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González-Méndez AS, Tórtora Pérez JL, Rojas-Anaya E, Ramírez Álvarez H. Study of the Genetic Expression of Antiretroviral Restriction Factors and Acute Phase Proteins in Cattle Infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040529. [PMID: 37111415 PMCID: PMC10146972 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to analyze the genetic expression of antiretroviral restriction factors (ARF) and acute phase proteins (APP), as well as their correlation with proviral and viral loads in cattle with aleukemic (AL) and persistent lymphocytosis (PL). Complete blood samples were collected from a herd of dairy cows, and we extracted genetic material from peripheral blood leukocytes. Absolute quantification of the expression of ARF (APOBEC-Z1, Z2, and Z3; HEXIM-1, HEXIM-2, and BST2) and APP (haptoglobin (HP), and serum amyloid A (SAA)) was performed by qPCR. Statistical significance was observed in the expression of APOBEC-Z3 in BLV-infected animals. We only found positive correlations with a strong expression of the ARF genes in the AL group. The participation of APOBEC (Z1 and Z3), HEXIM-1, and HEXIM-2 was more frequently identified in BLV-infected animals. HEXIM-2 showed active gene expression in the AL group. Although the expression of ARF in early stages of infection (AL) maintains an important participation, in late stages (PL) it seems to have little relevance.
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Petersen MI, Carignano HA, Mongini C, Gonzalez DD, Jaworski JP. Bovine leukemia virus encoded blv-miR-b4-3p microRNA is associated with reduced expression of anti-oncogenic gene in vivo. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281317. [PMID: 36730262 PMCID: PMC9894392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes malignant B-cell lymphoma in up to ten-percent of infected cattle. To date, the mechanisms of BLV linked to malignant transformation remain elusive. Although BLV-encoded miRNAs have been associated with the regulation of different genes involved in oncogenic pathways, this association has not been evaluated in cattle naturally infected with BLV. The objective of this study was to determine the relative expression of BLV-encoded miRNA blv-miR-b4-3p, the host analogous miRNA bo-miR-29a and a couple of potential target mRNAs (HBP-1 and PXDN, with anti-tumorigenic function in B-cells), in cattle naturally infected with BLV compared to uninfected animals (control group). We observed that PXDN was significantly downregulated in BLV-infected cattle (P = 0.03). Considering the similar expression of endogenous bo-miR-29a in both animal groups, the downregulation of PXDN in BLV-naturally infected cattle could be linked to blv-miR-b4-3p expression in these animals. Knowing that PXDN is involved in anti-tumoral pathways in B-cells, the results presented here suggest that blv-miR-b4-3p might be involved in BLV tumorigenesis during natural infection with BLV in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos I. Petersen
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo A. Carignano
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Mongini
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego D. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P. Jaworski
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Rola-Łuszczak M, Materniak-Kornas M, Kubiś P, Pluta A, Smagacz M, Kuźmak J. Transcriptome Analysis of Bovine Macrophages (BoMac) Cells after Infection with Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus. J Vet Res 2022; 66:487-95. [PMID: 36846036 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) is found worldwide in cattle under natural conditions. However, the effect of BIV infection on immune functions has not been fully characterised. Material and Methods Transcriptome analysis of BoMac cells after in vitro infection with BIV was performed using BLOPlus bovine microarrays. Genes identified as differentially expressed were subjected to functional analysis with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software (IPA). Results Out of 1,743 genes with altered expression, 1,315 were mapped as unique molecules. In total, 718 genes were identified as upregulated and 597 genes as downregulated. Differentially expressed genes were involved in 16 pathways related to immune response. The most enriched canonical pathway was leukocyte extravasation signalling. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) production was indicated as the most activated pathway and the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 (PFKFB4) signalling pathway was the most inhibited one. In addition, the study showed that the inflammatory response was decreased during BIV infection. Conclusion This is the first report to describe the microarray analysis of changes in gene expression upon BIV infection of bovine macrophages. Our data indicated how BIV influences the expression of genes and signalling pathways engaged in the immune response.
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Manish Tiwari, Monika Sodhi, Preeti Verma, Prince Vivek, Ranjit S. Kataria, Saket K. Niranjan, Vijay K. Bharti, Nampher Masharing, Gayatri Gujar, Divya Chanda, Manishi Mukesh. Selection of species specific panel of reference genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of native livestock species adapted to trans-Himalayan region of Leh-Ladakh. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18473. [PMID: 36323741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of appropriate references genes is an integral component of any gene expression-based study for getting accuracy and reliability in data interpretation. In this study, we evaluated the expression stability of 10 candidate reference genes (GAPDH, RPL4, EEF1A1, RPS9, HPRT1, UXT, RPS23, B2M, RPS15, ACTB) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of livestock species that are adapted to high altitude hypoxia conditions of Leh-Ladakh. A total of 37 PBMCs samples from six native livestock species of Leh-Ladakh region such as Ladakhi cattle, Ladakhi yak, Ladakhi donkey, Chanthangi goat, Double hump cattle and Zanskar ponies were included in this study. The commonly used statistical algorithms such as geNorm, Normfinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder were employed to assess the stability of these RGs in all the livestock species. Our study has identified different panel of reference genes in each species; for example, EEF1A1, RPL4 in Ladakhi cattle; GAPDH, RPS9, ACTB in Ladakhi yak; HPRT1, B2M, ACTB in Ladakhi donkey; HPRT1, B2M, ACTB in Double hump camel, RPS9, HPRT1 in Changthangi goat, HPRT1 and ACTB in Zanskar ponies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic attempt to identify panel of RGs across different livestock species types adapted to high altitude hypoxia conditions. In future, the findings of the present study would be quite helpful in conducting any transcriptional studies to understand the molecular basis of high altitude adaptation of native livestock population of Leh-Ladakh.
