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Sun Y, Hao Y, Zhang Q, Liu X, Wang L, Li J, Li M, Li D. Coping with extremes: Alternations in diet, gut microbiota, and hepatic metabolic functions in a highland passerine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167079. [PMID: 37714349 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
In wild animals, diet and gut microbiota interactions are critical moderators of metabolic functions and are highly contingent on habitat conditions. Challenged by the extreme conditions of high-altitude environments, the strategies implemented by highland animals to adjust their diet and gut microbial composition and modulate their metabolic substrates remain largely unexplored. By employing a typical human commensal species, the Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus, ETS), as a model species, we studied the differences in diet, digestive tract morphology and enzyme activity, gut microbiota, and metabolic energy profiling between highland (the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, QTP; 3230 m) and lowland (Shijiazhuang, Hebei; 80 m) populations. Our results showed that highland ETSs had enlarged digestive organs and longer small intestinal villi, while no differences in key digestive enzyme activities were observed between the two populations. The 18S rRNA sequencing results revealed that the dietary composition of highland ETSs were more animal-based and less plant-based than those of the lowland ones. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing results suggested that the intestinal microbial communities were structurally segregated between populations. PICRUSt metagenome predictions further indicated that the expression patterns of microbial genes involved in material and energy metabolism, immune system and infection, and xenobiotic biodegradation were strikingly different between the two populations. Analysis of liver metabolomics revealed significant metabolic differences between highland and lowland ETSs in terms of substrate utilization, as well as distinct sex-specific alterations in glycerophospholipids. Furthermore, the interplay between diet, liver metabolism, and gut microbiota suggests a dietary shift resulting in corresponding changes in gut microbiota and metabolic functions. Our findings indicate that highland ETSs have evolved to optimize digestion and absorption, rely on more protein-rich foods, and possess gut microbiota tailored to their dietary composition, likely adaptive physiological and ecological strategies adopted to cope with extreme highland environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao 066003, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Yaotong Hao
- Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao 066003, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Juyong Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Mo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Cangzhou Normal University, Cangzhou 061001, China.
| | - Dongming Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China.
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Huang B, Zhu Z, Dai Y, Yan C, Xu J, Sun L, Zhang Q, An X, Lai F. Characterization of translocon proteins in the type III secretion system of Lawsonia intracellularis. Vet Res 2023; 54:108. [PMID: 37993950 PMCID: PMC10664548 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lawsonia intracellularis, the etiologic agent of proliferative enteropathy (PE), is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium possessing a type III secretion system (T3SS), which enables the pathogen to translocate effector proteins into targeted host cells to modulate their functions. T3SS is a syringe-like apparatus consisting of a base, an extracellular needle, a tip, and a translocon. The translocon proteins assembled by two hydrophobic membrane proteins can form pores in the host-cell membrane, and therefore play an essential role in the function of T3SS. To date, little is known about the T3SS and translocon proteins of L. intracellularis. In this study, we first analyzed the conservation of the T3S apparatus between L. intracellularis and Yersinia, and characterized the putative T3S hydrophobic major translocon protein LI1158 and minor translocon protein LI1159 in the L. intracellularis genome. Then, by using Yersinia pseudotuberculosis as a surrogate system, we found that the full-length LI1158 and LI1159 proteins, but not the putative class II chaperone LI1157, were secreted in a - Ca2+ and T3SS-dependent manner and the secretion signal was located at the N terminus (aa 1-40). Furthermore, yeast-two hybrid experiments revealed that LI1158 and LI1159 could self-interact, and LI1159 could interact with LI1157. However, unlike CPn0809 and YopB, which are the major hydrophobic translocon proteins of the T3SS of C. pneumoniae and Yersinia, respectively, full-length LI1158 was non-toxic to both yeast and Escherichia coli cells, but full-length LI1159 showed certain toxicity to E. coli cells. Taken together, despite some differences from the findings in other bacteria, our results demonstrate that LI1158 and LI1159 may be the translocon proteins of L. intracellularis T3SS, and probably play important roles in the translocation of effector proteins at the early pathogen infection stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Huang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fermentation Application Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zihe Zhu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fermentation Application Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yimin Dai
