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Ren J, Tan S, Chen X, Wang X, Lin Y, Jin Y, Niu S, Wang Y, Gao X, Liang L, Li J, Zhao Y, Tian WX. Characterization of a novel recombinant NADC30‑like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Shanxi Province, China. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1879-1889. [PMID: 38349546 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important pathogens affecting the swine industry. In this report, a novel PRRSV strain SXht2012 was isolated from Shanxi province in China. To identify genetic characteristics of SXht2012, we conducted phylogenetic and homology analyses after sequencing its complete genome. The results revealed that SXht2012 belonged to NADC30-like strain and shared 91.3% nucleotide (nt) identity with strain NADC30. Notably, sequence alignment showed that a distinctive feature in the NSP2 region, where a 131-amino acid (aa) deletion was found in the hypervariable region (HVR). Additionally, variations were also detected in the GP5 protein, specifically in the decoy peptide, T cell peptide, and a potential glycosylation site (aa 32). Furthermore, we also found that SXht2012 was likely a recombination virus originating from NADC30-like and JXA1-like strains, and three recombination breakpoints were identified in the genome at nt positions 1516, 5280 and 6851, which correspond to the NSP2, NSP3, and NSP7 regions. Overall, these findings have significant implications for understanding the genetic variation and evolutionary dynamics of PRRSV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianle Ren
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu District, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Shanshan Tan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu District, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Xizhen Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu District, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Yiting Lin
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu District, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu District, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Sheng Niu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu District, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu District, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Xiaolong Gao
- Beijing Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Libin Liang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu District, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Junping Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu District, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu District, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Wen-Xia Tian
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian South Road, Taigu District, Jinzhong, 030801, China.
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Li C, Fan A, Liu Z, Wang G, Zhou L, Zhang H, Huang L, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. Prevalence, Time of Infection, and Diversity of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in China. Viruses 2024; 16:774. [PMID: 38793655 PMCID: PMC11125865 DOI: 10.3390/v16050774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRVS) is a major swine viral pathogen that affects the pig industry worldwide. Control of early PRRSV infection is essential, and different types of PRRSV-positive samples can reflect the time point of PRRSV infection. This study aims to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of PRRSV in China from Q4 2021 to Q4 2022, which will be beneficial for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)control in the swine production industry in the future. A total of 7518 samples (of processing fluid, weaning serum, and oral fluid) were collected from 100 intensive pig farms in 21 provinces, which covered all five pig production regions in China, on a quarterly basis starting from the fourth quarter of 2021 and ending on the fourth quarter of 2022. Independent of sample type, 32.1% (2416/7518) of the total samples were PCR-positive for PRRSV, including 73.6% (1780/2416) samples that were positive for wild PRRSV, and the remaining were positive for PRRSV vaccine strains. On the basis of the time of infection, 58.9% suckling piglets (processing fluid) and 30.8% weaning piglets (weaning serum) showed PRRSV infection at an early stage (approximately 90% of the farms). The sequencing analysis results indicate a wide range of diverse PRRSV wild strains in China, with lineage 1 as the dominant strain. Our study clearly demonstrates the prevalence, infection stage, and diversity of PRRSV in China. This study provides useful data for the epidemiological understanding of PRRSV, which can contribute to the strategic and systematic prevention and control of PRRSV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosi Li
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200040, China; (C.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Aihua Fan
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200040, China; (C.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.L.); (J.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China;
| | - Lei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China;
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China;
| | - Lv Huang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200040, China; (C.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212000, China;
| | - Yan Zhang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, China;
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Zhang H, Li C, Xu H, Gong B, Li W, Guo Z, Xiang L, Sun Q, Zhao J, Peng J, Wang Q, Zhou G, Tang YD, An T, Cai XH, Tian ZJ. Protective efficacy of a candidate live attenuated vaccine derived from the SD-R strain of lineage 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus against a lethal challenge with HP-PRRSV HuN4 in piglets. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0198423. [PMID: 37819126 PMCID: PMC10714764 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01984-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Both highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) and NADC30-like PRRSV have caused tremendous economic losses to the Chinese pig industry. In this study, a good challenge model was established to evaluate the protection afforded by the candidate SD-R vaccine against infection with a representative HP-PRRSV strain (HuN4). The control piglets in the challenge experiment displayed obvious clinical symptoms of PRRSV infection, with a mortality rate up to 40%. In contrast, all the piglets in the vaccinated challenged group survived, and only some pigs had transient fever. The daily gain of SD-R immunized group piglets was significantly increased, and the pathological changes were significantly reduced. In addition, the viral replication levels in the serum of the immunized group were significantly lower than those of the challenged control group. The live attenuated vaccine SD-R strain can provide protection against HP-PRRSV challenge, indicating that the SD-R strain is a promising vaccine candidate for use in the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Bangjun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wansheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lirun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jinmei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guohui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tongqing An
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Hui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Zhu H, Wei L, Liu X, Liu S, Chen H, Chen P, Li X, Qian P. Pathogenicity Studies of NADC34-like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus LNSY-GY and NADC30-like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus GXGG-8011 in Piglets. Viruses 2023; 15:2247. [PMID: 38005924 PMCID: PMC10674415 DOI: 10.3390/v15112247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused significant economic losses to the swine industry. The U.S., China, and Peru have reported NADC30-like or NADC34-like PRRSV-infected piglets, which have been identified as the cause of a significant number of abortions in clinics. Although the pathogenicity of NADC30-like PRRSV and NADC34-like PRRSV in piglets exhibits significant variability globally, studies on their pathogenicity in China are limited. In this study, the animal experiments showed that within 8-14 days post-infection, both piglets infected with NADC30-like PRRSV GXGG-8011 and those infected with NADC34-like PRRSV LNSY-GY exhibited significant weight loss compared to the control piglets. Additionally, the viremia of the LNSY-GY persisted for 28 days, while the viremia of piglets infected with the GXGG-8011 lasted for 17 days. Similarly, the duration of viral shedding through the fecal-oral route after the LNSY-GY infection was longer than that observed after the GXGG-8011 infection. Furthermore, post-infection, both the LNSY-GY and GXGG-8011 led to pronounced histopathological lesions in the lungs of piglets, including interstitial pneumonia and notable viral colonization. However, the antibody production in the LNSY-GY-infected group occurred earlier than that in the GXGG-8011-infected group. Our research findings indicate that LNSY-GY is a mildly pathogenic strain in piglets, whereas we speculate that the GXGG-8011 might be a highly pathogenic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hechao Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liuqing Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangzu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shudan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Xiangmin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ping Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (L.W.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
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Jiang D, Tu T, Zhou Y, Li Y, Luo Y, Yao X, Yang Z, Ren M, Wang Y. Epidemiological investigation and pathogenicity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Sichuan, China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1241354. [PMID: 37779701 PMCID: PMC10533931 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1241354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 (PRRSV-2) lineage 8 was first detected in mainland China in 2006 and has since rapidly spread to become the primary epidemic strain in the country. In this study, samples such as lung tissue, hilar lymph nodes, abortion fetuses, and blood were collected from large-scale pig farms across 11 prefecture-level cities in Sichuan province between 2019 and 2020 for antigen detection and PRRS virus isolation. The antigen detection results indicated that the positive rate of HP-PRRSV (JXA1-Like strain) was 44.74% (51/114), NADC30-Like PRRSV was 17.54% (20/114), and classical PRRSV (VR2332-Like strain) was 37.72% (43/114). The predominant strain was HP-PRRSV. Positive samples were further inoculated into Marc-145 cells for virus isolation and identification, leading to the isolation of a new JXA1-Like PRRSV strain named SCSN2020. The strain was characterized by RT-qPCR, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), plaque purification, electron microscopy, and whole genome sequencing. The total length of the viral genome was determined to be approximately 15,374 bp. A comparison of the SCSN2020 genome with VR2332 revealed that both strains had the same discontinuous 30-amino acid deletion on the Nsp2 gene. ORF5 genotyping classified the SCSN2020 strain as sublineage 8.7, with a whole genome sequence identity of 99.34% with JXA1. Furthermore, we evaluated the pathogenicity of the SCSN2020 strain in 28-day-old piglets and observed persistent fever from day 4 to day 10, weight loss started on day 7, dyspnea and severe lung lesions began started on day 14. The results of this study highlight the current PRRSV epidemic situation in Sichuan province and provide a scientific reference for subsequent prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dike Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Teng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - You Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meishen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Xu H, Li C, Gong B, Li W, Guo Z, Sun Q, Zhao J, Xiang L, Li J, Tang YD, Leng C, Wang Q, Peng J, Zhou G, Liu H, An T, Cai X, Tian ZJ, Zhang H. Protective Efficacy of a Candidate Live-Attenuated Vaccine Derived from the SD-R Strain against NADC34-like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1349. [PMID: 37631917 PMCID: PMC10459522 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains were first detected in China in 2017 and became major circulating strains in 2021. Our previous study showed that the live-attenuated vaccine candidate SD-R strain could provide broad cross-protection against different NADC30-like PRRSVs (sublineage 1.8). However, the protective effect of SD-R against NADC34-like PRRSV is unclear. Here, a novel NADC34-like PRRSV, LNTZJ1341-2012, was isolated from a pig farm experiencing disease in 2020. Sequence analysis revealed that LNTZJ1341-2012 belonged to PRRSV-2 sublineage 1.5, exhibited the same Nsp2 amino-acid deletion characteristics as IA/2014/NADC34, and had not recombined with other strains. Additionally, a good challenge model was established to evaluate the protection afforded by the candidate SD-R vaccine against infection with a representative NADC34-like strain (LNTZJ1341-2012). The control piglets in the challenge experiment displayed clinical signs typical of PRRSV infection, including transient fever, high viremia, mild clinical symptoms, and histopathological changes in the lungs and submaxillary lymph nodes. In contrast, SD-R vaccination significantly reduced serum and lung tissue viral loads, and vaccinated piglets did not show any clinical symptoms or histopathological changes. Our results demonstrated that LNTZJ1341-2012 is a mildly virulent NADC34-like PRRSV and that the live-attenuated vaccine SD-R can prevent the onset of clinical signs upon challenge with the NADC34-like PRRSV LNTZJ1341-2012 strain, indicating that SD-R is a promising vaccine candidate for the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Bangjun Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Wansheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Zhenyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Lirun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Jinhao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Chaoliang Leng
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China;
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Jinmei Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Guohui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Huairan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Tongqing An
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Zhi-Jun Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (H.X.); (C.L.); (B.G.); (W.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.S.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (J.L.); (Y.-D.T.); (Q.W.); (J.P.); (G.Z.); (H.L.); (T.A.); (X.C.); (Z.-J.T.)