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Tang J, Liang G, Dong S, Shan S, Zhao M, Guo X. Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Normalization in Athetis dissimilis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Under Different Conditions. Front Physiol 2022; 13:842195. [PMID: 35273523 PMCID: PMC8902415 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.842195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reference genes are the key to study gene expression patterns using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). No studies on the reference genes of Athetis dissimilis, an important agricultural pest, have been reported. In order to determine the reference genes for qRT-PCR normalization in A. dissimilis under different conditions, 10 candidate genes [18S ribosomal protein (18S), 28S ribosomal protein (28S), arginine kinase (AK), elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1-α), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), ribosomal protein L32 (RPL32), ribosomal protein L40 (RPL40), alpha-tubulin (α-TUB), beta-actin (β-ACT), and beta-tubulin (β-TUB)] of A. dissimilis were selected to evaluate their stability as reference genes under different biotic and abiotic conditions by using five tools, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCt, and RefFinder. Furthermore, CSP1 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were used as target genes to validate the candidate reference genes. The results showed that different reference genes were needed under different experimental conditions, among which, EF-1α, RPL40, and 18S are most suitable reference genes for studying genes related development stages of A. dissimilis, RPL40 and α-TUB for larval tissues, α-TUB and 28S for adult tissues, EF-1α and β-ACT for insecticidal treatments, β-ACT and 28S for temperature treatments, EF-1α and β-ACT for starvation treatments, RPL40 and 18S for dietary treatments, and 18S, 28S, and α-TUB for all the samples. These results provide suitable reference genes for studying gene expression in A. dissimilis under different experimental conditions, and also lay the foundation for further research into the function of related genes in A. dissimilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Tang
- Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gemei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqi Dong
- Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuang Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianru Guo
- Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control/College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Teixeira LFS, Gigliotti R, da Silva Ferreira L, Bellini MH. Identification of appropriate housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in human renal cell carcinoma under hypoxic conditions. Mol Biol Rep 2022. [PMID: 35277789 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia pathways are deregulated in clear renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) because of the loss of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor function. Quantitative PCR is a powerful tool for quantifying differential expression between normal and cancer cells. Reliable gene expression analysis requires the use of genes encoding housekeeping genes. Therefore, in this study, eight reference candidate genes were evaluated to determine their stability in 786-0 cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Four different tools were used to rank the most stable genes-geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and Comparative Ct (ΔCt), and a general ranking was performed using RankAggreg. According to the four algorithms, the TFRC reference gene was identified as the most stable. There was no agreement among the results from the algorithms for the 2nd and 3rd positions. A general classification was then established using the RankAggreg tool. Finally, the three most suitable reference genes for use in 786-0 cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions were TFRC, RPLP0, and SDHA. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify reliable genes that can be used for gene expression analysis in ccRCC in a hypoxic environment.
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Wu X, Yang W, Ren Z, Cheng J, Luo Y, Wang Y, Yang Z, Yao X, Zhao W, Li Y, Tang K. Reference gene screening for analyzing gene expression in the heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of forest musk deer. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1750-1759. [PMID: 34615843 PMCID: PMC8636893 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The screening of reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) in forest musk deer (FMD) tissue is of great significance to the basic research on FMD. However, there are few reports
on the stability analysis of FMD reference genes so far. In this study, We used qPCR to detect the expression levels of 11 reference gene candidates (18S rRNA, beta-actin
[ACTB], glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH], TATA box-binding protein [TBP], hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1
[HPRT1], tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta polypeptide [YWHAZ], hydroxymethylbilane synthase
[HMBS], eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 [EEF1A1], succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A [SDHA],
peptidylprolyl isomerase B [PPIB], and ubiquitin C [UBC]) in heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of FMD. After removing 18S rRNA on
account of its high expression level, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and ΔCt algorithms were used to evaluate the expression stability of the remaining genes in the five organs, and further
comprehensive ranking was calculated by RefFinder. According to the results, the selected reference genes with the most stable expression in the heart of FMD are SDHA and
YWHAZ, while in the liver are ACTB and SDHA; in the spleen and lung are YWHAZ and HPRT1; in the kidney
are YWHAZ and PPIB. The use of common reference genes in all five organs is not recommended. The analyses showed that tissue is an important variability
factor in genes expression stability. Meanwhile, the result can be used as a reference for the selection of reference genes for qPCR in further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ziwei Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianguo Cheng
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yimeng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kexin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan Province, China
