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Martins NDS, Rodrigues APS, Bicalho JM, Albuquerque JJ, Reis LL, Alves LL, de Oliveira RM, Santos LSD, de Carvalho Neta AV, de Oliveira RA, Carvalho RC, Melo FA, Dos Reis JKP, Abreu-Silva AL. Molecular characterization of Brazilian FeLV strains in São Luis, Maranhão Brazil. Virus Genes 2023:10.1007/s11262-023-01997-x. [PMID: 37195404 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-01997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) belongs to the Retroviridae family and Gammaretrovirus genus, and causes a variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases in domestic cats (Felis catus), such as thymic and multicentric lymphomas, myelodysplastic syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, aplastic anemia, and immunodeficiency. The aim of the present study was to carry out the molecular characterization of FeLV-positive samples and determine the circulating viral subtype in the city of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, as well as identify its phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity. The FIV Ac/FeLV Ag Test Kit (Alere™) and the commercial immunoenzymatic assay kit (Alere™) were used to detect the positive samples, which were subsequently confirmed by ELISA (ELISA - SNAP® Combo FeLV/FIV). To confirm the presence of proviral DNA, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the target fragments of 450, 235, and 166 bp of the FeLV gag gene. For the detection of FeLV subtypes, nested PCR was performed for FeLV-A, B, and C, with amplification of 2350-, 1072-, 866-, and 1755-bp fragments for the FeLV env gene. The results obtained by nested PCR showed that the four positive samples amplified the A and B subtypes. The C subtype was not amplified. There was an AB combination but no ABC combination. Phylogenetic analysis revealed similarities (78% bootstrap) between the subtype circulating in Brazil and FeLV-AB and with the subtypes of Eastern Asia (Japan) and Southeast Asia (Malaysia), demonstrating that this subtype possesses high genetic variability and a differentiated genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathálya Dos Santos Martins
- Departament of Pathology, State University of Maranhão, University City Paulo VI, Cx. Postal 9, Tirirical, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Sousa Rodrigues
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG 30 123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Marques Bicalho
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG 30 123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Joanna Jéssica Albuquerque
- Departament of Pathology, State University of Maranhão, University City Paulo VI, Cx. Postal 9, Tirirical, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Luana Luz Reis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Praça Duque de Caxias, s/n, Morro do Alecrim, Caxias, MA, 65604-380, Brazil
| | - Luciana Luz Alves
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Praça Duque de Caxias, s/n, Morro do Alecrim, Caxias, MA, 65604-380, Brazil
| | - Renata Mondego de Oliveira
- Departament of Pathology, State University of Maranhão, University City Paulo VI, Cx. Postal 9, Tirirical, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Larissa Sarmento Dos Santos
- Departament of Pathology, State University of Maranhão, University City Paulo VI, Cx. Postal 9, Tirirical, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Alcina Vieira de Carvalho Neta
- Departament of Pathology, State University of Maranhão, University City Paulo VI, Cx. Postal 9, Tirirical, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Rudson Almeida de Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, State University of Maranhão, University City Paulo VI, Cx. Postal 9, Tirirical, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael Cardoso Carvalho
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, UFMA, Rodovia BR 222, Km 04, s/n, Boa Vista, Chapadinha, MA, 65500-000, Brazil
| | - Ferdinan Almeida Melo
- Departament of Pathology, State University of Maranhão, University City Paulo VI, Cx. Postal 9, Tirirical, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Jenner Karlisson Pimenta Dos Reis
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG 30 123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Abreu-Silva
- Departament of Pathology, State University of Maranhão, University City Paulo VI, Cx. Postal 9, Tirirical, São Luís, MA, 65055-970, Brazil.
