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de Souza EV, Réssio RA, Figueiredo KB, de Carvalho ACSR, Ferreira-Machado E, de Carvalho J, Dos Santos Cirqueira C, Navas-Suárez PE, Zwarg T, Ritter JM, de Azevedo Fernandes NCC, Guerra JM. Natural mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in a brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in Brazil. J Med Primatol 2024; 53:e12716. [PMID: 38831476 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Neotropical primates rarely exhibit active tuberculosis. A brown howler monkey was found injured in an urban area. Histopathology revealed granulomatous inflammation in the lungs, lymph nodes, and liver. Immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The findings highlight the importance of TB surveillance in nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Ferreira-Machado
- Pathology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Wildlife Comparative Pathology Laboratory (LAPCOM), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ticiana Zwarg
- Wildlife Management and Conservation Center (CeMaCAs), The Fauna Division of the Municipal Secretariat for Green and Environment of the Municipality of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jana M Ritter
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Juliana Mariotti Guerra
- Pathology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Wildlife Comparative Pathology Laboratory (LAPCOM), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Pereira AC, Ramos B, Reis AC, Cunha MV. Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria: Molecular and Physiological Bases of Virulence and Adaptation to Ecological Niches. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091380. [PMID: 32916931 PMCID: PMC7563442 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are paradigmatic colonizers of the total environment, circulating at the interfaces of the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere. Their striking adaptive ecology on the interconnection of multiple spheres results from the combination of several biological features related to their exclusive hydrophobic and lipid-rich impermeable cell wall, transcriptional regulation signatures, biofilm phenotype, and symbiosis with protozoa. This unique blend of traits is reviewed in this work, with highlights to the prodigious plasticity and persistence hallmarks of NTM in a wide diversity of environments, from extreme natural milieus to microniches in the human body. Knowledge on the taxonomy, evolution, and functional diversity of NTM is updated, as well as the molecular and physiological bases for environmental adaptation, tolerance to xenobiotics, and infection biology in the human and non-human host. The complex interplay between individual, species-specific and ecological niche traits contributing to NTM resilience across ecosystems are also explored. This work hinges current understandings of NTM, approaching their biology and heterogeneity from several angles and reinforcing the complexity of these microorganisms often associated with a multiplicity of diseases, including pulmonary, soft-tissue, or milliary. In addition to emphasizing the cornerstones of knowledge involving these bacteria, we identify research gaps that need to be addressed, stressing out the need for decision-makers to recognize NTM infection as a public health issue that has to be tackled, especially when considering an increasingly susceptible elderly and immunocompromised population in developed countries, as well as in low- or middle-income countries, where NTM infections are still highly misdiagnosed and neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C. Pereira
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.P.); (B.R.); (A.C.R.)
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Ramos
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.P.); (B.R.); (A.C.R.)
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Reis
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.P.); (B.R.); (A.C.R.)
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica V. Cunha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.P.); (B.R.); (A.C.R.)
