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Sgarioni AZ, Serafini PP, Pereira A, Emmerich T, Pontes TP, Ribeiro PR, Echenique J, Amorim DB, Klafke G, Reck J. A novel variant of Babesia sp. (Piroplasmida) as a hemoparasite in procellariiform seabirds. Parasitol Res 2023:10.1007/s00436-023-07894-4. [PMID: 37314510 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Procellariiformes includes pelagic seabirds that only use land for breeding; and also, these sites mostly occur in insular habitats. These peculiar habits make the investigation of hemoparasites a challenging issue. Thus, the data on the blood parasites of Procellariiformes are still scarce. In the order Piroplasmida, 16 species of Babesia have been described in terrestrial birds and seabirds. However, there is no register for Babesia spp. in procellariiform seabirds. Hence, the objective of this survey was to investigate the occurrence of Babesia spp. in these seabirds. A total of 220 tissue samples from 18 different seabird species were analyzed; the samples comprised blood and fragments of liver and spleen. The samples were obtained from live rescued animals and carcasses found along the southern coast of Brazil. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted, followed by phylogenetic analysis. Only one blood sample yielded a positive result, from an adult female Thalassarche chlororhynchos (Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross). The sequence obtained showed the highest identity with sequences of Babesia spp. of birds from the South Pacific, and the isolate was named Babesia sp. strain Albatross. In the phylogenetic analysis, the sequence was grouped within the Babesia sensu stricto group, and further still into a subgroup including Babesia spp. of the Kiwiensis clade (parasites from birds). The phylogenetic analysis also showed that Babesia sp. strain Albatross clustered apart from the Peircei group, a clade that includes Babesia spp. from seabirds. As far as it is known, this is the first report of Babesia sp. in procellariiform seabirds. Babesia sp. strain Albatross may constitute a novel variant of tick-borne piroplasmids associated with the Procellariiformes order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise Zabel Sgarioni
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Patricia P Serafini
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres (CEMAVE), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Aquática e Imunoquímica (LABCAI), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Tiffany Emmerich
- Unidade de Estabilização de Animais Marinhos, Universidade do Vale de Itajaí (UNIVALI), Penha, SC, Brazil
| | - Thamires P Pontes
- Unidade de Estabilização de Animais Marinhos, Universidade do Vale de Itajaí (UNIVALI), Penha, SC, Brazil
| | - Paula R Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Joanna Echenique
- Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Derek B Amorim
- Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos (CECLIMAR), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Imbé, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Klafke
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - José Reck
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil.
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2
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Interaction between anti-tick vaccine and a macrocyclic lactone improves acaricidal efficacy against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodidae) in experimentally infested cattle. Vaccine 2022; 40:6795-6801. [PMID: 36244881 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The southern cattle fever tick (SCFT) Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is considered the most important ectoparasite of livestock in the world because of high financial losses associated with direct feeding and transmission of the hemoparasites Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, and Anaplasma marginale. Unfortunately, SCFT in many parts of the world have evolved resistance to all market-available pesticides thus driving development of new control technologies. Vaccination against ticks using the tick gut protein Bm86 has been shown to be effective against acaricide-resistant ticks. This technique has been successfully implemented in Puerto Rico for the control of acaricide-resistant R. microplus on dairy and beef cattle. Observations from Puerto Rico indicate a potentially positive interaction between anti-tick vaccination when used in conjunction with systemic acaricide treatment. In this project, controlled animal studies were completed directly comparing efficacy of anti-tick vaccination with and without systemic acaricide. Results show that the Bm86 anti-tick vaccine in combination with the macrocyclic lactone, Moxidectin, expressed a synergistic interaction, providing greater and longer efficacy than either treatment alone.
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3
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Martins KR, Garcia MV, Bonatte-Junior P, Duarte PO, Csordas BG, Higa LDOS, Zimmermann NP, Barros JC, Andreotti R. Seasonal fluctuations of Babesia bigemina and Rhipicephalus microplus in Brangus and Nellore cattle reared in the Cerrado biome, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:395. [PMID: 36307861 PMCID: PMC9617377 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tick Rhipicephalus microplus (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Canestrini, 1888) causes substantial economic and health losses in cattle production and is the main vector of Babesia bigemina (Piroplasmidae: Babesidae, Smith & Kilborne, 1893). Babesia bigemina is responsible for a tick-borne disease known as babesiosis that can cause hemolytic anemia, fever and death. In the study reported here, we investigated the relationship between the number of ticks per animal and the number of B. bigemina cytochrome b gene (cbisg) copies in the blood of Brangus and Nellore cattle reared without acaricidal treatment in the Brazilian Cerrado biome over a 1-year period. Methods Ticks on 19 animals (9 Brangus and 10 Nellore cattle) were counted every 18 days, and blood was collected every 36 days for 12 months. Serological samples were analyzed with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and genomic DNA was analyzed by conventional PCR and quantitative PCR. The PCR products were sequenced by the Sanger method. Results The Brangus and Nellore breeds showed similar weight development and no clinical signs of babesiosis. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the breeds were observed for the number of ticks and the number of B. bigemina cbisg gene copies. Conclusions No correlation between the number of ticks and the number of circulating copies of cbisg was observed, although Nellore cattle presented with fewer ticks than Brangus cattle and the number of cbisg copies was higher for Nellore cattle than for Brangus cattle. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05513-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kauê Rodriguez Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil.,Embrapa Gado de Corte, Vila Popular, Avenida Radio Maia, 830., Campo Grande, MS, 79106-550, Brazil
| | - Marcos Valério Garcia
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Vila Popular, Avenida Radio Maia, 830., Campo Grande, MS, 79106-550, Brazil
| | - Paulino Bonatte-Junior
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Vila Popular, Avenida Radio Maia, 830., Campo Grande, MS, 79106-550, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Pâmella Oliveira Duarte
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Vila Popular, Avenida Radio Maia, 830., Campo Grande, MS, 79106-550, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Barbara Guimarães Csordas
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Vila Popular, Avenida Radio Maia, 830., Campo Grande, MS, 79106-550, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro de Oliveira Souza Higa
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Vila Popular, Avenida Radio Maia, 830., Campo Grande, MS, 79106-550, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Namor Pinheiro Zimmermann
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Vila Popular, Avenida Radio Maia, 830., Campo Grande, MS, 79106-550, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Campus Palotina, Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Cavalcante Barros
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Vila Popular, Avenida Radio Maia, 830., Campo Grande, MS, 79106-550, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Renato Andreotti
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Vila Popular, Avenida Radio Maia, 830., Campo Grande, MS, 79106-550, Brazil.