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Li S, Li J, Tian Y, Liu J, Zhu J, Chen N, Shang S. A potent CD8 T-cell response may be associated with partial cross-protection conferred by an attenuated Chinese HP-PRRSV vaccine against NADC30-like PRRSV challenge. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37159409 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most devastating pathogens to the global swine industry. Many commercial PRRSV vaccines, originally designed to provide homologous protection, have shown partial protection against heterologous strains. However, the protective immune mechanisms mediated by these PRRSV vaccines are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the factors responsible for partial protection conferred by an attenuated Chinese HP-PRRSV vaccine (TJM-F92) against heterologous NADC30-like PRRSV. By analysing peripheral T-cell responses induced by the TJM-F92 vaccine and local and systemic memory responses following challenge with NADC30-like PRRSV (SD17-38 strains) as well as neutralizing antibody response, we found that the TJM-F92 vaccine induced a significant expansion of CD8 T cells but not CD4 T cells or γδ T cells. The expanded CD8 T cells exhibited a phenotype of effector memory T cells and secreted IFN-γ upon restimulation with SD17-38 strains in vitro. In addition, only CD8 T cells in the prior immunized pigs rapidly expanded in the blood and spleen after heterologous challenge, with higher magnitude, compared to the unvaccinated pigs, showing a remarkable memory response. In contrast, no obvious humoral immune response was enhanced in the vaccinated and challenged pigs, and no heterologous neutralizing antibodies were detected throughout the experiment. Our results suggested that CD8 T cells elicited by the TJM-F92 vaccine may be responsible for partial heterologous protection against NADC30-like PRRSV strains and potentially recognize the conserved antigens among PRRSV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yunfei Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Nanhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Shaobin Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
- International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, PR China
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8
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Zhang H, Luo Q, Zheng Y, Sha H, Li G, Kong W, Huang L, Zhao M. Genetic Variability and Recombination of the NSP2 Gene of PRRSV-2 Strains in China from 1996 to 2021. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050325. [PMID: 37235408 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most serious infectious diseases that detrimentally affects the pig industry worldwide. The disease, which is typically difficult to control, is an immunosuppressive disease caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), the genome of which (notably the NSP2 gene) undergoes rapid mutation. In this study, we sought to determine the genetic variation in the PRRSV-2 NSP2 gene in China from 1996 to 2021. Strain information was obtained from the GenBank database and analyzed from a molecular epidemiological perspective. We compared the nucleotide and amino acid homologies of the NSP2 sequences of different PRRSV-2 lineages, and examined phylogenetic relationships based on an analysis of the NSP2 sequences of 122 strains. The results revealed that NADC-30-like strains, which are represented by lineage 1, and HP-PRRSV strains, which are represented by lineage 8, were the most prevalent in China from 1996 to 2021. Close similarities were detected in the genetic evolution of lineages 3, 5, and 8. For nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparisons, we selected representative strains from each lineage, and for the NSP2 among different PRRSV-2 strains, we accordingly detected homologies of 72.5-99.8% and 63.9-99.4% at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively, thereby indicating certain differences in the degrees of NSP2 amino acid and nucleotide variation. Based on amino acid sequence comparisons, we identified deletions, insertions, and substitutions at multiple sites among the NSP2 sequences of PRRSV-2 strains. Recombination analysis revealed the occurrence of five recombinant events among the 135 selected PRRSV-2 strains, and that there is a high probability of recombination of lineage 1 strains. The findings of this study enabled us to gain an in-depth understanding of the prevalence of PRRSV in China over the past 25 years and will contribute to providing a theoretical basis for evolution and epidemiology of the spread of PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Qin Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yajie Zheng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Huiyang Sha
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Gan Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Weili Kong
- Gladstone Institutes of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Liangzong Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
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Zhou L, Yu J, Zhou J, Long Y, Xiao L, Fan Y, Yang D, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Liu J. A novel NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 with complex genome recombination is highly pathogenic to piglets. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 112:105436. [PMID: 37094706 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2) first emerged in China in 2017 and has the potential to become the dominant PRRSV strain in China. Here, a novel PRRSV-2, SCcd2020, was isolated from diseased piglets in Sichuan province, southwest China in 2020. The complete viral genome was determined and analyzed. An ORF5-based phylogenetic analysis showed that SCcd2020 clustered with NADC34-like strains, whereas the genome sequence clustered the isolate with NADC30-like viruses and it contains a discontinuous 131-aa deletion in NSP2 when compared to NADC30 strain. Notably, recombination analyses indicated that SCcd2020 is a multiple recombinant virus from NADC30-like, NADC34-like and JXA1-like strains, which is the first description of Chinese domestic HP-PRRSV involving the recombination event of an NADC34-like strain. Importantly, an animal challenge study in 4-week-old piglets showed that SCcd2020 causes high fever and severe hemorrhagic pneumonia with pulmonary consolidation and edema, and it has a high mortality rate (60%), which indicated that SCcd2020 is a highly pathogenic PRRSV strain. The study reports the emergence of a novel highly pathogenic NADC34-like recombinant strain, and it highlights the importance of monitoring newly emerging PRRSV strains in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhou
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jifeng Yu
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Sichuan Boce Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610023, China
| | - Yaoping Long
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yandi Fan
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Danjiao Yang
- Institute of Animal Science of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, Kangding 626000, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Li J, Meng K, Wang Y, Wang Z, Peng J, Ren S, Zhang Y, Guo L, Liu F, Lv T, Jiao J, Liu Y, Chen Z, Sun W, Yang G, Yu J, Wu J. Comparison of the cross-protection of PPRSV sublineage 8.7 MLV vaccines against the recombinant NADC30-like strain. Vet Microbiol 2023; 281:109724. [PMID: 37001388 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused a substantial threat to the swine industry in recent years. However, the protective efficacy of different sublineage 8.7 PRRSV modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines against emerging strains were still obscure. In this study, a broad epidemiological investigation of PRRSV showed the prevalence of NADC30-like strain increased in Shandong Province, China from 2018 to 2020. Through piglet trial for vaccination and challenge with recombinant NADC30-like SDlz1601 strain, CH-1R MLV vaccine showed better protective effect than JXA1-R and TJM-F92 MLV vaccines in terms of clinical score and pathological observation. Moreover, all three MLV vaccines could reduce virus loads in the serum of piglets. This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of the NADC30-like strain and the protective effect of PRRS MLV vaccines against recombinant NADC30-like strains, which could help to improve the prevention and control of PRRSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianda Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Kai Meng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Jun Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sufang Ren
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lihui Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tingting Lv
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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11
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Systematic Identification and Comparison of the Expressed Profiles of Exosomal MiRNAs in Pigs Infected with NADC30-like PRRSV Strain. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050876. [PMID: 36899733 PMCID: PMC10000162 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are biological vesicles secreted and released by cells that act as mediators of intercellular communication and play a unique role in virus infection, antigen presentation, and suppression/promotion of body immunity. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most damaging pathogens in the pig industry and can cause reproductive disorders in sows, respiratory diseases in pigs, reduced growth performance, and other diseases leading to pig mortality. In this study, we used the PRRSV NADC30-like CHsx1401 strain to artificially infect 42-day-old pigs and isolate serum exosomes. Based on high-throughput sequencing technology, 305 miRNAs were identified in serum exosomes before and after infection, among which 33 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between groups (13 relatively upregulated and 20 relatively downregulated). Sequence conservation analysis of the CHsx1401 genome identified 8 conserved regions, of which a total of 16 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were predicted to bind to the conserved region closest to the 3' UTR of the CHsx1401 genome, including 5 DE miRNAs capable of binding to the CHsx1401 3' UTR (ssc-miR-34c, ssc-miR-375, ssc-miR-378, ssc-miR-486, ssc-miR-6529). Further analysis revealed that the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were widely involved in exosomal function-related and innate immunity-related signaling pathways, and 18 DE miRNAs (ssc-miR-4331-3p, ssc-miR-744, ssc-miR-320, ssc-miR-10b, ssc-miR-124a, ssc-miR-128, etc.) associated with PRRSV infection and immunity were screened as potential functional molecules involved in the regulation of PRRSV virus infection by exosomes.
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12
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Development of a Multiplex Crystal Digital RT-PCR for Differential Detection of Classical, Highly Pathogenic, and NADC30-like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040594. [PMID: 36830384 PMCID: PMC9951750 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) type 1 (European genotype) and PRRSV type 2 (North American genotype) are prevalent all over the world. Nowadays, the North American genotype PRRSV (NA-PRRSV) has been widely circulating in China and has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry. In recent years, classical PRRSV (C-PRRSV), highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV), and NADC30-like PRRSV (NL-PRRSV) have been the most common circulating strains in China. In order to accurately differentiate the circulating strains of NA-PRRSV, three pairs of specific primers and corresponding probes were designed for the Nsp2 region of C-PRRSV, HP-PRRSV, and NL-PRRSV. After optimizing the annealing temperature, primer concentration, and probe concentration, a multiplex real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and a multiplex Crystal digital RT-PCR (cdRT-PCR) for the differential detection of C-PRRSV, HP-PRRSV, and NL-PRRSV were developed. The results showed that the two assays illustrated high sensitivity, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.20 × 100 copies/μL for the multiplex qRT-PCR and 3.20 × 10-1 copies/μL for the multiplex cdRT-PCR. Both assays specifically detected the targeted viruses, without cross-reaction with other swine viruses, and indicated excellent repeatability, with coefficients of variation (CVs) of less than 1.26% for the multiplex qRT-PCR and 2.68% for the multiplex cdRT-PCR. Then, a total of 320 clinical samples were used to evaluate the application of these assays, and the positive rates of C-PRRSV, HP-PRRSV, and NL-PRRSV by the multiplex qRT-PCR were 1.88%, 21.56%, and 9.69%, respectively, while the positive rates by the multiplex cdRT-PCR were 2.19%, 25.31%, and 11.56%, respectively. The high sensitivity, strong specificity, excellent repeatability, and reliability of these assays indicate that they could provide useful tools for the simultaneous and differential detection of the circulating strains of C-PRRSV, HP-PRRSV, and NL-PRRSV in the field.
