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Capri FC, Di Leto Y, Presentato A, Mancuso I, Scatassa ML, Alduina R. Characterization of Staphylococcus Species Isolates from Sheep Milk with Subclinical Mastitis: Antibiotic Resistance, Enterotoxins, and Biofilm Production. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:10-18. [PMID: 37922428 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical mastitis represents one of the most contagious diseases affecting animals involved in dairy production systems. Although coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNSs) have been considered minor pathogens for many years, they have recently emerged as opportunistic pathogens in mastitis disorders. The objectives of this work were to assess the antimicrobial resistance profile and the ability to produce a biofilm in comparison with a reference strain and to search for genes related to biofilm production, antimicrobial resistance, and enterotoxins in 18 isolates of Staphylococcus species from the milk of sheep with subclinical mastitis, collected from different Sicilian farms. This knowledge is essential to provide basic information on the pathogenicity and virulence of staphylococcal species and their impact on animal health. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin, 88.8% to streptomycin, 77.7% to gentamicin, 44.4% to chloramphenicol, 27.7% to erythromycin, and 11.1% to tetracycline, and two isolates were strong biofilm producers. Antibiotic resistance gene profiling showed that 16.6% of isolates possess the blaZ gene, whereas the search of biofilm-associated genes revealed the occurrence of the sasC gene in 33.3% of isolates, the ica gene in 27.7%, and bap and agr (accessory gene regulator) genes in 16.6% of isolates. Altogether, the results of this study indicate that CoNSs can acquire virulence genes and could have a role as pathogens in subclinical mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Claire Capri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ylenia Di Leto
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Presentato
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Isabella Mancuso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "Adelmo Mirri," Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Scatassa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "Adelmo Mirri," Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Alduina
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
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Król J, Wanecka A, Twardoń J, Florek M, Marynowska M, Banaszkiewicz S, Kaczmarek-Pieńczewska A, Pląskowska E, Brodala M, Chwirot W, Korzeniowska-Kowal A, De Buck J. Staphylococcus borealis - A newly identified pathogen of bovine mammary glands. Vet Microbiol 2023; 286:109876. [PMID: 37776630 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Twelve Staphylococcus borealis strains, isolated in Canada and Poland from milk of cows with intramammary infections, were characterized phenotypically (biochemical reactions on ID 32 STAPH and Biolog Phenotype MicroArrays™ PM1 and PM2A, ability of biofilm production) and genotypically (random amplified polymorphic DNA). In addition, a genomic comparison was done with S. borealis strains of human and porcine origin using the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) technique. The bovine isolates showed a high degree of phenotypic and genotypic diversity, however, they could be differentiated from human strains by the negative test for urease (found in all but one bovine isolate examined with ID 32 STAPH) and positive reaction for D-galactose (on Biolog phenotype microarray PM1) and D-lactose (on both commercial systems). The MLST method, utilizing six concatenated genes of the total length of ∼2930 bp, revealed that bovine strains (irrespective of the country of origin) show a distinctly greater degree of mutual relationship than to the strains of human and porcine origin, suggesting that S. borealis has evolved independently in these hosts. In conclusion, bovine-specific S. borealis can be involved in intramammary infections in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Król
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, St. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Wanecka
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, St. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Twardoń
- Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pl. Grunwaldzki 49, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Florek
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, St. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maja Marynowska
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, St. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sylwia Banaszkiewicz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, St. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Kaczmarek-Pieńczewska
- Department of Plant Protection, Division of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pląskowska
- Department of Plant Protection, Division of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maria Brodala
- Student of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Chwirot
- Student of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Korzeniowska-Kowal
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, St. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jeroen De Buck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary T2N 4N1, Alberta, Canada
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Oknin H, Kroupitski Y, Shemesh M, Blum S. Upregulation of ica Operon Governs Biofilm Formation by a Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus caprae. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1533. [PMID: 37375035 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus caprae is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), which appears as commensal in the skin, as well as a prevalent mastitis pathogen of goats. Occasionally, it is also associated with infections in humans. Biofilm formation has been identified as a putative virulence factor in S. caprae. Biofilms are multicellular communities protected by a self-produced extracellular matrix (ECM), which facilitates the resistance of bacterial cells to antimicrobial treatments. The ECM is constructed by exopolysaccharides, including the major exopolysaccharide-polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA), regulated by the ica operon in Staphylococcus species. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression of the ica operon in relation to biofilm formation in S. caprae. Results showed that within a few hours of growth, S. caprae could adhere to polystyrene surfaces, start to accumulate, and form biofilm. Peak biofilm biomass and maturation were reached after 48 h, followed by a reduction in biomass after 72 h. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed the expression of matrix-associated proteins and polysaccharides at various time points. The expression dynamics of the ica operon were investigated using real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT)-qPCR, which showed elevated expression during the early stages of biofilm formation and subsequent downregulation throughout the biofilm aging process. In conclusion, our results show that the ica operon is essential in regulating biofilm formation in S. caprae, similar to other Staphylococcus species. Furthermore, the robustness of the observed biofilm phenotype could account for the successful intramammary colonization and may explain disease persistence caused by this pathogenic bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilla Oknin