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4
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Possible role of Lipoptena fortisetosa (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) as a potential vector for Theileria spp. in captive Eld's deer in Khao Kheow Open Zoo, Thailand. Acta Trop 2022; 237:106737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Bovine fecal chemistry changes with progression of Southern Cattle Tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation. Vet Parasitol 2022; 303:109679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Almazán C, Scimeca RC, Reichard MV, Mosqueda J. Babesiosis and Theileriosis in North America. Pathogens 2022; 11:168. [PMID: 35215111 PMCID: PMC8874406 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Babesia and Theileria are apicomplexan parasites that cause established and emerging diseases in humans, domestic and wild animals. These protozoans are transmitted by Ixodid ticks causing babesiosis or theileriosis, both characterized by fever, hemolytic anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly. In North America (NA), the most common species affecting humans is B. microti, which is distributed in the Northeastern and Upper Midwestern United States (US), where the tick vector Ixodes scapularis is established. In livestock, B. bovis and B. bigemina are the most important pathogens causing bovine babesiosis in tropical regions of Mexico. Despite efforts toward eradication of their tick vector, Rhipicephalus microplus, B. bovis and B. bigemina present a constant threat of being reintroduced into the southern US and represent a continuous concern for the US cattle industry. Occasional outbreaks of T. equi, and T. orientalis have occurred in horses and cattle, respectively, in the US, with significant economic implications for livestock including quarantine, production loss, and euthanasia of infected animals. In addition, a new species, T. haneyi, has been recently discovered in horses from the Mexico-US border. Domestic dogs are hosts to at least four species of Babesia in NA that may result in clinical disease that ranges from subclinical to acute, severe anemia. Herein we review the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and epidemiology of the most important diseases caused by Babesia and Theileria to humans, domestic and wild animals in Canada, the US, and Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Almazán
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, C. A. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Queretaro 76140, Mexico;
| | - Ruth C. Scimeca
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (R.C.S.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Mason V. Reichard
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (R.C.S.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Juan Mosqueda
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, C. A. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Queretaro 76140, Mexico;
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7
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Shahzad M, Garg R, Yadav S, Devi A, Ram H, Banerjee PS. Comparative evaluation of Babesia bigemina truncated C-terminal rhoptry associated protein-1 and 200 kDa merozoite protein in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101783. [PMID: 34274575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Babesia bigemina is an intra-erythrocytic apicomplexan protozoon which causes an acute as well as chronic disease in cattle and is transmitted by ixodid ticks throughout the world. Due to low sensitivity of microscopy for detection of the parasite, there is a need for developing effective diagnostic tests that can be used to identify carrier animals in endemic areas. In the present study, C-terminal fragment of rhoptry associated protein-1 (RAP-1/CT) and 200 kDa merozoite protein (P200/CT) of B. bigemina were cloned into pET-32a(+) expression vector and expressed in Escherichia coli as thioredoxin-fusion proteins for use in an indirect ELISA. The rRAP-1/CT and rP200/CT showed no cross reactivity with plasma from cattle infected with other common parasites namely Theileria annulata, Trypanosoma evansi, Cryptosporidium parvum and Anaplasma marginale in the standardized ELISA. Examination of 116 blood samples collected from cattle suspected for haemoprotozoan infections revealed that 17 (14.6%), 46 (39.6%), 52 (44.8%) and 53 (45.7%) were positive for B. bigemina by microscopy, nested PCR, rRAP-1/CT based and rP200/CT based indirect ELISA, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivities of rRAP-1/CT and rP200/CT indirect ELISAs were 97.8% and 91.3%, while the diagnostic specificities were 90% and 84.3%, respectively, when nested PCR was taken as a reference test. An almost perfect agreement (Kappa value -0.859) between rRAP-1/CT ELISA and nested PCR results, and a substantial agreement (Kappa value -0.737) between rP200/CT ELISA and nested PCR were noticed. The findings of the present study suggest that rRAP-1/CT is a better diagnostic candidate antigen than rP200/CT for diagnosis of B. bigemina infection and it may be used in an ELISA for surveillance or diagnosis of B. bigemina infection in bovines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazah Shahzad
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - Rajat Garg
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India.