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Molecular Characteristics and Pathogenicity of a Novel Recombinant Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Strain from NADC30-, NADC34-, and JXA1-Like Strains That Emerged in China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0266722. [PMID: 36354339 PMCID: PMC9769985 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02667-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the emergence of a NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which causes a large number of abortions in swine herds, has raised great concern in China. In this study, a PRRSV variant strain, PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021, evolved from recombination between NADC30-like, NADC34-like, and JXA1-like viruses was isolated in Fujian province in 2021, and its pathogenicity in piglets was examined. Animal experiments demonstrated that PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021 infection could induce 100% morbidity and cause higher viremia, a persistently higher fever (>40°C for 14 consecutive days), significant weight loss, and severe histopathological lung lesions compared to the NADC30-like FJZ03 strain and NADC34-like FJ0908 strain in piglets. The PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021 strain displayed higher pathogenicity than the FJZ03 and FJ0908 strains, but lower pathogenicity than the Chinese highly pathogenic (HP)-PRRSVs in piglets. Moreover, the Ingelvac PRRS modified live vaccine (MLV) provides incomplete cross-protection against heterologous PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021 in piglets. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the current epidemic situation of NADC34-like PRRSV in China. IMPORTANCE The pathogenicity of NADC34-like PRRSV has broad variations in virulence. Importantly, NADC34-like PRRSV has undergone complex recombination with local strains since it first emerged in 2017 in China. However, the pathogenicity of the recombinant NADC34-like virus was rarely experimentally evaluated in pigs. In this study, a novel PRRSV strain, PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021, was isolated from sows enduring a high-abortion-rate (20%) period in China in 2021. Notably, phylogenetic and recombination analyses revealed that PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021 is a recombinant virus from NADC30-, NADC34-, and JXA1-like isolates. PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021 was shown to cause higher virus load, persistent fever, significant weight loss, moderate respiratory clinical signs, and severe histopathological lung lesions in piglets. PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021 exhibited higher pathogenicity than NADC30-like FJZ03 and NADC34-like FJ0908, but lower than Chinese HP-PRRSVs for piglets. These data indicated that PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021 has intermediate virulence for piglets. Furthermore, the Ingelvac PRRS MLV could partly provide protective efficacy against PRRSV/CN/FJGD01/2021 challenge in piglets.
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14
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Wu Q, Han Y, Wu X, Wang Y, Su Q, Shen Y, Guan K, Michal JJ, Jiang Z, Liu B, Zhou X. Integrated time-series transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal different inflammatory and adaptive immune responses contributing to host resistance to PRRSV. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960709. [PMID: 36341362 PMCID: PMC9631489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a highly contagious disease that affects the global pig industry. To understand mechanisms of susceptibility/resistance to PRRSV, this study profiled the time-serial white blood cells transcriptomic and serum metabolomic responses to PRRSV in piglets from a crossbred population of PRRSV-resistant Tongcheng pigs and PRRSV-susceptible Large White pigs. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) illustrated that PRRSV infection up-regulated the expression levels of marker genes of dendritic cells, monocytes and neutrophils and inflammatory response, but down-regulated T cells, B cells and NK cells markers. CIBERSORT analysis confirmed the higher T cells proportion in resistant pigs during PRRSV infection. Resistant pigs showed a significantly higher level of T cell activation and lower expression levels of monocyte surface signatures post infection than susceptible pigs, corresponding to more severe suppression of T cell immunity and inflammatory response in susceptible pigs. Differentially expressed genes between resistant/susceptible pigs during the course of infection were significantly enriched in oxidative stress, innate immunity and humoral immunity, cell cycle, biotic stimulated cellular response, wounding response and behavior related pathways. Fourteen of these genes were distributed in 5 different QTL regions associated with PRRSV-related traits. Chemokine CXCL10 levels post PRRSV infection were differentially expressed between resistant pigs and susceptible pigs and can be a promising marker for susceptibility/resistance to PRRSV. Furthermore, the metabolomics dataset indicated differences in amino acid pathways and lipid metabolism between pre-infection/post-infection and resistant/susceptible pigs. The majority of metabolites levels were also down-regulated after PRRSV infection and were significantly positively correlated to the expression levels of marker genes in adaptive immune response. The integration of transcriptome and metabolome revealed concerted molecular events triggered by the infection, notably involving inflammatory response, adaptive immunity and G protein-coupled receptor downstream signaling. This study has increased our knowledge of the immune response differences induced by PRRSV infection and susceptibility differences at the transcriptomic and metabolomic levels, providing the basis for the PRRSV resistance mechanism and effective PRRS control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianmeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuju Su
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaifeng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Jennifer J. Michal
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Bang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province Local Pig Breed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Zhou, ; Bang Liu,
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province Local Pig Breed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Zhou, ; Bang Liu,
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15
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Proctor J, Wolf I, Brodsky D, Cortes LM, Frias-De-Diego A, Almond GW, Crisci E, Negrão Watanabe TT, Hammer JM, Käser T. Heterologous vaccine immunogenicity, efficacy, and immune correlates of protection of a modified-live virus porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:977796. [PMID: 36212883 PMCID: PMC9537733 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.977796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines have been available in North America for almost 30 years, many vaccines face a significant hurdle: they must provide cross-protection against the highly diverse PRRSV strains. This cross-protection, or heterologous vaccine efficacy, relies greatly on the vaccine’s ability to induce a strong immune response against various strains—heterologous immunogenicity. Thus, this study investigated vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity of a modified live virus (MLV) against four heterologous type 2 PRRSV (PRRSV-2) strains. In this study, 60 pigs were divided into 10 groups. Half were MOCK-vaccinated, and the other half vaccinated with the Prevacent® PRRS MLV vaccine. Four weeks after vaccination, groups were challenged with either MOCK, or four PRRSV-2 strains from three different lineages—NC174 or NADC30 (both lineage 1), VR2332 (lineage 5), or NADC20 (lineage 8). Pre-and post-challenge, lung pathology, viral loads in both nasal swabs and sera, anti-PRRSV IgA/G, neutralizing antibodies, and the PRRSV-2 strain-specific T-cell response were evaluated. At necropsy, the lung samples were collected to assess viral loads, macroscopical and histopathological findings, and IgA levels in bronchoalveolar lavage. Lung lesions were only induced by NC174, NADC20, and NADC30; within these, vaccination resulted in lower gross and microscopic lung lesion scores of the NADC20 and NADC30 strains. All pigs became viremic and vaccinated pigs had decreased viremia upon challenge with NADC20, NADC30, and VR2332. Regarding vaccine immunogenicity, vaccination induced a strong systemic IgG response and boosted the post-challenge serum IgG levels for all strains. Furthermore, vaccination increased the number of animals with neutralizing antibodies against three of the four challenge strains—NADC20, NADC30, and VR2332. The heterologous T-cell response was also improved by vaccination: Not only did vaccination increase the induction of heterologous effector/memory CD4 T cells, but it also improved the heterologous CD4 and CD8 proliferative and/or IFN-γ response against all strains. Importantly, correlation analyses revealed that the (non-PRRSV strain-specific) serum IgG levels and the PRRSV strain-specific CD4 T-cell response were the best immune correlates of protection. Overall, the Prevacent elicited various degrees of efficacy and immunogenicity against four heterologous and phylogenetically distant strains of PRRSV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Proctor
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Iman Wolf
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - David Brodsky
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Lizette M. Cortes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Alba Frias-De-Diego
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Glen W. Almond
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Elisa Crisci
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Tatiane Terumi Negrão Watanabe
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | | | - Tobias Käser
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Tobias Käser,
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16
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Wang X, Zhang K, Mo Q, Chen G, Lv J, Huang J, Pang Y, Wang H, Liu W, Huang K, Min X, Ren T, Ouyang K, Chen Y, Huang W, Wei Z. The Emergence and Pathogenesis of Recombinant Viruses Associated with NADC34-like Strains and the Predominant Circulating Strains of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Southern China. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081695. [PMID: 36016319 PMCID: PMC9416154 DOI: 10.3390/v14081695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its recent appearance in China, the NADC30-like strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2) have caused an expanding epidemic, and this has further expanded the genetic diversity of PRRSV. In this study, three NADC30-like strains—GXFCG20210401, GXQZ20210403 and GXNN20210506—were isolated from pig serum samples obtained in Guangxi, and their genomes were sequenced. A comparative analysis of the whole genomes showed that the three strains were most similar to NADC30 (88.3–88.7%). In particular, the non-structural protein coding regions (nsp1, nsp4-5, nsp7-8 and nsp9) showed the highest similarities to JXA1, and the ORF2a-ORF5 regions showed the highest similarities to NADC34. The three strains had same discontinuous deletions of 111+1+19 amino acids in the nsp2 region, which were similar to the NADC30-like strains. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the ORF5 gene showed that the three PRRSV isolates were divided into lineage 1.5 along with the representative NADC34-like strains, but they were classified as NADC30-like strains with respect to the whole genome and nsp2 evolutionary trees. Recombinant analysis revealed complex recombination patterns in the genomes of the three strains, which likely originated from multiple recombination events among JXA1-like, NADC30-like and NADC34-like strains. The results from animal experiments showed that the GXQZ20210403 strain was 20% lethal to piglets and caused more severe clinical reactions than GXFCG20210401, and both recombinant strains were similar in terms of pathogenicity to the previously reported NADC34 strains. This study demonstrates that NADC34-like strains of PRRSV have been circulating in the southern provinces of China and have exchanged genomes with several other indigenous strains. In addition, differences in recombination patterns may cause different clinical pathogenicity and indicate the importance of the surveillance and preventive control of recombinant strains.
