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Yanagida S, Satsuka A, Hayashi S, Ono A, Kanda Y. Proarrhythmia Risk Assessment Using Electro-Mechanical Window in Human iPS Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:940-947. [PMID: 35786601 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of drug-induced cardiotoxicity is still challenging to avoid adverse effects, such as torsade de pointes (TdP), in non-clinical and clinical studies. Numerous studies have suggested that human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are a useful platform for detecting drug-induced TdP risks. Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) validation study suggested that hiPSC-CMs can assess clinical TdP risk more accurately than the human ether-a-go-go-related assay and QT interval prolongation. However, there were still some outliers, such as bepridil, mexiletine, and ranolazine, among the CiPA 28 compounds in the CiPA international multi-site study using hiPSC-CMs. In this study, we assessed the effects of the positive compound dofetilide, the negative compound aspirin, and several CiPA compounds (bepridil, mexiletine, and ranolazine) on the electromechanical window (E-M window), which were evaluated using multi-electrode array assay and motion analysis, in hiPSC-CMs. Similar to previous in vivo studies, dofetilide, which has a high TdP risk, decreased the E-M window in hiPSC-CMs, whereas aspirin, which has a low TdP risk, had little effect. Bepridil, classified in the high TdP-risk group in CiPA, decreased the E-M window in hiPSC-CMs, whereas ranolazine and mexiletine, which are classified in the low TdP-risk group in CiPA, slightly decreased or had little effect on the E-M window of hiPSC-CMs. Thus, the E-M window in hiPSC-CMs can be used to classify drugs into high and low TdP risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yanagida
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences.,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduated School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Ayano Satsuka
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Sayo Hayashi
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduated School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences.,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduated School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
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Masui A, Hirai T, Gotoh S. Perspectives of future lung toxicology studies using human pluripotent stem cells. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:389-402. [PMID: 34973109 PMCID: PMC8720162 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The absence of in vitro platforms for human pulmonary toxicology studies is becoming an increasingly serious concern. The respiratory system has a dynamic mechanical structure that extends from the airways to the alveolar region. In addition, the epithelial, endothelial, stromal, and immune cells are highly organized in each region and interact with each other to function synergistically. These cells of varied lineage, particularly epithelial cells, have been difficult to use for long-term culture in vitro, thus limiting the development of useful experimental tools. This limitation has set a large distance between the bench and the bedside for analyzing the pathogenic mechanisms, the efficacy of candidate therapeutic agents, and the toxicity of compounds. Several researchers have proposed solutions to these problems by reporting on methods for generating human lung epithelial cells derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Moreover, the use of organoid culture, organ-on-a-chip, and material-based techniques have enabled the maintenance of functional PSC-derived lung epithelial cells as well as primary cells. The aforementioned technological advances have facilitated the in vitro recapitulation of genetic lung diseases and the detection of ameliorating or worsening effects of genetic and chemical interventions, thus indicating the future possibility of more sophisticated preclinical compound assessments in vitro. In this review, we will update the recent advances in lung cell culture methods, principally focusing on human PSC-derived lung epithelial organoid culture systems with the hope of their future application in toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Masui
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Nogi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Skinner M, Hale E, Ceuppens P, Pollard C. Differentiating multichannel block on the guinea pig ECG: Use of T peak-T end and J-T peak. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2021; 111:107085. [PMID: 34182121 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The anaesthetised guinea pig is a well characterised assay for early assessment of drug effects on ventricular repolarisation and risk of Torsade de Pointes (TdP). We assessed whether a selective hERG blocker with known TdP risk could be differentiated from lower risk, balanced ion channel blockers in the guinea pig, using corrected QT (QTc) interval alongside novel electrocardiogram (ECG) biomarkers J-Tpeakc and Tpeak-Tend. Effects were compared with previous clinical investigations at similar plasma concentrations and with another index of TdP risk, the electromechanical window (EMW). METHODS Twenty-two Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs anaesthetised with sodium pentobarbitone were instrumented for haemodynamic measurement and ECG recording. Three ascending doses of vehicle (n = 6), dofetilide (2, 6 or 20 μg/kg; n = 7), ranolazine (2, 6 or 20 mg/kg; n = 5) or verapamil (0.1, 0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg; n = 4) were administered intravenously. RESULTS As reported in previous clinical studies, dofetilide induced dose-dependent increases in QTc interval, with increases in both J-TpeakC or Tpeak-Tend, while verapamil caused no significant increase in QTc interval, J-TpeakC or Tpeak-Tend. Ranolazine caused dose-dependent increases in QTc interval and corrected J-Tpeakc, but had no effect on Tpeak-Tend, which is in contrast to the effects reported in humans at similar concentrations. Only dofetilide caused a clear, dose-related decrease in the EMW. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that measurements of J-Tpeakc and Tpeak-Tend in addition to QT interval, may help differentiate pure hERG channel blockers with high risk of TdP from lower risk, multichannel blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Skinner
- Vivonics Preclinical Ltd, BioCity Nottingham, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK.
