1
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Stokes JE, Carpenter S, Sanders C, Gubbins S. Emergence dynamics of adult Culicoides biting midges at two farms in south-east England. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:251. [PMID: 35820957 PMCID: PMC9277857 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are biological vectors of livestock arboviruses that cause diseases with significant economic, social and welfare impacts. Within temperate regions, livestock movement during arbovirus outbreaks can be facilitated by declaring a ‘seasonal vector-free period’ (SVFP) during winter when adult Culicoides are not active. In this study we carry out long-term monitoring of Culicoides adult emergence from larval development habitats at two farms in the UK to validate current definitions of the SVFP and to provide novel bionomic data for known vector species. Methods Standard emergence traps were used to collect emerging adult Culicoides from dung heaps at two cattle farms in the south-east of England from June to November 2016 and March 2017 to May 2018. Culicoides were morphologically identified to species or complex level and count data were analysed using a simple population dynamic model for pre-adult Culicoides that included meteorological components. Results More than 96,000 Culicoides were identified from 267 emergence trapping events across 2 years, revealing clear evidence of bivoltinism from peaks of male populations of Culicoidesobsoletus emerging from dung heaps. This pattern was also reflected in the emergence of adult female Obsoletus complex populations, which dominated the collections (64.4% of total catch) and emerged throughout the adult active period. Adult male C. obsoletus were observed emerging earlier than females (protandry) and emergence of both sexes occurred throughout the year. Culicoides chiopterus and Culicoides scoticus were also identified in spring emergence collections, providing the first evidence for the overwintering of larvae in dung heaps for these species. Conclusions This study demonstrates continual and highly variable rates of emergence of Culicoides throughout the year. A lack of evidence for mass emergence in spring along with the ability to observe male generations highlights the need for complementary surveillance techniques in addition to light-trap data when investigating seasonality and phenology. Evidence was found of other vector species, C. chiopterus and C. scoticus, utilising cattle dung heaps as an overwintering habitat, further highlighting the importance of these habitats on farms. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05370-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Eleanor Stokes
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK. .,ProScience Ltd, Gloucestershire, GL11 5SD, UK.
| | - Simon Carpenter
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | | | - Simon Gubbins
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
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2
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A Review of the Vector Status of North American Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) for Bluetongue Virus, Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, and Other Arboviruses of Concern. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2022; 9:130-139. [PMID: 36105115 PMCID: PMC9463510 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-022-00263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Culicoides biting midges transmit several pathogens of veterinary importance in North America, but the vector status of many midge species is unresolved. Additionally, the available evidence of vector competence in these species is scattered and variable. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge on confirmed and putative North American Culicoides arbovirus vectors. Recent Findings While the vector status of Culicoides sonorensis (EHDV, BTV, VSV) and Culicoides insignis (BTV) are well established, several other potential vector species have been recently identified. Frequently, these species are implicated based primarily on host-feeding, abundance, and/or detection of arboviruses from field-collected insects, and often lack laboratory infection and transmission data necessary to fully confirm their vector status. Recent genetic studies have also indicated that some wide-ranging species likely represent several cryptic species, further complicating our understanding of their vector status. Summary In most cases, laboratory evidence needed to fully understand the vector status of the putative Culicoides vectors is absent; however, it appears that several species are likely contributing to the transmission of arboviruses in North America.
