-APP1 and anti-APP5 serum and can efficiently prevent APP infection, which was fortuitously found in researching the differential gene between the different APP serotypes. There seems to be some natural cross-protection between PA and APP. To identify the common epitope, the phage display library of a PA whole genome was constructed, whose size is 105. The DNA sequence of the positive clone was determined after three rounds of biopanning, and ten common protein types were identified and the epitope was predicted by computer software. Six peptide epitopes were selected and synthesized for further analysis. Among these epitopes, Ba1, Bb5 and C1 could bind to anti-PA serum and anti-APP1 serum and vice versa. Furthermore, the IgG and IL-4 levels and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios in the Ba1, Bb5 and C1 groups were significantly higher than that in the control group, indicating that the epitopes could trigger an immune response, which was mainly humoral immunity. Moreover, Ba1 and Bb5 equally protected 80% of mice from a fatal dose of APP1 infection compared with the control group. Mice could resist APP1 and APP5 challenge after being treated with the combination of Ba1 and Bb5, with survival rates of 80% and 90%, respectively. These findings suggest that the PA epitope confers antigenicity and can heterologously resist to the APP infection. This finding provides a novel strategy for preventing APP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyue Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Rining Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongtao Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London W2 1 PG, United Kingdom
| | - Wenyu Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jinlin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang F, Cao S, Zhu Z, Yang Y, Wen X, Chang YF, Huang X, Wu R, Wen Y, Yan Q, Huang Y, Ma X, Zhao Q. Immunoprotective Efficacy of Six In vivo-Induced Antigens against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae as Potential Vaccine Candidates in Murine Model. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1623. [PMID: 27818646 PMCID: PMC5073529 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Six in vivo-induced (IVI) antigens—RnhB, GalU, GalT, Apl_1061, Apl_1166, and HflX were selected for a vaccine trial in a mouse model. The results showed that the IgG levels in each immune group was significantly higher than that of the negative control (P < 0.001). Except rRnhB group, proliferation of splenocytes was observed in all immunized groups and a relatively higher proliferation activity was observed in rGalU and rGalT groups (P < 0.05). In the rGalT vaccinated group, the proportion of CD4+ T cells in spleen was significant higher than that of negative control (P < 0.05). Moreover, proportions of CD4+ T cells in other vaccinated groups were all up-regulated to varying degrees. Up-regulation of both Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines were detected. A survival rate of 87.5, 62.5, and 62.5% were obtained among rGalT, rAPL_1166, and rHflX group, respectively while the remaining three groups was only 25%. Histopathological analyses of lungs indicated that surviving animals from the vaccinated groups showed relatively normal pulmonary structure alveoli. These findings confirm that IVI antigens used as vaccine candidates provide partial protection against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in a mouse model, which could be used as potential vaccine candidates in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Sichuan Science-observation Experiment of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biological Technology, Ministry of AgricultureChengdu, China
| | - Zhuang Zhu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Sichuan Science-observation Experiment of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biological Technology, Ministry of AgricultureChengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
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