| | - Ed Hale
- Vivonics Preclinical Ltd, BioCity Nottingham, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK.
| | - Peter Ceuppens
- Inferstats Consulting Ltd, Biohub at Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK.
| | - Chris Pollard
- Vivonics Preclinical Ltd, BioCity Nottingham, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK.
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Yanagida S, Satsuka A, Hayashi S, Ono A, Kanda Y. Comprehensive Cardiotoxicity Assessment of COVID-19 Treatments Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:227-239. [PMID: 34142159 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread across the globe, with numerous clinical trials underway seeking to develop and test effective COVID-19 therapies, including remdesivir. Several ongoing studies have reported hydroxychloroquine-induced cardiotoxicity, including development of torsade de pointes (TdP). Meanwhile, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are expected to serve as a tool for assessing drug-induced cardiotoxicity, such as TdP and contraction impairment. However, the cardiotoxicity of COVID-19 treatments has not been fully assessed using hiPSC-CMs. In the present study, we focused on drug repurposing with various modes of actions and examined the TdP risk associated with COVID-19 treatments using field potential using multi-electrode array (MEA) system and motion analysis with hiPSC-CMs. Hydroxychloroquine induced early after depolarization, while remdesivir, favipiravir, camostat and ivermectin had little effect on field potentials. We then analyzed electromechanical window (EMw), which is defined as the difference between field potential and contraction-relaxation durations. Hydroxychloroquine decreased EMw of hiPSC-CMs in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, other drugs have little effect. Our data suggest that hydroxychloroquine has proarrhythmic risk and other drugs have low proarrhythmic risk. Thus, hiPSC-CMs represent a useful tool for assessing the comprehensive cardiotoxicity caused by COVID-19 treatments in non-clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yanagida
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Kanagawa, Japan.,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduated School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ayano Satsuka
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sayo Hayashi
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduated School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Kanagawa, Japan
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Linz B, Sattler SM, Flethøj M, Høtbjerg Hansen ME, Hesselkilde EM, Saljic A, Wirth K, Linz D, Tfelt-Hansen J, Jespersen T. Arrhythmogenic mechanisms of acute obstructive respiratory events in a porcine model of drug-induced long QT. Heart Rhythm 2021; 18:1384-1391. [PMID: 33722764 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to elucidate changes in ventricular repolarization and electromechanical interaction during obstructive respiratory events simulated by intermittent negative upper airway pressure (INAP) in pigs. We also investigated the effect of a reduced repolarization reserve in drug-induced long QT (LQT) following INAP-induced changes in ventricular repolarization. METHODS In sedated spontaneously breathing pigs, 75 seconds of INAP was applied by a negative pressure device connected to the endotracheal tube. Ventricular electromechanical coupling was determined by the electromechanical window (EMW) before (pre-INAP), during (INAP), and after INAP (post-INAP). Incidence rates of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) were measured respectively. A drug-induced LQT was modeled by treating the pigs with the hERG1 blocker dofetilide (DOF). RESULTS Whereas QT interval increased during and decreased after INAP (pre-INAP: 273 ± 5 ms; INAP 281 ± 6 ms; post-INAP 254 ± 9 ms), EMW shortened progressively throughout INAP and post-INAP periods (pre-INAP 81 ± 4 ms; post-INAP 44 ± 7 ms). DOF shortened EMW at baseline. Throughout INAP, EMW decreased in a comparable fashion as before DOF (pre-INAP/+DOF 61 ± 7 ms; post-INAP/+DOF 14 ± 9 ms) but resulted in shorter absolute EMW levels. Short EMW levels were associated with increased occurrence of PVCs (pre-INAP 7 ± 2 ms vs post-INAP 26 ± 6 ms; P = .02), which were potentiated in DOF pigs (pre-INAP/+DOF 5 ± 2 ms vs post-INAP/+DOF 40 ± 8 ms; P = .006). Administration of atenolol prevented post-INAP EMW shortening and decreased occurrence of PVCs. CONCLUSION Transient dissociation of ventricular electromechanical coupling during simulated obstructive respiratory events creates a dynamic ventricular arrhythmogenic substrate, which is sympathetically mediated and aggravated by drug-induced LQT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Linz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Stefan Michael Sattler
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Flethøj
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malthe Emil Høtbjerg Hansen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Melis Hesselkilde