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Aguilar-Vega C, Rivera B, Lucientes J, Gutiérrez-Boada I, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. A study of the composition of the Obsoletus complex and genetic diversity of Culicoides obsoletus populations in Spain. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:351. [PMID: 34217330 PMCID: PMC8254917 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04841-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Culicoides obsoletus species complex (henceforth ‘Obsoletus complex’) is implicated in the transmission of several arboviruses that can cause severe disease in livestock, such as bluetongue, African horse sickness, epizootic hemorrhagic disease and Schmallenberg disease. Thus, this study aimed to increase our knowledge of the composition and genetic diversity of the Obsoletus complex by partial sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) gene in poorly studied areas of Spain. Methods A study of C. obsoletus populations was carried out using a single-tube multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that was designed to differentiate the Obsoletus complex sibling species Culicoides obsoletus and Culicoides scoticus, based on the partial amplification of the cox1 gene, as well as cox1 georeferenced sequences from Spain available at GenBank. We sampled 117 insects of the Obsoletus complex from six locations and used a total of 238 sequences of C. obsoletus (ss) individuals (sampled here, and from GenBank) from 14 sites in mainland Spain, the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands for genetic diversity and phylogenetic analyses. Results We identified 90 C. obsoletus (ss), 19 Culicoides scoticus and five Culicoides montanus midges from the six collection sites sampled, and found that the genetic diversity of C. obsoletus (ss) were higher in mainland Spain than in the Canary Islands. The multiplex PCR had limitations in terms of specificity, and no cryptic species within the Obsoletus complex were identified. Conclusions Within the Obsoletus complex, C. obsoletus (ss) was the predominant species in the analyzed sites of mainland Spain. Information about the species composition of the Obsoletus complex could be of relevance for future epidemiological studies when specific aspects of the vector competence and capacity of each species have been identified. Our results indicate that the intraspecific divergence is higher in C. obsoletus (ss) northern populations, and demonstrate the isolation of C. obsoletus (ss) populations of the Canary Islands. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04841-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Aguilar-Vega
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Belén Rivera
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Lucientes
- Department of Animal Pathology (Animal Health), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, AgriFood Institute of Aragón IA2, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Gutiérrez-Boada
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Zittra C, Wöss G, Van der Vloet L, Bakran-Lebl K, Shahi Barogh B, Sehnal P, Fuehrer HP. Barcoding of the Genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Austria-An Update of the Species Inventory Including the First Records of Three Species in Austria. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050406. [PMID: 32456256 PMCID: PMC7280969 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceratopogonidae are small nematoceran Diptera with a worldwide distribution, consisting of more than 5400 described species, divided into 125 genera. The genus Culicoides is known to comprise hematophagous vectors of medical and veterinary importance. Diseases transmitted by Culicoides spp. Such as African horse sickness virus, Bluetongue virus, equine encephalitis virus (Reoviridae) and Schmallenberg virus (Bunyaviridae) affect large parts of Europe and are strongly linked to the spread and abundance of its vectors. However, Culicoides surveillance measures are not implemented regularly nor in the whole of Austria. In this study, 142 morphologically identified individuals were chosen for molecular analyses (barcoding) of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (mt COI). Molecular analyses mostly supported previous morphologic identification. Mismatches between results of molecular and morphologic analysis revealed three new Culicoides species in Austria, Culicoidesgornostaevae Mirzaeva, 1984, which is a member of the Obsoletus group, C. griseidorsum Kieffer, 1918 and C. pallidicornis Kieffer, 1919 as well as possible cryptic species. We present here the first Austrian barcodes of the mt COI region of 26 Culicoides species and conclude that barcoding is a reliable tool with which to support morphologic analysis, especially with regard to the difficult to identify females of the medically and economically important genus Culicoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Zittra
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (C.Z.); (L.V.d.V.); (K.B.-L.); (B.S.B.)
- Unit Limnology, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Günther Wöss
- Zoological Department 2, Natural History Museum Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria; (G.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Lara Van der Vloet
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (C.Z.); (L.V.d.V.); (K.B.-L.); (B.S.B.)
| | - Karin Bakran-Lebl
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (C.Z.); (L.V.d.V.); (K.B.-L.); (B.S.B.)
| | - Bita Shahi Barogh
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (C.Z.); (L.V.d.V.); (K.B.-L.); (B.S.B.)