| | - Shobha Yadav
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - Anjali Devi
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - Hira Ram
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - P S Banerjee
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037, India
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8
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Makenov MT, Toure AH, Korneev MG, Sacko N, Porshakov AM, Yakovlev SA, Radyuk EV, Zakharov KS, Shipovalov AV, Boumbaly S, Zhurenkova OB, Grigoreva YE, Morozkin ES, Fyodorova MV, Boiro MY, Karan LS. Rhipicephalus microplus and its vector-borne haemoparasites in Guinea: further species expansion in West Africa. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1563-1570. [PMID: 33788020 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus microplus is an ixodid tick with a pantropical distribution that represents a serious threat to livestock. West Africa was free of this tick until 2007, when its introduction into Benin was reported. Shortly thereafter, further invasion of this tick species into other West African countries was identified. In this paper, we describe the first detection of R. microplus in Guinea and list the vector-borne haemoparasites that were detected in the invading and indigenous Boophilus species. In 2018, we conducted a small-scale survey of ticks infesting cattle in three administrative regions of Guinea: N`Zerekore, Faranah, and Kankan. The tick species were identified by examining their morphological characteristics and by sequencing their COI gene and ITS-2 gene fragments. R. microplus was found in each studied region. In the ticks, we found the DNA of Babesia bigemina, Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma platys, and Ehrlichia sp. The results of this study indicate that R. microplus was introduced into Guinea in association with cows from Mali and/or the Ivory Coast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Noumany Sacko
- Research Institute of Applied Biology of Guinea, Kindia, Guinea.,International Center for Research of Tropical Infections in Guinea, N`Zerekore, Guinea
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrey V Shipovalov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Kol'tsovo, Russia
| | - Sanaba Boumbaly
- Research Institute of Applied Biology of Guinea, Kindia, Guinea.,International Center for Research of Tropical Infections in Guinea, N`Zerekore, Guinea
| | | | | | | | | | - Mamadou Y Boiro
- Research Institute of Applied Biology of Guinea, Kindia, Guinea
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9
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Challenges in Tick-Borne Pathogen Detection: The Case for Babesia spp. Identification in the Tick Vector. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020092. [PMID: 33498304 PMCID: PMC7909277 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The causative agents of Babesiosis are intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus Babesia. Babesia parasites are present around the world, affecting several mammals including humans, pets and livestock, hence its medical and veterinary relevance. Babesia spp. detection in its invertebrate host is a main point in understanding the biology of the parasite to acquire more knowledge on the host–Babesia–vector interactions, as increasing knowledge of the Babesia lifecycle and babesiosis epidemiology can help prevent babesiosis outbreaks in susceptible mammals. The aim of the present review is to highlight the newest findings in this field, based on a bibliographic compilation of research studies recently carried out for the detection of the main Babesia species found in tick vectors affecting mammalian hosts, including the different tick stages such as adult ticks, larvae, nymphs and eggs, as well as the detection method implemented: microscopic tools for parasite identification and molecular tools for parasite DNA detection by conventional PCR, nested-PCR, PCR-RFLP, PCR-RLB hybridization, real time-PCR, LAMP and RAP assays. Although molecular identification of Babesia parasites has been achieved in several tick species and tissue samples, it is still necessary to carry out transmission experiments through biological models to confirm the vectorial capacity of various tick species.
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10
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Esteve-Gasent MD, Rodríguez-Vivas RI, Medina RF, Ellis D, Schwartz A, Cortés Garcia B, Hunt C, Tietjen M, Bonilla D, Thomas D, Logan LL, Hasel H, Alvarez Martínez JA, Hernández-Escareño JJ, Mosqueda Gualito J, Alonso Díaz MA, Rosario-Cruz R, Soberanes Céspedes N, Merino Charrez O, Howard T, Chávez Niño VM, Pérez de León AA. Research on Integrated Management for Cattle Fever Ticks and Bovine Babesiosis in the United States and Mexico: Current Status and Opportunities for Binational Coordination. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110871. [PMID: 33114005 PMCID: PMC7690670 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine babesiosis is a reportable transboundary animal disease caused by Babesia bovis and Babesiabigemina in the Americas where these apicomplexan protozoa are transmitted by the invasive cattle fever ticks Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) annulatus. In countries like Mexico where cattle fever ticks remain endemic, bovine babesiosis is detrimental to cattle health and results in a significant economic cost to the livestock industry. These cattle disease vectors continue to threaten the U.S. cattle industry despite their elimination through efforts of the Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program. Mexico and the U.S. share a common interest in managing cattle fever ticks through their economically important binational cattle trade. Here, we report the outcomes of a meeting where stakeholders from Mexico and the U.S. representing the livestock and pharmaceutical industry, regulatory agencies, and research institutions gathered to discuss research and knowledge gaps requiring attention to advance progressive management strategies for bovine babesiosis and cattle fever ticks. Research recommendations and other actionable activities reflect commitment among meeting participants to seize opportunities for collaborative efforts. Addressing these research gaps is expected to yield scientific knowledge benefitting the interdependent livestock industries of Mexico and the U.S. through its translation into enhanced biosecurity against the economic and animal health impacts of bovine babesiosis and cattle fever ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D. Esteve-Gasent
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Roger I. Rodríguez-Vivas
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, km. 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Raúl F. Medina
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Dee Ellis
- Institute for Infectious Animal Diseases, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.E.); (C.H.)