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-217-500-000 (ext. 22461)
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3
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Ehlers LP, Bianchi MV, Argenta FF, Lopes BC, Taunde PA, Wagner PGC, Driemeier D, Pavarini SP, Mayer FQ, Siqueira FM, Sonne L. Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. tuberculosis infection in two captive black capuchins (Sapajus nigritus) in Southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:2169-2173. [PMID: 32696420 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a common zooanthroponosis in humans with a high incidence in Brazil, but it may also affect non-human primates (NHPs), of which Old World primates are most commonly involved. Nonetheless, its occurrence in New World primates is unknown, and therefore, this study aimed to describe the infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant tuberculosis in two captive black capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus) in Southern Brazil. The primates were housed in the same enclosure, wherein close contact with humans frequently occurred, and presented apathy, anorexia, and death in a clinical course of 15 days to 2 months. At the necropsy, the tracheobronchial lymph nodes were markedly enlarged and firm to hard and on the cut surface had a caseous aspect. The lungs exhibited two injury patterns: multifocal and disseminated. Microscopically, the lungs exhibited multifocal to coalescing necrotic granulomas and non-necrotic granulomas, with multiple acid-fast bacilli within the cytoplasm of epithelioid macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Bacilli were also labeled upon immunohistochemistry (IHC) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbiological culture of lung samples from both cases yielded colonies compatible with M. tuberculosis. The isolates were identified as M. tuberculosis var. tuberculosis through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Although tuberculosis is poorly described in New World primates, M. tuberculosis var. tuberculosis may cause a highly contagious and progressive disease with high mortality in black capuchin monkeys (S. nigritus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Presser Ehlers
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Viezzer Bianchi
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernando Froner Argenta
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Correa Lopes
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Augusto Taunde
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Guilherme Carniel Wagner
- Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS), Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e do Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), R. Baronesa do Gravataí 210, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90160-070, Brazil
| | - David Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Saulo Petinatti Pavarini
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Estrada Municipal do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Franciele Maboni Siqueira
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sonne
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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4
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Abstract
Common marmosets are susceptible to a number of bacterial infections, which may be enzootic, causing sporadic but occasionally severe disease, or which may result in epizootics associated with more severe colony morbidity and mortality. The spectrum of these diseases often differs from those observed in macaque species, and veterinarians caring for common marmosets need to be aware of these unique susceptibilities. In formulating differential diagnoses for sick or diseased animals, it should be recognized that diseases once common in imported animals in the 1960s and 1970s are now rare. It is also important to recognize that housing and sanitation conditions can influence exposure to potentially pathogenic bacteria. In a zoological setting where mixed- or free-ranging exhibits are utilized, animals may be exposed to many more potential pathogens than would be the case in animals raised in a barrier facility.
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5
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Rosenbaum M, Mendoza P, Ghersi BM, Wilbur AK, Perez-Brumer A, Cavero Yong N, Kasper MR, Montano S, Zunt JR, Jones-Engel L. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in New World Monkeys in Peru. ECOHEALTH 2015; 12:288-297. [PMID: 25515075 PMCID: PMC4470872 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-014-0996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex causes tuberculosis in humans and nonhuman primates and is a global public health concern. Standard diagnostics rely upon host immune responses to detect infection in nonhuman primates and lack sensitivity and specificity across the spectrum of mycobacterial infection in these species. We have previously shown that the Oral Swab PCR (OSP) assay, a direct pathogen detection method, can identify the presence of M. tuberculosis complex in laboratory and free-ranging Old World monkeys. Addressing the current limitations in tuberculosis diagnostics in primates, including sample acquisition and pathogen detection, this paper furthers our understanding of the presence of the tuberculosis-causing bacteria among New World monkeys in close contact with humans. Here we use the minimally invasive OSP assay, which includes buccal swab collection followed by amplification of the IS6110 repetitive nucleic acid sequence specific to M. tuberculosis complex subspecies, to detect the bacteria in the mouths of Peruvian New World monkeys. A total of 220 buccal swabs from 16 species were obtained and positive amplification of the IS6110 sequence was observed in 30 (13.6%) of the samples. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of M. tuberculosis complex DNA in a diverse sample of Peruvian Neotropical primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Rosenbaum
- Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA.
| | - Patricia Mendoza
- Wildlife Health and Policy, Wildlife Conservation Society, Avenida 15 de Enero 591, Miraflores, Lima, Peru.
| | - Bruno M Ghersi
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Biology, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
| | - Alicia K Wilbur
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, 1705 Pacific St NE, HSB I-039, Box 357330, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Amaya Perez-Brumer
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Colombia University, 722 W 168th St #14, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Nancy Cavero Yong
- Wildlife Health and Policy, Wildlife Conservation Society, Avenida 15 de Enero 591, Miraflores, Lima, Peru.
| | - Matthew R Kasper
- Department of Bacteriology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru.
| | - Silvia Montano
- Department of Bacteriology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru.