| | - Peter Sehnal
- Zoological Department 2, Natural History Museum Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria; (G.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Hans-Peter Fuehrer
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (C.Z.); (L.V.d.V.); (K.B.-L.); (B.S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-(1)-25077-2205
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5
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Mignotte A, Garros C, Gardès L, Balenghien T, Duhayon M, Rakotoarivony I, Tabourin L, Poujol L, Mathieu B, Ibañez-Justicia A, Deniz A, Cvetkovikj A, Purse BV, Ramilo DW, Stougiou D, Werner D, Pudar D, Petrić D, Veronesi E, Jacobs F, Kampen H, Pereira da Fonseca I, Lucientes J, Navarro J, de la Puente JM, Stefanovska J, Searle KR, Khallaayoune K, Culverwell CL, Larska M, Bourquia M, Goffredo M, Bisia M, England M, Robin M, Quaglia M, Miranda-Chueca MÁ, Bødker R, Estrada-Peña R, Carpenter S, Tchakarova S, Boutsini S, Sviland S, Schäfer SM, Ozoliņa Z, Segliņa Z, Vatansever Z, Huber K. The tree that hides the forest: cryptic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the Palaearctic vector Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at the European level. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:265. [PMID: 32434592 PMCID: PMC7238629 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Culicoides obsoletus is an abundant and widely distributed Holarctic biting midge species, involved in the transmission of bluetongue virus (BTV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) to wild and domestic ruminants. Females of this vector species are often reported jointly with two morphologically very close species, C. scoticus and C. montanus, forming the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex. Recently, cryptic diversity within C. obsoletus was reported in geographically distant sites. Clear delineation of species and characterization of genetic variability is mandatory to revise their taxonomic status and assess the vector role of each taxonomic entity. Our objectives were to characterize and map the cryptic diversity within the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex. Methods Portion of the cox1 mitochondrial gene of 3763 individuals belonging to the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex was sequenced. Populations from 20 countries along a Palaearctic Mediterranean transect covering Scandinavia to Canary islands (North to South) and Canary islands to Turkey (West to East) were included. Genetic diversity based on cox1 barcoding was supported by 16S rDNA mitochondrial gene sequences and a gene coding for ribosomal 28S rDNA. Species delimitation using a multi-marker methodology was used to revise the current taxonomic scheme of the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex. Results Our analysis showed the existence of three phylogenetic clades (C. obsoletus clade O2, C. obsoletus clade dark and one not yet named and identified) within C. obsoletus. These analyses also revealed two intra-specific clades within C. scoticus and raised questions about the taxonomic status of C. montanus. Conclusions To our knowledge, our study provides the first genetic characterization of the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex on a large geographical scale and allows a revision of the current taxonomic classification for an important group of vector species of livestock viruses in the Palaearctic region.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Mignotte
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Montpellier, France. .,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France.
| | - Claire Garros
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Montpellier, France. .,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France.
| | - Laetitia Gardès
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 97170, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Thomas Balenghien
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France.,Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Unité Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, 10100, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Maxime Duhayon
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Ignace Rakotoarivony
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Tabourin
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Léa Poujol
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Mathieu
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Pathology of Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, DIHP UR 7292, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Adolfo Ibañez-Justicia
- Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, National Reference Centre, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmet Deniz
- Veterinary Control Central Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aleksandar Cvetkovikj
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Bethan V Purse
- Centre for Ecology, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - David W Ramilo
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Despoina Stougiou
- Department of Parasitology-Parasitic Diseases, Entomology & Bee Health, Veterinary Centre of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Doreen Werner
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Dubravka Pudar
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dušan Petrić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Eva Veronesi
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frans Jacobs
- Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, National Reference Centre, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Helge Kampen
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Isabel Pereira da Fonseca