| | - Andy Schwartz
- Texas Animal Health Commission, Austin, TX 78758, USA;
| | - Baltazar Cortés Garcia
- Departamento de Rabia Paralítica y Garrapata, Dirección de Campañas Zoosanitarias, Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA), Avenida Insurgentes Sur N° 489 Piso 9, Colonia Hipódromo, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de Mexico 06100, Mexico;
| | - Carrie Hunt
- Institute for Infectious Animal Diseases, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.E.); (C.H.)
| | - Mackenzie Tietjen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA–ARS), Knipling–Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory and Veterinary Pest Genomics Center, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA; (M.T.); (A.A.P.d.L.)
| | - Denise Bonilla
- Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service International Services, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-APHIS), Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;
| | - Don Thomas
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Cattel Fever Tick Research Laboratory, Moore Air Base, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA;
| | - Linda L. Logan
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Hallie Hasel
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, (USDA-APHIS-VS), Austin, TX 78701, USA;
| | - Jesús A. Alvarez Martínez
- CENID-SAI, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agricolas y Pecuarias, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Col. Progreso. Jiutepec, Morelos 62390, Mexico;
| | - Jesús J. Hernández-Escareño
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Francisco Villa S/N, Hacienda del Canada, Ciudad General Escobedo, Nuevo León 66054, Mexico;
| | - Juan Mosqueda Gualito
- Immunology and Vaccines Laboratory, C. A. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Carretera a Chichimequillas, Ejido Bolaños, Queretaro Queretaro 76140, Mexico;
| | - Miguel A. Alonso Díaz
- Centro de Enseñanza, Investigación y Extensión en Ganadería Tropical, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km. 5.5 Carretera Federal Tlapacoyan-Martínez de la Torre, Martínez de la Torre, Veracruz 93600, Mexico;
| | - Rodrigo Rosario-Cruz
- BioSA Research Lab., Natural Sciences College, Campus el ‘Shalako’ Las Petaquillas, Autonomous Guerrero State University, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 62105, Mexico;
| | - Noé Soberanes Céspedes
- Lapisa S.A. de C.V. Carretera La Piedad-Guadalajara Km 5.5, Col. Camelinas, La Piedad, Michoacán 59375, Mexico;
| | - Octavio Merino Charrez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Km. 5 Carretera Victoria-Mante, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas 87000, Mexico;
| | - Tami Howard
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, (USDA-APHIS-VS), Field Operations, Southern Border Ports, Albuquerque, NM 87109, USA;
| | - Victoria M. Chávez Niño
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, International Services, (USDA-APHIS-IS), Mexico, Sierra Nevada 115, Col. Lomas de Chapultepec, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | - Adalberto A. Pérez de León
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA–ARS), Knipling–Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory and Veterinary Pest Genomics Center, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA; (M.T.); (A.A.P.d.L.)
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11
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Obregón D, Cabezas-Cruz A, Armas Y, Silva JB, Fonseca AH, André MR, Alfonso P, Oliveira MCS, Machado RZ, Corona-González B. High co-infection rates of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, and Anaplasma marginale in water buffalo in Western Cuba. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:955-967. [PMID: 30693380 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-06194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Water buffalo is important livestock in several countries in the Latin American and Caribbean regions. This buffalo species can be infected by tick-borne hemoparasites and remains a carrier of these pathogens which represent a risk of infection for more susceptible species like cattle. Therefore, studies on the epidemiology of tick-borne hemoparasites in buffaloes are required. In this study, the prevalence of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, and Anaplasma marginale were determined in water buffalo herds of western Cuba. To this aim, a cross-sectional study covering farms with large buffalo populations in the region was performed. Eight buffalo herds were randomly selected, and blood samples were collected from 328 animals, including 63 calves (3-14 months), 75 young animals (3-5 years), and 190 adult animals (> 5 years). Species-specific nested PCR and indirect ELISA assays were used to determine the molecular and serological prevalences of each hemoparasite, respectively. The molecular and serological prevalence was greater than 50% for the three hemoparasites. Differences were found in infection prevalence among buffalo herds, suggesting that local epidemiological factors may influence infection risk. Animals of all age groups were infected, with a higher molecular prevalence of B. bigemina and A. marginale in young buffalo and calves, respectively, while a stepwise increase in seroprevalence of B. bovis and B. bigemina from calves to adult buffaloes was found. The co-infection by the three pathogens was found in 12% of animals, and when analyzed by pair, the co-infections of B. bovis and B. bigemina, B. bigemina and A. marginale, and B. bovis and A. marginale were found in 20%, 24%, and 26%, respectively, underlying the positive interaction between these pathogens infecting buffaloes. These results provide evidence that tick-borne pathogen infections can be widespread among water buffalo populations in tropical livestock ecosystems. Further studies should evaluate whether these pathogens affect the health status and productive performance of water buffalo and infection risk of these pathogens in cattle cohabiting with buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel Obregón
- Universidad Agraria de La Habana, Apartado Postal 18-19, Carretera Tapaste y Autopista Nacional, CP 32700, San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba. .,Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, Apartado Postal 10, Carretera de Jamaica y Autopista Nacional, San José de Las Lajas, CP 32700, Mayabeque, Cuba.
