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Liebler-Tenorio EM, Heyl J, Wedlich N, Figl J, Köhler H, Krishnamoorthy G, Nieuwenhuizen NE, Grode L, Kaufmann SHE, Menge C. Vaccine-Induced Subcutaneous Granulomas in Goats Reflect Differences in Host–Mycobacterium Interactions between BCG- and Recombinant BCG-Derivative Vaccines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231910992. [PMID: 36232295 PMCID: PMC9570401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231910992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculous granulomas are highly dynamic structures reflecting the complex host–mycobacterium interactions. The objective of this study was to compare granuloma development at the site of vaccination with BCG and its recombinant derivatives in goats. To characterize the host response, epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells (MNGC), T cell subsets, B cells, plasma cells, dendritic cells and mycobacterial antigen were labelled by immunohistochemistry, and lipids and acid-fast bacteria (AFB) were labelled by specific staining. Granulomas with central caseous necrosis developed at the injection site of most goats though lesion size and extent of necrosis differed between vaccine strains. CD4+ T and B cells were more scarce and CD8+ cells were more numerous in granulomas induced by recombinant derivatives compared to their parental BCG strain. Further, the numbers of MNGCs and cells with lipid bodies were markedly lower in groups administered with recombinant BCG strains. Microscopic detection of AFB and mycobacterial antigen was rather frequent in the area of central necrosis, however, the isolation of bacteria in culture was rarely successful. In summary, BCG and its recombinant derivatives induced reproducibly subcutaneous caseous granulomas in goats that can be easily monitored and surgically removed for further studies. The granulomas reflected the genetic modifications of the recombinant BCG-derivatives and are therefore suitable models to compare reactions to different mycobacteria or TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M. Liebler-Tenorio
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-8042-411
| | - Johannes Heyl
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nadine Wedlich
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Figl
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Heike Köhler
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Leander Grode
- Vakzine Projekt Management GmbH, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Christian Menge
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Modelling Bovine Granuloma Formation In Vitro upon Infection with Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis. Vet Sci 2019; 6:vetsci6040080. [PMID: 31614819 PMCID: PMC6958389 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) causes chronic granulomatous disease in cattle and ruminant livestock, causing substantial economic losses. Current vaccines delay clinical signs but cannot train the immune system to fully eradicate latent Map. During latency, Map uses host defenses, cage-like macrophage clusters called granuloma, as incubators for months or years. We used an in vitro model to investigate the early coordination of macrophages into granuloma upon Map infection over ten days. We found that at multiplicities of infection (MOI; Map:macrophages) of 1:2 and below, the macrophages readily form clusters and evolve pro-inflammatory cytokines in keeping with a cell-mediated immune response. At higher MOIs, viability of host macrophages is negatively impacted. At 1:4 MOI, we quantified viable Map in our model and confirmed that intracellular Map reproduced over the first five days of infection. Host cells expressed Type 1-specific cytokines, and Map-infected macrophages displayed reduced motility compared to Map-exposed, uninfected macrophages, suggesting an important role for uninfected macrophages in the early aggregative response. Reported is the first in vitro JD granuloma model capturing Map and macrophage viability, size distribution of resulting clusters, motility of monocyte-derived macrophages, and cytokine response during clustering, allowing quantitative analysis of multiple parameters of the Map-specific granulomatous response.
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Nashun B, You J, Ji M, Zhao S, Qin L, Chen X. Granuloma formation in the liver is relatively delayed, although sustained, in BCG‑infected mice co‑infected with Plasmodium. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7764-7768. [PMID: 29620231 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of Plasmodium on the process of granuloma formation in Bacille Calmette‑Guerin (BCG)‑infected mice. Female six‑week‑old BALB/c mice were co‑infected with BCG and Plasmodium. The liver index, pathological alterations and quantity of granulomas in the mice were observed when the mice were co‑injected with BCG and Plasmodium. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was assessed by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction (RT‑PCR) analysis. In addition, the expression of interleukin (IL)‑10 in liver tissues was observed by RT‑PCR. Following co‑infection with BCG and Plasmodium, the swelling of the liver had been slowly restored to normal, and the time required to allow granulomas to subside had prolonged. In addition, the expression of iNOS increased, while the expression of IL‑10 gradually decreased in Plasmodium‑infected mice. It was concluded that the use of Plasmodium relatively delayed granuloma formation in livers of BCG‑infected mice. In addition, iNOS and IL‑10 are involved in this pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayaer Nashun
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Jianlan You
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Musi Ji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liaobu Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 523400, P.R. China
| | - Siting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
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Gao Q, Dong X, Luo Y, Zhang G, Shan J, Wang Q, He Q, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhu B, Ma X. Construction of human MASP-2-CCP1/2SP, CCP2SP, SP plasmid DNA nanolipoplexes and the effects on tuberculosis in BCG-infected mice. Microb Pathog 2017; 109:200-208. [PMID: 28578092 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The lectin pathway, one of the complement cascade systems, provides the primary line of defense against invading pathogens. The serine protease of MASP-2 plays an essential role in complement activation of the lectin pathway. The C-terminal segment of MASP-2 is comprised of the CCP1-CCP2-SP domains, and is the crucial catalytic segment. However, what is the effect of CCP1-CCP2-SP domains in controlling chronic infection is unknown. In order to evaluate the potential impact of CCP1-CCP2-SP domains on tuberculosis, we constructed the human MASP-2 CCP1/2SP, CCP2SP and SP recombinant plasmids, and delivered these plasmids by DNA-DOTAP:cholesterol cationic nanolipoplexes to BCG-infected mice. After 21 days post DNA-DOTAP:chol nanolipoplexes application, we analyzed bacteria loads of pulmonary, pathology of granuloma, lymphocyte subpopulations. The C3a, C4a and MASP-2 levels in serum were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Compared to the control group that received GFP DNA-DOTAP:chol nanolipoplexes, MASP-2 CCP1/2SP DNA-DOTAP:chol nanolipoplexes treated group showed significantly enlarged pulmonary granulomas lesion (P < 0.05) and did not reduce bacteria loads in the lung tissue (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of C3a in serum were decreased (P < 0.05), the number and percentage of PD1+ and Tim3+ cells subgroups were increased in BCG-infected mice after treated with MASP-2 CCP1/2SP DNA-DOTAP:chol nanolipoplexes (P < 0.05). But, there was no statistical difference in the serum C4a and MASP-2 level among DNA nanolipoplexes treated groups (P > 0.05). These findings provided experimental evidence that MASP-2 CCP1/2SP DNA nanolipoplexes shown the negative efficacy in controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and displayed a potential role of down-regulating T-cell-mediated immunity in tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xinfang Dong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanping Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jinyu Shan
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jingqiu Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bingdong Zhu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xingming Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Lab of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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