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Javier Lucientes
- Department of Animal Pathology, AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2) Veterinary Faculty, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Navarro
- Departamento de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Producción y Sanidad Animal de Granada, Junta de Andalucía, Granada, Spain
| | - Josue Martinez de la Puente
- Doñana Biological Station, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jovana Stefanovska
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Kate R Searle
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Khalid Khallaayoune
- Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Unité Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, 10100, Rabat, Morocco
| | - C Lorna Culverwell
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Haartmaninkatu 3, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | | | - Maria Bourquia
- Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France.,Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Unité Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, 10100, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Maria Goffredo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Marina Bisia
- Department of Parasitology-Parasitic Diseases, Entomology & Bee Health, Veterinary Centre of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Matthew Robin
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Michela Quaglia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Campo Boario, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Miguel Ángel Miranda-Chueca
- Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands UIB, Palma, Spain
| | - René Bødker
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rosa Estrada-Peña
- Department of Animal Pathology, AgriFood Institute of Aragón (IA2) Veterinary Faculty, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Simona Tchakarova
- National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sofia Boutsini
- Department of Parasitology-Parasitic Diseases, Entomology & Bee Health, Veterinary Centre of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Stefanie M Schäfer
- Centre for Ecology, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Zanda Ozoliņa
- Institute of Food safety, Animal Health and Environment 'BIOR', Riga, Latvia
| | - Zanda Segliņa
- Institute of Food safety, Animal Health and Environment 'BIOR', Riga, Latvia
| | - Zati Vatansever
- Veterinary Control Central Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Karine Huber
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Montpellier, France
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6
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Bourquia M, Garros C, Rakotoarivony I, Gardès L, Huber K, Boukhari I, Delécolle JC, Baldet T, Mignotte A, Lhor Y, Khallaayoune K, Balenghien T. Update of the species checklist of Culicoides Latreille, 1809 biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of Morocco. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:459. [PMID: 31551074 PMCID: PMC6757417 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Investigations of Culicoides fauna, including inventories, were carried out in Morocco at different periods after the country had faced major bluetongue and African horse sickness outbreaks. However, no comprehensive reference publication has provided a clear overview of the Culicoides species diversity. This study reviewed available data on Culicoides biting midge species in Morocco from 1968 to 2015 (published and grey literature in French and English) in order to revise the current checklist, in light of state of the art taxonomic and systematic knowledge, and confirmed the checklist with morphological and molecular identifications of specimens collected from the region of Rabat. Methods Literature related to Culicoides collections in Morocco was collated. Authors were contacted to obtain raw data and additional information for the collections. Fresh Culicoides material was collected and examined from two sites around Rabat, the capital of Morocco. Each collected individual was examined and morphologically identified, if possible, to the species level. In addition, molecular identification was performed to separate closely related species, to confirm difficult morphological identifications and to confirm new species records. Results A total of 6121 individuals of Culicoides spp. were collected and analyzed and at least 17 species were identified: C. cataneii/C. gejgelensis, C. circumscriptus, C. fagineus, C. festivipennis, C. imicola, C. jumineri, C. kingi, C. longipennis, C. montanus, C. newsteadi, C. obsoletus, C. paolae, C. parotti, C. puncticollis, C. sahariensis, C. scoticus and C. subfagineus. Seven species were confirmed using phylogenetic analyses. Two new species records for Morocco are reported: C. paolae and C. subfagineus. Conclusions The Moroccan fauna of Culicoides now includes 54 valid species. Further work would certainly increase this total, as one of the clades we identified was not affiliated to any described and valid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bourquia
- Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Unité Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, 10100, Rabat, Morocco. .,ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRA, Montpellier, France. .,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France.
| | - Claire Garros
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRA, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 97490, Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Ignace Rakotoarivony
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRA, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Laetitia Gardès
