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Agi E, Asghari S, Namvar A, Khairkhah N, Naderi N, Anvar A, Azizi Saraji A, Bolhassani A. Molecular Study of Occult Hepatitis C Infection among Iranian Hemophilia Patients Treated with Direct-acting Antiviral Agents. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/jommid.8.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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2
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Allogeneic transplantation of iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes regenerates primate hearts. Nature 2016; 538:388-391. [PMID: 27723741 DOI: 10.1038/nature19815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) constitute a potential source of autologous patient-specific cardiomyocytes for cardiac repair, providing a major benefit over other sources of cells in terms of immune rejection. However, autologous transplantation has substantial challenges related to manufacturing and regulation. Although major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched allogeneic transplantation is a promising alternative strategy, few immunological studies have been carried out with iPSCs. Here we describe an allogeneic transplantation model established using the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis), the MHC structure of which is identical to that of humans. Fibroblast-derived iPSCs were generated from a MHC haplotype (HT4) homozygous animal and subsequently differentiated into cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). Five HT4 heterozygous monkeys were subjected to myocardial infarction followed by direct intra-myocardial injection of iPSC-CMs. The grafted cardiomyocytes survived for 12 weeks with no evidence of immune rejection in monkeys treated with clinically relevant doses of methylprednisolone and tacrolimus, and showed electrical coupling with host cardiomyocytes as assessed by use of the fluorescent calcium indicator G-CaMP7.09. Additionally, transplantation of the iPSC-CMs improved cardiac contractile function at 4 and 12 weeks after transplantation; however, the incidence of ventricular tachycardia was transiently, but significantly, increased when compared to vehicle-treated controls. Collectively, our data demonstrate that allogeneic iPSC-CM transplantation is sufficient to regenerate the infarcted non-human primate heart; however, further research to control post-transplant arrhythmias is necessary.
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Timosaponin AIII induces apoptosis and autophagy in human melanoma A375-S2 cells. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 40:69-78. [PMID: 27271334 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Timosaponin AIII (AIII), a steroidal saponin isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. Our study showed that AIII induced both apoptosis and autophagy, and autophagy inhibited apoptosis in A375S2 cells. Furtherly, this study was carried out to investigate what kind of cytokines plays an important role in this process. The results revealed that AIII induced apoptosis through activating c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) or extracellular signal related kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and generating NO. However, JNK or ERK inhibited autophagy, while NO had no effect on autophagy. Therefore, JNK, ERK or NO regulates two programmed death processes in different ways. AIII did not show obvious cytotoxic effect on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which indicated that AIII has less side effects on normal cells, and could be considered as a leading compound for developing novel anticancer drug.
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Cordoba F, Wieczorek G, Audet M, Roth L, Schneider MA, Kunkler A, Stuber N, Erard M, Ceci M, Baumgartner R, Apolloni R, Cattini A, Robert G, Ristig D, Munz J, Haeberli L, Grau R, Sickert D, Heusser C, Espie P, Bruns C, Patel D, Rush JS. A novel, blocking, Fc-silent anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody prolongs nonhuman primate renal allograft survival in the absence of B cell depletion. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2825-36. [PMID: 26139432 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CD40-CD154 pathway blockade prolongs renal allograft survival in nonhuman primates (NHPs). However, antibodies targeting CD154 were associated with an increased incidence of thromboembolic complications. Antibodies targeting CD40 prolong renal allograft survival in NHPs without thromboembolic events but with accompanying B cell depletion, raising the question of the relative contribution of B cell depletion to the efficacy of anti-CD40 blockade. Here, we investigated whether fully silencing Fc effector functions of an anti-CD40 antibody can still promote graft survival. The parent anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody HCD122 prolonged allograft survival in MHC-mismatched cynomolgus monkey renal allograft transplantation (52, 22, and 24 days) with accompanying B cell depletion. Fc-silencing yielded CFZ533, an antibody incapable of B cell depletion but still able to potently inhibit CD40 pathway activation. CFZ533 prolonged allograft survival and function up to a defined protocol endpoint of 98-100 days (100, 100, 100, 98, and 76 days) in the absence of B cell depletion and preservation of good histological graft morphology. CFZ533 was well-tolerated, with no evidence of thromboembolic events or CD40 pathway activation and suppressed a gene signature associated with acute rejection. Thus, use of the Fc-silent anti-CD40 antibody CFZ533 appears to be an attractive approach for preventing solid organ transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cordoba
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G Wieczorek
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Audet
- Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - L Roth
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M A Schneider
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Kunkler
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - N Stuber
- Laboratory and Animal Services, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Erard
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Ceci
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Baumgartner
- Laboratory and Animal Services, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Apolloni
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Cattini
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G Robert
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Ristig
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Munz
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Haeberli
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Grau
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Sickert
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Heusser
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Espie
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Bruns
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Patel
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J S Rush