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Lozano-Villegas KJ, Rodríguez-Hernández R, Herrera-Sánchez MP, Uribe-García HF, Naranjo-Gómez JS, Otero-Arroyo RJ, Rondón-Barragán IS. Identification of Reference Genes for Expression Studies in the Whole-Blood from Three Cattle Breeds under Two States of Livestock Weather Safety. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3073. [PMID: 34827805 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Reductions in the fertility, body weight, and growth rate of cattle across the world are associated with the global warming phenomenon. Developing optimal management strategies is an important aspect of breeding programs for different breeds. Blood tissue undergoes dramatic physiological and metabolic changes during heat stress conditions, which involves the expression and regulation of a great number of genes across species. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a method for the rapid and reliable quantification of mRNA transcription. Reference genes are used to normalize mRNA levels between different samples. Thus, the selection of high-quality reference genes is necessary for the interpretation of data generated by real-time PCR. Abstract Real-time PCR is widely used to study the relative abundance of mRNA due to its specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability quantification. However, relative quantification requires a reference gene, which should be stable in its expression, showing lower variation by experimental conditions or tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of the expression of five commonly used reference genes (actb, ywhaz, b2m, sdha, and 18s rRNA) at different physiological stages (alert and emergency) in three different cattle breeds. In this study, five genes (actb, ywhaz, b2m, sdha, and 18s rRNA) were selected as candidate reference genes for expression studies in the whole blood from three cattle breeds (Romosinuano, Gyr, and Brahman) under heat stress conditions. The transcription stability of the candidate reference genes was evaluated using geNorm and NormFinder. The results showed that actb, 18SrRNA, and b2m expression were the most stable reference genes for whole blood of Gyr and Brahman breeds under two states of livestock weather safety (alert and emergency). Meanwhile, actb, b2m, and ywhaz were the most stable reference genes for the Romosinuano breed.
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Giglioti R, Azevedo BT, de Oliveira HN, Katiki LM, Filho AEV, de Sena Oliveira MC, Okino CH. How long does the mRNA remains stable in untreated whole bovine blood? Mol Biol Rep 2021. [PMID: 34655019 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06808-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High quality and quantity of messenger RNA (mRNA) are required for accuracy of gene expression studies and other RNA-based downstream applications. Since RNA is considered a labile macromolecular prone to degradation, which may result in falsely altered gene expression patterns, several commercial stabilizing reagents have been developed aiming to keep RNA stable for long period. However, for studies involving large number of experimental samples, the high costs related to these specific reagents may constitute a barrier. METHODS AND RESULTS In this context the present study was designed aiming to evaluate the stability of mRNA in whole bovine blood collected in EDTA tubes during storage at common fridge (4 °C). Whole blood samples were collected from six Holstein calves and submitted to RNA extraction in each different interval: immediately after blood sampling (< 2 h), at 1-day post-sampling (dps), 2 dps, 3 dps, 7 dps and 14dps intervals. RNA integrity and purity were evaluated, and RT-qPCR assays were run using seven different genes (B2M, ACTB, PPIA, GAPDH, YWHAZ, CD4 and IFN-γ) aiming to evaluate the presence of altered gene transcription during storage. All extracted RNA samples presented high purity, while optimal integrity and unaltered gene expression were observed in whole experimental group up to 3 days of storage. CONCLUSION Bovine blood RNA remained stable in K3EDTA tubes for 3 days stored at common fridge and can be successfully and accurately used for gene expression studies.
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Xie J, Liu T, Khashaveh A, Yi C, Liu X, Zhang Y. Identification and Evaluation of Suitable Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Analysis in Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Under Different Biotic and Abiotic Conditions. Front Physiol 2021; 12:669510. [PMID: 34079474 PMCID: PMC8165390 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.669510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is an accurate and convenient technique for quantifying expression levels of the target genes. Selection of the appropriate reference gene is of the vital importance for RT-qPCR analysis. Hippodamia variegata is one of the most important predatory natural enemies of aphids. Recently, transcriptome and genome sequencings of H. variegata facilitate the gene functional studies. However, there has been rare investigation on the detection of stably expressed reference genes in H. variegata. In the current study, by using five analytical tools (Delta Ct, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder), eight candidate reference genes, namely, Actin, EF1α, RPL7, RPL18, RPS23, Tubulin-α, Tubulin-β, and TufA, were evaluated under four experimental conditions including developmental stages, tissues, temperatures, and diets. As a result, a specific set of reference genes were recommended for each experimental condition. These findings will help to improve the accuracy and reliability of RT-qPCR data, and lay a foundation for further exploration on the gene function of H. variegata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tinghui Liu
- College of Plant Protections, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Adel Khashaveh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoqun Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Plant Protections, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Plant Protections, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ezdakova IY, Kapustina OV, Gulyukin MI, Stepanova TV. [Characterization of B1-cells during experimental leukomogenesis.]. Vopr Virusol 2021; 65:35-40. [PMID: 32496719 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-1-35-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine leukemia causes a significant polyclonal expansion of CD5+, IgM+ B lymphocytes, known as persistent lymphocytosis (PL), in approximately 30% of infected cattle. However, it is not yet clear what happens to this subpopulation of B cells in the early period of infection of animals. PURPOSE Quantitative characterization of IgM+ and CD5+ B cells during the immune response, which can provide important information on the mechanisms of lymphocyte priming in BLV infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS The experiment used BLV-negative calves of black-motley breed at the age of 8 months (n = 11). Animals (n = 8) were intravenously injected with blood of a BLV-positive cow. Control calves (n = 3) were injected with saline. Studies were performed before and after infection on days 5, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 65 of the immune response. The determination of the number of B-lymphocytes in the blood was carried out by the method of immunoperoxidase staining based on monoclonal antibodies to IgM, CD5. RESULTS As a result of the studies, it was found that the level of CD5+ B cells increases on the 14th day of the primary immune response, characterized by polyclonal proliferation of CD5+ B cells, which are the primary target for BLV. Our research data confirm that in the lymphocytes of experimentally infected cattle, surface aggregation of IgM and CD5 molecules on B-lymphocytes is absent. DISCUSSION It is known that the wave-like nature of IgM synthesis, which was shown in previous studies, depends on a subpopulation of B1 cells. After 7 days of the immune response, IgM+ and CD5+ cells do not correlate, which shows their functional difference. The increase in CD5+ cells is probably not associated with B cells, but with T cells differentiating under the influence of the virus. CONCLUSIONS A subset of B1 cells is the primary target of cattle leukemia virus. The 65th day of the immune response is characterized by the expansion of IgM+ B cells, a decrease in the number of CD5+ cells and a uniform distribution of receptors around the perimeter of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Y Ezdakova