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRA, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 97170, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Karine Huber
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Intissar Boukhari
- Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Unité Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, 10100, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jean-Claude Delécolle
- Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale de Strasbourg (IPPTS) EA7292, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Baldet
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRA, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Mignotte
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRA, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Youssef Lhor
- Office National de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits Alimentaires, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire, 10015, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Khallaayoune
- Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Unité Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, 10100, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Thomas Balenghien
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRA, Montpellier, France. .,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France. .,Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Unité Microbiologie, Immunologie et Maladies Contagieuses, 10100, Rabat, Morocco.
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7
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Möhlmann TWR, Bekendam AM, van Kemenade I, Wennergren U, Favia G, Takken W, Koenraadt CJM. Latitudinal diversity of biting midge species within the Obsoletus group across three habitats in Europe. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 33:420-426. [PMID: 31033029 PMCID: PMC6849825 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Culicoides species from the Obsoletus group are important vectors of bluetongue and Schmallenberg virus. This group consists of several species that cannot easily be identified using morphological characteristics. Therefore, limited information is available about their distribution and habitat preferences. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the species composition of the Obsoletus group in three habitat types at climatically different latitudes across Europe. Traps were placed in three habitat types in three countries at different latitudes. After DNA extraction, biting midges were identified using PCR and gel electrophoresis. Extraction of DNA using Chelex proved to be a cost and time efficient method for species identification. A latitudinal effect on the relative abundance of species from the Obsoletus group was found. Species composition was unique for most country-habitat combinations. The majority of biting midges were either C. obsoletus s.s. or C. scoticus, and both species were found at all latitudes and habitats. Their wide distribution and their high abundance at livestock farms make these species likely candidates for rapid farm-to-farm transmission of pathogens throughout Europe. Our results emphasize the need to differentiate Obsoletus group species to better understand their ecology and contribution to pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. W. R. Möhlmann
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- IFM Theory and ModellingLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - A. M. Bekendam
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - I. van Kemenade
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - U. Wennergren
- IFM Theory and ModellingLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - G. Favia
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
| | - W. Takken
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - C. J. M. Koenraadt
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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8
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Veldhuis A, Mars J, Stegeman A, van Schaik G. Changing surveillance objectives during the different phases of an emerging vector-borne disease outbreak: The Schmallenberg virus example. Prev Vet Med 2019; 166:21-27. [PMID: 30935502 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the late summer of 2011, a sudden rise in incidence of fever, drop in milk production and diarrhoea was observed in dairy cows in the eastern region of the Netherlands and in north-western Germany. In the autumn of 2011, a novel orthobunyavirus was identified by metagenomic analyses in samples from acutely diseased cows on a farm near the German city of Schmallenberg, and was thereafter named Schmallenberg virus (SBV). Due to the novelty of the virus, there was an immediate need for knowledge regarding the epidemiological characteristics of SBV-infections to inform surveillance and control strategies. A rapid assessment of the spread and impact of an emerging disease supports decision-makers on allocation of resources. This paper reviews the disease mitigation activities during and after the SBV epidemic in the Netherlands, to illustrate the phases in surveillance when a new (vector-borne) pathogen emerges in a country or region. Immediate and short-term disease mitigation activities that were initiated after SBV was identified are discussed in detail, as well as ways to enhance future surveillance (e.g. by syndromic surveillance) and preparedness for similar disease outbreaks. By doing so, lessons learnt from the SBV epidemic will also improve surveillance for other emerging diseases in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Veldhuis
- GD Animal Health, Department of Research and Development, Deventer, the Netherlands.