- Department of Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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He H, Zang LH, Feng YS, Wang J, Liu WW, Chen LX, Kang N, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Qiu F, Ikejima T. Physalin A induces apoptotic cell death and protective autophagy in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:880-888. [PMID: 23647462 DOI: 10.1021/np400017k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Physalin A (1) is a withanolide isolated from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii. In this study, the selective growth inhibitory effects on tumor cells induced by 1 were screened, and the mechanism was investigated on 1-induced growth inhibition, including apoptosis and autophagy, in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. Apoptosis induced by 1 in HT1080 cells was associated with up-regulation of caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression. However, there were no significant changes in caspase-9, Bid, Bax, and Bcl-2 expression, indicating that 1-induced apoptosis in HT1080 cells occurs mainly through activation of the death receptor-associated extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Autophagy induced by 1 was found to antagonize apoptosis in HT1080 cells. This effect was enhanced by rapamycin and suppressed by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA). Loss of beclin 1 (as an autophagic regulator) function led to similar results to 3MA. However, 1 did not show inhibitory effects on normal human cells (human peripheral blood mononuclear cells). Taken together, these results suggest that 1 may be a promising agent for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao He
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Sotrastaurin (AEB071) alone and in combination with cyclosporine A prolongs survival times of non-human primate recipients of life-supporting kidney allografts. Transplantation 2012; 93:156-64. [PMID: 22179400 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31823cf92f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sotrastaurin (STN), a novel oral protein kinase C inhibitor that inhibits early T-cell activation, was assessed in non-human primate recipients of life-supporting kidney allografts. METHODS Cynomolgus monkey recipients of life-supporting kidney allografts were treated orally with STN alone or in combination with cyclosporine A (CsA). RESULTS STN monotherapy at 50 mg/kg once daily prolonged recipient survival times to the predefined endpoint of 29 days (n=2); when given at 25 mg/kg twice daily, the median survival time (MST) was 27 days (n=4). Neither once-daily monotherapy of STN 20 mg/kg nor CsA 20 mg/kg was effective (MST 6 days [n=2] and 7 days [n=5], respectively). In combination, however, STN 20 mg/kg and CsA 20 mg/kg prolonged MST to more than 100 days (n=5). By combining lower once-daily doses of STN (7 or 2 mg/kg) with CsA (20 mg/kg), MST was more than 100 (n=3) and 22 days (n=2), respectively. Neither in single-dose pharmacokinetic studies nor the transplant recipients were STN or CsA blood levels for combined treatment greater than when either drug was administered alone. STN blood levels in transplant recipients during combination therapy were dose related (20 mg/kg, 30-182 ng/mL; 7 mg/kg, 7-41 ng/mL; and 2 mg/kg, 3-5 ng/mL). STN at a daily dose of up to 20 mg/kg was relatively well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS STN prolonged survival times of non-human primate kidney allograft recipients both as monotherapy and most effectively in combination with CsA. Pharmacokinetic interactions were not responsible for the potentiation of immunosuppressive efficacy by coadministering STN and CsA.
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Wieczorek G, Bigaud M, Menninger K, Riesen S, Quesniaux V, Schuurman HJ, Audet M, Blancher A, Mihatsch MJ, Nickeleit V. Acute and chronic vascular rejection in nonhuman primate kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:1285-96. [PMID: 16686753 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A nonhuman primate (NHP) study was designed to evaluate in nonlife-supporting kidney allografts the progression from acute rejection with transplant endarteritis (TXA) to chronic rejection (CR) with sclerosing vasculopathy. Group G1 (n = 6) received high cyclosporine A (CsA) immunosuppression and showed neither TXA nor CR during 90 days post-transplantation. Group G2 (n = 6) received suboptimal CsA immunosuppression and showed severe TXA with graft loss within 46 days (median). Arterial intimal changes included infiltration of macrophages and T lymphocytes (CD3, CD4, CD8) with few myofibroblasts, abundant fibronectin/collagen IV, scant collagens I/III, high rate of cellular proliferation and no C4d accumulation along peritubular capillaries. Group G3 (n = 12) received suboptimal CsA and anti-rejection therapy (rabbit ATG + methylprednisolone + CsA) of TXA. Animals developed CR and lost grafts within 65 days (median). As compared to G2, the arterial intimal changes showed less macrophages and T lymphocytes, an increased number of myofibroblasts, abundant fibronectin/collagen IV and scar collagens I/III, C4d deposition along capillaries in 60% of animals and transplant glomerulopathy in 80% of animals. In conclusion, CR is an immune stimulated process initiated during TXA with the accumulation and proliferation of myofibroblasts, and progressive deposition of collagens in the intima. Our experimental design appears well suited to study events leading to CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wieczorek
- Novartis Pharma AG, NIBR Basel, Transplantation Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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Blancher A, Tisseyre P, Dutaur M, Apoil PA, Maurer C, Quesniaux V, Raulf F, Bigaud M, Abbal M. Study of Cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) MhcDRB (Mafa-DRB) polymorphism in two populations. Immunogenetics 2006; 58:269-82. [PMID: 16572321 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-006-0102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cynomolgus monkey is one of the macaque species currently used as an animal model for experimental surgery and medicine, in particular, to experiment new drugs or therapy protocols designed for the prevention of allograft rejection. In this field, it is of utmost importance to select histoincompatible recipient-donor pairs. One way to ensure incompatibility between donor and recipient is to check their major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotypes at the loci playing a determinant role in histocompatibility. We report in this paper on the cynomolgus monkey DRB polymorphism evidenced by sequencing of amplified exon 2 separated either by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), or by cloning. By the study of 253 unrelated animals from two populations (Mauritius and The Philippines), we characterized 50 exon 2 sequences among which 28 were identical to sequences already reported in Macaca fascicularis or other macaque species (Macaca mulatta, Macaca nemestrina). By cloning and sequencing DRB cDNA, we revealed two additional DRB alleles. Out of the 20 haplotypes that we defined here, only two were found in both populations. The functional impact of DR incompatibility was studied in vitro by mixed lymphocyte culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Blancher
- Laboratoire d'Immunogenetique moleculaire, Universite Paul Sabatier, Faculte de Medecine de Rangueil, Batiment A2, 133, Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse cedex 4, France.
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