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Barbosa de Castro R, Badaró de Moraes JV, Costa Bressan G, de Souza Vasconcellos R, Silva-Júnior A, Lopes Rangel Fietto J. Antigens and their diagnostic performance for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis: A critical review. Vet Parasitol 2021; 301:109638. [PMID: 34920304 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is the most aggressive and lethal form of leishmaniasis manifesting in dogs and represents a major public health concern. Although there are sufficiently sensitive molecular tools for CVL diagnosis, they are not accessible at the main points of disease dissemination, in which context serodiagnosis has been used as an alternative tool on the epidemiological control. As an attempt to develop more accurate immunodiagnostic assays, many antigens have been tested over the years, on different platforms. This review aimed to access studies reporting new antigens that can be applied for CVL serodiagnosis. Articles published from January of 2016 to March of 2021 were retrieved from Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed, using "Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis" and "Serodiagnosis" as keywords. In total, 1527 articles were identified, of which 42 were selected based on exclusion factors. Sensitivity, specificity, sample size, and sample quality data were extracted by manual curation and analyzed. Of the selected articles, 26 contemplated ELISA, which enabled a more thorough comparison and a critical review of these studies. Soluble Leishmania Antigens (SLA) and the A2 protein were used as controls in 53.8 and 46.15 % of these articles, respectively, and were evaluated separately; their frequent use was questioned. Subsequently, articles that evaluated other assay platforms, such as immunochromatography, immunosensors, and others, were also reported and evaluated. Finally, data relative to validation studies of commercial kits were briefly discussed. Our results show that there are several antigens with great potential for the development of accurate diagnostic tools, but further testing is required. The critical analysis also brings insights that can be useful for more assertive diagnostic development of more robust tools for CVL serodiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa Barbosa de Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - João Victor Badaró de Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Bressan
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Raphael de Souza Vasconcellos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Abelardo Silva-Júnior
- Departamento de Veterinária, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP: 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Yimam Ayene Y, Mohebali M, Hajjaran H, Akhoundi B, Shojaee S, Rahimi-Foroushani A, Afshar MJA, Zarei Z. A comparative study of nested-PCR and direct agglutination test (DAT) for the detection of Leishmania infantum infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic domestic dogs. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:270. [PMID: 34256817 PMCID: PMC8276487 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is the main source of human visceral leishmaniosis (HVL) in Mediterranean region, including Iran and is spread from domestic dogs to Phlebotomine sand flies vectors to humans. To control the transmission of HVL, early and accurate detection of infected dogs is paramount importance despite it remains a confronting challenge. Herein, we evaluated the performance of direct agglutination test (DAT) against gold standard nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) for CVL diagnosis in symptomatic and asymptomatic domestic dogs from endemic areas of Iran. Results Venous blood samples were collected from dogs without clinical signs (n = 30) and with clinical signs (n = 35) suggestive of Leishmania infantum infection. Among 65 samples examined, Leishmania DNA was detected by nested-PCR in 89.23% (58/65). Furthermore, 86.15% (56/65) nested-PCR positive samples were also DAT positive. The results of the DAT sensitivity test were 96.43% and 96.67% in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs, respectively, while the specificity was 100.00% and 60.00% in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs, respectively. The results of this study also pointed out substantial concordance between DAT test and nested-PCR method in both symptomatic dogs (Κ = 0.783; P < 0.001) and asymptomatic dogs (Κ = 0.618; P < 0.001). Thus, DAT represents as a simple and economic tool for initial diagnosis of CVL particularly in endemic areas of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Yimam Ayene
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Centers for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Homa Hajjaran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Akhoundi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shojaee
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi-Foroushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Abbaszadeh Afshar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Z Zarei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mhadhbi M, Chaabouni A, Bouabid C, Sassi A. Relationships between specific antibody responses and clinical signs of dogs living in Tunisian endemic areas of canine leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum. Acta Trop 2021; 218:105906. [PMID: 33775627 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The first step of the diagnostic process of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is initiated by veterinarians and relies on their assessment of a high number of clinical signs common to other infectious diseases. We investigated herein the relationship between the clinical profile of 64 domestic dogs living in Tunisian endemic areas and their serological immune status with the aim to identify leishmanial serological markers of diagnosis and disease staging. Seven clinical signs were examined and a total clinical score that describes the number (TCS1) and the number plus the intensity of the clinical signs (TCS2) were determined. Laboratory tests consisted of parasitological examination (PE) of Giemsa-stained popliteal lymph node smears, indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), IgG-, IgG1-, IgG2-Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent-Assay (ELISA), and IgG1-, IgG2- Western blotting (WB). Dogs' categorization according to the results of routine diagnostic tests, the TCS1 and TCS2, and the relative IgG1 and IgG2 specific reactivity allowed us to show that active CanL is characterized by an increased reactivity of the IgG2 specific antibodies. Interestingly, the IgG1 levels increased in parallel with the TCS1 and especially with the TCS2, indicating that this isotype is a better marker of dogs' health deterioration. PE & IFAT positive dogs which presented the highest TCS2 and IgG1 reactivity demonstrated significantly more severe weight loss and paleness of the mucosal membranes, suggesting that these signs characterize the latest stages of the disease. WB analysis showed that threeleishmanial polypeptides merit attention and further investigations. The antigens with MWs 32kDa reacting with IgG1 and 37kDa reacting withIgG2 antibodies were found associated with the results of diagnostic tests and late CanL stages, whereas the 24kDa antigen reacting with the IgG2 isotype and associated with low TCS2 seems to be a marker of the early stages.