| | - Jet Mars
- GD Animal Health, Department of Research and Development, Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan Stegeman
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerdien van Schaik
- GD Animal Health, Department of Research and Development, Deventer, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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9
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Pudar D, Petrić D, Allène X, Alten B, Ayhan N, Cvetkovikj A, Garros C, Goletić T, Gunay F, Hlavackova K, Ćupina AI, Kavran M, Lestinova T, Mathieu B, Mikov O, Pajović I, Rakotoarivony I, Stefanovska J, Vaselek S, Zuko A, Balenghien T. An update of the Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) checklist for the Balkans. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:462. [PMID: 30103828 PMCID: PMC6088421 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prime significance of species belonging to the genus Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is their ability to transmit viruses such as bluetongue virus (BTV) to wild and domestic ruminants. Prior to 1998, BTV was considered exotic in Europe, but according to recent history of its outbreaks, it has become endemic in southern and eastern European countries circulating beyond its expected historical limits, into the Balkan region. The wind-borne long-distance dispersal of Culicoides spp. over water bodies and local spreading between farms emphasize the necessity of filling in the information gaps regarding vector species distribution. In most Balkan countries, data on Culicoides fauna and species distribution are lacking, or information is old and scarce. RESULTS During this study, 8586 specimens belonging to 41 species were collected. We present the first faunistic data on Culicoides species in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), Kosovo, Montenegro and Serbia. For other countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria and Croatia), all historical records were compiled for the first time and then expanded with our findings to various extents. In all countries, confirmed or suspected BTV vector species belonging to the subgenera Avaritia and Culicoides were collected. The total number of species sampled during our field collections was 20 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (15 new records), 10 in Bulgaria (2 new records), 10 in Croatia (5 new records), 13 in FYROM, 9 in Kosovo, 15 in Montenegro, and 28 in Serbia. Of these, 14 species were registered for the first time in this part of the Balkans. CONCLUSIONS This paper provides the first data about Culicoides fauna in FYROM, Kosovo, Montenegro and Serbia, as well as new records and an update on the checklists for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria and Croatia. These findings provide preliminary insights into the routes of BTV introduction and spreading within the Balkans, and present a valuable contribution to further research related to Culicoides-borne diseases in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Pudar
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Phytomedicine and Plant Protection, Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dušan Petrić
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Phytomedicine and Plant Protection, Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Xavier Allène
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Bulent Alten
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ecology Division, VERG Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Beytepe-Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nazlı Ayhan
- Virology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - Aleksandar Cvetkovikj
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Claire Garros
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-97490 Sainte Clotilde, Réunion
| | - Teufik Goletić
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Zootechnics and Poultry, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Filiz Gunay
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ecology Division, VERG Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Beytepe-Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kristyna Hlavackova
- Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Charles University in Prague, 2 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleksandra Ignjatović Ćupina
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Phytomedicine and Plant Protection, Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mihaela Kavran
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Phytomedicine and Plant Protection, Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tereza Lestinova
- Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Charles University in Prague, 2 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno Mathieu
- Medicine Faculty, Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Pathology, University of Strasbourg, EA7292 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ognyan Mikov
- National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Parasitology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Igor Pajović
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Ignace Rakotoarivony
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Jovana Stefanovska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Slavica Vaselek
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Phytomedicine and Plant Protection, Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Almedina Zuko
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Thomas Balenghien
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
- IAV Hassan II, MIMC unit, Rabat, Morocco
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10
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Barber J, Harrup LE, Silk R, Veronesi E, Gubbins S, Bachanek-Bankowska K, Carpenter S. Blood-feeding, susceptibility to infection with Schmallenberg virus and phylogenetics of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the United Kingdom. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:116. [PMID: 29486789 PMCID: PMC6389053 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are responsible for the biological transmission of internationally important arboviruses of livestock. In 2011, a novel Orthobunyavirus was discovered in northern Europe causing congenital malformations and abortions in ruminants. From field studies, Culicoides were implicated in the transmission of this virus which was subsequently named Schmallenberg virus (SBV), but to date no assessment of susceptibility to infection of field populations under standardised laboratory conditions has been carried out. We assessed the influence of membrane type (chick skin, collagen, Parafilm M®) when offered in conjunction with an artificial blood-feeding system (Hemotek, UK) on field-collected Culicoides blood-feeding rates. Susceptibility to infection with SBV following blood-feeding on an SBV-blood suspension provided via either (i) the Hemotek system or via (ii) a saturated cotton wool pledglet was then compared. Schmallenberg virus susceptibility was defined by RT-qPCR of RNA extractions of head homogenates and related to Culicoides species and haplotype identifications based on the DNA barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) gene. RESULTS Culicoides blood-feeding rates were low across all membrane types tested (7.5% chick skin, 0.0% for collagen, 4.4% Parafilm M®, with 6029 female Culicoides being offered a blood meal in total). Susceptibility to infection with SBV through membrane blood-feeding (8 of 109 individuals tested) and pledglet blood-feeding (1 of 94 individuals tested) was demonstrated for the Obsoletus complex, with both C. obsoletus (Meigen) and C. scoticus Downes & Kettle susceptible to infection with SBV through oral feeding. Potential evidence of cryptic species within UK populations was found for the Obsoletus complex in phylogenetic analyses of cox1 DNA barcodes of 74 individuals assessed from a single field-site. CONCLUSIONS Methods described in this study provide the means to blood-feed Palaearctic Culicoides for vector competence studies and colonisation attempts. Susceptibility to SBV infection was 7.3% for membrane-fed members of the subgenus Avaritia and 1.1% for pledglet-fed. Both C. obsoletus and C. scoticus were confirmed as being susceptible to infection with SBV, with potential evidence of cryptic species within UK Obsoletus complex specimens, however the implications of cryptic diversity in the Obsoletus complex on arbovirus transmission remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Barber
- Vector-borne Viral Disease Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK
| | - Lara E Harrup
- Vector-borne Viral Disease Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK
| | - Rhiannon Silk
- Vector-borne Viral Disease Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK
| | - Eva Veronesi
- Vector-borne Viral Disease Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK.,National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 266a, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Gubbins
- Vector-borne Viral Disease Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Simon Carpenter
- Vector-borne Viral Disease Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, UK.