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Liu J, Lai L, Xu Y, Yang Y, Li J, Liu C, Hunag C, Wei C. Evolutionary Analysis of Four Recombinant Viruses of the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus From a Pig Farm in China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:933896. [PMID: 35812888 PMCID: PMC9270021 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.933896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important pathogens causing substantial economic losses to the Chinese swine industry. In this study, we analyzed the complete genome sequences of four PRRSV isolates (PRRSV2/CN/SS0/2020, PRRSV2/CN/SS1/2021, PRRSV2/CN/L3/2021, and PRRSV2/CN/L4/2020) isolated from a single pig farm from 2020 to 2021. The genomes of the four isolates were 14,962–15,023 nt long, excluding the poly (A) tails. Comparative analysis of the genome sequences showed that the four isolates shared 93.2–98.1% homology and they had no close PRRSV relatives registered in the GenBank (<92%). Furthermore, PRRSV2/CN/SS0/2020 and PRRSV2/CN/SS1/2021 had characteristic 150-aa deletions (aa481+aa537-566 +aa628–747) that were identical to the live attenuated virus vaccine strain TJM-F92 (derived from the HP-PRRSV TJ). Further analysis of the full-length sequences suggests that the four isolates were natural recombinant strains between lineages 1 (NADC30-like), 3 (QYYZ-like), and 8.7 (JXA1-like). Animal experiments revealed discrepancies in virulence between PRRSV2/CN/SS0/2020 and PRRSV2/CN/L3/2021. The strain with high homology to HP-PRRSV demonstrates higher pathogenicity for pigs than the other isolate with low homology to HP-PRRSV. Taken together, our findings suggest that PRRSVs have undergone genome evolution by recombination among field strains/MLV-like strains of different lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province University, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiankui Liu
| | - Liling Lai
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Ye Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Chen Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cuiqin Hunag
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province University, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province University, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Chunhua Wei
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18
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Xu Y, Ji X, Fu C, Hu D, Pang H, Wang T, Li C, Wang G, Peng J. Evolution Characterization and Pathogenicity of a Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolate from a Pig Farm in Shandong Province, China. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061194. [PMID: 35746666 PMCID: PMC9228802 DOI: 10.3390/v14061194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains have been experiencing extensive recombination in Chinese swine farms. This recombination usually happens in NADC30/34 strains and highly pathogenic (HP) PRRSV strains. This study identified a new PRRSV isolate that shared 99% and 99.1% nucleotide identity with CH-1a and CH-1R at the genomic level, respectively. After purification by viral plaque assay, this isolate was named PRRSV CSR1801. The isolate did not experience any recombination with other PRRSV strains common in swine herd epidemics in China, which means it still maintains the stable features of the classical PRRSV strain and did not easily recombine with other PRRSV strains. Further analysis of the pathogenicity of the PRRSV isolate CSR1801 was performed in piglets. The results indicated that none of the inoculated piglets showed the typical clinical manifestations of PRRS, which presented with runny noses, rough back hair, rectal temperatures always below 40.5 °C, and no deaths. Additionally, no obvious histopathological lesions such as severe interstitial pneumonia could be observed in the lungs of the piglets. Hence, the PRRSV isolate CSR1801 should be classified as a classical-like PRRSV strain. This classical PRRSV strain showed genetic stability and maintained low pathogenicity. This study may provide new clues for further understanding the genetic evolution and pathogenicity of PRRSV and may also be an important reference for the prevention and control of PRRS in swine farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.F.); (D.H.); (H.P.); (T.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Xiaojing Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.F.); (D.H.); (H.P.); (T.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Chunyu Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.F.); (D.H.); (H.P.); (T.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Dong Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.F.); (D.H.); (H.P.); (T.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Heng Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.F.); (D.H.); (H.P.); (T.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.F.); (D.H.); (H.P.); (T.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Chuangang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.F.); (D.H.); (H.P.); (T.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.F.); (D.H.); (H.P.); (T.W.); (C.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention of China, East China Scientific Experimental Station of Animal Pathogen Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Tai’an 271000, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (J.P.); Tel./Fax: +86-538-824-2478 (G.W. & J.P.)
| | - Jun Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China; (Y.X.); (X.J.); (C.F.); (D.H.); (H.P.); (T.W.); (C.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention of China, East China Scientific Experimental Station of Animal Pathogen Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Tai’an 271000, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (J.P.); Tel./Fax: +86-538-824-2478 (G.W. & J.P.)
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19
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Li Y, Ren C, Li C, Xiao Y, Zhou Y. A Recombinant Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Stably Expressing a Gaussia Luciferase for Antiviral Drug Screening Assay and Luciferase-Based Neutralization Assay. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:907281. [PMID: 35633700 PMCID: PMC9136234 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.907281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The reverse genetics system is a valuable tool in the virological study of RNA viruses. With the availability of reverse genetics, the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been utilized as a viral vector for the expression of foreign genes of interest. Here, we constructed a full-length cDNA clone of a highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) TA-12 strain. Using this cDNA clone, we generated a reporter virus expressing a gaussia luciferase (Gluc) via an additional subgenomic RNA between ORF7 and 3′UTR. This reporter virus exhibited similar growth kinetics to the wild-type (WT) virus and remained genetically stable for at least ten passages in MARC-145 cells. In cells infected with this reporter virus, the correlation between the expression levels of Gluc in culture media and the virus titers suggested that Gluc is a good indicator of the reporter virus infection. With this reporter virus, we further established the Gluc readout-based assays for antiviral drug screening and serum neutralizing antibody detection that exhibited comparable performance to the classical assays. Taken together, we established a reverse genetics system of HP-PRRSV and generated a novel reporter virus that could serve as a valuable tool for antiviral drug screening and serum neutralizing antibody detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhua Li,
| | - Cicheng Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yanyang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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20
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Lineage 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Attenuated Live Vaccine Provides Broad Cross-Protection against Homologous and Heterologous NADC30-Like Virus Challenge in Piglets. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050752. [PMID: 35632508 PMCID: PMC9146329 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important pathogen that endangers the swine industry worldwide. Recently, lineage 1 PRRSVs, especially NADC30-like PRRSVs, have become the major endemic strains in many pig-breeding countries. Since 2016, NADC30-like PRRSV has become the predominant strain in China. Unfortunately, current commercial vaccines cannot provide sufficient protection against this strain. Here, an attenuated lineage 1 PRRSV strain, named SD-R, was obtained by passaging an NADC30-like PRRSV strain SD in Marc-145 cells for 125 passages. Four-week-old PRRSV-free piglets were vaccinated intramuscularly with 105.0TCID50 SD-R and then challenged intramuscularly (2 mL) and intranasally (2 mL) with homologous NADC30-like PRRSV SD (1 × 105.0TCID50/mL) and heterologous NADC30-like PRRSV HLJWK108-1711 (1 × 105.0TCID50/mL). The results showed that antibodies against specific PRRSVs in 5 of 5 immunized piglets were positive after a 14-day post-vaccination and did not develop fever or clinical diseases after NADC30-like PRRSV challenges. Additionally, compared with challenge control piglets, vaccinated piglets gained significantly more weight and showed much milder pathological lesions. Furthermore, the viral replication levels of the immunized group were significantly lower than those of the challenge control group. These results demonstrate that lineage 1 PRRSV SD-R is a good candidate for an efficacious vaccine, providing complete clinical protection for piglets against NADC30-like PRRSVs.
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21
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Cao Z, Chen J, Li L, Liu J, Tong W, Zhou Y, Tong G, Wang G, Gao F. A rescued NADC30-like virus by reverse genetic manipulation exhibits moderate virulence and a promising application perspective. Virus Res 2022; 316:198801. [PMID: 35550390 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which is highly homologous to the NADC30 strain isolated in the United States. The NADC30-like PRRSV was first reported in 2014 in China, where it spread and gradually caused an epidemic. Currently, growing research has shown that NADC30-like strains have greater propensity to recombine with other PRRSV strains, particularly the PPRSV vaccine virus used clinically, making the prevention and control of PRRSV highly complex. To carry out an in-depth molecular biology and virulence analysis, a full-length infectious clone of the NADC30-like strain was successfully constructed and rescued by reverse genetic manipulation. The rescued virus, rZJqz, was indistinguishable from its parental virus, ZJqz21, based on virological characteristics. Further animal experiments demonstrated that rZJqz retained similar pathogenicity and induced the typical clinical symptoms and viral shedding observed in the ZJqz21 challenge model. Together, these results provide a useful tool for further study of the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of NADC30-like strains. Moreover, these findings also provide a solid foundation for studying the recombination of different PRRSVs and developing new and effective universal vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengda Cao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China; Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jinxia Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Liwei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiachen Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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22
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Li J, Li S, Qiu M, Li X, Li C, Feng B, Lin H, Zheng W, Zhu J, Chen N. Minor and major envelope proteins of PRRSV play synergistic roles in inducing heterologous neutralizing antibodies and conferring cross protection. Virus Res 2022; 315:198789. [PMID: 35487365 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates is a major obstacle for the development of effective PRRS vaccines. A chimeric highly pathogenic PRRSV2 (HP-PRRSV2) strain containing the consensus sequence of ORF2-6 genes was constructed in our previous study, which could induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and confer satisfied cross protection against virulent NADC30-like isolate. To further elucidate the roles of minor and major envelope proteins encoded by ORF2-4 and ORF5-6 genes in conferring cross protection, two chimeric HP-PRRSV2 strains (rJS-ORF2-4-CON and rJS-ORF5-6-CON) containing consensus sequences of ORF2-4 or ORF5-6 were constructed and rescued in this study. The rJS-ORF5-6-CON strain has similar replication efficiency as the backbone HP-PRRSV2 rJSTZ1712-12 virus, while rJS-ORF2-4-CON has significantly lower in vitro and in vivo replication efficiency comparing to rJS-ORF5-6-CON. Animal inoculation indicated that both rJS-ORF2-4-CON and rJS-ORF5-6-CON did not cause obvious clinical signs in piglets and could induce heterologous nAbs after immunization. Challenge with a virulent heterologous NADC30-like SD17-38 isolate showed that even though both immunized groups presented lower viremia, faster virus elimination, less fever and alleviated lung gross lesions when compared with the only challenged pigs, rJS-ORF2-4-CON and rJS-ORF5-6-CON could not confer enough cross protection. Considering the bnAbs and satisfied cross protection induced by the chimeric virus containing ORF2-6 consensus sequence, our results support that minor and major envelope proteins play synergistic roles in inducing broader nAbs and conferring better cross protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Shubin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Ming Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xinshuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Binghui Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Wanglong Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratories of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratories of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Nanhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratories of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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23
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Jiang D, Zhang L, Zhu G, Zhang P, Wu X, Yao X, Luo Y, Yang Z, Ren M, Wang X, Chen S, Wang Y. The Antiviral Effect of Isatis Root Polysaccharide against NADC30-like PRRSV by Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073688. [PMID: 35409050 PMCID: PMC8998840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In recent years, the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has become a virulent pathogen that has caused devastating diseases and economic losses worldwide in the swine industry. IRPS has attracted extensive attention in the field of virology. However, it is not clear that IRPS has an antiviral effect on PRRSV at gene and protein levels. (2) Methods: We used transcriptomic and proteomic analysis to investigate the antiviral effect of IRPS against PRRSV. Additionally, a microbiome was used to explore the effects of IRPS on gut microbes. (3) Results: IRPS significantly extenuated the pulmonary pathological lesions and inflammatory response. We used transcriptomic and proteomic analysis to investigate the antiviral effect of IRPS against PRRSV. In the porcine model, 1669 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 370 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Analysis of the DEG/DEP-related pathways indicated immune-system and infectious-disease (viral) pathways, such as the NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway, toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, and Influenza A-associated signaling pathways. It is noteworthy that IRPS can inhibit NLR-dependent gene expression, then reduce the inflammatory damage. IRPS could exert beneficial effects on the host by regulating the structure of intestinal flora. (4) Conclusions: The antiviral effect of IRPS on PRRSV can be directly achieved by omics techniques. Specifically, the antiviral mechanism of IPRS can be better elucidated by screening target genes and proteins using transcriptome and proteome sequencing, and then performing enrichment and classification according to DEGs and DEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dike Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.J.); (G.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (M.R.)
