1
|
Salem MA, Mahdy OA, Ramadan RM. Ultra-structure, genetic characterization and Immunological approach of fish borne zoonotic trematodes (Family: Heterophyidae) of a redbelly tilapia. Res Vet Sci 2024; 166:105097. [PMID: 38007971 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FBZT) are highly significant zoonotic trematodes that can infect humans by eating raw or undercooked fish harboring active metacercaria. In this investigation, FBZT was found in samples of widely cultivated redbelly tilapia (Tilapia zillii) obtained from the Fayum governorate. Encysted metacercaria (EMC) infection was identified in fish belonging to the heterophyid family morphologically. The prevalence of heterophyid EMC was 30.5%. EMC was identified and implemented in a subsequent study on domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) carried out to allow adult flukes of Pygidiopsis (P.) genata; P. summa; and Ascocotyle (A.) pindoramensis species in their small intestine. This study presents the first report that combines ultra-structure, molecular approach of three species of heterophyid flukes, ultra-structure using transmission electron microscope in P. genata, and the study of host immunological responses and associated cytokines during Pygidiopsis species infection of pigeons in Egypt. Using Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT- PCR), the gene expression levels of six cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TGF-β3) were assessed. The molecular confirmation of P. genata, P. summa, and A. pindoramensis have a registration in the GenBank under accession number MT672308.1, OR083433.1, and OR083431.1, respectively. Throughout the infection, the gut produced cytokines in considerably variable amounts. As a result of the Pygidiopsis species infection in pigeons, our data showed distinctive cytokine alterations, which could aid in figuring out the immunological pathogenesis and host defense mechanism against this infection. This study focused on different types of fish-borne trematodes, particularly the zoonotically important ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai A Salem
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Olfat A Mahdy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Reem M Ramadan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gueretz JS, Boeing M, Murasaki J, Schwegler E, Moura ABD, Martins ML. Distribution of cysts holding Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa metacercariae in tissues and organs of mugilid. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2021; 30:e011821. [PMID: 34495044 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa is an etiological agent of human phagicolosis. Mugilids are the second intermediate host, the first being Heleobia australis, and mugilids predatory birds and mammals are its definitive hosts. The occurrence of cysts holding A. longa metacercariae is described in mugilids with a prevalence of up to 100%. The wide geographical distribution of A. longa and its intermediate hosts coupled with the rise in the consumption of raw or poorly cooked fish may elevate the risk of human infection. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to verify the distribution pattern of cysts holding A. longa in mugilids. The tissue and organ samples of these fish were processed in a domestic blender and examined under a stereoscopic microscope to identify the cysts holding the digenetic metacercariae. Of the 24 (100%) fish samples that were analyzed, 12 of Mugil curema and 12 of Mugil liza possessed cysts holding A. longa metacercariae. Digenetic cysts were identified to be present in the gills, heart, stomach, liver, intestines, mesentery, and muscular tissues collected from M. curema and M. liza. Conclusively, in M. curema, the cysts holding A. longa metacercariae were found to be distributed randomly throughout the fish body in almost every tissue and organ that was examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maiara Boeing
- Instituto Federal Catarinense - IFC Araquari, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brasil
| | - Juliana Murasaki
- Instituto Federal Catarinense - IFC Araquari, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brasil
| | - Elizabeth Schwegler
- Instituto Federal Catarinense - IFC Araquari, Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, Brasil
| | - Anderson Barbosa de Moura
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Lages, SC, Brasil
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Polinas M, Padrós F, Merella P, Prearo M, Sanna MA, Marino F, Burrai GP, Antuofermo E. Stages of Granulomatous Response Against Histozoic Metazoan Parasites in Mullets (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061501. [PMID: 34064270 PMCID: PMC8224377 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Parasitic diseases represent a common issue in fish and, when histozoic forms are present, this elicits a chronic inflammatory reaction leading to granuloma formation. Despite the large knowledge of granuloma formation due to parasites in visceral organs, little is known about the development and the evolutive stages of granulomas in naturally infected fish. Mullets (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) are a widespread euryhaline fish species that harbor different parasites, thus representing a suitable model for the study of parasite-induced granulomas. Combining histopathology and immunohistochemical tools, we identified three developmental granuloma stages (pre-granuloma, intermediate, and late stage), that ranged from an intact parasite with mild signs of tissue reaction to the formation of a structured granuloma. The identified histological patterns could be reliable tools in the staging of the granulomatous response associated with histozoic parasites and are an attempt to broaden the knowledge of the inflammatory response in different host–parasite systems. Abstract Histozoic parasite–fish host interaction is a dynamic process that leads to the formation of a granuloma, a specific chronic inflammatory response with discernible histological features. Mullets (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) represent a suitable model concerning the development of such lesions in the host–parasite interface. The present work aimed to identify granuloma developmental stages from the early to the late phase of the infection and to characterize the immune cells and non-inflammatory components of the granuloma in different stages. For this purpose, 239 mullets were collected from 4 Sardinian lagoons, and several organs were examined by combining histopathological, bacteriological, and immunohistochemical methods. Granulomas associated with trematode metacercariae and myxozoan parasites were classified into three developmental stages: (1) pre-granuloma stage, characterized by intact encysted parasite and with no or mild tissue reaction; (2) intermediate stage, with partially degenerated parasites, necrosis, and a moderate number of epithelioid cells (ECs); and (3) late stage, with a necrotic core and no detectable parasite with a high number of ECs and fibroblasts. The three-tier staging and the proposed morphological diagnosis make it conceivable that histopathology could be an essential tool to evaluate the granulomas associated with histozoic parasitic infection in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Polinas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.M.); (M.A.S.); (G.P.B.); (E.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(079)-229566