- All-Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 109428, Russia
| | - O V Kapustina
- All-Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 109428, Russia
| | - M I Gulyukin
- All-Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 109428, Russia
| | - T V Stepanova
- All-Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 109428, Russia
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Carranza-Lopez L, Alvarez-Ortega N, Caballero-Gallardo K, Gonzalez-Montes A, Olivero-Verbel J. Biomonitoring of Lead Exposure in Children from Two Fishing Communities at Northern Colombia. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:850-860. [PMID: 32488615 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure is a growing concern in developing countries, especially in vulnerable children. The objective of this study was to evaluate blood lead levels (BLL) in children from two fishing populations at Northern Colombia, Loma de Arena and Tierrabomba, as well as their association with morphometric parameters, markers of hematological status, liver function, and mRNA expression of genes related to Pb toxicity. A total of 198 blood samples were collected from participants aged 5-16 years old. The mean (± standard error) BLL for the studied sample was 3.6 ± 0.3 μg/dL, and the 97.5th percentile was 21.0 μg/dL. The participants of Loma de Arena and Tierrabomba presented BLL of 3.9 ± 0.5 and 2.9 ± 0.3 μg/dL, respectively. Children born preterm had greater BLL than those born at full term. Boys had greater BLL than girls, which also occurred for participants between 12 and 16 years old, compared with those aged 5-11 years old. The BLL were negatively correlated with body mass index in children from Loma de Arena, but an opposite behavior was observed for Tierrabomba. In Loma de Arena, the mRNA expression of interferon gamma, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, increased with the BLL, but that of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydrogenase, a sensor for Pb poisoning, decreased. In Tierrabomba, gene expression did not change with BLL. These results show that in fishing communities, lead exposure promotes different health impacts depending on age, sex, and other site-specific factors. In any case, appropriate educational and intervention programs should be carried out to minimize Pb exposure in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Carranza-Lopez
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
- Medicine and Biotechnology Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Bacteriology Program, Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla, Barranquilla, 080016, Colombia
| | - Neda Alvarez-Ortega
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Karina Caballero-Gallardo
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Audreis Gonzalez-Montes
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
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13
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Petersen MI, Carignano HA, Suarez Archilla G, Caffaro ME, Alvarez I, Miretti MM, Trono K. Expression-based analysis of genes related to single nucleotide polymorphism hits associated with bovine leukemia virus proviral load in Argentinean dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1993-2007. [PMID: 33246606 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In dairy cattle infected with bovine leukemia virus (BLV), the proviral load (PVL) level is directly related to the viral transmission from infected animals to their healthy herdmates. Two contrasting phenotypic groups can be identified when assessing PVL in peripheral blood of infected cows. A large number of reports point to bovine genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms) as one of the key determinants underlying PVL level. However, biological mechanisms driving BLV PVL profiles and infection progression in cattle have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated whether a set of candidate genes affecting BLV PVL level according to whole genome association studies are differentially expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from phenotypically contrasting groups of BLV-infected cows. During a 10-mo-long sampling scheme, 129 Holstein cows were phenotyped measuring anti-BLV antibody levels, PVL quantification, and white blood cell subpopulation counts. Finally, the expression of 8 genes (BOLA-DRB3, PRRC2A, ABT1, TNF, BAG6, BOLA-A, LY6G5B, and IER3) located within the bovine major histocompatibility complex region harboring whole genome association SNP hits was evaluated in 2 phenotypic groups: high PVL (n = 7) and low PVL (n = 8). The log2 initial fluorescence value (N0) transformed mean expression values for the ABT1 transcription factor were statistically different in high- and low-PVL groups, showing a higher expression of the ABT1 gene in low-PVL cows. The PRRC2A and IER3 genes had a significant positive (correlation coefficient = 0.61) and negative (correlation coefficient = -0.45) correlation with the lymphocyte counts, respectively. Additionally, the relationships between gene expression values and lymphocyte counts were modeled using linear regressions. Lymphocyte levels in infected cows were better explained (coefficient of determination = 0.56) when fitted a multiple linear regression model using both PRRC2A and IER3 expression values as independent variables. The present study showed evidence of differential gene expression between contrasting BLV infection phenotypes. These genes have not been previously related to BLV pathobiology. This valuable information represents a step forward in understanding the BLV biology and the immune response of naturally infected cows under a commercial milk production system. Efforts to elucidate biological mechanisms leading to BLV infection progression in cows are valuable for BLV control programs. Further studies integrating genotypic data, global transcriptome analysis, and BLV progression phenotypes are needed to better understand the BLV-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Petersen
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, B1686 Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H A Carignano
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, B1686 Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, B1686 Hurlingham, Argentina.