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Chengxian Yan
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fermentation Application Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fermentation Application Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fermentation Application Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fermentation Application Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xuejiao An
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Nanchang Key Laboratory of Fermentation Application Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Fenju Lai
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Pereira CER, Resende TP, Daniel AGDS, Vannucci FA, Gebhart C, Guedes RMC. Evaluation of the role of clathrin and bacterial viability in the endocytosis of Lawsonia intracellularis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1005676. [PMID: 36793380 PMCID: PMC9923121 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1005676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lawsonia intracellularis is an obligate intracellular bacterium and causative agent of proliferative enteropathy. The pathogenesis of L. intracellularis is not completely understood, including the endocytic mechanisms to access the host cell cytoplasm. In this study, we evaluated the mechanisms involved in endocytosis of L. intracellularis in vitro using intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). Confocal microscopy was used to co-localize L. intracellularis and clathrin. Clathrin gene knockdown was then applied to verify whether L. intracellularis endocytosis is clathrin-dependent. Finally, internalization of viable and non-viable (bacteria were inactivated by heat) L. intracellularis organisms were assessed to study the role of the host cell during bacterial endocytosis. L. intracellularis organisms were observed co-localized with clathrin by confocal microscopy but the amount of L. intracellularis internalized in cells, with and without clathrin knockdown, did not differ statistically. The internalization of non-viable L. intracellularis showed a decrease in the internalization in cells with less clathrin synthesis (P<0.05). The present study is the first to elucidate the involvement of clathrin in the endocytosis of L. intracellularis. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was shown to be an important, but not required, process for L. intracellularis internalization in porcine intestinal epithelial cells. Independence of bacterial viability for host cell internalization was also confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Real Pereira
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Talita Pilar Resende
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Amanda Gabrielle de Souza Daniel
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Fabio Augusto Vannucci
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Connie Gebhart
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Roberto Mauricio Carvalho Guedes
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,*Correspondence: Roberto Mauricio Carvalho Guedes ✉
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Hao Y, Sun Y, Li M, Fang X, Wang Z, Zuo J, Zhang C. Adverse effects of polystyrene microplastics in the freshwater commercial fish, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Emphasis on physiological response and intestinal microbiome. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159270. [PMID: 36208741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution in aquatic environment has attracted global attention in recent years. To evaluate the potential toxic effects of MPs in freshwater cultured fish, grass carps (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (body length: 7.7 ± 0.1 cm, wet weight: 6.28 ± 0.23 g) were exposed to different sizes (0.5 μm, 15 μm) and concentrations (100 μg/L, 500 μg/L) of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) suspension for 7 and 14 days, followed by 7 days of depuration, detecting the variations in growth rate, histological structure, oxidative response and intestinal microbiome. Our results indicate that MP toxicity elicited significant size- and concentration-dependent responses by grass carp. MP exposure caused obvious decrease in growth rate on day 14 but not on day 7. Additionally, MPs with large size and high concentration caused more severe intestinal damage and less weight gain, while MP particles with small size and high concentration induced more severe liver congestion and stronger oxidative stress. MP exposure dramatically shifted the gut microbial composition, with the top 10 genera in abundance being associated with the diameter and concentration of the MPs. After 7 days of depuration, only superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in liver, showed a tendency to recover to the initial values. Even though the differences in the gut microbial community between the control and treatment groups disappeared, and the proportion of potential pathogenic bacteria in intestine was still high. Thus, it is clear that a short-term depuration period of 7 days is not enough for complete normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaotong Hao
- Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao 066003, China
| | - Yanfeng Sun
- Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao 066003, China.