| | - Francesc Padrós
- Fish Diseases Diagnostic Service, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Paolo Merella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.M.); (M.A.S.); (G.P.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Marino Prearo
- Fish Disease Laboratory, State Veterinary Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, 10154 Torino, Italy;
| | - Marina Antonella Sanna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.M.); (M.A.S.); (G.P.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Fabio Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pietro Burrai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.M.); (M.A.S.); (G.P.B.); (E.A.)
- Mediterranean Center for Disease Control (MCDC), University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Antuofermo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (P.M.); (M.A.S.); (G.P.B.); (E.A.)
- Mediterranean Center for Disease Control (MCDC), University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Santos CP, Borges JN. Current Knowledge of Small Flukes (Digenea: Heterophyidae) from South America. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 58:373-386. [PMID: 32871631 PMCID: PMC7462800 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fish-borne heterophyid trematodes are known to have a zoonotic potential, since at least 30 species are able to infect humans worldwide, with a global infection of around 7 million people. In this paper, a ‘state-of-the-art’ review of the South American heterophyid species is provided, including classical and molecular taxonomy, parasite ecology, host-parasite interaction studies and a list of species and their hosts. There is still a lack of information on human infections in South America with undetected or unreported infections probably due to the information shortage and little attention by physicians to these small intestinal flukes. Molecular tools for specific diagnoses of South American heterophyid species are still to be defined. Additional new sequences of Pygidiopsis macrostomum, Ascocotyle pindoramensis and Ascocotyle longa from Brazil are also provided.
Collapse
|
5
|
Rebello KM, Borges JN, Teixeira A, Perales J, Santos CP. Proteomic analysis of Ascocotyle longa (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) metacercariae. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2020; 239:111311. [PMID: 32745491 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ascocotyle longa is parasitic trematode with wide distribution throughout America, Europe, Africa, and Middle East. Despite the fact that this fish-borne pathogen has been considered an agent of human heterophyiasis in Brazil, the molecules involved in the host-parasite interaction remain unknown. The present study reports the proteome profile of A. longa metacercariae collected from the fish Mugil liza from Brazil. This infective stage for humans, mammals and birds was analyzed using nLC-MS/MS approach. We identified a large repertoire of proteins, which are mainly involved in energy metabolism and cell structure. Peptidases and immunogenic proteins were also identified, which might play roles in host-parasite interface. Our data provided unprecedented insights into the biology of A. longa and represent a first step to understand the natural host-parasite interaction. Moreover, as the first proteome characterized in this trematode, it will provide an important resource for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina M Rebello
- Laboratório de Estudos Integrados em Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Juliana N Borges
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Teixeira
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonas Perales
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudia P Santos
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Borges JN, Lopes KC, Santos CP. Viability of Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) metacercariae from mullets (Mugil liza) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil after exposure to freezing and heating in the temperature range from −35 °C to 180 °C. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
7
|
Marcotegui P, Martorelli S. Myxobolus saladensis sp. nov., a new species of gill parasite of Mugil liza (Osteichthyes, Mugilidae) from Samborombón Bay, Buenos Aires, Argentina. IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2017026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
8
|
Improvement of extracellular lipase production by a newly isolated Yarrowia lipolytica mutant and its application in the biosynthesis of L-ascorbyl palmitate. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 106:302-311. [PMID: 28827135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica Wt-11 producing an extracellular lipase was isolated and identified. To improve the lipase production, Y. lipolytica Wt-11 was subjected to low-energy ion implantation mutation breeding, and a best mutant, Y. lipolytica Mut-96, was obtained after screening. Under the optimal cultivation conditions, the scaled-up production of lipases were performed, and the lipase activity of Y. lipolytica Mut-96 was enhanced nearly 5.5-fold compared with that of Y. lipolytica Wt-11. After fermentation, the lipases were purified, and the characteristics of the purified lipases were studied. The optimum temperatures and pHs for lipases from Wt-11and Mut-96 were 30°C and 8.0, respectively. The purified lipases were stable between pH 7.0 and 8.5 and unstable at temperatures above 40°C. The lipase activities were enhanced by Ca2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Fe2+ and SDS. The synthesis of L-ascorbyl palmitate via esterification with L-ascorbic acid and palmitic acid by immobilized lipases from Wt-11 and Mut-96 in organic media was investigated, and the L-ascorbyl palmitate can be respectively produced at levels of 14.8 and 27.5g/L.