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnela Saljic
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dominik Linz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob Tfelt-Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Jespersen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Vargas HM, Rolf MG, Wisialowski TA, Achanzar W, Bahinski A, Bass A, Benson CT, Chaudhary KW, Couvreur N, Dota C, Engwall MJ, Michael Foley C, Gallacher D, Greiter-Wilke A, Guillon JM, Guth B, Himmel HM, Hegele-Hartung C, Ito M, Jenkinson S, Chiba K, Lagrutta A, Levesque P, Martel E, Okai Y, Peri R, Pointon A, Qu Y, Teisman A, Traebert M, Yoshinaga T, Gintant GA, Leishman DJ, Valentin JP. Time for a Fully Integrated Nonclinical-Clinical Risk Assessment to Streamline QT Prolongation Liability Determinations: A Pharma Industry Perspective. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 109:310-318. [PMID: 32866317 PMCID: PMC7891594 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Defining an appropriate and efficient assessment of drug‐induced corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation (a surrogate marker of torsades de pointes arrhythmia) remains a concern of drug developers and regulators worldwide. In use for over 15 years, the nonclinical International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) S7B and clinical ICH E14 guidances describe three core assays (S7B: in vitro hERG current & in vivo QTc studies; E14: thorough QT study) that are used to assess the potential of drugs to cause delayed ventricular repolarization. Incorporating these assays during nonclinical or human testing of novel compounds has led to a low prevalence of QTc‐prolonging drugs in clinical trials and no new drugs having been removed from the marketplace due to unexpected QTc prolongation. Despite this success, nonclinical evaluations of delayed repolarization still minimally influence ICH E14‐based strategies for assessing clinical QTc prolongation and defining proarrhythmic risk. In particular, the value of ICH S7B‐based “double‐negative” nonclinical findings (low risk for hERG block and in vivo QTc prolongation at relevant clinical exposures) is underappreciated. These nonclinical data have additional value in assessing the risk of clinical QTc prolongation when clinical evaluations are limited by heart rate changes, low drug exposures, or high‐dose safety considerations. The time has come to meaningfully merge nonclinical and clinical data to enable a more comprehensive, but flexible, clinical risk assessment strategy for QTc monitoring discussed in updated ICH E14 Questions and Answers. Implementing a fully integrated nonclinical/clinical risk assessment for compounds with double‐negative nonclinical findings in the context of a low prevalence of clinical QTc prolongation would relieve the burden of unnecessary clinical QTc studies and streamline drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo M Vargas
- Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Michael G Rolf
- Research & Development, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Todd A Wisialowski
- Global Safety Pharmacology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | - Alan Bass
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Nicolas Couvreur
- Safety Pharmacology, Institute de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Corina Dota
- Research & Development, Chief Medical Officer Organization, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael J Engwall
- Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - C Michael Foley
- Integrative Pharmacology, Abbvie, Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David Gallacher
- Global Safety Pharmacology, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | | | - Brian Guth
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | | | - Maki Ito
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen Jenkinson
- Global Safety Pharmacology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Katsuyoshi Chiba
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Paul Levesque
- BMS Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Eric Martel
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Yoshiko Okai
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ravikumar Peri
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy Pointon
- Research & Development, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yusheng Qu
- Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Ard Teisman
- Global Safety Pharmacology, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Martin Traebert
- Safety Pharmacology, Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Gary A Gintant
- Integrative Pharmacology, Abbvie, Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
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7