- Institute for Postharvest Technology and Food Sciences, Department of Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Rishon LeZion 7534503, Israel
| | - Yulia Kroupitski
- Institute for Postharvest Technology and Food Sciences, Department of Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Moshe Shemesh
- Institute for Postharvest Technology and Food Sciences, Department of Food Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Shlomo Blum
- Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Rishon LeZion 7534503, Israel
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Pangprasit N, Srithanasuwan A, Intanon M, Suriyasathaporn W, Chaisri W. Clinical field trial of parenteral amoxicillin for the treatment of clinical and subclinical mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in the upper region of Northern Thailand. Vet World 2023; 16:792-798. [PMID: 37235160 PMCID: PMC10206963 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.792-798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Mastitis, primarily caused by intramammary bacterial infection, is the most expensive disease in the global dairy industry due to its negative impact on milk composition and manufacturing properties. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of parenteral amoxicillin in the treatment of clinical and subclinical mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in Northern Thailand. Materials and Methods A total of 51 cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis from dairy cooperatives in Lamphun and Chiang Mai provinces, Northern Thailand, were enrolled in this study. Conventional bacteriological procedures were applied to identify the causative bacteria in milk samples from these cows before and 7 days after treatment, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted using the disk diffusion method for all bacteria isolated before treatment. All cows with mastitis were administered 15 mg/kg of amoxicillin (LONGAMOX®, Syva Laboratories SA, Spain) intramuscularly every other day for 3 days. Results Environmental streptococcal bacteria (Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus spp.) were commonly isolated from infected quarters and were highly susceptible to amoxicillin (100%). The clinical efficacy of amoxicillin treatment for clinical mastitis cases was 80.43%, and the bacteriological efficacy was 47.82%, with opportunistic staphylococcal bacteria (coagulase-negative staphylococci) and contagious streptococcal bacteria (Streptococcus agalactiae) being the most sensitive microorganisms (100%). In subclinical mastitis cases, the bacteriological efficacy of parenteral amoxicillin was 70.45%, with environmental streptococcal bacteria (S. uberis) being the most (100%) sensitive microorganisms. Conclusion Amoxicillin is highly efficacious and can be used to treat clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows, particularly mastitis caused by environmental Streptococcus spp. These findings could be used to guide treatment regimens in veterinary practice in smallholder dairy farms in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppason Pangprasit
- Department of Livestock Clinics, Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thamarat 80160, Thailand
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Anyaphat Srithanasuwan
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Montira Intanon
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Witaya Suriyasathaporn
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Wasana Chaisri
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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Breser ML, Tisera L, Orellano MS, Bohl LP, Isaac P, Bianco I, Porporatto C. Chitosan can improve antimicrobial treatment independently of bacterial lifestyle, biofilm biomass intensity and antibiotic resistance pattern in non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) isolated from bovine clinical mastitis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1167693. [PMID: 37152721 PMCID: PMC10162019 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1167693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is the most frequent and costly disease that affects dairy cattle. Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are currently one of the main pathogens associated with difficult-to-treat intramammary infections. Biofilm is an important virulence factor that can protect bacteria against antimicrobial treatment and prevent their recognition by the host's immune system. Previously, we found that chronic mastitis isolates which were refractory to antibiotic therapy developed strong biofilm biomass. Now, we evaluated the influence of biofilm biomass intensity on the antibiotic resistance pattern in strong and weak biofilm-forming NAS isolates from clinical mastitis. We also assessed the effect of cloxacillin (Clx) and chitosan (Ch), either alone or in combination, on NAS isolates with different lifestyles and abilities to form biofilm. The antibiotic resistance pattern was not the same in strong and weak biofilm producers, and there was a significant association (p ≤ 0.01) between biofilm biomass intensity and antibiotic resistance. Bacterial viability assays showed that a similar antibiotic concentration was effective at killing both groups when they grew planktonically. In contrast, within biofilm the concentrations needed to eliminate strong producers were 16 to 128 times those needed for weak producers, and more than 1,000 times those required for planktonic cultures. Moreover, Ch alone or combined with Clx had significant antimicrobial activity, and represented an improvement over the activity of the antibiotic on its own, independently of the bacterial lifestyle, the biofilm biomass intensity or the antibiotic resistance pattern. In conclusion, the degree of protection conferred by biofilm against antibiotics appears to be associated with the intensity of its biomass, but treatment with Ch might be able to help counteract it. These findings suggest that bacterial biomass should be considered when designing new antimicrobial therapies aimed at reducing antibiotic concentrations while improving cure rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Breser
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa María, Argentina