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Guangheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.J.); (G.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (M.R.)
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.J.); (G.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (M.R.)
| | - Xulong Wu
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Xueping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.J.); (G.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (M.R.)
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.J.); (G.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (M.R.)
| | - Zexiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.J.); (G.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (M.R.)
| | - Meishen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.J.); (G.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (M.R.)
| | - Xinping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.J.); (G.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (Y.W.)
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24
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Zhao J, Zhu L, Xu L, Li F, Deng H, Huang Y, Gu S, Sun X, Zhou Y, Xu Z. The Construction and Immunogenicity Analyses of Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus With NADC30-Like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus-Like Particles Co-expression. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:846079. [PMID: 35308386 PMCID: PMC8924499 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.846079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and pseudorabies (PR) are highly infectious swine diseases and cause significant financial loss in China. The respiratory system and reproductive system are the main target systems. Previous studies showed that the existing PR virus (PRV) and PRRS virus (PRRSV) commercial vaccines could not provide complete protection against PRV variant strains and NADC30-like PRRSV strains in China. In this study, the PRV variant strain XJ and NADC30-like PRRSV strain CHSCDJY-2019 are used as the parent for constructing a recombinant pseudorabies virus (rPRV)-NC56 with gE/gI/TK gene deletion and co-expressing NADC30-like PRRSV GP5 and M protein. The rPRV-NC56 proliferated stably in BHK-21 cells, and it could stably express GP5 and M protein. Due to the introduction of the self-cleaving 2A peptide, GP5 and M protein were able to express independently and form virus-like particles (VLPs) of PRRSV in rPRV-NC56-infected BHK-21 cells. The rPRV-NC56 is safe for use in mice; it can colonize and express the target protein in mouse lungs for a long time. Vaccination with rPRV-NC56 induces PRV and NADC30-like PRRSV specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, and protects 100% of mice from virulent PRV XJ strain. Furthermore, the virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) elicited by rPRV-NC56 showed significantly lower titer against SCNJ-2016 (HP-PRRSV) than that against CHSCDJY-2019 (NADC30-like PRRSV). Thus, rPRV-NC56 appears to be a promising candidate vaccine against NADC30-like PRRSV and PRV for the control and eradication of the variant PRV and NADC30-like PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengqing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sirui Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianggang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuancheng Zhou
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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25
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AMP-activated kinase regulates porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in vitro. Virus Genes 2022; 58:133-142. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Ma X, Wang P, Zhang R, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Luo C, Zeshan B, Yang Z, Qiu L, Zhou Y, Wang X. A NADC30-like PRRSV Causes Serious Intestinal Infections and Tropism in Piglets. Vet Microbiol 2022; 268:109397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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27
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Li C, Liu Z, Chen K, Qian J, Hu Y, Fang S, Sun Z, Zhang C, Huang L, Zhang J, Huang N. Efficacy of the Synergy Between Live-Attenuated and Inactivated PRRSV Vaccines Against a NADC30-Like Strain of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in 4-Week Piglets. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:812040. [PMID: 35187144 PMCID: PMC8847452 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.812040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The NADC30-like strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a novel strain responsible for substantial economic losses to swine production in China. This study evaluated the cross-protective efficacy of the synergy between live-attenuated and inactivated PRRSV vaccines compared with a single vaccination with PRRS modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine against challenge with NADC30-like strain, v2016/ZJ/09-03. A total of 45 PRRSV free pigs were randomly divided into five groups: (1) strict control (SC); (2) positive control (PC); (3) single MLV dose (M1); (4) primed intramuscularly with MLV and boosted with killed vaccine 3 weeks later (MK1); and (5) intramuscular prime MLV boosted subcutaneously with killed vaccine B 3 weeks later (MK2). Serological tests in MK groups revealed no differences in both anti-N and anti-GP protein antibodies compared with M1 group, and failed to provide further protection against clinical signs, virus shedding, and gross lesions. However, the viremic titer, gross lung lesions, and average daily weight gain were significantly improved in the MLV vaccinated groups, suggesting that MLV provides substantial cross-protection against the NADC30-like virus. Thus, as a booster, the killed vaccine confers minimal additional protection in NADC30-like infected piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosi Li
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for LingNan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Qian
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Hu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhe Fang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Asian Veterinary Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for LingNan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lv Huang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for LingNan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianfeng Zhang
| | - Nian Huang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
- Nian Huang
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28
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Yu Y, Zhang Q, Cao Z, Tang YD, Xia D, Wang G, Shan H. Recent Advances in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus NADC30-Like Research in China: Molecular Characterization, Pathogenicity, and Control. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:791313. [PMID: 35087492 PMCID: PMC8787316 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.791313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The name porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) NADC30-like was first coined in 2015. It originated from the NADC30 strain that was introduced into China by importing breeding pigs and has since undergone mutations or recombination, resulting in variant viruses. Following widespread outbreaks in China in recent years, these NADC30-like strains have presented major health challenges in swine production systems. Outcomes induced by PRRSV NADC30-like infection are highly variable, ranging from inapparent to severe, depending on the recombination between NADC30 and field PRRSV strains prevalent in swine farms. Vaccines and strict biosecurity measures have been explored to fight this disease; however, current PRRSV commercially modified-live virus vaccines (MLVs) have the potential to revert to virulence and only provide limited or no cross-protection efficacy against NADC30-like strains. PRRSVs will remain an ongoing challenge to the swine industry until safe and effective vaccines or antiviral reagents are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiaoya Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Dasong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Hu Shan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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29
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Li L, Chen J, Cao Z, Cao Y, Guo Z, Tong W, Zhou Y, Li G, Jiang Y, Liu C, Yu L, Qiao S, Liu J, Tong G, Gao F. Recombinant Bivalent Live Vectored Vaccine Against Classical Swine Fever and HP-PRRS Revealed Adequate Heterogeneous Protection Against NADC30-Like Strain. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:822749. [PMID: 35069517 PMCID: PMC8767063 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.822749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recombinant bivalent live vectored vaccine rPRRSV-E2 has been proved to be a favorable genetic engineering vaccine against classical swine fever (CSF) and highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (HP-PRRS). NADC30-like strains have recently emerged in China and caused severe disease, and it is necessary to evaluate the vaccine candidate for the currently circulating viruses. This study established a good challenge model to evaluate the candidate rPRRSV-E2 vaccine in preventing infection with a representative NADC30-like strain (ZJqz21). It was shown that the challenge control piglets displayed clinical signs typical of PRRSV, including a persistent fever, dyspnea, moderate interstitial pneumonia, lymph node congestion, and viremia. In contrast, the rPRRSV-E2 vaccination significantly alleviated the clinical signs, yielded a high level of antibodies, provided adequate protection against challenge with ZJqz21, and inhibited viral shedding and the viral load in target tissues. Our results demonstrated that the recombinant bivalent live vectored vaccine strain rPRRSV-E2 can provide efficient protection against the challenge of heterologous circulating NADC30-like strain and could be a promising vaccine candidate for the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinxia Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengda Cao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunlei Cao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqiang Guo
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changlong Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lingxue Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sina Qiao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiachen Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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30
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The Novel PRRSV Strain HBap4-2018 with a Unique Recombinant Pattern Is Highly Pathogenic to Piglets. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1611-1625. [PMID: 34635987 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, various porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) variants emerged worldwide with different genetic characteristics and pathogenicity, increasing the difficulty of PRRS control. In this study, a PRRSV strain named HBap4-2018 was isolated from swine herds suffering severe respiratory disease with high morbidity in Hebei Province of China in 2018. The genome of HBap4-2018 is 15,003 nucleotides in length, and compared with NADC30-like PRRSV, nsp2 of HBap4-2018 has an additional continuous deletion of five amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome and ORF5 showed that HBap4-2018 belonged to lineage 8 of PRRSV-2, which was characterized by highly variable genome. However, HBap4-2018 was classified into lineage 1 based on phylogenetic analysis of nsp2, sharing higher amino acid homology (85.3%-85.5%) with NADC30-like PRRSV. Further analysis suggested that HBap4-2018 was a novel natural recombinant PRRSV with three recombinant fragments in the genome, of which highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) served as the major parental strains, while NADC30-like PRRSV served as the minor parental strains. Five recombination break points were identified in nsp2, nsp3, nsp5, nsp9 and ORF6, respectively, presenting a novel recombinant pattern in the genome. Piglets inoculated with HBap4-2018 presented typical clinical signs with a mortality rate of 60%. High levels of viremia and obvious macroscopic and histopathological lesions in the lungs were observed, revealing the high pathogenicity of HBap4-2018 in piglets.
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31
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Evolutionary Patterns of Codon Usage in Major Lineages of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in China. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061044. [PMID: 34072978 PMCID: PMC8228872 DOI: 10.3390/v13061044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is economically important and characterized by its extensive variation. The codon usage patterns and their influence on viral evolution and host adaptation among different PRRSV strains remain largely unknown. Here, the codon usage of ORF5 genes from lineages 1, 3, 5, and 8, and MLV strains of type 2 PRRSV in China was analyzed. A compositional property analysis of ORF5 genes revealed that nucleotide C is most frequently used at the third position of codons, accompanied by rich GC3s. The effective number of codon (ENC) and codon pair bias (CPB) values indicate that all ORF5 genes have low codon bias and the differences in CPB scores among four lineages are almost not significant. When compared with host codon usage patterns, lineage 1 strains show higher CAI and SiD values, with a high similarity to pig, which might relate to its predominant epidemic propensity in the field. The CAI, RCDI, and SiD values of ORF5 genes from different passages of MLV JXA1R indicate no relation between attenuation and CPB or codon adaptation decrease during serial passage on non-host cells. These findings provide a novel way of understanding the PRRSV's evolution, related to viral survival, host adaptation, and virulence.