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A Bayesian approach to toxicological testing. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 105:106898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Davies MR, Martinec M, Walls R, Schwarz R, Mirams GR, Wang K, Steiner G, Surinach A, Flores C, Lavé T, Singer T, Polonchuk L. Use of Patient Health Records to Quantify Drug-Related Pro-arrhythmic Risk. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 1:100076. [PMID: 33205069 PMCID: PMC7659582 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing expectation that computational approaches may supplement existing human decision-making. Frontloading of models for cardiac safety prediction is no exception to this trend, and ongoing regulatory initiatives propose use of high-throughput in vitro data combined with computational models for calculating proarrhythmic risk. Evaluation of these models requires robust assessment of the outcomes. Using FDA Adverse Event Reporting System reports and electronic healthcare claims data from the Truven-MarketScan US claims database, we quantify the incidence rate of arrhythmia in patients and how this changes depending on patient characteristics. First, we propose that such datasets are a complementary resource for determining relative drug risk and assessing the performance of cardiac safety models for regulatory use. Second, the results suggest important determinants for appropriate stratification of patients and evaluation of additional drug risk in prescribing and clinical support algorithms and for precision health. In vitro data and computational models can assist with calculating pro-arrhythmic risk We use patient health records and FDA Adverse Event Reporting System reports Use of such datasets helps assess relative drug risk and cardiac safety models We quantify how patient characteristics can affect arrhythmia incidence
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Martinec
- PHC Data Science, Personalized Healthcare, Product Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Walls
- PHC Data Science, Personalized Healthcare, Product Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roman Schwarz
- Safety Analytics and Reporting, Drug Safety, Pharmaceutical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gary R Mirams
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine & Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ken Wang
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guido Steiner
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Thierry Lavé
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Singer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Liudmila Polonchuk
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
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Morissette P, Polak S, Chain A, Zhai J, Imredy JP, Wildey MJ, Travis J, Fitzgerald K, Fanelli P, Passini E, Rodriguez B, Sannajust F, Regan C. Combining an in silico proarrhythmic risk assay with a tPKPD model to predict QTc interval prolongation in the anesthetized guinea pig assay. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 390:114883. [PMID: 31981640 PMCID: PMC7322544 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human-based in silico models are emerging as important tools to study the effects of integrating inward and outward ion channel currents to predict clinical proarrhythmic risk. The aims of this study were 2-fold: 1) Evaluate the capacity of an in silico model to predict QTc interval prolongation in the in vivo anesthetized cardiovascular guinea pig (CVGP) assay for new chemical entities (NCEs) and; 2) Determine if a translational pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (tPKPD) model can improve the predictive capacity. In silico simulations for NCEs were performed using a population of human ventricular action potential (AP) models. PatchXpress® (PX) or high throughput screening (HTS) ion channel data from respectively n = 73 and n = 51 NCEs were used as inputs for the in silico population. These NCEs were also tested in the CVGP (n = 73). An M5 pruned decision tree-based regression tPKPD model was used to evaluate the concentration at which an NCE is liable to prolong the QTc interval in the CVGP. In silico results successfully predicted the QTc interval prolongation outcome observed in the CVGP with an accuracy/specificity of 85%/73% and 75%/77%, when using PX and HTS ion channel data, respectively. Considering the tPKPD predicted concentration resulting in QTc prolongation (EC5%) increased accuracy/specificity to 97%/95% using PX and 88%/97% when using HTS. Our results support that human-based in silico simulations in combination with tPKPD modeling can provide correlative results with a commonly used early in vivo safety assay, suggesting a path toward more rapid NCE assessment with reduced resources, cycle time, and animal use. Cardiac electrophysiological in silico model predicts QTc interval prolongation in the guinea pig. PKPD model predicts relevant QTc interval prolongation concentration in guinea pig. Combining the models improves the accuracy of predicting guinea pig QTc effects. Combining models accelerates assessment of QTc with lower resources and animal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Morissette
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources (SALAR), Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA.