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa María, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Maria Laura Breser,
| | - Lucia Tisera
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa María, Argentina
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa María, Argentina
| | - Maria Soledad Orellano
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa María, Argentina
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU. Responsive Polymer Therapeutics Group (POLYMAT), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luciana Paola Bohl
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa María, Argentina
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa María, Argentina
| | - Paula Isaac
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa María, Argentina
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa María, Argentina
| | - Ismael Bianco
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba (CEPROCOR), Ministerio de Industria, Comercio, Minería y Desarrollo Científico Tecnológico, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carina Porporatto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa María, Argentina
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa María, Argentina
- Carina Porporatto,
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Chavignon M, Coignet L, Bonhomme M, Bergot M, Tristan A, Verhoeven P, Josse J, Laurent F, Butin M. Environmental Persistence of Staphylococcus capitis NRCS-A in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Role of Biofilm Formation, Desiccation, and Disinfectant Tolerance. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0421522. [PMID: 36409142 PMCID: PMC9769769 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04215-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The clone Staphylococcus capitis NRCS-A is responsible for late-onset sepsis in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) worldwide. Over time, this clone has evolved into three subgroups that are increasingly adapted to the NICU environment. This study aimed to decipher the mechanisms involved in NRCS-A persistence in NICUs. Twenty-six S. capitis strains belonging to each of the three NRCS-A clone subgroups and two other non-NRCS-A groups from neonates (alpha clone) or from adult patients ("other strains") were compared based on growth kinetics and ability to form biofilm as well as tolerance to desiccation and to different disinfectants. S. capitis biofilm formation was enhanced in rich medium and decreased under conditions of nutrient stress for all strains. However, under conditions of nutrient stress, NRCS-A strains presented an enhanced ability to adhere and form a thin biofilm containing more viable and culturable bacteria (mean 5.7 log10 CFU) than the strains from alpha clone (mean, 1.1 log10 CFU) and the "other strains" (mean, 4.2 log10 CFU) (P < 0.0001). The biofilm is composed of bacterial aggregates with a matrix mainly composed of polysaccharides. The NRCS-A clone also showed better persistence after a 48-h desiccation. However, disinfectant tolerance was not enhanced in the NRCS-A clone in comparison with that of strains from adult patients. In conclusion, the ability to form biofilm under nutrient stress and to survive desiccation are two major advantages for clone NRCS-A that could explain its ability to persist and settle in the specific environment of NICU settings. IMPORTANCE Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) host extremely fragile newborns, including preterm neonates. These patients are very susceptible to nosocomial infections, with coagulase-negative staphylococci being the species most frequently involved. In particular, a Staphylococcus capitis clone named NRCS-A has emerged worldwide specifically in NICUs and is responsible for severe nosocomial sepsis in preterm neonates. This clone is specifically adapted to the NICU environment and is able to colonize and maintain on NICU surfaces. The present work explored the mechanisms involved in the persistence of the NRCS-A clone in the NICU environment despite strict hygiene measures. The ability to produce biofilm under nutritional stress and to resist desiccation appear to be the two main advantages of NRCS-A in comparison with other strains. These findings are pivotal to provide clues for subsequent development of targeted methods to combat NRCS-A and to stop its dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Chavignon
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Pathogénie des Staphylocoques, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ludivine Coignet
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Pathogénie des Staphylocoques, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie Bonhomme
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Pathogénie des Staphylocoques, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Bergot
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Pathogénie des Staphylocoques, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Tristan
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Pathogénie des Staphylocoques, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Verhoeven
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP (Groupe sur l’Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University-Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jérôme Josse
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Pathogénie des Staphylocoques, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Pathogénie des Staphylocoques, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Butin
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Pathogénie des Staphylocoques, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
- Service de Néonatologie et Réanimation Néonatale, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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Shaban TF, Alkawareek MY. Prediction of qualitative antibiofilm activity of antibiotics using supervised machine learning techniques. Comput Biol Med 2022; 140:105065. [PMID: 34839184 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although biofilm-specific antibiotic susceptibility assays are available, they are time-consuming and resource-intensive, and hence they are not usually performed in clinical settings. Herein, we introduce a machine learning-based predictive modeling approach that uses routinely available and easily accessible data to qualitatively predict in vitro antibiofilm activity of antibiotics with relatively high accuracy. Three optimized models based on logistic regression, decision tree, and random forest algorithms were successfully developed in this study using data manually collected from published literature. In these models, independent variables that serve as significant predictors of antibiofilm activity are minimum inhibitory concentration, bacterial Gram type, biofilm formation method, in addition to antibiotic's mechanism of action, molecular weight, and pKa. The cross-validation method showed that the optimized models exhibit prediction accuracy of 67% ± 6.1% for the logistic regression model, 73% ± 5.8% for the decision tree model, and 74% ± 5% for the random forest model. However, the one-way ANOVA test revealed that the difference in prediction accuracy between the 3 models is not statistically significant, and hence they can be considered to have comparable performance. The presented modeling approach can serve as an alternative to the resource-intensive biofilm assays to rapidly and properly manage biofilm-associated infections, especially in resource-limited clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taqwa F Shaban