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Pereira JC, Dos Santos Sousa P, De Souza LMB, Pasquali AKS, Bates M, Bates P, Thomaz Soccol V. The efficacy of recombinant protein lbk39 for the diagnosis of leishmaniosis in dogs. Parasitology 2021; 148:302-310. [PMID: 33070782 PMCID: PMC11010170 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020001997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases on the planet and dogs are the main reservoir of canine visceral leishmaniosis (CVL) in endemic areas. They play an important role in human infection because in dogs the disease appears long time after infection, and they can move uncontrollably, contributing to disperse the parasite. To take the decision to treat the animals or for euthanasia, in an elimination programme, in order to reduce the parasitic load, it is necessary to diagnose correctly, having more effective tools. Our group has developed a new recombinant antigen-based kinesin-related gene of Leishmania braziliensis (Lbk39), which shows 59% amino acid identity to the L. infantum homologue. The Lbk39 gene was synthesized, inserted into the pLEXSY-sat2 vector and transfected into L. tarentolae cells by electroporation. The recombinant protein was secreted in the culture with a C-terminal histidine marker, purified, generating a product at 337.68 μg mL-1. A total of 152 sera from dog's endemic and non-endemic areas were used, being 78 positives and 75 negatives. The antigen Lbk39 showed 100% sensitivity and 96.1% specificity. We compared this antigen with other antigens such as total extract of the parasite, TRDPP, and our data indicate that Lbk39 has potential application in the diagnosis of CVL through antibody detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Carvalho Pereira
- Federal University of Paraná, Post-graduate Course in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Polytechnic Centre, Jardim das Américas, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Pedro Dos Santos Sousa
- Federal University of Paraná, Post-graduate Course in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Polytechnic Centre, Jardim das Américas, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ligia Moraes Barizon De Souza
- Federal University of Paraná, Post-graduate Course in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Polytechnic Centre, Jardim das Américas, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aline Kuhn Sbruzzi Pasquali
- Federal University of Paraná, Post-graduate Course in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Polytechnic Centre, Jardim das Américas, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michelle Bates
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Paul Bates
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Vanete Thomaz Soccol
- Federal University of Paraná, Post-graduate Course in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Polytechnic Centre, Jardim das Américas, CEP 81530-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Crupi R, Gugliandolo E, Siracusa R, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, Di Paola R, Britti D, Cuzzocrea S. N-acetyl-L-cysteine reduces Leishmania amazonensis-induced inflammation in BALB/c mice. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:13. [PMID: 31931804 PMCID: PMC6958694 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-2234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmaniasis is a emergent disease characterized by different clinical manifestations in both humans and dogs. Predominant clinical features of cutaneous leishmaniasis are ulcerative painless skin lesions. Several data reported that pain is associated with human and dog leishmaniasis, out with areas of painless ulcerative lesions per se. Actually, current medications used for leishmaniasis management are characterized by several side effects and, in addition, some cases of the disease are refractory to the treatment. On this background it is mandatory the identification of new and safe candidates for designing less toxic and low-cost remedies. Therefore, the search for new leishmanicidal compounds is indispensable. Methods In the present paper we investigated the effect of orally N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) supplementation at dose of 200 mg/Kg for 10 weeks, in subcutaneous Leishmania (L). amazonensis infected BALB/c mice. And evaluating the effect of NAC on inflammatory response such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β levels, and on thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia. Results In the present paper we showed how NAC supplementation affected parameters of oxidative stress (GSH, MDA, SOD), inflammation such as cytokines levels (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα) and mast cell activation and consequently on induced pain, during leishmaniosis in BALB\c mice. Conclusions The findings of our study provided the scientific data demonstrating that L. amazonensis infection induces inflammation and pain in BALB/c mice that are reversed by administration of NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- a C.I.S. - Interdepartmental Services Centre of Veterinary for Human and Animal Health, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres n°31, 98166, Messina, Italy. .,Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA.