Collapse
|
9
|
Masala S, Piras MC, Sanna D, Chai JY, Jung BK, Sohn WM, Garippa G, Merella P. Epidemiological and molecular data on heterophyid trematode metacercariae found in the muscle of grey mullets (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) from Sardinia (western Mediterranean Sea). Parasitol Res 2016; 115:3409-17. [PMID: 27154766 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study is a contribution to the molecular taxonomy and epidemiology of heterophyid (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) metacercariae found in the muscle of Mugilidae (Osteichthyes) from Sardinia (western Mediterranean Sea). Sixty specimens of mugilids (13 Chelon labrosus, 18 Liza aurata, 6 Liza ramada, 8 Liza saliens, 15 Mugil cephalus) were examined and 17,899 metacercariae isolated in 95 % of the hosts. Four types of metacercariae were identified: Heterophyes sp. (n = 14,113), Heterophyes sp. -small (1225), Stictodora sp. (1606), and Ascocotyle (Phagicola) sp. (955). The experimental infection of a hamster with Heterophyes sp. metacercariae produced six adults identified as Heterophyes heterophyes and two as Heterophyes cf. nocens. The morphology of Heterophyes sp. -small metacercariae matched with that of Heterophyes dispar. The sequence analysis of the ITS2 and 28S portions of rDNA confirmed the morphological identification of metacercariae, showing four clusters. All adults grouped together with the Heterophyes sp. metacercariae, whereas adults of Heterophyes nocens from Korea clustered separately, showing that this species is distinguished from H. heterophyes, and suggesting caution in the exclusive use of the number of rodlets of the genital sucker to separate the two species. The presence of metacercariae was high in all hosts; the highest prevalence is of Heterophyes sp. (prevalence ≥78 %; mean intensity ≥135 metacercariae/100 g muscle), and the most heavily infected host is M. cephalus (prevalence = 100 %; mean intensity = 841 metacercariae/100 g muscle).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Masala
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, via Vienna, 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Piras
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, via Vienna, 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Daria Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Bong-Kwang Jung
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, 660-751, South Korea
| | - Giovanni Garippa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, via Vienna, 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Merella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, via Vienna, 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Montes MM, Martorelli SR. An ecological and comparative analysis of parasites in juvenile Mugil liza (Pisces, Mugilidae) from two sites in Samborombón bay, Argentina. IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-476620151054403410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836 is an economically important food fish and has been recommended for aquaculture in South America. A total of 278 fishes were collected in the spring and summer of 2009 and 2010. These fish were sorted into sample groups according to their size class. We used Bayesian statistics and 95% credible intervals for each parameter tested were calculated. Fish studied harbored a total of 15 different species of parasites. Diversity of parasite species found on Mugil liza was greatest at the S.R.C. collection site, but evidenced a lower species richness than at A.R. site. The 1st size fishes of both sites evidenced greater parasite diversity than either 2nd or 3rd size fish. Differences observed could be explained by the different use of habitat types at the two sites or differential susceptibility to infection by parasites. The dominance of D. fastigatainfluenced observed results of lower community diversity indexes. New works elucidating different parasite life cycles within juvenile and adults ofM. liza in Argentina, promise to be important for determining the risk of the parasitism by zoonotic metacercariae A. (P.) longa and use of this fish as food and an economic resource, and the possible use of mullet parasites in other promising fields as indicators of biodiversity, and/ or water contamination.
Collapse
|
11
|
Portes Santos C, Lopes KC, da Silva Costa V, Santos EGND. Fish-borne trematodosis: Potential risk of infection by Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa (Heterophyidae). Vet Parasitol 2013; 193:302-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|