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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8
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Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are evolving as novel therapeutic options against the increasing problem of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, and nisin is one such avenue. However, some bacteria possess a specific nisin resistance system (NSR), which cleaves the peptide reducing its bactericidal efficacy. NSR-based resistance was identified in strains of Streptococcus uberis, a ubiquitous pathogen that causes mastitis in dairy cattle. Previous studies have demonstrated that a nisin A derivative termed nisin PV, featuring S29P and I30V, exhibits enhanced resistance to proteolytic cleavage by NSR. Our objective was to investigate the ability of this nisin derivative to eradicate and inhibit biofilms of S. uberis DPC 5344 and S. uberis ATCC 700407 (nsr+) using crystal violet (biomass), 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) (viability) assays, and confocal microscopy (viability and architecture). When preestablished biofilms were assessed, both peptides reduced biofilm biomass by over 60% compared to that of the untreated controls. However, a 42% higher reduction in viability was observed following treatment with nisin PV compared to that of nisin A. Accordingly, confocal microscopy analysis revealed significantly more dead cells on the biofilm upper surface and a reduced thickness following treatment with nisin PV. When biofilm inhibition was assessed, nisin PV inhibited biofilm formation and decreased viability up to 56% and 85% more than nisin A, respectively. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed a lack of biofilm for S. uberis ATCC 700407 and only dead cells for S. uberis DPC 5344. These results suggest that nisin PV is a promising alternative to effectively reduce the biofilm formation of S. uberis strains carrying NSR. IMPORTANCE One of the four most prevalent species of bovine mastitis-causing pathogens is S. uberis. Its ability to form biofilms confers on the bacteria greater resistance to antibiotics, requiring higher doses to be more effective. In a bid to limit antibiotic resistance development, the need for alternative antimicrobials is paramount. Bacteriocins such as nisin represent one such alternative that could alleviate the impact of mastitis caused by S. uberis. However, many strains of S. uberis have been shown to possess nisin resistance determinants, such as the nisin resistance protein (NSR). In this study, we demonstrate the ability of nisin and a nisin derivative termed PV that is insensitive to NSR to prevent and remove biofilms of NSR-producing S. uberis strains. These findings will add new information to the antimicrobial bacteriocins and control of S. uberis research fields specifically in relation to biofilms and nsr+ mastitis-associated strains.
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Maillard JY, Kampf G, Cooper R. Antimicrobial stewardship of antiseptics that are pertinent to wounds: the need for a united approach. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2021; 3:dlab027. [PMID: 34223101 PMCID: PMC8209993 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long before the nature of infection was recognized, or the significance of biofilms in delayed healing was understood, antimicrobial agents were being used in wound care. In the last 70 years, antibiotics have provided an effective means to control wound infection, but the continued emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains and the documented antibiotic tolerance of biofilms has reduced their effectiveness. A range of wound dressings containing an antimicrobial (antibiotic or non-antibiotic compound) has been developed. Whereas standardized methods for determining the efficacy of non-antibiotic antimicrobials in bacterial suspension tests were developed in the early twentieth century, standardized ways of evaluating the efficacy of antimicrobial dressings against microbial suspensions and biofilms are not available. Resistance to non-antibiotic antimicrobials and cross-resistance with antibiotics has been reported, but consensus on breakpoints is absent and surveillance is impossible. Antimicrobial stewardship is therefore in jeopardy. This review highlights these difficulties and in particular the efficacy of current non-antibiotic antimicrobials used in dressings, their efficacy, and the challenges of translating in vitro efficacy data to the efficacy of dressings in patients. This review calls for a unified approach to developing standardized methods of evaluating antimicrobial dressings that will provide an improved basis for practitioners to make informed choices in wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Maillard
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Günter Kampf
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rose Cooper
- School of Sport & Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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Loera-Muro A, Guerrero-Barrera A, Tremblay D N Y, Hathroubi S, Angulo C. Bacterial biofilm-derived antigens: a new strategy for vaccine development against infectious diseases. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:385-396. [PMID: 33606569 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1892492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microorganisms can develop into a social organization known as biofilms and these communities can be found in virtually all types of environment on earth. In biofilms, cells grow as multicellular communities held together by a self-produced extracellular matrix. Living within a biofilm allows for the emergence of specific properties for these cells that their planktonic counterparts do not have. Furthermore, biofilms are the cause of several infectious diseases and are frequently inhabited by multi-species. These interactions between microbial species are often critical for the biofilm process. Despite the importance of biofilms in disease, vaccine antigens are typically prepared from bacteria grown as planktonic cells under laboratory conditions. Vaccines based on planktonic bacteria may not provide optimal protection against biofilm-driven infections. AREAS COVERED In this review, we will present an overview of biofilm formation, what controls this mode of growth, and recent vaccine development targeting biofilms. EXPERT OPINION Previous and ongoing research provides evidence that vaccine formulation with antigens derived from biofilms is a promising approach to prevent infectious diseases and can enhance the protective efficacy of existing vaccines. Therefore, research focusing on the identification of biofilm-derived antigens merits further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Loera-Muro