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRA, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Yasmani Armas
- Universidad Agraria de La Habana, Apartado Postal 18-19, Carretera Tapaste y Autopista Nacional, CP 32700, San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Jenevaldo B Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, s/n - Zona Rural, Seropédica - RJ, CEP 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Adivaldo H Fonseca
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, s/n - Zona Rural, Seropédica - RJ, CEP 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Marcos R André
- Universidade Estadual Paulista-Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Pastor Alfonso
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, Apartado Postal 10, Carretera de Jamaica y Autopista Nacional, San José de Las Lajas, CP 32700, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Márcia C S Oliveira
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 234, São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Z Machado
- Universidade Estadual Paulista-Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Belkis Corona-González
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, Apartado Postal 10, Carretera de Jamaica y Autopista Nacional, San José de Las Lajas, CP 32700, Mayabeque, Cuba
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12
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Wattanamethanont J, Kaewthamasorn M, Tiawsirisup S. Natural infection of questing ixodid ticks with protozoa and bacteria in Chonburi Province, Thailand. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018. [PMID: 29519772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ixodid ticks are important vectors of tick-borne disease agents affecting humans and animals, with wildlife often serving as important reservoirs. This study examined protozoal and bacterial infection in questing ticks in forest habitats in Chonburi Province, Thailand in 2015, using PCR and DNA sequencing techniques. A total of 12,184 ticks were morphologically identified to species and a subset of ticks were confirmed by PCR, targeting the tick mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. Tick species collected included Haemaphysalis lagrangei (92.8%), H. wellingtoni (0.1%), and Rhipicephalus microplus (7.0%). In total, 419 tick pools [ELM(1] [ST2] were examined by PCR amplification of a fragment of the 18S rRNA gene of Babesia and Theileria species, and the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria in the family Anaplasmataceae. Results revealed a tick infection rate for the tick pools of 57.0% (239/419) including four pathogens and one bacterial symbiont. The highest infection rate in H. lagrangei, H. wellingtoni, and R. microplus pools was recorded for Anaplasma spp. at 55.6% (233/419) including three Anaplasma species genotype groups Anaplasma spp. closely related to A. bovis, A. platys, and unidentified Anaplasma spp. Theileria spp. showed a lower infection rate in H. lagrangei at 4.3% (18/419) with three Theileria species genotypes closely related to T. cervi, T. capreoli, and unidentified Theileria spp. Only 0.2% (1/419) of H. lagrangei pools contained Babesia spp., Ehrlichia spp., or Wolbachia spp. [ELM(3] [ST4] These findings provided information on tick species in wildlife habitats and detected protozoa and bacteria in the ticks. The results suggest that these tick species are possible vectors for transmitting tick-borne disease agents in Thailand wildlife habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntra Wattanamethanont
- Veterinary Pathobiology Program, The Veterinary Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Animal Vector-Borne Disease Research Group, The Veterinary Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Morakot Kaewthamasorn
- Animal Vector-Borne Disease Research Group, The Veterinary Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Veterinary Parasitology Research Group, The Veterinary Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Sonthaya Tiawsirisup
- Animal Vector-Borne Disease Research Group, The Veterinary Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Efficacy profile of Cypermethrin and Chlorpyrifos based acaricides on Rhipicephalus microplus control on cattle in the rearing phase, naturally infested and exposed to tick fever agents in central Brazil. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2018; 12:43-48. [PMID: 31014808 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of two cypermethrin- and chlorpyrifos-based acaricides in controlling Rhipicephalus microplus in a naturally infested bovine herd and in in vitro tests, as well as to monitor the animals for tick fever. Male bovines in the rearing phase were used, with 30 Brangus and 30 Nellore animals naturally infested. The groups were composed as follows: 15 Nellore treated, 15 Nellore control, 15 Brangus treated and 15 Brangus control. Every 18 days, the animals were monitored for tick count, acaricide treatment, weight, blood pack cell volume, and clinical signs. For in vitro tests, the larval packet test, adult immersion test and DNA amplification for tick fever diagnosis were performed. In the first animal treatment period, product 1 (cypermethrin, 15 g + chlorpyrifos, 25 g + citronellal, 1 g) was used; in the second period, product 2 (cypermethrin, 15 g + chlorpyrifos, 30 g + fenthion, 15 g) was used. In Brangus animals, the mean efficacy was 35.1% and 95.8% in the first and second periods, respectively, for the same animals. For Nellore animals, the efficacy in periods one and two was 51% and 97.1%, respectively. The in vitro results showed efficacy above 95% for the two challenged acaricides. The Brangus animals showed a high production of ticks associated with the presence of tick fever agents, which could generate risks for the disease's enzootic stability.