| | - Joseph R Zunt
- Departments of Global Health, Neurology, Epidemiology and Medicine (Infectious Disease), University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, 325 9th Ave., Room 3EH70, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
| | - Lisa Jones-Engel
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, 1705 Pacific St NE, HSB I-039, Box 357330, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, 1705 Pacific St NE, HSB I-039, Box 357330, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
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6
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Pre-multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing strain associated with disseminated tuberculosis in a pet dog. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 52:354-6. [PMID: 24153119 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02800-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to isoniazid, ethambutol, and streptomycin was detected in a Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain, belonging to the Beijing family lineage, isolated from two nodule exudates of a Yorkshire terrier with generalized tuberculosis. This report alerts medical practitioners to the risk of dissemination of pre-multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (preMDR-TB) through exposure to M. tuberculosis-shedding pets.
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7
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Wilbur AK, Engel GA, Rompis A, A Putra IGA, Lee BPYH, Aggimarangsee N, Chalise M, Shaw E, Oh G, Schillaci MA, Jones-Engel L. From the mouths of monkeys: detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA from buccal swabs of synanthropic macaques. Am J Primatol 2012; 74:676-86. [PMID: 22644580 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infects a third of all humans, little is known regarding the prevalence of mycobacterial infection in nonhuman primates (NHP). For more than a century, tuberculosis has been regarded as a serious infectious threat to NHP species. Advances in the detection of MTBC open new possibilities for investigating the effects of this poorly understood pathogen in diverse populations of NHP. Here, we report results of a cross-sectional study using well-described molecular methods to detect a nucleic acid sequence (IS6110) unique to the MTBC. Sample collection was focused on the oral cavity, the presumed route of transmission of MTBC. Buccal swabs were collected from 263 macaques representing 11 species in four Asian countries and Gibraltar. Contexts of contact with humans included free ranging, pets, performing monkeys, zoos, and monkey temples. Following DNA isolation from buccal swabs, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified IS6110 from 84 (31.9%) of the macaques. In general, prevalence of MTBC DNA was higher among NHP in countries where the World Health Organization reports higher prevalence of humans infected with MTBC. This is the first demonstration of MTBC DNA in the mouths of macaques. Further research is needed to establish the significance of this finding at both the individual and population levels. PCR of buccal samples holds promise as a method to elucidate the mycobacterial landscape among NHP, particularly macaques that thrive in areas of high human MTBC prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K Wilbur
- National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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8
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Lowenstine LJ, Osborn KG. Respiratory System Diseases of Nonhuman Primates. NONHUMAN PRIMATES IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH 2012. [PMCID: PMC7158299 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381366-4.00009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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9
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Rocha VCM, Ikuta CY, Gomes MS, Quaglia F, Matushima ER, Ferreira Neto JS. Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from captive Ateles paniscus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2010; 11:593-4. [PMID: 20846010 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An adult female red-faced black spider monkey (Ateles paniscus), housed for 2 years in the Parque Estoril Zoo in São Paulo, Brazil, showed apathy. Clinical examination revealed discrete emaciation, swelling and induration of lymph nodes, and presence of a mass in the abdominal cavity. Therapies with enrofloxacin, azithromycin, and ceftiofur were ineffective. The animal died after 6 months. Necropsy and histopathology confirmed granulommas in lymph nodes, parietal and visceral pleura, lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys. Acid-fast bacilli were isolated and identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction restriction analysis and Spoligotyping techniques. The zoo personnel and other animals that had had contact with the infected primate were negative to tuberculosis diagnostic procedures, such as sputum exam (baciloscopy) and thorax radiography. It was impossible to determine whether the infection occurred before or after the arrival of the animal to the Parque Estoril Zoo. This is the first report of M. tuberculosis infection in Ateles paniscus, a neotropical primate.