- CONACYT-CIBNOR, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS, México
| | - Alma Guerrero-Barrera
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Colonia Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, AGS, México
| | - Yannick Tremblay D N
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Skander Hathroubi
- Cluster of Excellence "Matters of Activity.Image Space Material", Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Liden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany.,Institüt Für Biologie/Mikrobiologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS, México
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11
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Massé J, Dufour S, Archambault M. Characterization of Klebsiella isolates obtained from clinical mastitis cases in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:3392-3400. [PMID: 32089315 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella spp. are important opportunistic pathogens commonly defined as environmental clinical mastitis agents. Despite Klebsiella mastitis being clinically impairing in cows and costly to the industry, only a few studies describe Klebsiella isolated from mastitis cases. The aim of this work was to characterize species of Klebsiella involved in clinical mastitis cases in Canada. Klebsiella isolated from clinical mastitis cases (n = 53) were identified to the species level using a biochemical test panel and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The rpoB gene sequence was used as the gold standard method and identified Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 40), Klebsiella oxytoca (n = 9), Raoultella ornithinolytica (n = 2), and Raoultella planticola (n = 2). Raoultella, a genus closely related to Klebsiella, was also accurately identified using mass spectrometry but not via biochemical testing. Using the disc diffusion technique, 31 (58%) isolates were found to be susceptible to all antimicrobials tested (n = 18). The remaining 22 (42%) isolates were resistant to 1 or more of the following antimicrobials: kanamycin (2%), streptomycin (38%), spectinomycin (13%), sulfisoxazole (13%), and tetracycline (19%). The following antimicrobial resistance genes were identified: tetA, tetB, sul1, strA/strB, and aadA. Random amplified polymorphic DNA revealed the majority of our isolates as unrelated and having different patterns, indicating environmental contamination as the primary source of infection. All isolates were shown to be biofilm producers. In conclusion, although antimicrobial resistance was low for both Klebsiella and Raoultella species, genetically related Klebsiella spp. isolates appeared to be more resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Massé
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Regroupement de Recherche pour un Lait de Qualité Optimale (Op+Lait), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada; Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Productions Animales (GREMIP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Simon Dufour
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Regroupement de Recherche pour un Lait de Qualité Optimale (Op+Lait), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada; Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marie Archambault
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Regroupement de Recherche pour un Lait de Qualité Optimale (Op+Lait), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada; Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Productions Animales (GREMIP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada.
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12
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Bernier-Lachance J, Arsenault J, Usongo V, Parent É, Labrie J, Jacques M, Malouin F, Archambault M. Prevalence and characteristics of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) isolated from chicken meat in the province of Quebec, Canada. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227183. [PMID: 31923238 PMCID: PMC6953868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in retail chicken meat and broiler chickens from the Province of Quebec, Canada, and to characterize LA-MRSA isolates. A total of 309 chicken drumsticks and thighs were randomly selected in 2013 from 43 retail stores in the Monteregie. In addition, nasal swabs and caeca samples were collected in 2013-2014 from 200 broiler chickens of 38 different flocks. LA-MRSA was not detected in broiler chickens. Fifteen LA-MRSA isolates were recovered from four (1.3%) of the 309 chicken meat samples. Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) and SCCmec typing revealed two profiles (ST398-MRSA-V and ST8-MRSA-IVa), which were distinct using pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and microarray (antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes) analyses. In addition to beta-lactam resistance, tetracycline and spectinomycin resistance was detected in all isolates from the 3 positive samples of the ST398 profile. Southern blot hybridization revealed that the resistance genes aad(D) and lnu(A), encoding resistances to aminoglycosides and lincosamides respectively, were located on plasmid. All isolates were able to produce biofilms, but biofilm production was not correlated with hld gene expression. Our results show the presence of two separate lineages of MRSA in retail chicken meat in Quebec, one of which is likely of human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Bernier-Lachance
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Arsenault
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Valentine Usongo
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Parent
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Josée Labrie
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Mario Jacques
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - François Malouin
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Centre d'Étude et de Valorisation de la Diversité Microbienne (CEVDM), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Archambault
