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Elgarini M, Mennane Z, Sobh M, Hammoumi A. Bordetella holmesii: Causative agent of pertussis. Arch Pediatr 2024; 31:172-175. [PMID: 38490892 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Bordetella holmesii is a bacterium recently recognized in 1995. It is a gram-negative coccobacillus that can cause pertussis-like symptoms in humans as well as invasive infections. It is often confused with Bordetella pertussis because routine diagnostic tests for whooping cough are not species-specific. The prevalence of B. holmesii as a cause of pertussis has increased in several countries. Therefore, B. holmesii assays are important for determining the epidemiology of pertussis, for the choice of an effective treatment, and for detecting vaccination failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Elgarini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Zakaria Mennane
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Abdalmalek Saadi, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Sobh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdearrahmane Hammoumi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
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Monterrubio-López GP, Llamas-Monroy JL, Martínez-Gómez ÁA, Delgadillo-Gutiérrez K. Novel vaccine candidates of Bordetella pertussis identified by reverse vaccinology. Biologicals 2024; 85:101740. [PMID: 38217963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Whooping cough is a disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, whose morbidity has increased, motivating the improvement of current vaccines. Reverse vaccinology is a strategy that helps identify proteins with good characteristics fast and with fewer resources. In this work, we applied reverse vaccinology to study the B. pertussis proteome and pangenome with several in-silico tools. We analyzed the B. pertussis Tohama I proteome with NERVE software and compared 234 proteins with B. parapertussis, B. bronchiseptica, and B. holmessi. VaxiJen was used to calculate an antigenicity value; our threshold was 0.6, selecting 84 proteins. The candidates were depurated and grouped in eight family proteins to select representative candidates, according to bibliographic information and their immunological response predicted with ABCpred, Bcepred, IgPred, and C-ImmSim. Additionally, a pangenome study was conducted with 603 B. pertussis strains and PanRV software, identifying 3421 core proteins that were analyzed to select the best candidates. Finally, we selected 15 proteins from the proteome study and seven proteins from the pangenome analysis as good vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Paulina Monterrubio-López
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Llamas-Monroy
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ángel Antonio Martínez-Gómez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen Delgadillo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
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Bagordo F, Grassi T, Savio M, Rota MC, Baldovin T, Vicentini C, Napolitano F, Trombetta CM, Gabutti G. Assessment of Pertussis Underreporting in Italy. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051732. [PMID: 36902519 PMCID: PMC10003430 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the degree of pertussis underreporting in Italy. An analysis was performed to compare the frequency of pertussis infections estimated using seroprevalence data with the pertussis incidence based on reported cases among the Italian population. For this purpose, the proportion of subjects who had an anti-PT ≥ 100 IU/mL (indicative of B. pertussis infection within the last 12 months) was compared with the reported incidence rate among the Italian population ≥5 years old, divided into two age groups (6-14 and ≥15 years old), obtained from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) database. The pertussis incidence rate in the Italian population ≥5 years old reported by the ECDC in 2018 was 6.75/100,000 in the 5-14 age group and 0.28/100,000 in the ≥15 age group. The proportion of subjects recruited in the present study with an anti-PT ≥ 100 IU/mL was 0.95% in the 6-14 age group and 0.97% in the ≥15 age group. The estimated rate of pertussis infections based on seroprevalence was approximately 141-fold and 3452-fold higher than the reported incidence in the 6-14 age group and in the ≥15 age group, respectively. Quantification of underreporting can allow for the burden of pertussis, as well as the impact of ongoing vaccination, to be better evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bagordo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Grassi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marta Savio
- Post-Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Rota
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Italian Institute of Health (ISS), 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Tatjana Baldovin
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Hygiene and Public Health Unit, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Costanza Vicentini
- Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Napolitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Gabutti
- National Coordinator of the Working Group “Vaccines and Immunization Policies”, Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 16030 Cogorno, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-347-8889342
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Grassi T, Bagordo F, Savio M, Rota MC, Vitale F, Arghittu A, Sticchi L, Gabutti G. Sero-Epidemiological Study of Bordetella pertussis Infection in the Italian General Population. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122130. [PMID: 36560541 PMCID: PMC9782223 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A multicenter study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of pertussis IgG antibodies (anti-PTx) in the Italian population. Serum samples (4154) collected in the years 2019−2020 from subjects aged 6 to 90 years were tested. The anti-PTx IgG levels were determined by ELISA test. The limit of detection was 5 IU/mL (International Units per milliliter); values ≥ 40 IU/mL and ≥100 IU/mL indicate an infection that has occurred in recent years and a recent infection (occurred during the last year), respectively. The mean concentration of anti-PTx IgG antibodies in the tested samples was 13 IU/mL; 1.0% of subjects had a titer ≥ 100 IU/mL, 5.3% a titer between 40 and 100 IU/mL, and 38.9% a titer < 5 IU/mL. The mean antibody concentration was significantly higher in males than in females. The age group 25−39 years had the lowest percentage of negative subjects (36.9%) and the highest prevalence of subjects with antibody titers ≥ 100 IU/mL (1.3%). In the age group ≥ 65 years, the prevalence of subjects with titers between 40 and 100 IU/mL (6.7%) and the percentage of negative subjects (44.8%) was higher than in the other age groups. The results highlight the possible role of adolescents and adults in the transmission of B. pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Grassi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Bagordo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Marta Savio