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32
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Chen N, Li S, Tian Y, Li X, Li S, Li J, Qiu M, Sun Z, Xiao Y, Yan X, Lin H, Yu X, Tian K, Shang S, Zhu J. Chimeric HP-PRRSV2 containing an ORF2-6 consensus sequence induces antibodies with broadly neutralizing activity and confers cross protection against virulent NADC30-like isolate. Vet Res 2021; 52:74. [PMID: 34044890 PMCID: PMC8161975 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the substantial genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), commercial PRRS vaccines fail to provide sufficient cross protection. Previous studies have confirmed the existence of PRRSV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). However, bnAbs are rarely induced by either natural infection or vaccination. In this study, we designed and synthesized a consensus sequence of PRRSV2 ORF2-6 genes (ORF2-6-CON) encoding all envelope proteins based on 30 representative Chinese PRRSV isolates. The ORF2-6-CON sequence shared > 90% nucleotide identities to all four lineages of PRRSV2 isolates in China. A chimeric virus (rJS-ORF2-6-CON) containing the ORF2-6-CON was generated using the avirulent HP-PRRSV2 JSTZ1712-12 infectious clone as a backbone. The rJS-ORF2-6-CON has similar replication efficiency as the backbone virus in vitro. Furthermore, pig inoculation and challenge studies showed that rJS-ORF2-6-CON is not pathogenic to piglets and confers better cross protection against the virulent NADC30-like isolate than a commercial HP-PRRS modified live virus (MLV) vaccine. Noticeably, the rJS-ORF2-6-CON strain could induce bnAbs while the MLV strain only induced homologous nAbs. In addition, the lineages of VDJ repertoires potentially associated with distinct nAbs were also characterized. Overall, our results demonstrate that rJS-ORF2-6-CON is a promising candidate for the development of a PRRS genetic engineered vaccine conferring cross protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Shubin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfei Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinshuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jixiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
| | - Yanzhao Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xilin Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuling Yu
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
| | - Kegong Tian
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
| | - Shaobin Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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33
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Zhou L, Ge X, Yang H. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Modified Live Virus Vaccine: A "Leaky" Vaccine with Debatable Efficacy and Safety. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040362. [PMID: 33918580 PMCID: PMC8069561 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV) is one of the most economically important diseases, that has significantly impacted the global pork industry for over three decades, since it was first recognized in the United States in the late 1980s. Attributed to the PRRSV extensive genetic and antigenic variation and rapid mutability and evolution, nearly worldwide epidemics have been sustained by a set of emerging and re-emerging virus strains. Since the first modified live virus (MLV) vaccine was commercially available, it has been widely used for more than 20 years, for preventing and controlling PRRS. On the one hand, MLV can induce a protective immune response against homologous viruses by lightening the clinical signs of pigs and reducing the virus transmission in the affected herd, as well as helping to cost-effectively increase the production performance on pig farms affected by heterologous viruses. On the other hand, MLV can still replicate in the host, inducing viremia and virus shedding, and it fails to confer sterilizing immunity against PRRSV infection, that may accelerate viral mutation or recombination to adapt the host and to escape from the immune response, raising the risk of reversion to virulence. The unsatisfied heterologous cross-protection and safety issue of MLV are two debatable characterizations, which raise the concerns that whether it is necessary or valuable to use this leaky vaccine to protect the field viruses with a high probability of being heterologous. To provide better insights into the immune protection and safety related to MLV, recent advances and opinions on PRRSV attenuation, protection efficacy, immunosuppression, recombination, and reversion to virulence are reviewed here, hoping to give a more comprehensive recognition on MLV and to motivate scientific inspiration on novel strategies and approaches of developing the next generation of PRRS vaccine.
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Zhou X, Ge X, Zhang Y, Han J, Guo X, Chen Y, Zhou L, Yang H. Attenuation of porcine deltacoronavirus disease severity by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus coinfection in a weaning pig model. Virulence 2021; 12:1011-1021. [PMID: 33797313 PMCID: PMC8023240 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1908742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a potentially emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes severe diarrhea in young pigs, with a risk of fatal dehydration. Its pathogenicity on neonatal piglet has been previously reported, however, it is less known if the coinfection with immunosuppressive pathogens can influence PDCoV disease manifestation. Here, a coinfection model of PDCoV and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a global-spread immunosuppressive virus, was set to study their interaction. Weaning pigs in the coinfection group were intranasally inoculated with PRRSV NADC30-like virus and latterly orally inoculated with PDCoV at three day-post-inoculation (DPI). Unexpectedly, compared with pigs in the PDCoV single-infected group, the coinfected pigs did not show any obvious diarrhea, as PDCoV fecal shedding, average daily weight gain (ADWG), gross and microscopic lesions and PDCoV IHC scores consistently indicated that PRRSV coinfection lessened PDCoV caused diarrhea. Additionally, three proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6, which can be secreted by PRRSV infected macrophages, were detected to be highly expressed at the intestine from both PRRSV infected groups. By adding to PDCoV-infected cells, these three cytokines were further confirmed to be able to inhibit the PDCoV replication post its cellular entry. Meanwhile, the inhibition effect of the supernatant from PRRSV-infected PAMs could be obviously blocked by the antagonist of these three cytokines. In conclusion, PRRSV coinfection increased TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 in the microenvironment of intestines, which inhibits the PDCoV proliferation, leading to lessened severity of diarrhea. The findings provide some new insight into the pathogenesis and replication regulation of PDCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xinna Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yongning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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35
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Genomic characteristics and pathogenicity of a new recombinant strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Arch Virol 2021; 166:389-402. [PMID: 33385245 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recombination is an important phenomenon that accelerates evolution and enriches the genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Recombinant PRRSV isolates sometimes have different genetic backgrounds. In this study, we report a recombinant PRRSV (SD-YL1712) isolated from a pig farm. The genome of SD-YL1712 is 15,014 nucleotides in length, and its nucleotide and amino acid sequence conservation is higher than that of PRRSV strain JXA1 except within the NSP2 region. The NSP2 region of SDYL1712 shares the highest nucleotide (85.9%) and amino acid (84.1%) sequence identity with PRRSV strain NADC30. SD-YL1712 was found to contain a characteristic 131-amino-acid deletion in the NSP2 region. Two recombination breakpoints were detected at nt 2134 and nt 3958 within the NSP2 region, which revealed that SD-YL1712 originated from a recombination event between NADC30-like and HP-PRRSV-derived MLV-like strains. Interestingly, SD-YL1712 had an additional deletion at position 586, similar to that found in strain TJnh1501. Moreover, the pathogenicity of strain SD-YL1712 was found to be similar to that of HP-PRRSV JXA1, which was higher than that of the CH1a strain. Further analysis indicated that SD-YL1712 might be a transitional intermediate in the evolution of TJbd1401 to TJnh1501.
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Chen N, Li X, Xiao Y, Li S, Zhu J. Characterization of four types of MLV-derived porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses isolated in unvaccinated pigs from 2016 to 2020. Res Vet Sci 2020; 134:102-111. [PMID: 33360570 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Modified live vaccines (MLVs) have been utilized to combat porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which raises a serious concern about the MLV-derived PRRS virus (PRRSV) isolates. During the routine investigation of PRRSV in China, four lung samples collected from unvaccinated diseased pigs from 2016 to 2020 were detected as PRRSV positive. The PRRSVs shared high ORF5 identities to CH-1R, JXA1-R, TJM-F92 and RespPRRS MLV vaccines, respectively. The viruses were isolated in Marc-145 cells and denominated as SD1612-1, JS1703-21, JSTZ1907-714 and JSYC20-05-1. Genome comparison confirmed that these isolates share the highest genomic homologies to CH-1R (97.96%), JXA1-R (99.64%), TJM-F92 (99.00%) and RespPRRS MLV (99.57%) than any other known isolates. Genome-based phylogenetic analysis showed that SD1612-1 and CH-1R, JS1703-21 and JXA1-R, JSTZ1907-714 and TJM-F92, JSYC20-05-1 and RespPRRS MLV were grouped in the same branches. In addition, amino acids unique to corresponding vaccine attenuations were also identified in our isolates. Noticeably, amino-acids potentially associated with the virulence revision from MLV strains to parental virulent viruses were also identified in the MLV-derived isolates. Our results confirm that the four types of MLV-derived isolates are circulating and evolving in Chinese swine herds for years, which highlights the necessity for the fair use of PRRS MLVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Xinshuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Yanzhao Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Shubin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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Zhao J, Zhu L, Huang J, Yang Z, Xu L, Gu S, Huang Y, Zhang R, Sun X, Zhou Y, Xu Z. Genetic characterization of a novel recombined porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 among Nadc30-like, Jxa1-like and TJ-like strains. Vet Med Sci 2020; 7:697-704. [PMID: 33277984 PMCID: PMC8136965 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most economically devastating viral diseases in the global pig industry, including China. Recently, we successfully isolated a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from lung tissue and peripheral blood of piglets at a farm from Dujiangyan in Sichuan, China, and named it the DJY-19 strain. The full-length genome sequence of DJY-19 shared 86.8%-94.1% nucleotide similarity with NADC30-like and NADC30 PRRSV strains. We compared the open reading frame (ORF) 5 gene of DJY-19 with 34 PRRSV strains from Genbank. Phylogenetic analysis showed that DJY-19 clustered with NADC30 strains, characterized by a predicted 131-amino-acid deletion in the nonstructural protein (NSP) 2. The results of homology analysis showed that the homology between DJY-19 and NADC30 (JN654459.1) strains was the highest (95.9%), whereas homology with other domestic strains was lower (80.9%-92.6%). Furthermore, we identified four recombination breakpoints in the DJY-19 genome; they separated the DJY-19 genome into four regions. The 8106-9128 nucleotide (nt) region of DIY-19 was highly similar to the TJ strain, and the 12106-12580 nt region of DIY-19 was highly similar to the JXA1-R strain. Our findings demonstrate that DJY-19 arose from the recombination of North America NADC30 strain and TJ strain and JXA1-R in China. The application of multiple attenuated vaccine strains has led to complex recombination of PRRSV strains in China. This study provides a theoretical basis for making a more reasonable PRRS virus control and prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianbo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sirui Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rubo Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuancheng Zhou
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Liu J, Xu Y, Lin Z, Fan J, Dai A, Deng X, Mao W, Huang X, Yang X, Wei C. Epidemiology investigation of PRRSV discharged by faecal and genetic variation of ORF5. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:2334-2344. [PMID: 33113239 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To obtain more information of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) transmission via faeces in/between farms, 360 swine faecal samples were randomly collected from different farms in China from 2017 to 2019. Sixty-two ORF5 genes were amplified by PCR from 120 positive samples identified by real-time RT-PCR and further characterized by sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ORF5 gene revealed that these strains can be divided into four lineages: lineage 1 (NADC30-like), lineage 3 (QYYZ-like), lineage 5.1 (VR2332-like) and lineage 8.7 (JXA1-like), with 62.9% (39/62) NADC30-like virus, 21% (13/62) QYYZ-like virus, 1.6% (1/62) VR2332-like virus and 14.5% (9/62) for JAX1-like virus. In particular, 14 PRRSVs including lineage 1, 5.1 and 8.7 can be isolated from 120 positive faecal samples, which further suggests that faecal transmission may be an important factor in the spread of PRRSV in farms. Full-length genome sequencing analysis showed that 14 isolates share 83.1%-97.7% homology with each other and 82.3%-96.1% identity with NADC30, 83.2%-99.7% with VR2332, 79.6%-87.2% with QYYZ and 82.6%-98.9% with JXA1 and CH-1a, and only 60.1%-60.7% with LV. Recombination events were observed in the six out of 14 strains. Collectively, the data of this study are useful for understanding the spread of PRRSV via faeces. Additionally, the virus was isolated from positive faecal samples, suggesting that faecal transmission may be an important factor in the spread of PRRSV in farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, China
| | - Ye Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China.,College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China.,College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jialin Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, China
| | - Ailing Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, China
| | - Xiaoying Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, China
| | - Wan Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, China
| | - Xiaozi Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, China
| | - Chunhua Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, China
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Chai W, Liu Z, Sun Z, Su L, Zhang C, Huang L. Efficacy of two porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines against heterologous NADC30-like PRRS virus challenge. Vet Microbiol 2020; 248:108805. [PMID: 32828938 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of novel and variant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains has made controlling this disease a challenge in China. Several NADC30-like PRRSV outbreaks have occurred in mainland China since 2013. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cross-protection efficacy of two commercial PRRS modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines, derived from classical PRRSV (VR2332) and highly pathogenic (HP) PRRSV (TJM-F92), against an increasingly circulating NADC30-like lineage in pigs. Thirty-five PRRSV- and antibody-free pigs were randomly divided into the following four groups: strict control (SC), negative control (NC), Boehringer control (BC), and Zoetis control (ZC) groups. The NADC30-like PRRSV used in this study caused fever, clinical respiratory signs, and gross and microscopic lung lesions in inoculated pigs in the NC group. Vaccination with the VR2332 vaccine significantly reduced the percentage of viremic pigs as well as gross lung lesions and improved average daily weight gain compared to the ZC and NC groups, suggesting that this MLV vaccine provides cross-protection against the NADC30-like virus. There were no significant differences in the efficacy of the two MLV vaccines based on clinical scores, immunological responses, or pathological outcomes. This study demonstrated that VR2332 MLV was effective against circulating NADC30-like PRRSV and could be used to control NADC30-like virus infections in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Chai
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Asian Veterinary Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Liangke Su
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lv Huang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200040, China.