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Giglioti R, Oliveira HN, Ibelli AMG, Bilhassi TB, Néo TA, Santana CH, Rabelo MD, Machado RZ, de Souza Chagas AC, de Sena Oliveira MC. Neither quantification by qPCR nor quantitative Elisa can be used to discriminate Angus cattle for resistance/susceptibility to Babesia bovis. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2017; 8:335-340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Giglioti R, Oliveira H, Santana C, Ibelli A, Néo T, Bilhassi T, Rabelo M, Machado R, Brito L, Oliveira M. Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infection levels estimated by qPCR in Angus cattle from an endemic area of São Paulo state, Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:657-662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Saad-Roy CM, Shuai Z, van den Driessche P. Models of Bovine Babesiosis Including Juvenile Cattle. Bull Math Biol 2015; 77:514-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-015-0068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Garcia MV, Andreotti R, Reis FA, Aguirre ADAR, Barros JC, Matias J, Koller WW. Contributions of the hair sheep breed Santa Ines as a maintenance host for Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:515. [PMID: 25404176 PMCID: PMC4243285 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hair sheep breeds are a new, cost-effective option for the diversification of livestock in the Midwest region of Brazil. They are grazed extensively with cattle as well as in isolation in small areas. Hair sheep breeds are vulnerable to infestation by parasites such as the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, which causes various types of damage and can transmit diseases. Methods In this study, Santa Inês hair sheep were naturally infested in an area contaminated by infested cattle and then monitored to determine the ability of these animals to maintain the local tick population in the absence of cattle. After engorged tick females of each generation fell off, the animals were placed in another pasture and were returned only after larvae reappeared in the original pasture. Results Tick counts were performed every ten days for three generations of sheep, and average infestations per animal of 34, 12 and 4 ticks were observed for each successive generation. These numbers suggest the acquisition of resistance; however, additional studies are needed to ensure resistance is achieved. The average length of the parasitic phase for each generation of ticks was 25 days. Conclusion We concluded that this hair sheep breed, even if kept separate from cattle, is able to maintain tick populations for at least three generations, although a gradual decrease in the population levels of R. microplus over three generations was observed. We also detected two positive cases of Anaplasma spp. Therefore, it appears that the Santa Inês hair sheep breed contributes to the circulation of this bacterium among other ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renato Andreotti
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Embrapa Beef Cattle, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | | | - André de Abreu Rangel Aguirre
- Graduate Program of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | | | - Jaqueline Matias
- Graduate Program of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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Florin-Christensen M, Suarez CE, Rodriguez AE, Flores DA, Schnittger L. Vaccines against bovine babesiosis: where we are now and possible roads ahead. Parasitology 2014; 141:1-30. [PMID: 25068315 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182014000961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY Bovine babesiosis caused by the tick-transmitted haemoprotozoans Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina and Babesia divergens commonly results in substantial cattle morbidity and mortality in vast world areas. Although existing live vaccines confer protection, they have considerable disadvantages. Therefore, particularly in countries where large numbers of cattle are at risk, important research is directed towards improved vaccination strategies. Here a comprehensive overview of currently used live vaccines and of the status quo of experimental vaccine trials is presented. In addition, pertinent research fields potentially contributing to the development of novel non-live and/or live vaccines are discussed, including parasite antigens involved in host cell invasion and in pathogen-tick interactions, as well as the protective immunity against infection. The mining of available parasite genomes is continuously enlarging the array of potential vaccine candidates and, additionally, the recent development of a transfection tool for Babesia can significantly contribute to vaccine design. However, the complication and high cost of vaccination trials hinder Babesia vaccine research, and have so far seriously limited the systematic examination of antigen candidates and prevented an in-depth testing of formulations using different immunomodulators and antigen delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos E Suarez
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology,Washington State University,Pullman, WA 99164-7040,USA
| | - Anabel E Rodriguez
- Instituto de Patobiologia,CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, 1686 Hurlingham,Argentina
| | - Daniela A Flores
- Instituto de Patobiologia,CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, 1686 Hurlingham,Argentina
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Bilhassi TB, Oliveira HN, Ibelli AM, Giglioti R, Regitano LC, Oliveira-Sequeira TC, Bressani FA, Malagó W, Resende FD, Oliveira MC. Quantitative study of Babesia bovis infection in beef cattle from São Paulo state, Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2014; 5:234-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Ríos-Tobón S, Gutiérrez-Builes LA, Ríos-Osorio LA. Assessing bovine babesiosis in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks and 3 to 9-month-old cattle in the middle Magdalena region, Colombia. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2014000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Hüe T, Graille M, Mortelecque A, Desoutter D, Delathière JM, Marchal C, Teurlai M, Barré N. Diagnostic methods used to monitor an outbreak of babesiosis (Babesia bovis) in a herd of feral cattle in New Caledonia. Aust Vet J 2013; 91:254-8. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Hüe
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien/Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (IAC/CIRAD); BP 73; 98890; Païta; New Caledonia; France
| | - M Graille
- Service des Laboratoires Officiels Vétérinaires Agroalimentaires et Phytosanitaires de Nouvelle-Calédonie; Direction des Affaires Vétérinaires Alimentaires et Rurales de Nouvelle-Calédonie; Station zootechnique de Port-Laguerre; Païta; New Caledonia; France
| | - A Mortelecque
- Service des Laboratoires Officiels Vétérinaires Agroalimentaires et Phytosanitaires de Nouvelle-Calédonie; Direction des Affaires Vétérinaires Alimentaires et Rurales de Nouvelle-Calédonie; Station zootechnique de Port-Laguerre; Païta; New Caledonia; France
| | - D Desoutter
- Service des Laboratoires Officiels Vétérinaires Agroalimentaires et Phytosanitaires de Nouvelle-Calédonie; Direction des Affaires Vétérinaires Alimentaires et Rurales de Nouvelle-Calédonie; Station zootechnique de Port-Laguerre; Païta; New Caledonia; France
| | - JM Delathière
- Service d'Inspection Vétérinaire; Alimentaire et Phytosanitaire; Direction des Affaires Vétérinaires Alimentaires et Rurales de Nouvelle-Calédonie; Nouméa Cedex; New Caledonia; France
| | - C Marchal
- Service des Laboratoires Officiels Vétérinaires Agroalimentaires et Phytosanitaires de Nouvelle-Calédonie; Direction des Affaires Vétérinaires Alimentaires et Rurales de Nouvelle-Calédonie; Station zootechnique de Port-Laguerre; Païta; New Caledonia; France
| | - M Teurlai
- UMR LOCEAN et ESPACE-DEV; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD); Nouméa Cedex; New Caledonia; France
| | - N Barré
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien/Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (IAC/CIRAD); BP 73; 98890; Païta; New Caledonia; France