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10
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Ameni G, Desta F, Firdessa R. Molecular typing of Mycobacterium bovis isolated from tuberculosis lesions of cattle in north eastern Ethiopia. Vet Rec 2010; 167:138-41. [PMID: 20656993 DOI: 10.1136/vr.b4881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis strains isolated from tuberculosis (TB) lesions from 1138 cattle slaughtered at Kombolcha abattoir in north eastern Ethiopia were characterised. Detailed postmortem examination, bacteriological culturing, regions of difference PCR and spoligotyping were used. At least one TB lesion was observed in 57 (5 per cent) of the cattle, of which 27 (47 per cent) yielded mycobacteria isolates. Of the 27 isolates, 25 were identified as M bovis and two as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The M bovis isolates were grouped into six clusters of strains, and the M tuberculosis isolates were typified to one strain only with the reference SIT262. Three clusters of previously unreported M bovis strains were identified and reported to the Mycobacterium bovis spoligotype database. They were designated the reference numbers SB1490, SB1491 and SB1492.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ameni
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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11
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in grazing cattle in central Ethiopia. Vet J 2010; 188:359-61. [PMID: 20965132 PMCID: PMC3103825 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A preliminary study to characterise mycobacteria infecting tuberculous cattle from two different management systems in central Ethiopia was carried out. Approximately 27% of isolates from grazing cattle were Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while cattle in a more intensive-production system were exclusively infected with M. bovis. The practice of local farmers discharging chewed tobacco directly into the mouths of pastured cattle was identified as a potential route of human-to-cattle transmission of M. tuberculosis.
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12
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Chen Y, Chao Y, Deng Q, Liu T, Xiang J, Chen J, Zhou J, Zhan Z, Kuang Y, Cai H, Chen H, Guo A. Potential challenges to the Stop TB Plan for humans in China; cattle maintain M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2008; 89:95-100. [PMID: 19056318 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-eight cows in a herd were determined to be positive for bovine tuberculosis (TB). The bacterial isolation and characterization with multiplex PCR identified six Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. The Mycobacterium bovis and M. tuberculosis infection induced comparable pathology in cattle in both gross pathology and histopathology based on the qualitative assessment of the sampled lung tissues. The spoligotyping demonstrated that cow M. tuberculosis isolates belonged to Beijing family strains. Meanwhile, the isolates from tuberculosis patients hospitalized in the local hospitals were assessed. No M. bovis strains were identified in 186 human isolates. Eighty-two percent (153/186) of M. tuberculosis isolates were Beijing-family strains. The 12 loci MIRU genotyping revealed that the first three prevalent patterns were 2232-2517-3533, 2233-2517-3533, and 2223-2517-3533. The bovine M. tuberculosis isolates were the third dominant MIRU pattern. The further 16 loci MIRU-VNTR assay confirmed that the bovine M. tuberculosis strains shared the same pattern suggesting there was a common source causing cow infection and an epidemiological link between cow and human M. tuberculosis infection. On the other hand, the retrospective investigation for the past three years' cases of TB patients from local hospitals revealed 0.34% (17/5011) prevalence of M. bovis infection in local people. In conclusion, in TB high-burden countries like China where bovine and human TB coexists, the fact that cattle maintain both M. bovis and M. tuberculosis would be a potential challenge to both Stop TB Plan of humans and bovine TB eradication scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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13
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Lelong-Rebel IH, Piemont Y, Fabre M, Rebel G. Mycobacterium avium–intracellulare contamination of mammalian cell cultures. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2008; 45:75-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-008-9143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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Disseminated tuberculosis in hyrax (Procavia capensis) caused by Mycobacterium africanum. J Zoo Wildl Med 2008; 39:386-91. [PMID: 18817001 DOI: 10.1638/06-041.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium africanum was diagnosed in an adult female hyrax (Procavia capensis). Pathologic examination revealed disseminated tuberculous lesions. The same pathologic changes were also found in a male hyrax that died a year later. Both animals were imported from the United Arab Emirates and were held in captivity at the Zagreb Zoo in Croatia. The source of infection remains unknown. The acid-fast bacteria isolated from the lungs of the female hyrax were identifyed by polymerase chain reaction as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Geno Type MTBC test confirmed the strain to be M. africanum I.