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40
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Sun YK, Chen YJ, Cai Y, Li Q, Xie JX, Liang G, Gao Q, Yu ZQ, Lu G, Huang LZ, Ma CQ, Gong L, Wang H, Shi M, Zhang GH. Insights into the evolutionary history and epidemiological characteristics of the emerging lineage 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2630-2641. [PMID: 32386249 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The newly emerged lineage 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) (especially the NADC30-like and NADC34-like viruses) have posed a direct threat to the Chinese pig industry since 2013. The phylogenetic, epidemic, and recombinant properties of these viruses have not yet systematically analysed in China. This report presents regular surveillance and field epidemiological studies for PRRSV across China from 2007 to 2019. From over 4,000 detected clinical samples, 70 open reading frame five sequences and four complete genomes of lineage 1 viruses were successfully obtained. Combined with global data, we conducted an extensive and systematic molecular phylogeny analysis using a maximum likelihood tree. The Chinese lineage 1 viruses were clustered, and their temporal and spatial distribution was further explored. Multiple viral introductions of lineage 1 virus from the United States to China were detected, and some became endemic in China. There are three sub-lineage 1 clusters: lineage 1.5 (NADC34-like), lineage 1.6 and New Intro cluster (NADC30-like). These viruses show high genetic diversity and a wide distribution in China, with Henan Province showing the highest diversity. Moreover, Chinese lineage 1 viruses have developed an endemic NADC30-like cluster. The demographic feature of this cluster showed a more or less constant population expansion history with a recent decreasing trend. Moreover, the genome recombination of Chinese lineage 1 with two dominant clusters (Chinese HP-PRRSVs: lineage 8.7 and VR2332-like: lineage 5.1) was frequently detected, both of which have commercial vaccine strains available. Furthermore, recombination hotspots were discovered near NSP9 and ORF2-4 regions of the genome. Overall, these findings provide important insights into the evolution and geographical diversity of Chinese lineage 1 PRRSV. These results will facilitate the development of programmes for the control and prevention of the emerging lineage 1 viruses in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Kuo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Xiong Xie
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Chun-Quan Ma
- Department of Animal Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Lang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mang Shi
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Jiang Y, Li G, Yu L, Li L, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Tong W, Liu C, Gao F, Tong G. Genetic Diversity of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) From 1996 to 2017 in China. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:618. [PMID: 32390968 PMCID: PMC7193098 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most devastating diseases of the global swine industry. The causative agent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was first isolated in China in 1996 and has evolved quickly during the last two decades. To fully understand virus diversity, epidemic situation in the field, and make future predictions, a total of 365 PRRSV strains were used for evolution and genome analysis in which 353 strains were isolated from mainland China. The results showed that high diversity was found among PRRSV isolates. Total PRRSV isolates could be divided into eight subgroups. Among these subgroups strains, Original HP-PRRSV, NADC30-like, and Intermediate PRRSV were the major epidemic PRRSV strains circling in the field and would play a major role in PRRS epidemic in the future. Deletions, insertions, and recombinations have occurred frequently in the PRRSV genome. Deletions were the main driving force of viral evolution before 2006 and may also contribute further to the virus' evolution in a relatively closed or low strain diversity circumstance. The recombinant strains could be divided into three groups: the Inner group, Extensional group, and Propagating group. The evolutionary directions of the isolates in the Extensional and Propagating groups have changed, and the routes of recombination in the Propagating group were analyzed and sorted into three types. The increases in recombinant strains and high rates of recombination in recent years indicate that recombination has played a very important role in the virus' evolution. Isolates, which incorporate the advantages of their parental strains, will influence PRRSV evolution and make adverse effects on PRRS control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Jiang
- Research Team on Porcine Viral Reproductive Disorder Syndrome, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Research Team on Porcine Viral Reproductive Disorder Syndrome, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxue Yu
- Research Team on Porcine Viral Reproductive Disorder Syndrome, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Li
- Research Team on Porcine Viral Reproductive Disorder Syndrome, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Research Team on Porcine Viral Reproductive Disorder Syndrome, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Research Team on Porcine Viral Reproductive Disorder Syndrome, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Research Team on Porcine Viral Reproductive Disorder Syndrome, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changlong Liu
- Research Team on Porcine Viral Reproductive Disorder Syndrome, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Research Team on Porcine Viral Reproductive Disorder Syndrome, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Research Team on Porcine Viral Reproductive Disorder Syndrome, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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42
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Chen N, Xiao Y, Ye M, Li X, Li S, Xie N, Wei Y, Wang J, Zhu J. High genetic diversity of Chinese porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses from 2016 to 2019. Res Vet Sci 2020; 131:38-42. [PMID: 32289611 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
High genetic diversity and limited cross-protection are two major reasons for ineffective control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. Therefore, it's important to dynamically monitor the prevalence of PRRSV for adopting appropriate control strategy. In this study, we analyzed PRRSV infection by detecting 712 clinical samples collected from 2016 to 2019 in China. Totally 100 samples were detected as PRRSV positive, including 2 and 98 samples were infected with PRRSV1 and PRRSV2, respectively. In addition, two out of the 98 PRRSV2 positive samples were co-infected with two distinct viruses. ORF5-based phylogenetic analysis showed that JXA1-like HP-PRRSV2 (lineage 8) and NADC30-like PRRSV2 (lineage 1) isolates are currently predominant, but QYYZ-like PRRSV2, CH-1a-like PRRSV2 and PRRSV1 isolates also co-exist in Chinese swine herds. In addition, two commercial MLV-derived viruses (TJM-F92-like and JXA1-R-like) were frequently detected. GP5 alignment also detected insertion and deletion in the extravirion domain. Our study presents the up-to-date PRRSV infection status and highlights the high genetic diversity of PRRSV currently circulating in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.
| | - Yanzhao Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Mengxue Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Xinshuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Shubin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Ningjun Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Yue Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Jialin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.
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43
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Han G, Lei K, Xu H, He F. Genetic characterization of a novel recombinant PRRSV2 from lineage 8, 1 and 3 in China with significant variation in replication efficiency and cytopathic effects. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1574-1584. [PMID: 31975574 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There are four major porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV2) lineages circulating in China based on classification system, including lineages 1 (NADC30-like), 3 (QYYZ-like), 5.1 (VR2332-like) and 8 (JXA1-like/CH-1a-Like), which leads to the potential recombination. In the present study, a novel variant of PRRSV2 strain named JS18-3 was isolated from piglets suffering severe breathing difficulties in Jiangsu Province of China in 2018. Full-length genome analysis indicated that JS18-3 shared 86.5%, 87.9%, 84.2%, 82.2% and 86.4% nucleotide similarity with PRRSVs CH-1a, JXA1, VR2332, QYYZ and NADC30, respectively. 4871-6635 of JS18-3 shared the highest identity of 99.3% in nucleotide sequence with HP-PRRSV representative strain JXA1 indicating ongoing evolution to HP-PRRSV. JS18-3 was classified into classical lineage 8 of PRRSV2 based on phylogenetic analysis of complete genome and ORF5. Genomic break points in structural (ORF3) and non-structural (NSP2, NSP3) regions of genomes were detected in recombination analysis. JS18-3 is a recombinant isolate from lineages 8, 1 and 3. Replication enhancement and severe cytopathic effects caused by JS18-3 were observed in Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) as compared to JX07, a typical strain of lineage 8. Pathogenicity results indicated that piglets inoculated with JS18-3 presented persistent fever, dyspnoea, serious microscopic lung lesions and lymph node congestion. The study suggests that lineage 8 of PRRSV2 is involved in continuing evolution by genetic recombination and mutation leading to outbreaks in vaccinated pigs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Han
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaixia Lei
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Xu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang He
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Efficacy Evaluation of Two Commercial Vaccines Against a Recombinant PRRSV2 Strain ZJnb16-2 From Lineage 8 and 3 in China. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9010059. [PMID: 31952177 PMCID: PMC7168615 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
From 2010, novel recombinant lineage 3 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV2) has continuously emerged China, which has brought about clinical outbreaks of the disease. Previously, a PRRSV2 strain named ZJnb16-2 was identified as a recombinant virus from lineage 8 and 3. In this study, two modified-live vaccines VR2332 MLV and HuN4-F112, which belong to lineage 5 and 8 respectively, were used for efficacy evaluation against the challenge of ZJnb16-2. Piglets vaccinated with HuN4-F112 exhibited temporary fever, higher average daily weight gain, and mild clinical signs as compared to VR2332 MLV vaccinated and unvaccinated piglets upon ZJnb16-2 challenge. Both vaccines could inhibit virus replication in piglets at 21days post challenge (DPC). Cross-reactivity of interferon (IFN)-γ secreting cells against ZJnb16-2 were detected in both vaccinated piglets. The number of IFN-γ secreting cells against ZJnb16-2 in the vaccination group exhibited sustaining elevation after challenge. Results demonstrated that both vaccines provided partial protection against ZJnb16-2 infection. A cross-neutralization antibody against ZJnb16-2 was not detected in any vaccinated piglet before challenge. A low neutralizing antibody titer against ZJnb16-2 was detected after challenge. Besides, all the vaccinated piglets suffered from different degrees of lung pathological lesions, indicating neither VR2332 MLV nor HuN4-F112 provided full protection against ZJnb16-2. This study provides valuable guidelines to control the recombinant virus from lineage 8 and 3 infection with MLV vaccines in the field.