| | - Sebastian Polak
- Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Sheffield, UK; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anne Chain
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Jin Zhai
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources (SALAR), Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - John P Imredy
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources (SALAR), Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Mary Jo Wildey
- Pharmacology, Screening and Informatics, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Jeffrey Travis
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources (SALAR), Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Fitzgerald
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources (SALAR), Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Fanelli
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources (SALAR), Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Elisa Passini
- Computational Cardiovascular Science Group, Department of Computer Science, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Computational Cardiovascular Science Group, Department of Computer Science, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Frederick Sannajust
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources (SALAR), Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Regan
- Safety Assessment & Laboratory Animal Resources (SALAR), Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
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10
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Passini E, Trovato C, Morissette P, Sannajust F, Bueno-Orovio A, Rodriguez B. Drug-induced shortening of the electromechanical window is an effective biomarker for in silico prediction of clinical risk of arrhythmias. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3819-3833. [PMID: 31271649 PMCID: PMC6780030 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Early identification of drug-induced cardiac adverse events is key in drug development. Human-based computer models are emerging as an effective approach, complementary to in vitro and animal models. Drug-induced shortening of the electromechanical window has been associated with increased risk of arrhythmias. This study investigates the potential of a cellular surrogate for the electromechanical window (EMw) for prediction of pro-arrhythmic cardiotoxicity, and its underlying ionic mechanisms, using human-based computer models. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In silico drug trials for 40 reference compounds were performed, testing up to 100-fold the therapeutic concentrations (EFTPCmax ) and using a control population of human ventricular action potential (AP) models, optimised to capture pro-arrhythmic ionic profiles. EMw was calculated for each model in the population as the difference between AP and Ca2+ transient durations at 90%. Drug-induced changes in the EMw and occurrence of repolarisation abnormalities (RA) were quantified. KEY RESULTS Drugs with clinical risk of Torsade de Pointes arrhythmias induced a concentration-dependent EMw shortening, while safe drugs lead to increase or small change in EMw. Risk predictions based on EMw shortening achieved 90% accuracy at 10× EFTPCmax , whereas RA-based predictions required 100× EFTPCmax to reach the same accuracy. As it is dependent on Ca2+ transient, the EMw was also more sensitive than AP prolongation in distinguishing between pure hERG blockers and multichannel compounds also blocking the calcium current. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The EMw is an effective biomarker for in silico predictions of drug-induced clinical pro-arrhythmic risk, particularly for compounds with multichannel blocking action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Passini
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cristian Trovato
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pierre Morissette
- SALAR, Safety and Exploratory Pharmacology Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Frederick Sannajust
- SALAR, Safety and Exploratory Pharmacology Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | | | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Sánchez-Macías D, Barba-Maggi L, Morales-delaNuez A, Palmay-Paredes J. Guinea pig for meat production: A systematic review of factors affecting the production, carcass and meat quality. Meat Sci 2018; 143:165-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ando H, Yoshinaga T, Yamamoto W, Asakura K, Uda T, Taniguchi T, Ojima A, Shinkyo R, Kikuchi K, Osada T, Hayashi S, Kasai C, Miyamoto N, Tashibu H, Yamazaki D, Sugiyama A, Kanda Y, Sawada K, Sekino Y. A new paradigm for drug-induced torsadogenic risk assessment using human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 84:111-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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