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Aviaire (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Phophi L, Petzer IM, Qekwana DN. Antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species isolated from subclinical mastitis cow milk samples submitted to the Onderstepoort Milk Laboratory. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:420. [PMID: 31771575 PMCID: PMC6880574 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, treatment failure, and financial losses have been reported in dairy cows with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) clinical mastitis, however, studies on CoNS infections are limited in South Africa. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation in CoNS isolated from cow milk samples submitted to the Onderstepoort Milk Laboratory. Results A total of 142 confirmed CoNS isolates were used for this study. Biofilm formation was identified in 18% of CoNS tested. Staphylococcus chromogenes (11%) had the highest proportion of biofilm formation followed by S. haemolyticus (4.0%), S. epidermidis, S. hominis, S. xylosus, and S. simulans with 1% respectively. Ninety percent (90%) of CoNS were resistant to at least one antimicrobial (AMR) and 51% were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Resistance among CoNS was the highest to ampicillin (90%) and penicillin (89%), few isolates resistant to cefoxitin and vancomycin, 9% respectively. Similarly, MDR-S. haemolyticus (44%), MDR-S. epidermidis (65%), and MDR-S. chromogenes (52%) were mainly resistant to penicillins. The most common resistance patterns observed were resistance to penicillin-ampicillin (16%) and penicillin-ampicillin-erythromycin (10%). Only 42% of biofilm positive CoNS were MDR. Conclusion The majority of CoNS in this study were resistance to penicillins. In addition, most isolates were β-lactam resistant and MDR. Biofilm formation among the CoNS in this study was uncommon and there was no significant difference in the proportion of MDR-CoNS based on the ability to form a biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufuno Phophi
- Section Veterinary Public Health, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Inge-Marie Petzer
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Daniel Nenene Qekwana
- Section Veterinary Public Health, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
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14
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Fibronectin and laminin induce biofilm formation by Streptococcus uberis and decrease its penicillin susceptibility. Microb Pathog 2019; 136:103652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Zaatout N, Ayachi A, Kecha M, Kadlec K. Identification of staphylococci causing mastitis in dairy cattle from Algeria and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1305-1314. [PMID: 31356718 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of staphylococci from cows with subclinical mastitis from independent herds in Algeria, and to characterize Staphylococcus aureus isolates. METHODS AND RESULTS Quarter milk samples were collected separately, somatic cells were counted and samples with more than 200 000 somatic cells per ml were cultured on blood agar. Staphylococci isolates were identified by routine diagnostics, and S. aureus isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion and microdilution. Congo red agar was used to detect biofilm formation and capsule synthesis was detected on serum soft agar (SSA). The S. aureus isolates were characterized by spa typing. DNA microarray analysis was performed to detect resistance and virulence genes. Overall, 40·0% (167/418) of the cows suffered from mastitis. In 63·5% (106/167) of the cows staphylococci were identified. Nine of the 106 Staphylococcus isolates (8·5%) were S. aureus. The coagulase-negative staphylococci belonged to 14 species. All S. aureus isolates were multiresistant and biofilm forming, with 66·67% of them showing diffuse colonies on SSA and belonged to CC97-agrI-cap5. Biofilm genes (icaA/C/D), 13 genes encoding for adhesion, six genes encoding proteases, 11 genes encoding superantigen like toxins were found. Genes conferring resistance to tetracycline (tet(K)), penicillin (blaZ/I/R) and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (erm(B), erm(A)) were also detected in the S. aureus from this study. CONCLUSIONS The current investigation provides a detailed molecular and biofilm formation ability of S. aureus involved in subclinical mastitis in Algeria and shows the wide distribution of adhesion and enterotoxin(-like) genes among S. aureus responsible for causing subclinical bovine mastitis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These findings are valuable in tracking the evolution and genomic variation of S. aureus from bovine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zaatout
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - A Ayachi
- Institute of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - M Kecha
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - K Kadlec
- Dairy Herd Consulting and Research Company (MBFG), Wunstorf, Germany
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16
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Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolated from Hospitalized Patients. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.64496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Cunha E, Trovão T, Pinheiro A, Nunes T, Santos R, Moreira da Silva J, São Braz B, Tavares L, Veiga AS, Oliveira M. Potential of two delivery systems for nisin topical application to dental plaque biofilms in dogs. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:375. [PMID: 30497466 PMCID: PMC6267012 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease (PD) is caused by the development of a microbial biofilm (dental plaque) in the periodontium, affecting approximately 80% of dogs. Several bacterial species present in the canine oral cavity can be implicated in the development of this disease, including Enterococcus spp. To decrease antibiotic administration, a possible control strategy for dog's enterococcal PD may involve the use of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) nisin. Nisin's inhibitory activity was evaluated against a collection of previously characterized enterococci obtained from the oral cavity of dogs with PD (n = 20), as well as the potential of a guar-gum gel and a veterinary toothpaste as topical delivery systems for this AMP. The Minimum Inhibitory (MIC) and Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) and the Minimum Biofilm Eradication (MBEC) and Inhibitory Concentrations (MBIC) were determined for nisin and for the supplemented guar-gum gel. For the supplemented veterinary toothpaste an agar-well diffusion assay was used to evaluate its inhibitory potential. RESULTS Nisin was effective against all isolates. Independently of being or not incorporated in the guar-gum gel, its inhibitory activity on biofilms was higher, with MBIC (12.46 ± 5.16 and 13.60 ± 4.31 μg/mL, respectively) and MBEC values (21.87 ± 11.33 and 42.34 ± 16.61 μg/mL) being lower than MIC (24.61 ± 4.64 and 14.90 ± 4.10 μg/mL) and MBC (63.09 ± 13.22 and 66.63 ± 19.55 μg/mL) values. The supplemented toothpaste was also effective, showing inhibitory activity against 95% of the isolates. CONCLUSIONS The inhibitory ability of nisin when incorporated in the two delivery systems was maintained or increased, demonstrating the potential of these supplemented vehicles to be applied to PD control in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cunha