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Brito LG, Rocha RB, Barbieri FDS, Ribeiro ES, Vendrami FB, Souza GC, Giglioti R, Regitano LC, Falcoski TO, Tizioto PC, Oliveira MC. Babesia bovis infection in cattle in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2013; 4:78-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Schnittger L, Rodriguez AE, Florin-Christensen M, Morrison DA. Babesia: a world emerging. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 12:1788-809. [PMID: 22871652 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Babesia are tick-transmitted hemoprotozooans that infect mammals and birds, and which are acknowledged for their major impact on farm and pet animal health and associated economic costs worldwide. Additionally, Babesia infections of wildlife can be fatal if associated with stressful management practices; and human babesiosis, also transmitted by blood transfusion, is an increasing public-health concern. Due to the huge diversity of species reported to serve as Babesia hosts, all vertebrates might be potential carriers, as long as they are adequate hosts for Babesia-vector ticks. We here provide a comprehensive overview of the most relevant Babesia species, and a discussion of the classical taxonomic criteria. Babesia, Cytauxzoon and Theileria parasites are closely related and collectively referred to as piroplasmids. A possible scenario for the history of piroplasmids is presented in the context of recent findings, and its implications for future research avenues are outlined. Phylogenetic trees of all available 18S rRNA and hsp70 genes were generated, based on which we present a thoroughly revised molecular classification, comprising five monophyletic Babesia lineages, one Cytauxzoon clade, and one Theileria clade. Updated 18S rRNA and beta-tubulin gene trees of the B. microti isolates agree with those previously reported. To reconcile estimates of the origin of piroplasmids and ticks (~300 Ma, respectively), and mammalian radiation (60 Ma), we hypothesize that the dixenous piroplasmid life cycle evolved with the origin of ticks. Thus, the observed time gap between tick origin and mammalian radiation indicates the existence of hitherto unknown piroplasmid lineages and/or species in extant vertebrate taxa, including reptiles and possibly amphibians. The development and current status of the molecular taxonomy of Babesia, with emphasis on human-infecting species, is discussed. Finally, recent results from population genetic studies of Babesia parasites, and their implications for the development of pathogenicity, drug resistance and vaccines, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Schnittger
- Institute of Pathobiology, Center of Research in Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences, INTA-Castelar, Argentina.
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Pérez de León AA, Teel PD, Auclair AN, Messenger MT, Guerrero FD, Schuster G, Miller RJ. Integrated Strategy for Sustainable Cattle Fever Tick Eradication in USA is Required to Mitigate the Impact of Global Change. Front Physiol 2012; 3:195. [PMID: 22712018 PMCID: PMC3374960 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ticks Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus and R. (B.) microplus, commonly known as cattle and southern cattle tick, respectively, impede the development and sustainability of livestock industries throughout tropical and other world regions. They affect animal productivity and wellbeing directly through their obligate blood-feeding habit and indirectly by serving as vectors of the infectious agents causing bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. The monumental scientific discovery of certain arthropod species as vectors of infectious agents is associated with the history of research on bovine babesiosis and R. annulatus. Together, R. microplus and R. annulatus are referred to as cattle fever ticks (CFT). Bovine babesiosis became a regulated foreign animal disease in the United States of America (U.S.) through efforts of the Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program (CFTEP) established in 1906. The U.S. was declared free of CFT in 1943, with the exception of a permanent quarantine zone in south Texas along the border with Mexico. This achievement contributed greatly to the development and productivity of animal agriculture in the U.S. The permanent quarantine zone buffers CFT incursions from Mexico where both ticks and babesiosis are endemic. Until recently, the elimination of CFT outbreaks relied solely on the use of coumaphos, an organophosphate acaricide, in dipping vats or as a spray to treat livestock, or the vacation of pastures. However, ecological, societal, and economical changes are shifting the paradigm of systematically treating livestock to eradicate CFT. Keeping the U.S. CFT-free is a critical animal health issue affecting the economic stability of livestock and wildlife enterprises. Here, we describe vulnerabilities associated with global change forces challenging the CFTEP. The concept of integrated CFT eradication is discussed in reference to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto A Pérez de León
- Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service Kerrville, TX, USA
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Sivakumar T, Altangerel K, Battsetseg B, Battur B, AbouLaila M, Munkhjargal T, Yoshinari T, Yokoyama N, Igarashi I. Genetic detection of Babesia bigemina from Mongolian cattle using apical membrane antigen-1 gene-based PCR assay. Vet Parasitol 2012; 187:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Brake DK, Pérez de León AA. Immunoregulation of bovine macrophages by factors in the salivary glands of Rhipicephalus microplus. Parasit Vectors 2012; 5:38. [PMID: 22333193 PMCID: PMC3320552 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alternative strategies are required to control the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, due to evolving resistance to commercially available acaricides. This invasive ectoparasite is a vector of economically important diseases of cattle such as bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. An understanding of the biological intricacies underlying vector-host-pathogen interactions is required to innovate sustainable tick management strategies that can ultimately mitigate the impact of animal and zoonotic tick-borne diseases. Tick saliva contains molecules evolved to impair host innate and adaptive immune responses, which facilitates blood feeding and pathogen transmission. Antigen presenting cells are central to the development of robust T cell responses including Th1 and Th2 determination. In this study we examined changes in co-stimulatory molecule expression and cytokine response of bovine macrophages exposed to salivary gland extracts (SGE) obtained from 2-3 day fed, pathogen-free adult R. microplus. Methods Peripheral blood-derived macrophages were treated for 1 hr with 1, 5, or 10 μg/mL of SGE followed by 1, 6, 24 hr of 1 μg/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Real-time PCR and cytokine ELISA were used to measure changes in co-stimulatory molecule expression and cytokine response. Results Changes were observed in co-stimulatory molecule expression of bovine macrophages in response to R. microplus SGE exposure. After 6 hrs, CD86, but not CD80, was preferentially up-regulated on bovine macrophages when treated with 1 μg/ml SGE and then LPS, but not SGE alone. At 24 hrs CD80, CD86, and CD69 expression was increased with LPS, but was inhibited by the addition of SGE. SGE also inhibited LPS induced upregulation of TNFα, IFNγ and IL-12 cytokines, but did not alter IL-4 or CD40 mRNA expression. Conclusions Molecules from the salivary glands of adult R. microplus showed bimodal concentration-, and time-dependent effects on differential up-regulation of CD86 in bovine macrophages activated by the TLR4-ligand, LPS. Up regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and IL-12, a Th1 promoting cytokine, were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The co-stimulatory molecules CD80, as well as the cell activation marker, CD69, were also suppressed in macrophages exposed to SGE. Continued investigation of the immunomodulatory factors will provide the knowledge base to research and develop therapeutic or prophylactic interventions targeting R. microplus-cattle interactions at the blood-feeding interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danett K Brake
- USDA-ARS Knipling, Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA.