| | - G Suarez Archilla
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, S2300 Rafaela, Argentina
| | - M E Caffaro
- Instituto de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, B1686 Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - I Alvarez
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, B1686 Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M M Miretti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Grupo de Investigación en Genética Aplicada, Instituto de Biología Subtropical, FCEQyN, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, N3300 Posadas, Argentina
| | - K Trono
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, B1686 Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Yin J, Sun L, Zhang Q, Cao C. Screening and evaluation of the stability of expression of reference genes in Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) using qRT-PCR. Gene 2020; 749:144712. [PMID: 32360412 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) has rapidly become the most sensitive and accurate method for the quantitative analysis of gene expression. Normalization of gene expression to that of relatively stably expressed housekeeping genes is required to facilitate the study of gene expression and to obtain more accurate RT-PCR data. However, no studies of the stability of expression of housekeeping genes in Lymantria dispar have been reported. In the present study, BestKeeper, GeNorm and NormFinder statistical software was used to evaluate the expression of thirteen candidate reference genes in L. dispar under different conditions. The expression levels of candidate reference genes were determined for two biological factors (developmental stages and tissues) and four abiotic treatments (temperature, insecticide, CO2 and starvation). The results showed that the best candidate reference genes in L. dispar were TUB, AK, RPS15 for developmental stages, RPL32 and GAPDH for tissues, ACTB and EF1-α for CO2 stress, GAPDH and RPL32 for temperature stress, RPS3 and GAPDH for insecticide stress, and GAPDH and RPS3 for starvation stress. In summary, EF1-α and TUB are preferential housekeeping genes in L. dispar under various conditions. These results provide a basis for the further study of functional genes of L. dispar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Qihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Chuanwang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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15
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Sipka AS, Chandler TL, Behling-Kelly EL, Overton TR, Mann S. The effect of ex vivo lipopolysaccharide stimulation and nutrient availability on transition cow innate immune cell AKT/mTOR pathway responsiveness. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:1956-1968. [PMID: 31864738 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum dairy cows experience a heightened inflammatory state coinciding with the time of greatest nutrient deficit. Nutrient availability is sensed on the cellular level by nutrient sensing kinases, such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR (mTOR) pathway, a key orchestrator of immune cell activation and inflammatory balance. Our objective was to determine the responsiveness of this pathway to inflammatory stimulation with and without nutrient supplementation ex vivo. Blood samples were collected from Holstein cows (n = 14) at -42, -14, 7, 21, and 42 d relative to calving. Control samples and samples pretreated with a mixture of amino acids, glucose, and insulin (AAM) were stimulated with 100 ng/mL E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS; LPS, AAMLPS) or left unstimulated (control, AAM). After 1 h, ratios of mean fluorescence intensity for phosphorylated to total protein of AKT and mTORC1 substrates S6RP and 4EBP1 were analyzed in polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), and monocytes by flow cytometry. A separate aliquot was stimulated with LPS for 2 h and relative mRNA abundance of IL10, IL12A, IL12B, and TNFA in whole blood leukocytes from 10 cows was measured by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. Repeated measures ANOVA was performed with fixed effects of time, treatment, and their interaction. Cells had different ratios of pathway proteins with PMN having the highest phosphorylation of AKT, S6RP, and 4EBP1. Stimulation with LPS consistently activated mTOR signaling in PMN regardless of nutrient supplementation except for postpartum 4EBP1, which increased in response to nutrients alone. In monocytes, AKT baseline phosphorylation was lower and activation could not be induced by either treatment, whereas activation of 4EBP1 responded to nutrient supplementation. Treatment with LPS increased phosphorylation of S6RP in both innate immune cell types. Nutrient supplementation increased baseline IL10 expression and decreased baseline as well as LPS-induced IL12B and TNFA expression. We conclude that the mTOR pathway in bovine innate immune cells can be differentially activated in response to inflammatory stimulation and nutrient supplementation in monocytes versus PMN. Effects of nutrient supplementation on cytokine mRNA abundance are likely specific to immune cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja S Sipka
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Tawny L Chandler
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Erica L Behling-Kelly
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Thomas R Overton
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Sabine Mann
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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16