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15
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Pate M, Svara T, Gombac M, Paller T, Zolnir-Dovc M, Emersic I, Prodinger WM, Bartos M, Zdovc I, Krt B, Pavlik I, Cvetnić Z, Pogacnik M, Ocepek M. Outbreak of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium caprae in a zoological garden. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 53:387-92. [PMID: 17010043 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2006.01000.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the autumn of 2004, tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium caprae occurred in a zoo in Slovenia. A dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) was killed after a history of progressive emaciation. Necropsy findings indicated disseminated tuberculosis, which was confirmed by cultivation of M. caprae. Consequently, a tuberculin skin test was performed in all epidemiologically linked animals and another dromedary camel and six bison (Bison bison) were positive and killed. Mycobacterium caprae was isolated from two bison while M. scrofulaceum and Mycobacterium spp. were found in two other bison, respectively. The second dromedary camel was found to be negative for mycobacteria under both microscopic and culture tests. The isolates were investigated with commercial identification kits, IS6110 PCR, IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units typing. Genotyping results revealed that the dromedary camel and the two bison were infected by the same M. caprae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pate
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Vetinary Faculty, Gerbiceva, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Travis EK, Junge RE, Terrell SP. Infection withMycobacterium simiaecomplex in four captive Micronesian kingfishers. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007; 230:1524-9. [PMID: 17504049 DOI: 10.2460/javma.230.10.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION 4 captive adult Micronesian kingfishers (Halcyon cinnamomina cinnamomina) at 3 zoologic institutions were examined routinely or because of dyspnea or lethargy. CLINICAL FINDINGS All birds had marked hepatomegaly. Two birds had dyspnea caused by compression of air sacs by the enlarged liver, and 1 bird had generalized weakness and lethargy. Three birds had distended coelomic cavities, and 3 birds were thin or had lost weight. There were no consistent abnormalities in blood analytes. Results of most ancillary diagnostic tests such as acid-fast staining of cloacal or fecal swab specimens and culture of feces for acid-fast bacteria were negative. Results of examination of hepatic biopsy specimens in 2 of 4 birds were suggestive of mycobacteriosis. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME 3 birds died or were euthanized soon after diagnosis. One kingfisher was isolated and monitored for 4 months without treatment and died during anesthesia for disease monitoring. Postmortem histologic examination revealed histiocytic hepatitis and acid-fast bacteria in all 4 birds. Bacteriologic culture of liver specimens yielded Mycobacterium simiae complex in all 4 birds. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Infection with M simiae complex should be considered in ill Micronesian kingfishers, and further monitoring is warranted to determine whether this is an emerging pathogen in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika K Travis
- Saint Louis Zoo, 1 Government Dr, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Siegal-Willott J, Isaza R, Fiorello C, Reinhard M. Mycobacterium asiaticum infection in a red-handed tamarin (Saguinus midas). J Zoo Wildl Med 2007; 37:413-5. [PMID: 17319146 DOI: 10.1638/05-074.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-yr-old, intact male red-handed tamarin (Saguinus midas) was evaluated because of a 6-mo history of an enlarging axillary mass. Diagnostic findings included a positive intradermal tuberculin test, persistent severe leukocytosis, and hyperglobulinemia. A nontuberculous mycobacterium species isolated from the mass was identified as Mycobacterium asiaticum using 16s ribosomal DNA sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Siegal-Willott
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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Ocepek M, Pate M, Zolnir-Dovc M, Poljak M. Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from human to cattle. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:3555-7. [PMID: 16000505 PMCID: PMC1169140 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.7.3555-3557.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the first transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from human to cattle confirmed by molecular typing of isolates involved in the transmission. IS6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis showed that the isolates from the cattle and farm worker who suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis 1 year prior to this case were the same strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaz Ocepek
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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