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Trovão
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Pinheiro
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Telmo Nunes
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Santos
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Moreira da Silva
- Virbac de Portugal Laboratórios, Lda, Rua do Centro Empresarial, Quinta da Beloura, 2710-693, Sintra, Portugal
| | - Berta São Braz
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Salomé Veiga
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Fighting biofilms with lantibiotics and other groups of bacteriocins. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2018; 4:9. [PMID: 29707229 PMCID: PMC5908865 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-018-0053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are sessile communities of bacteria typically embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix. Bacterial cells embedded in biofilms are inherently recalcitrant to antimicrobials, compared to cells existing in a planktonic state, and are notoriously difficult to eradicate once formed. Avenues to tackle biofilms thus far have largely focussed on attempting to disrupt the initial stages of biofilm formation, including adhesion and maturation of the biofilm. Such an approach is advantageous as the concentrations required to inhibit formation of biofilms are generally much lower than removing a fully established biofilm. The crisis of antibiotic resistance in clinical settings worldwide has been further exacerbated by the ability of certain pathogenic bacteria to form biofilms. Perhaps the most notorious biofilm formers described from a clinical viewpoint have been methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gardnerella vaginalis and Streptococcus mutans, the latter of which is found in oral biofilms. Due to the dearth of novel antibiotics in recent decades, compounded by the increasing rate of emergence of resistance amongst pathogens with a propensity for biofilm formation, solutions are urgently required to mitigate these crises. Bacteriocins are a class of antimicrobial peptides, which are ribosomally synthesised and often are more potent than their antibiotic counterparts. Here, we review a selection of studies conducted with bacteriocins with the ultimate objective of inhibiting biofilms. Overall, a deeper understanding of the precise means by which a biofilm forms on a substrate as well as insights into the mechanisms by which bacteriocins inhibit biofilms is warranted.
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Willing BP, Pepin DM, Marcolla CS, Forgie AJ, Diether NE, Bourrie BCT. Bacterial resistance to antibiotic alternatives: a wolf in sheep's clothing? Anim Front 2018; 8:39-47. [PMID: 32002217 PMCID: PMC6951935 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfy003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deanna M Pepin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Camila S Marcolla
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew J Forgie
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Natalie E Diether
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin C T Bourrie
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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20
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Breser ML, Felipe V, Bohl LP, Orellano MS, Isaac P, Conesa A, Rivero VE, Correa SG, Bianco ID, Porporatto C. Chitosan and cloxacillin combination improve antibiotic efficacy against different lifestyle of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates from chronic bovine mastitis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5081. [PMID: 29572457 PMCID: PMC5865155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis affects the health of dairy cows and the profitability of herds worldwide. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are the most frequently isolated pathogens in bovine intramammary infection. Based on the wide range of antimicrobial, mucoadhesive and immunostimulant properties demonstrated by chitosan, we have evaluated therapy efficiency of chitosan incorporation to cloxacillin antibiotic as well as its effect against different bacterial lifestyles of seven CNS isolates from chronic intramammary infections. The therapeutic effects of combinations were evaluated on planktonic cultures, bacterial biofilms and intracellular growth in mammary epithelial cells. We found that biofilms and intracellular growth forms offered a strong protection against antibiotic therapy. On the other hand, we found that chitosan addition to cloxacillin efficiently reduced the antibiotic concentration necessary for bacterial killing in different lifestyle. Remarkably, the combined treatment was not only able to inhibit bacterial biofilm establishment and increase preformed biofilm eradication, but it also reduced intracellular bacterial viability while it increased IL-6 secretion by infected epithelial cells. These findings provide a new approach to prophylactic drying therapy that could help to improve conventional antimicrobial treatment against different forms of bacterial growth in an efficient, safer and greener manner reducing multiresistant bacteria generation and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Breser
- Centro de Investigación y Transferencia (CIT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina.,Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina
| | - Verónica Felipe
- Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina
| | - Luciana P Bohl
- Centro de Investigación y Transferencia (CIT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina.,Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina
| | - María S Orellano
- Centro de Investigación y Transferencia (CIT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina
| | - Paula Isaac
- Centro de Investigación y Transferencia (CIT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina.,Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina
| | - Agustín Conesa
- Centro de Investigación y Transferencia (CIT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina.,Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina
| | - Virginia E Rivero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvia G Correa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ismael D Bianco
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba (CEPROCOR), Ministerio de Industria, Comercio, Minería y Desarrollo Científico Tecnológico, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carina Porporatto
- Centro de Investigación y Transferencia (CIT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina. .,Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Arturo Jauretche 1555, Ciudad Universitaria, Villa María, Argentina.