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Gao S, Du J, Tian Z, Niu Q, Huang D, Wang J, Luo J, Liu G, Yin H. A SYBR green I-based quantitative RT-PCR assay for bovine ephemeral fever virus and its utility for evaluating viral kinetics in cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 32:44-50. [PMID: 31845623 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719895460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a SYBR green I-based reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay for bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). Analytical sensitivity of the assay was ~ 100 times higher than conventional RT-PCR. The precision of the RT-qPCR established for RNA standards was high, with intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation of 0.23-0.89% and 0.23-1.02%, respectively. The test was highly specific for BEFV strains, with no cross-reactivity with other viruses of veterinary significance. The assay detected BEFV RNA as early as 1 d post-infection (dpi) and up to 7-8 dpi in the blood samples of experimentally infected cattle. The most stable reference gene, peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA), was selected for the quantification of BEFV. Viral RNA loads reached peak level at 3-5 dpi and then decreased rapidly through 7-8 dpi. Our assay provides a reliable approach for the detection of BEFV in the early infection stage and for use in the profiling of BEFV kinetics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Junzheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Zhancheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Qingli Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Dexuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Jidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China (Gao, Du, Tian, Niu, Huang, Wang, Luo, Liu, Yin)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China (Yin)
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17
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Abstract
Galectins (GAL) are animal lectins that play important roles in the immune response through regulation of homeostasis and immune function. Bioactive polyphenols are able to bind and regulate galectins in inflammatory diseases. Cowpea is a nutritious and polyphenol-rich legume used as feed. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of cowpea polyphenol extract (CPE) on galectin gene transcription and translation in bovine peripheral blood. Blood from lactating cows (n = 10) were treated with CPE (10 μg/mL) or LPS (0.1 μg/mL), and control, to measure mRNA levels of bovine LGALS1, LGALS3, LGALS9, and some innate immune response genes. Secretion of GAL-1, GAL-3 and GAL-9 in plasma were measured using ELISAs. The mRNA expression of LGALS1, LGALS3 and LGALS9 decreased post CPE exposure. CPE decreased plasma GAL-1, but had no effect on GAL-3 and GAL-9. In addition, CPE decreased expression of TNFA, COX2 and upregulated TLR2, IL10 and IL4. LPS stimulation upregulated galectin genes expression and secretion. Overall, cowpea polyphenols modulated galectin expression, particularly GAL 1 in blood. The results provide a springboard for further studies on the use of polyphenol extracts from cowpea enriched feed supplements to target specific galectin genes for improved health and production in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Adjei-Fremah
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Mulumebet Worku
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
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18
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Mann S, Sipka AS, Grenier JK. The degree of postpartum metabolic challenge in dairy cows is associated with peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptome changes of the innate immune system. Dev Comp Immunol 2019; 93:28-36. [PMID: 30500340 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dairy cows undergo a nutrient deficit immediately postpartum when lactational demands exceed nutrient intake. This occurs concurrently to an increased challenge due to bacterial and viral infections, yet ability for pathogen clearance is reduced despite a heightened and often host-damaging inflammatory response. We hypothesized that nutrient stress is associated with differences in the immune cell transcriptome. Our objective was therefore to investigate differentially expressed pathways (DEP) by RNA-seq in peripheral blood mononuclear cells harvested 3 weeks before and 1 week after calving from Holstein cows in low (L, n = 3) or high (H, n = 3) postpartum metabolic stress situations. Metabolic stress was defined by differences in circulating concentrations of glucose, fatty acids, and ketones postpartum. Cows in group H showed several upregulated DEP in relation to myeloid cell function and inflammatory response, as well as downregulation of the Th2 pathway. Principal components analysis showed that the transcriptome of group H postpartum samples was most different from all other samples. Differences in DE genes were noted even prepartum albeit fewer DE genes were identified and myeloid cell pathways in group H were generally downregulated at this time compared with group L. Samples within group L showed little difference between the two time points. We conclude that the metabolic phenotype of cows allowed us to identify differences in immune-regulatory pathways and that myeloid immune cells could play a dominant role in identifying these metabolically-associated differences that were demonstrated among a mixed mononuclear cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Mann
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Anja S Sipka
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jennifer K Grenier
- RNA Sequencing Core, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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19