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Mosqueda J, Olvera-Ramirez A, Aguilar-Tipacamu G, Canto GJ. Current advances in detection and treatment of babesiosis. Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:1504-18. [PMID: 22360483 PMCID: PMC3355466 DOI: 10.2174/092986712799828355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Babesiosis is a disease with a world-wide distribution affecting many species of mammals principally cattle and man. The major impact occurs in the cattle industry where bovine babesiosis has had a huge economic effect due to loss of meat and beef production of infected animals and death. Nowadays to those costs there must be added the high cost of tick control, disease detection, prevention and treatment. In almost a century and a quarter since the first report of the disease, the truth is: there is no a safe and efficient vaccine available, there are limited chemotherapeutic choices and few low-cost, reliable and fast detection methods. Detection and treatment of babesiosis are important tools to control babesiosis. Microscopy detection methods are still the cheapest and fastest methods used to identify Babesia parasites although their sensitivity and specificity are limited. Newer immunological methods are being developed and they offer faster, more sensitive and more specific options to conventional methods, although the direct immunological diagnoses of parasite antigens in host tissues are still missing. Detection methods based on nucleic acid identification and their amplification are the most sensitive and reliable techniques available today; importantly, most of those methodologies were developed before the genomics and bioinformatics era, which leaves ample room for optimization. For years, babesiosis treatment has been based on the use of very few drugs like imidocarb or diminazene aceturate. Recently, several pharmacological compounds were developed and evaluated, offering new options to control the disease. With the complete sequence of the Babesia bovis genome and the B. bigemina genome project in progress, the post-genomic era brings a new light on the development of diagnosis methods and new chemotherapy targets. In this review, we will present the current advances in detection and treatment of babesiosis in cattle and other animals, with additional reference to several apicomplexan parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mosqueda
- C.A. Salud Animal y Microbiología Ambiental. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Mexico.
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Brake DK, Wikel SK, Tidwell JP, Pérez de León AA. Rhipicephalus microplus salivary gland molecules induce differential CD86 expression in murine macrophages. Parasit Vectors 2010; 3:103. [PMID: 21054882 PMCID: PMC2993695 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-3-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tick parasitism is a major impediment for cattle production in many parts of the world. The southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is an obligate hematophagous parasite of domestic and wild animals that serves as vector of infectious agents lethal to cattle. Tick saliva contains molecules evolved to modulate host innate and adaptive immune responses which facilitates blood feeding and pathogen transmission. Tick feeding promotes CD4 T cell polarization to a Th2 profile usually accompanied by down-regulation of Th1 cytokines through as yet undefined mechanisms. Co-stimulatory molecules on antigen presenting cells are central to development of T cell responses including Th1 and Th2 responses. Tick induced changes to antigen presenting cell signal transduction pathways are largely unknown. Here we document the ability of R. microplus salivary gland extracts (SGE) to effect differential CD86 expression. Results We examined changes in co-stimulatory molecule expression in murine RAW 264.7 cells in response to R. microplus SGE exposure in the presence of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand, LPS. After 24 hrs, CD86, but not CD80, was preferentially up-regulated on mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells when treated with SGE and then LPS, but not SGE alone. CD80 and CD40 expression was increased with LPS, but the addition of SGE did not alter expression. Higher concentrations of SGE were less effective at increasing CD86 RNA expression. The addition of mitogen or extracellular kinase (MEK) inhibitor, PD98059, significantly reduced the ability for SGE to induce CD86 expression, indicating activation of MEK is necessary for SGE induced up-regulation. Conclusions Molecules in SGE of R. microplus have a concentration-dependent effect on differential up-regulation of CD86 in a macrophage cell line activated by the TLR4 ligand, LPS. This CD86 up-regulation is at least partially dependent on the ERK1/2 pathway and may serve to promote Th2 polarization of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danett K Brake
- USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland U,S, Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksberg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA.
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