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21
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Kim J, Hong J, Lim JA, Heu S, Roh E. Improved multiplex PCR primers for rapid identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Arch Microbiol 2017; 200:73-83. [PMID: 28795230 PMCID: PMC5758691 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1415-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are opportunistic pathogens that are currently emerging as causative agents of human disease. Though CNS are widespread in the clinic and food, their precise identification at species level is important. Here, using 16S rRNA sequencing, 55 staphylococcal isolates were identified as S. capitis, S. caprae, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. pasteuri, S. saprophyticus, S. warneri, and S. xylosus. Although 16S rRNA sequencing is universally accepted as a standard for bacterial identification, the method did not effectively discriminate closely related species, and additional DNA sequencing was required. The divergence of the sodA gene sequence is higher than that of 16S rRNA. To devise a rapid and accurate identification method, sodA-specific primers were designed to demonstrate that species-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used for the identification of CNS species. The accuracy of this method was higher than that of phenotypic identification; the method is simple and less time-consuming than 16S rRNA sequencing. Of the 55 CNS isolates, 92.72% were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 60% were resistant to three or more antibiotics. CNS isolates produced diverse virulence-associated enzymes, including hemolysin (produced by 69.09% of the isolates), protease (65.45%), lipase (54.54%), lecithinase (36.36%), and DNase (29.09%); all isolates could form a biofilm. Because of the increasing pathogenic significance of CNS, the efficient multiplex PCR detection method developed in this study may contribute to studies for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonguk Kim
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Hong
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-A Lim
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggi Heu
- Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 16613, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Roh
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Goetz C, Tremblay YDN, Lamarche D, Blondeau A, Gaudreau AM, Labrie J, Malouin F, Jacques M. Coagulase-negative staphylococci species affect biofilm formation of other coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive staphylococci. J Dairy Sci 2017. [PMID: 28624271 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are considered to be commensal bacteria in humans and animals, but are now also recognized as etiological agents in several infections, including bovine mastitis. Biofilm formation appears to be an important factor in CNS pathogenicity. Furthermore, some researchers have proposed that CNS colonization of the intramammary environment has a protective effect against other pathogens. The mechanisms behind the protective effect of CNS have yet to be characterized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CNS isolates with a weak-biofilm phenotype on the biofilm formation of other staphylococcal isolates. We selected 10 CNS with a weak-biofilm phenotype and 30 staphylococcal isolates with a strong-biofilm phenotype for this study. We measured biofilm production by individual isolates using a standard polystyrene microtiter plate assay and compared the findings with biofilm produced in mixed cultures. We confirmed the results using confocal microscopy and a microfluidic system with low shear force. Four of the CNS isolates with a weak-biofilm phenotype (Staphylococcus chromogenes C and E and Staphylococcus simulans F and H) significantly reduced biofilm formation in approximately 80% of the staphylococcal species tested, including coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The 4 Staph. chromogenes and Staph. simulans isolates were also able to disperse pre-established biofilms, but to a lesser extent. We also performed a deferred antagonism assay and recorded the number of colony-forming units in the mixed-biofilm assays on differential or selective agar plates. Overall, CNS with a weak-biofilm phenotype did not inhibit the growth of isolates with a strong-biofilm phenotype. These results suggest that some CNS isolates can negatively affect the ability of other staphylococcal isolates and species to form biofilms via a mechanism that does not involve growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Goetz
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2; Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2
| | - Yannick D N Tremblay
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2; Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2
| | - Daphnée Lamarche
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2
| | - Andréanne Blondeau
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2
| | - Annie M Gaudreau
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2
| | - Josée Labrie
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2
| | - François Malouin
- Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Mario Jacques
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2; Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2.
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23
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De Visscher A, Piepers S, Haesebrouck F, Supré K, De Vliegher S. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species in bulk milk: Prevalence, distribution, and associated subgroup- and species-specific risk factors. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:629-642. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Biofilm-Forming Abilities of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates Associated with Human Infections. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 82:1448-1458. [PMID: 26712549 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02983-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Forming biofilms may be a survival strategy of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli to enable it to persist in the environment and the food industry. Here, we evaluate and characterize the biofilm-forming ability of 39 isolates of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates recovered from human infection and belonging to seropathotypes A, B, or C. The presence and/or production of biofilm factors such as curli, cellulose, autotransporter, and fimbriae were investigated. The polymeric matrix of these biofilms was analyzed by confocal microscopy and by enzymatic digestion. Cell viability and matrix integrity were examined after sanitizer treatments. Isolates of the seropathotype A (O157:H7 and O157:NM), which have the highest relative incidence of human infection, had a greater ability to form biofilms than isolates of seropathotype B or C. Seropathotype A isolates were unique in their ability to produce cellulose and poly-N-acetylglucosamine. The integrity of the biofilms was dependent on proteins. Two autotransporter genes, ehaB and espP, and two fimbrial genes, z1538 and lpf2, were identified as potential genetic determinants for biofilm formation. Interestingly, the ability of several isolates from seropathotype A to form biofilms was associated with their ability to agglutinate yeast in a mannose-independent manner. We consider this an unidentified biofilm-associated factor produced by those isolates. Treatment with sanitizers reduced the viability of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli but did not completely remove the biofilm matrix. Overall, our data indicate that biofilm formation could contribute to the persistence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and specifically seropathotype A isolates in the environment.
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