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Stürzel CM, Palesch D, Khalid M, Wissing S, Fischer N, Münch J. Utilization of replication-competent XMRV reporter-viruses reveals severe viral restriction in primary human cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74427. [PMID: 24058563 PMCID: PMC3772927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gammaretrovirus termed xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) was described to be isolated from prostate cancer tissue biopsies and from blood of patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome. However, many studies failed to detect XMRV and to verify these disease associations. Data suggesting the contamination of specimens in particular by PCR-based methods and recent reports demonstrating XMRV generation via recombination of two murine leukemia virus precursors raised serious doubts about XMRV being a genuine human pathogen. To elucidate cell tropism of XMRV, we generated replication competent XMRV reporter viruses encoding a green fluorescent protein or a secretable luciferase as tools to analyze virus infection of human cell lines or primary human cells. Transfection of proviral DNAs into LNCaP prostate cancer cells resulted in readily detectably reporter gene expression and production of progeny virus. Inoculation of known XMRV susceptible target cells revealed that these virions were infectious and expressed the reporter gene, allowing for a fast and highly sensitive quantification of XMRV infection. Both reporter viruses were capable of establishing a spreading infection in LNCaP and Raji B cells and could be easily passaged. However, after inoculation of primary human blood cells such as CD4 T cells, macrophages or dendritic cells, infection rates were very low, and a spreading infection was never established. In line with these results we found that supernatants derived from these XMRV infected primary cell types did not contain infectious virus. Thus, although XMRV efficiently replicated in some human cell lines, all tested primary cells were largely refractory to XMRV infection and did not support viral spread. Our results provide further evidence that XMRV is not a human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Palesch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Silke Wissing
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nicole Fischer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Coelho FM, Bomfim MRQ, de Andrade Caxito F, Ribeiro NA, Luppi MM, Costa ÉA, Oliveira ME, Da Fonseca FG, Resende M. Naturally occurring feline leukemia virus subgroup A and B infections in urban domestic cats. J Gen Virol 2009; 89:2799-2805. [PMID: 18931078 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.2008/003855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A nested-PCR (n-PCR) was used to detect feline leukemia virus (FeLV) proviral DNA in blood samples from 464 sick and 608 healthy domestic cats (Felis catus) selected by convenience, and a significantly high prevalence of FeLV infection was observed. n-PCR results revealed the presence of FeLV proviral DNA in 47.2 % of sick cats and 47.4 % of healthy cats. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that FeLV samples from healthy or sick cats were grouped into separate clades. We determined FeLV subgroups by an n-PCR based on the envelope (env) gene. The partial env gene of FeLV Minas Gerais (MG) samples were compared to various exogenous FeLV isolates and endogenous (enFeLV) provirus from the same region. FeLV-B MG samples were more similar to endogenous sequences and to natural FeLV-B isolates than to either FeLV-A or FeLV-C. The results revealed the circulation of FeLV-B in large populations of urban domestic cats in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Magalhães Coelho
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Quaresma Bomfim
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabíola de Andrade Caxito
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Natália Almeida Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcela Miranda Luppi
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Érica Azevedo Costa
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Emilia Oliveira
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávio Guimarães Da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Resende
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Real-time PCR to determine transgene copy number and to quantitate the biolocalization of adoptively transferred cells from EGFP-transgenic mice. Biotechniques 2008; 45:247-58. [PMID: 18778249 DOI: 10.2144/000112913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a sensitive technique for the detection and quantitation of specific DNA sequences. Here we describe a Taqman qPCR assay for quantification of tissue-localized, adoptively transferred enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-transgenic cells. A standard curve constructed from serial dilutions of a plasmid containing the EGFP transgene was (i) highly reproducible, (ii) detected as few as two copies, and (iii) was included in each qPCR assay. qPCR analysis of genomic DNA was used to determine transgene copy number in several mouse strains. Fluorescent microscopy of tissue sections showed that adoptively transferred vascular endothelial cells (VEC) from EGFP-transgenic mice specifically localized to tissue with metastatic tumors in syngeneic recipients. VEC microscopic enumeration of liver metastases strongly correlated with qPCR analysis of identical sections (Pearson correlation 0.81). EGFP was undetectable in tissue from control mice by qPCR. In another study using intra-tumor EGFP-VEC delivery to subcutaneous tumors, manual cell count and qPCR analysis of alternating sections also strongly correlated (Pearson correlation 0.82). Confocal microscopy of the subcutaneous tumor sections determined that visual fluorescent signals were frequently tissue artifacts. This qPCR methodology offers specific, objective, and rapid quantitation, uncomplicated by tissue autofluorescence, and should be readily transferable to other in vivo models to quantitate the biolocalization of transplanted cells.
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Avery PR, Lehman TL, Hoover EA, Dow SW. Sustained generation of tissue dendritic cells from cats using organ stromal cell cultures. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007; 117:222-35. [PMID: 17376541 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Revised: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Currently most dendritic cells (DC) for in vitro study are generated from bone marrow or peripheral blood by culture in high concentrations of GM-CSF and other cytokines. However, in mice it is also possible to generate DC from spleen cells using long-term stromal cell cultures. To determine whether tissue DC could be also be generated from cats, we established stromal cell cultures from a number of different tissues of newborn cats. We found that stromal cell cultures from spleen, lung, liver, kidney, brain, and lymph node tissues were all capable of spontaneously generating DC over long periods of time (months), without requiring the addition of exogenous cytokines. The tissue DC generated from these stromal cell cultures could be readily isolated at high purity by simple mechanical detachment. The feline tissue DC expressed high levels of CD11c, CD11b, and MHC Class II and variable levels of CD80 and CD14 and exhibited high levels of spontaneous macropinocytosis. Moreover, DC from spleen stromal cell cultures, but not DC from lung or liver stromal cell cultures, stimulated mixed-lymphocyte reactions. The DC generated from the stromal cell cultures were relatively independent of GM-CSF for survival and proliferation, indicative of a dependence on other growth factors produced by the stromal cells. These results suggest that tissues of young cats contain a population of resident DC progenitor cells that under appropriate conditions are capable of spontaneous proliferation and generation of immature DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States
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