- Post-Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Rota
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Italian Institute of Health (ISS), 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Vitale
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Arghittu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Laura Sticchi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gabutti
- National Coordinator of the Working Group “Vaccines and Immunization Policies”, Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 16030 Cogorno, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-347-8889342
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Chen Z, Pang J, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Chen N, Zhang N, He Q. Seroprevalence of Pertussis in Adults at Childbearing Age Pre- and Post- COVID-19 in Beijing, China. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060872. [PMID: 35746480 PMCID: PMC9227865 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of reported pertussis cases has significantly decreased during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic under the influence of strict public health measures in many countries including China. This study evaluated the prevalence of serum anti-pertussis toxin (anti-PT) IgG antibodies in adults at childbearing age pre- and post- COVID-19 in Beijing, China. Altogether, 2021 serum samples collected from individuals aged 20 to 39 years who attended an annual health examination at the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, in 2018~2020 were measured by ELISA. The median concentration of anti-PT IgG antibodies among participants in 2020 (2.96 IU/mL) was significantly lower than that in 2018 (3.27 IU/mL) (p = 0.011) and in 2019 (3.24 IU/mL) (p = 0.014). The percentage of participants with anti-PT IgG antibodies higher than 40 IU/mL (indicating a pertussis infection within the past few years) was 1.79% (9/503) in 2018, 2.04% (15/735) in 2019 and 1.66% (13/783) in 2020, respectively. The corresponding numbers of the non-detectable (<5 IU/mL) rate of anti-PT IgG antibodies were 66.60%, 65.99% and 70.24%. Our results showed that there was a significant difference between true and reported incidence rates even during the COVID-19 pandemic. The proportion of adults at childbearing age without pertussis-specific antibodies is high, suggesting that booster vaccinations in adults should be considered in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Z.C.); (J.P.); (N.C.); (N.Z.)
| | - Jie Pang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Z.C.); (J.P.); (N.C.); (N.Z.)
| | - Yuxiao Zhang
- Medical Research & Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China;
| | - Yiwei Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Z.C.); (J.P.); (N.C.); (N.Z.)
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Z.C.); (J.P.); (N.C.); (N.Z.)
| | - Qiushui He
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (Z.C.); (J.P.); (N.C.); (N.Z.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Infections and Immunity, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-50-472-2255
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Gabutti G, Cetin I, Conversano M, Costantino C, Durando P, Giuffrida S. Experts' Opinion for Improving Pertussis Vaccination Rates in Adolescents and Adults: A Call to Action. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074412. [PMID: 35410091 PMCID: PMC8998413 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This article highlights the importance of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (with reduced antigen content, dTap) vaccination in preventing pertussis, a respiratory infection that is still widespread and easily transmitted. In particular, it highlights the need to receive a booster vaccination throughout life to maintain high antibody levels, which decrease through time. This document collects the opinions that emerged from the comparison between major Italian experts in the field of vaccination. This working group was created to promote a "call to action", aimed at raising awareness among all institutions, public health authorities, and health workers involved in the vaccination process, about the importance of dTap vaccine administration and with the mindset of implementing the strategic vaccination plan provided by the National Vaccine Plan (NVP). In fact, despite this vaccine being included in the NVP, there are some issues attributable to the practice of vaccination (local health authorities, vaccination centers, occupational health services, gynecology centers, societies of work). Therefore, it is necessary that the Ministry defines the vaccination coverage objectives, identifies the groups of subjects who should receive the booster vaccine (subjects exposed to greater risk of infection, subjects over 60, pregnant women), and applies all the necessary measures to encourage the implementation of this practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gabutti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Public Health Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-34-7888-9342
| | - Irene Cetin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department “Woman, Mother and Child”—ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Buzzi Children’ Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Claudio Costantino
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Paolo Durando
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sandro Giuffrida
- Department of Prevention, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale of Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
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