| | - Mo Li
- Life Sciences College, Cangzhou Normal University, Cangzhou 061001, China
| | - Xuedan Fang
- Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao 066003, China
| | - Zhikui Wang
- Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao 066003, China
| | - Jiulong Zuo
- Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao 066003, China
| | - Cuiyun Zhang
- Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao 066003, China
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5
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Xiao N, Li J, Li M, Zhou H, Lin H, Fan H. Isolation and In Vitro cultivation of Lawsonia intracellularis from China. Vet Microbiol 2022; 270:109457. [PMID: 35609389 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lawsonia intracellularis is an obligate intracellular bacterium that cannot be cultured by conventional bacteriological methods. Pigs infected with L. intracellularis suffer from decreased daily weight gain and poor feed conversion ratio. China is a large producer of pigs, but epidemiological investigation data of L. intracellularis has not been obtained in recent years. Additionally, there is no information about a L. intracellularis strain being successfully isolated and established in cell culture in China, and the above shortcomings limit understanding of the pathogenesis of L. intracellularis and alternative prevention and control methods. The aims of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence of L. intracellularis antibodies in eight major pig-producing provinces in China during 2019-2020, to isolate L. intracellularis from infected intestines and then to establish an infection model of L. intracellularis in mice. Our results showed that of the 3586 serum samples, 2837 (79.1%, 95% CI: 77.7%, 80.4%) were seropositive for the L. intracellularis antibody. Subsequently, the L. intracellularis strain LJS19051 from China was successfully isolated and established in cell culture. Furthermore, L. intracellularis DNA and antibodies could be detected in the feces and serum samples of infected mice, respectively. Moreover, infected crypts showed typical proliferative enteropathies (PE) lesions and L. intracellularis antigen was detected in infected mice by immunofluorescence at 28 days post inoculation. The results indicated that the new L. intracellularis strain LJS19051 was obtained and could successfully proliferate in ICR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xiao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Minxue Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huixing Lin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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6
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Xiao N, Li J, Li M, Hu Y, Lin H, Fan H. Preparation and Characterization of a New Monoclonal Antibody Specific Against Lawsonia intracellularis and Its Application in Indirect Immunofluorescence and Immunocytochemistry Assay. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:753610. [PMID: 34912873 PMCID: PMC8667467 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.753610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferative enteropathy (PE) is an infectious enteric disease caused by Lawsonia intracellularis (L. intracellularis) and is endemic in pig herds worldwide. However, a L. intracellularis-specific monoclonal antibody plays an important role in the evaluation of L. intracellularis infection in vitro. Therefore, the objective of this study was to produce and identify the characteristics of a new monoclonal antibody against the outer membrane protein (Omp2) of L. intracellularis and apply it in an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and immunocytochemistry (IHC). The results indicated that three highly specific monoclonal antibodies against the Omp2 protein (4D9, 3G2, and 7G5) of L. intracellularis were obtained by using purified Omp2 as an immunogen, the titers of ascitic fluids of 4D9, 3G2, and 7G5 cells were 1:2,048,000, 1:512,000, and 1:256,000, respectively. IFA analysis showed that the 4D9, 3G2, and 7G5 have no cross-reactivity with other enteric bacteria commonly found in the ilea of pigs or closely related to L. intracellularis, such as Desulfovibrio, Bilophila wadsworthia (B. wadsworthia), Salmonella choleraesuis (S. choleraesuis), Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (B. hyodysenteriae). IFA and IHC results indicated that the monoclonal antibodies can be successfully used as primary antibodies to detect L. intracellularis in infected cells and in the crypt of the ileum from infected tissues of PE. Our findings suggested that the new monoclonal antibody specific against L. intracellularis will be useful for the evaluation of L. intracellularis infection in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xiao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minxue Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Hu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixing Lin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Resende TP, Medida RL, Vannucci FA, Saqui-Salces M, Gebhart C. Evaluation of swine enteroids as in vitro models for Lawsonia intracellularis infection1,2. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5707101. [PMID: 31943029 PMCID: PMC7007770 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The enteric pathogen Lawsonia intracellularis is one of the main causes of diarrhea and compromised weight gain in pigs worldwide. Traditional cell-line cultures have been used to study L. intracellularis pathogenesis. However, these systems fail to reproduce the epithelial changes observed in the intestines of L. intracellularis-infected pigs, specifically, the changes in intestinal cell constitution and gene expression. A more physiologically accurate and state-of-the-art model is provided by swine enteroids derived from stem cell-containing crypts from healthy pigs. The objective of this study was to verify the feasibility of two-dimensional swine enteroids as in vitro models for L. intracellularis infection. We established both three- and two-dimensional swine enteroid cultures derived from intestinal crypts. The two-dimensional swine enteroids were infected by L. intracellularis in four independent experiments. Enteroid-infected samples were collected 3 and 7 d postinfection for analysis using real-time quantitative PCR and L. intracellularis immunohistochemistry. In this study, we show that L. intracellularis is capable of infecting and replicating intracellularly in two-dimensional swine enteroids derived from ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Pilar Resende
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Ramya Lekha Medida
- Department of Animal Science, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Fabio A Vannucci
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Milena Saqui-Salces
- Department of Animal Science, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Connie Gebhart
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
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Padmanabhan VP, Balakrishnan S, Kulandaivelu R, T. S. N. SN, Lakshmipathy M, Sagadevan S, Mohammad F, Al-Lohedan HA, Paiman S, Oh WC. Nanoformulations of core–shell type hydroxyapatite-coated gum acacia with enhanced bioactivity and controlled drug delivery for biomedical applications. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00668h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, nanospherical hydroxyapatite (HAP) was prepared that has combined properties of controlled drug delivery, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity to have applications in the biomedical sector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subha Balakrishnan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Madras, Gundy Campus
- Chennai-600025
- India
| | | | - Sankara Narayanan T. S. N.
- Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute of Biodegradable Materials
- Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju 561-756
- South Korea
| | | | - Suresh Sagadevan
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur 50603
- Malaysia
| | - Faruq Mohammad
- Surfactants Research Chair
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
| | - Hamad A. Al-Lohedan
- Surfactants Research Chair
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
| | - Suriati Paiman
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400, Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Won Chun Oh
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
- Hanseo University
- Seosan-si
- Korea
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Resende TP, Medida RL, Guo Y, Vannucci FA, Saqui-Salces M, Gebhart C. Evaluation of mouse enteroids as a model for Lawsonia intracellularis infection. Vet Res 2019; 50:57. [PMID: 31324204 PMCID: PMC6642515 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0672-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lawsonia intracellularis, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is an important enteric pathogen in pig herds and horse farms worldwide. The hallmark feature of L. intracellularis infection is the proliferation of epithelial cells in intestinal crypts. A major limitation to the study of L. intracellularis infection is the lack of an in vitro model that reproduces the changes observed in proliferative enteropathy. Here we investigated the suitability of mouse enteroids as a model to study L. intracellularis infection. Mouse enteroids were microinjected with L. intracellularis, filter-sterilized L. intracellularis culture supernatant, or sterile cell culture media (DMEM). L. intracellularis antigen was detected in mouse enteroids by immunohistochemistry and was located mostly in the basal region of the epithelium. There was no differential growth of enteroids among treatment groups, and cellular proliferation was not increased in L. intracellularis-infected enteroids in relation to non-infected enteroids based on immunofluorescence staining. L. intracellularis infection did not induce changes in gene expression of Ki-67 (proliferation marker), Sox9 (marker for transit amplifying cells) and Muc2 (marker for goblet cells). These results indicate that although L. intracellularis antigen is detectable in mouse enteroids, indicating susceptibility to infection, mouse enteroids fail to replicate the cellular proliferation and gene expression changes observed in proliferative enteropathy. Nevertheless, we have successfully demonstrated that mouse enteroids can be used to model days-long intracellular pathogen infection, serving as potential models for the study of other pathogens of interest in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Pilar Resende
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - Ramya Lekha Medida
- Department of Animal Science, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Fabio A Vannucci
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Milena Saqui-Salces
- Department of Animal Science, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Connie Gebhart
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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