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45
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Rapid, Unbiased PRRSV Strain Detection Using MinION Direct RNA Sequencing and Bioinformatics Tools. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121132. [PMID: 31817886 PMCID: PMC6950593 DOI: 10.3390/v11121132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prompt detection and effective control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) during outbreaks is important given its immense adverse impact on the swine industry. However, the diagnostic process can be challenging due to the high genetic diversity and high mutation rate of PRRSV. A diagnostic method that can provide more detailed genetic information about pathogens is urgently needed. In this study, we evaluated the ability of Oxford Nanopore MinION direct RNA sequencing to generate a PRRSV whole genome sequence and detect and discriminate virus at the strain-level. A nearly full length PRRSV genome was successfully generated from raw sequence reads, achieving an accuracy of 96% after consensus genome generation. Direct RNA sequencing reliably detected the PRRSV strain present with an accuracy of 99.9% using as few as 5 raw sequencing reads and successfully differentiated multiple co-infecting strains present in a sample. In addition, PRRSV strain information was obtained from clinical samples containing 104 to 106 viral copies or more within 6 hours of sequencing. Overall, direct viral RNA sequencing followed by bioinformatic analysis proves to be a promising approach for identification of the viral strain or strains involved in clinical infections, allowing for more precise prevention and control strategies during PRRSV outbreaks.
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46
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Chen N, Ye M, Huang Y, Li S, Xiao Y, Li X, Li S, Li X, Yu X, Tian K, Zhu J. Identification of Two Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Variants Sharing High Genomic Homology but with Distinct Virulence. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090875. [PMID: 31540541 PMCID: PMC6783987 DOI: 10.3390/v11090875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes huge economic loss to the global swine industry. Even though several control strategies have been applied, PRRS is still not effectively controlled due to the continuous emergence of new variants and limited cross-protection by current vaccines. During the routine epidemiological investigation in 2017, two PRRSV variants were identified from a severe abortion farm and a clinically healthy farm, respectively. The viruses were isolated and denominated as XJ17-5 and JSTZ1712-12. Genomic sequencing indicated that their genomes are both 14,960 bp in length sharing 99.45% nucleotide identity. Sequence alignments identified a discontinuous 30-amino-acid deletion and a continuous 120-amino-acid deletion in nsp2 of both isolates. Genome-based phylogenetic analysis confirmed that XJ17-5 and JSTZ1712-12 belong to the HP-PRRSV subtype but form a new branch with other isolates containing the same 150-amino-acid deletion in nsp2. Pathogenic analysis showed that XJ17-5 is highly virulent causing 60% mortality, while JSTZ1712-12 is avirulent for piglets. Furthermore, fragment comparisons identified 34-amino-acid differences between XJ17-5 and JSTZ1712-12 that might be associated with the distinct virulence. The identification of highly homologous HP-PRRSV variants with new genetic feature and distinct virulence contributes to further analyze the pathogenesis and evolution of PRRSV in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Mengxue Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yucheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yanzhao Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xinshuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shubin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, High-Tech District, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Xiuling Yu
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, High-Tech District, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Kegong Tian
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, High-Tech District, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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47
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Guo Z, Chen XX, Li X, Qiao S, Deng R, Zhang G. Prevalence and genetic characteristics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in central China during 2016-2017: NADC30-like PRRSVs are predominant. Microb Pathog 2019; 135:103657. [PMID: 31398529 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
NADC30-like strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were firstly reported in China in 2013. Since then, these strains have been epidemic in more than 13 provinces/regions. During 2016-2017, a total of 18 PRRSV isolates were obtained from 52 clinical samples in Henan province. Based on comparative and phylogenetic analyses of ORF5 and partial Nsp2 genes, 83.3% (15/18) isolates belonged to NADC30-like strains, and the ORF5 shared 87.4%-95.5% nucleotide identity with NADC30/JL580 and 84.2%-89.9% with JXA1/CH-1a, respectively. The genetic variation analysis showed that extensive amino acid substitutions happened in the significant regions of ORF5 including major linear antigenic epitopes (27-30aa, 37-45aa, 52-61aa) and the potential N-glycosylation sites (32-35aa). 16.7% (3/18) isolates were very close to HP-PRRSV derived attenuated strains. Moreover, these three isolates shared common residues at the positions 33D, 59 N, 164R, 196R in ORF5 and 303D, 399T, 575V, 598R, 604G in Nsp2, which were thought to be unique to modified live vaccines (MLVs) or their derivatives. Therefore, they were probably the revertants from MLVs. Our studies showed that the HP-PRRSV strains seemed to be gradually disappearing and NADC30-like strains had become the main causative agents of PRRS in central China. Comparing with HP-PRRSVs, the ORF5 of NADC30-like PRRSV strains displayed extensive amino acid mutations which may be related with immune evasion. Furthermore, the circulation of MLV derivatives in the fields made the diagnosis and control of PRRSV more complicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Xin-Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650100, PR China
| | - Songlin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Ruiguang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
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48
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Wei C, Dai A, Fan J, Li Y, Chen A, Zhou X, Luo M, Yang X, Liu J. Efficacy of Type 2 PRRSV vaccine against challenge with the Chinese lineage 1 (NADC30-like) PRRSVs in pigs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10781. [PMID: 31346199 PMCID: PMC6658503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the cross-protection of Ingelvac PRRS MLV against challenge with the new lineage 1 PRRSV emerged in China in pigs. Two lineage 1 PRRSV strains (FJZ03 and FJWQ16 originated from recombination event between NADC30 and JXA1-like strain). We found that pigs vaccinated with the vaccine were protected against challenge with the FJZ03 as shown by fewer days of clinical fever, reduced lung pathology scores, lower PRRS virus load in the blood and developed broadly neutralizing antibodies with high titers to FJZ03. In contrast, vaccine provided limited protection against challenge with FJWQ16 with higher fever, lower antibody titers, lower neutralizing antibodies and higher viral loads in blood. These results demonstrate PRRSV-MLV provides incomplete protection against new lineage 1 PRRSVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wei
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, China
| | - Ailing Dai
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, China
| | - Jialin Fan
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, China
| | - Anni Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Manlin Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, China
| | - Jiankui Liu
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, China. .,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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49
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Chen N, Ye M, Xiao Y, Li S, Huang Y, Li X, Tian K, Zhu J. Development of universal and quadruplex real-time RT-PCR assays for simultaneous detection and differentiation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:2271-2278. [PMID: 31233656 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV1) and 2 (PRRSV2) (including 3 major subtypes: classical (CA-PRRSV2), highly pathogenic (HP-PRRSV2) and NADC30-like (NL-PRRSV2)) are currently coexisting in Chinese swine herds but with distinct virulence. Reliable detection and differentiation assays are crucial to monitor the prevalence of PRRSV and to adopt effective control strategies. However, current diagnostic methods cannot simultaneously differentiate the four major groups of PRRSV in China. In this study, universal and quadruplex real-time RT-PCR assays using TaqMan-MGB probes were developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of Chinese PRRSV isolates. The newly developed real-time RT-PCR assays exhibited good specificity, sensitivity, repeatability and reproducibility. In addition, the newly developed real-time RT-PCR assays were further validated by comparing with a universal PRRSV conventional RT-PCR assay on the detection of 664 clinical samples collected from 2016 to 2019 in China. Based on the clinical performance, the agreements between the universal and quadruplex real-time RT-PCR assays and the conventional RT-PCR assay were 99.55% and 99.40%, respectively. Totally 90 samples were detected as PRRSV-positive, including 2 samples that were determined to be co-infected with NL-PRRSV2 and HP-PRRSV2 isolates by the quadruplex real-time RT-PCR assay. ORF5 sequencing confirmed the real-time RT-PCR results that 2, 6, 27 and 57 of the 92 sequences were PRRSV1, CA-PRRSV2, NL-PRRSV2 and HP-PRRSV2, respectively. This study provides promising alternative tools for simultaneous detection and differentiation of PRRSV circulating in Chinese swine herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengxue Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanzhao Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, High-Tech District, Luoyang, China
| | - Kegong Tian
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, High-Tech District, Luoyang, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,OIE Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Reference Laboratory, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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50
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Cathepsin L promotes secretory IgA response by participating in antigen presentation pathways during Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae infection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215408. [PMID: 30986254 PMCID: PMC6464228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin L (CTSL) has been proved to help contain leishmaniasis and mycoplasma infection in mice by supporting cellular immune responses, but the regulatory functions of CTSL on mucosal immune responses haven't been tested and remain undefined. Here, we investigated the effects of CTSL on SIgA responses and invariant chain (Ii) degradations in the co-cultured swine dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells system in vitro. When the cells system were transfected with vector CTSL-GFP or incubated with recombinant CTSL (rCTSL) before they were infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M.hp), SIgA significantly increased and Ii chain was degraded into smaller intermediates, while SIgA decreased when CTSL was knockdown or inhibited with E64. To confirm the SIgA responses promoted by CTSL contribute to the resistance to mycoplasma pneumonia, pigs injected with rCTSL before they were challenged with M.hp, showed milder clinical symptoms and histopathological damage of lungs, less mycoplasma burden together with higher secretion of SIgA, percentages of CD4+ T cells and level of MHC II molecules comparing with the group without rCTSL. Collectively, these results suggested that rCTSL could provide effective protection for piglets against mycoplasma pneumonia by enhancing M.hp-specific mucosal immune responses through its role in antigen presentation by processing the invariant chain.
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