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11
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Ségard A, Gardès L, Jacquier E, Grillet C, Mathieu B, Rakotoarivony I, Setier-Rio ML, Chavernac D, Cêtre-Sossah C, Balenghien T, Garros C. Schmallenberg virus in Culicoides
Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) populations in France during 2011-2012 outbreak. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:e94-e103. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ségard
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Montpellier France
| | - L. Gardès
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Montpellier France
| | | | | | - B. Mathieu
- IPPTS, DHPI EA 7292; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | | | | | | | - C. Cêtre-Sossah
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Montpellier France
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Sainte-Clotilde La Réunion France
| | - T. Balenghien
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Montpellier France
- CIRAD; UMR ASTRE; Rabat Maroc
- Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II; Rabat Maroc
| | - C. Garros
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Montpellier France
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Sainte-Clotilde La Réunion France
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12
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Ramilo DW, Nunes T, Madeira S, Boinas F, da Fonseca IP. Geographical distribution of Culicoides (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) in mainland Portugal: Presence/absence modelling of vector and potential vector species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180606. [PMID: 28683145 PMCID: PMC5500329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases are not only accounted responsible for their burden on human health-care systems, but also known to cause economic constraints to livestock and animal production. Animals are affected directly by the transmitted pathogens and indirectly when animal movement is restricted. Distribution of such diseases depends on climatic and social factors, namely, environmental changes, globalization, trade and unplanned urbanization. Culicoides biting midges are responsible for the transmission of several pathogenic agents with relevant economic impact. Due to a fragmentary knowledge of their ecology, occurrence is difficult to predict consequently, limiting the control of these arthropod vectors. In order to understand the distribution of Culicoides species, in mainland Portugal, data collected during the National Entomologic Surveillance Program for Bluetongue disease (2005-2013), were used for statistical evaluation. Logistic regression analysis was preformed and prediction maps (per season) were obtained for vector and potentially vector species. The variables used at the present study were selected from WorldClim (two climatic variables) and CORINE databases (twenty-two land cover variables). This work points to an opposite distribution of C. imicola and species from the Obsoletus group within mainland Portugal. Such findings are evidenced in autumn, with the former appearing in Central and Southern regions. Although appearing northwards, on summer and autumn, C. newsteadi reveals a similar distribution to C. imicola. The species C. punctatus appears in all Portuguese territory throughout the year. Contrary, C. pulicaris is poorly caught in all areas of mainland Portugal, being paradoxical present near coastal areas and higher altitude regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Ramilo
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Telmo Nunes
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Madeira
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Boinas
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pereira da Fonseca
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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13
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Talavera S, Muñoz-Muñoz F, Verdún M, Pagès N. Morphology and DNA barcoding reveal three species in one: description of Culicoides cryptipulicaris sp. nov. and Culicoides quasipulicaris sp. nov. in the subgenus Culicoides. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 31:178-191. [PMID: 28370147 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Species of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are well known for their importance in the field of medical and veterinary entomology. Culicoides spp. transmit a wide variety of pathogens, primarily viruses that affect animals and humans. In Europe, the most economically important disease transmitted by Culicoides is bluetongue (BT). Culicoides spp. have been recently involved as primary vectors for Schmallenberg disease. The taxonomy within the subgenus Culicoides has been historically difficult and reorganizations have been proposed regularly. The subgenus Culicoides includes species that are considered to be potential vectors for BT. High morphological intraspecific variability has been attributed to these species. This highlights the apparent presence of previously undetected cryptic species diversity in the subgenus. In the present study, a detailed morphological and molecular study of specimens belonging to Culicoides pulicaris s.l. and specimens resembling a cross between C. pulicaris and Culicoides punctatus revealed the presence of two new species: Culicoides cryptipulicaris and Culicoides quasipulicaris. Females of C. quasipulicaris and males of both species were morphologically distinguished from C. pulicaris (Linnaeus, 1758), whereas females of C. cryptipulicaris were identified using molecular techniques exclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Talavera
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Muñoz-Muñoz
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Verdún
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Pagès
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Filatov S, Szadziewski R. Annotated checklist and distribution of Culicoidesbiting midges of Ukraine (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). J NAT HIST 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1293744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Meiswinkel R, Elbers ARW. The dying of the light: crepuscular activity in Culicoides and impact on light trap efficacy at temperate latitudes. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 30:53-63. [PMID: 26555116 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The light trap is the tool of choice for conducting large-scale Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) vector surveillance programmes. Its efficacy is in doubt, however. To assess this, hourly changes in Culicoides activity over the 24-h diel were determined comparatively by way of light trapping and aerial sweeping, and correlated against light intensity. In the Netherlands, sweeping around cattle at pasture revealed that, in early summer, Culicoides are active throughout the diel, and that their abundance peaks during the crepuscular period and falls to a low during the brightest hours of the day. By contrast, the light trap was able to accumulate Culicoides only at night (i.e. after illuminance levels had dropped to 0 lux and midge activity had begun to decline). Although Culicoides chiopterus and species of the Culicoides obsoletus complex were similarly abundant around livestock, they differed critically in their hours of peak activity, being largely diurnal and nocturnal, respectively. This polarity helps to explain why, routinely, the C. obsoletus complex dominates light trap collections and C. chiopterus does not. Inability to accumulate Culicoides at light intensity levels above 0 lux means that, at ever-higher latitudes, particularly beyond 45° N, the progressive northward lengthening of the twilight period will have an increasingly adverse impact upon the efficacy of the light trap as a vector surveillance tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A R W Elbers
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Central Veterinary Institute, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, the Netherlands
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