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Ruiz V, Porta NG, Lomónaco M, Trono K, Alvarez I. Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Neonatal Calves. Risk Factors and Control Measures. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:267. [PMID: 30410920 PMCID: PMC6209627 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). Although efficient eradication programs have been successfully implemented in most European countries and Oceania, BLV infection rates are still high worldwide. BLV naturally infects cattle, inducing a persistent infection with diverse clinical outcomes. The virus infects lymphocytes and integrates a DNA intermediate as a provirus into the genome of the cells. Therefore, exposure to biological fluids contaminated with infected lymphocytes potentially spreads the virus. Vertical transmission may occur in utero or during delivery, and about 10% of calves born to BLV-infected dams are already infected at birth. Most frequently, transmission from dams to their offspring occurs through the ingestion of infected colostrum or milk. Therefore, although EBL is not a disease specific to the neonatal period, during this period the calves are at special risk of becoming infected, especially in dairy farms, where they ingest colostrum and/or raw milk either naturally or artificially. Calves infected during the first week of life could play an active role in early propagation of BLV to susceptible animals. This review discusses the main factors that contribute to neonatal BLV infection in dairy herds, as well as different approaches and management practices that could be implemented to reduce the risk of BLV transmission during this period, aiming to decrease BLV infection in dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Ruiz
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Gabriela Porta
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Lomónaco
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Trono
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Alvarez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Mann S, Sipka A, Leal Yepes F, Nydam D, Overton T, Wakshlag J. Nutrient-sensing kinase signaling in bovine immune cells is altered during the postpartum nutrient deficit: A possible role in transition cow inflammatory response. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:9360-9370. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Sarker N, Fabijan J, Emes RD, Hemmatzadeh F, Meers J, Moreton J, Owen H, Seddon JM, Simmons G, Speight N, Trott D, Woolford L, Tarlinton RE. Identification of stable reference genes for quantitative PCR in koalas. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3364. [PMID: 29463845 PMCID: PMC5820254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand host and immune response to diseases, gene expression studies require identification of reference genes with stable expression for accurate normalisation. This study describes the identification and testing of reference genes with stable expression profiles in koala lymph node tissues across two genetically distinct koala populations. From the 25 most stable genes identified in transcriptome analysis, 11 genes were selected for verification using reverse transcription quantitative PCR, in addition to the commonly used ACTB and GAPDH genes. The expression data were analysed using stable genes statistical software - geNorm, BestKeeper, NormFinder, the comparative ΔCt method and RefFinder. All 13 genes showed relative stability in expression in koala lymph node tissues, however Tmem97 and Hmg20a were identified as the most stable genes across the two koala populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sarker
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - J Fabijan
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - R D Emes
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.,Advanced Data Analysis Centre (ADAC), University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - F Hemmatzadeh
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - J Meers
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - J Moreton
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre (ADAC), University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
| | - H Owen
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - J M Seddon
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - G Simmons
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - N Speight
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - D Trott
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - L Woolford
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - R E Tarlinton
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
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22
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Alvarez-Ortega N, Caballero-Gallardo K, Olivero-Verbel J. Low blood lead levels impair intellectual and hematological function in children from Cartagena, Caribbean coast of Colombia. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 44:233-240. [PMID: 28965581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lead produces numerous biochemical and physiological changes in humans, including hematological disorders, toxic effects on the central nervous system and in the function of several organs. The aim of this study was to determine blood lead levels (BLL) in children from Cartagena, Colombia, associating those with hematological and liver damage markers, the intelligence quotient (IQ), as well as with gene expression of the aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), gamma interferon (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and tumor protein (p53). To achieve this purpose, 118 blood samples were collected from children 5-16 years old, with their respective informed consent from their parents. BLL was measured by atomic absorption; hematological parameters were obtained with automated systems; plasma was utilized to analyze hepatic toxicity markers, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP); the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT) was administered to measure the IQ; and gene expression was quantified from blood RNA. The mean BLL was 1.7±0.3μg/dL. A low proportion of the children (3.4%) had BLL above the CDC recommended limit (5μg/dL). BLL were correlated weakly, but negatively with child age, weight, height, body mass index, platelets wide distribution, mean platelet volume, γ-GT and IQ. There were not significant changes in the expression of evaluated genes. These results support the hypothesis that BLL below 5μg/dL may still be a detrimental factor on children's cognitive abilities, development and hematology, in line with recent concerns that there is no safe level of pediatric lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Alvarez-Ortega
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia
| | - Karina Caballero-Gallardo
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia.
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Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), an oncogenic member of the Deltaretrovirus genus, is closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I and II). BLV infects cattle worldwide and causes important economic losses. In this review, we provide a summary of available information about commonly used diagnostic approaches for the detection of BLV infection, including both serological and viral genome-based methods. We also outline genotyping methods used for the phylogenetic analysis of BLV, including PCR restriction length polymorphism and modern DNA sequencing-based methods. In addition, detailed epidemiological information on the prevalence of BLV in cattle worldwide is presented. Finally, we summarize the various BLV genotypes identified by the phylogenetic analyses of the whole genome and env gp51 sequences of BLV strains in different countries and discuss the distribution of BLV genotypes worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meripet Polat
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Shin-nosuke Takeshima
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Bovine Leukemia Virus Vaccine Laboratory RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Bovine Leukemia Virus Vaccine Laboratory RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
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24
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Brym P, Kamiński S. Microarray analysis of differential gene expression profiles in blood cells of naturally BLV-infected and uninfected Holstein-Friesian cows. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 44:109-127. [PMID: 27812893 PMCID: PMC5310575 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine gene expression changes in response to bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, in an effort to determine genes that take a part in molecular events leading to persistent lymphocytosis (PL), and to better define genes involved in host response to BLV infection. Using bovine 70-mer oligonucleotide spotted microarrays (BLOPlus) and qRT-PCR validation, we studied global gene expression profiles in blood cells in vivo of 12 naturally BLV-infected Polish Holstein cows, and 12 BLV non-infected controls of the same breed and reared in herds with high BLV seroprevalence. With an arbitrary cut-off value of 1.5-fold change in gene expression, we identified the down-regulation of 212 genes (M value ≤-0.585) and the up-regulation of 158 genes (M value of ≥0.585) at 1% false discovery rate in BLV-positive animals in comparison to the BLV-negative group. The gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that the differentially expressed (DE) genes could be classified to diverse biological processes, including immune response of host blood cells. Interestingly, our data indicated the potential involvement of the innate immunity, including complement system activation, NK-cell cytotoxicity and TREM-1 signaling, during the BLV-induced pathogenesis. We showed the occurrence of numerous regulatory processes that are targeted by BLV-infection. We also suggest that a complex network of interrelated pathways is disturbed, causing the interruption of the control of B-cell proliferation and programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brym
- Department of Animal Genetics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - S Kamiński
- Department of Animal Genetics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
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25
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Bae IS, Chung KY, Yi J, Kim TI, Choi HS, Cho YM, Choi I, Kim SH. Identification of reference genes for relative quantification of circulating microRNAs in bovine serum. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122554. [PMID: 25826387 PMCID: PMC4380332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs in body fluids have been implicated as promising biomarkers for physiopathology disorders. Currently, the expression levels of circulating microRNAs are estimated by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Use of appropriate reference microRNAs for normalization is critical for accurate microRNA expression analysis. However, no study has systematically investigated reference genes for evaluating circulating microRNA expression in cattle. In this study, we describe the identification and characterization of appropriate reference microRNAs for use in the normalization of circulating microRNA levels in bovine serum. We evaluated the expression stability of ten candidate reference genes in bovine serum by using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper statistical algorithms. The results consistently showed that a combination of miR-93 and miR-127 provided the most stably expressed reference. The suitability of these microRNAs was validated, and even when compared among different genders or breeds, the combination of miR-93 and miR-127 was ranked as the most stable microRNA reference. Therefore, we conclude that this combination is the optimal endogenous reference for reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction-based detection of microRNAs in bovine serum. The data presented in this study are crucial to successful biomarker discovery and validation for the diagnosis of physiopathological conditions in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Seon Bae
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yong Chung
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Yi
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Sik Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Moo Cho
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Bovine Genome Resources Bank, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Wang J, Wang Y, Wang H, Hao X, Wu Y, Guo J. Selection of Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies in Porcine Whole Blood and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells under Polyinosinic:Polycytidylic Acid Stimulation. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:471-8. [PMID: 25049976 PMCID: PMC4093518 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Investigating gene expression of immune cells of whole blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) under polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) stimulation is valuable for understanding the immune response of organism to RNA viruses. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a standard method for quantification of gene expression studies. However, the reliability of qRT-PCR data critically depends on proper selection of reference genes. In the study, using two different analysis programs, geNorm and NormFinder, we systematically evaluated the gene expression stability of six candidate reference genes (GAPDH, ACTB, B2M, RPL4, TBP, and PPIA) in samples of whole blood and PBMC with or without poly I:C stimulation. Generally, the six candidate genes performed a similar trend of expression stability in the samples of whole blood and PBMC, but more stably expressed in whole blood than in PBMC. geNorm ranked B2M and PPIA as the best combination for gene expression normalization, while according to NormFinder, TBP was ranked as the most stable reference gene, followed by B2M and PPIA. Comprehensively considering the results from the two programs, we recommended using the geometric mean of the three genes, TBP, PPIA and B2M, to normalize the gene expression of whole blood and PBMC with poly I:C stimulation. Our study is the first detailed survey of the gene expression stability in whole blood and PBMC with or without poly I:C stimulation and should be helpful for investigating the molecular mechanism involved in porcine whole blood and PBMC in response to poly I:C stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Huaizhong Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiaojing Hao
- Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jianfeng Guo
- Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao 266100, China
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27
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Rola-Łuszczak M, Materniak M, Pluta A, Hulst M, Kuźmak J. Transcriptomic microarray analysis of BoMac cells after infection with bovine foamy virus. Arch Virol 2014; 159:1515-9. [PMID: 24380972 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine foamy virus (BFV) infections are highly prevalent among cattle worldwide. However, relatively little is known about the impact of this virus on the host immune system. In our study, we focused on a bovine macrophage cell line (BoMac) and examined changes in the BoMac transcriptome after in vitro infection with BFV using bovine BLOPlus oligo microarrays. One hundred twenty-four genes showed significant changes in expression level. The biological process categories found to be enriched include metabolic processes, cell communication, transport, immune system processes, and response to extracellular stimuli. RT-qPCR was applied to confirm the results obtained for representative genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Rola-Łuszczak
- Department of Biochemistry, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland,
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