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Ribeiro VM, Miranda JB, Marcelino AP, de Andrade HM, Reis IA, Cardoso MS, Gontijo CMF, Paz GF. Performance of different serological tests in the diagnosis of natural infection by Leishmania infantum in dogs. Vet Parasitol 2019; 274:108920. [PMID: 31493694 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis caused by the parasite Leishmania infantum and the dog is its main reservoir in rural and urban areas. The diagnosis of infection is mainly based on the presence of anti-Leishmania IgG antibodies in the serum of infected dogs. In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of qualitative rapid tests (RTs) dual path platform (DPP) Bio-Manguinhos, rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IDEXX, Kalazar Detect and ALERE, as well as quantitative ELISA Bio-Manguinhos and in-house indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) tests were analyzed in sera from infected and uninfected dogs. Serial dilutions of the in-house IFA were compared with RTs and ELISA Bio-Manguinhos. The results showed that none of the tests reached 100% sensitivity and specificity. There was no statistical difference between the analyzed RTs. The most sensitive test was the DPP Bio-Manguinhos (97.9%), while the rapid ELISA IDEXX showed higher specificity (100%). In the treatment setting of infected and/or diseased animals, quantitative tests for monitoring the evolution of antibody titers are required, which indicates the maintenance of in-house IFA in animal handling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the RTs present higher sensitivity in serum samples with superior antibody titers obtained in the in-house IFA. However, the RTs exhibited false negatives in samples with low titers of antibodies. Among the RTs, only the DPP Bio-Manguinhos presented better performance in this situation. Therefore, the use of RTs for the diagnosis of VL in dogs with low titers of antibodies, such as asymptomatic, should be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Márcio Ribeiro
- Santo Agostinho Hospital Veterinário, 30180-003, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Escola de Veterinária, PUC Minas, 32604-115, Betim, Brazil; Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Julia Bahia Miranda
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Andreza Pain Marcelino
- Serviço de Doenças Parasitárias, Divisão de Epidemiologia e Controle de Doenças, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, 30510-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Hélida Monteiro de Andrade
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ilka Afonso Reis
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Estatística, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Santos Cardoso
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Célia Maria Ferreira Gontijo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Fontes Paz
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Casein-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles for Amperometric Detection of Leishmania infantum. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2019; 9:bios9020068. [PMID: 31137793 PMCID: PMC6627895 DOI: 10.3390/bios9020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive and reliable approaches targeting the detection of Leishmania are critical for effective early diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis. In this frame, this paper describes a rapid quantification assay to detect Leishmania parasites based on the combination of the electrocatalytic ability of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to act as a catalyst for the hydrogen formation reaction along with the specificity of the interaction between casein and the major surface protease of the Leishmania parasite, GP63. First, pure and casein-modified AuNPs were prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Then, casein-conjugated AuNPs were incubated with Leishsmania parasites in solution; the formed complex was collected by centrifugation, treated by acidic solution, and the pelleted AuNPs were placed on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) and chronoamperometric measurements were carried out. Our results suggest that it is possible to detect Leishmania parasites, with a limit less than 1 parasite/mL. A linear response over a wide concentration interval, ranging from 2 × 10-2 to 2 × 105 parasites/mL, was achieved. Additionally, a pretreatment of Leishmania parasites with Amphotericin B, diminished their interaction with casein. This findings and methodology are very useful for drug efficacy assessment.
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Teixeira AIP, Silva DM, Vital T, Nitz N, de Carvalho BC, Hecht M, Oliveira D, Oliveira E, Rabello A, Romero GAS. Improving the reference standard for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis: a challenge for current and future tests. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2019; 114:e180452. [PMID: 30726343 PMCID: PMC6358009 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies aimed at validating canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnostic tests present heterogeneous results regarding test accuracy, partly due to divergences in reference standards used and different infection evolution periods in animals. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the rapid test-dual path platform (TR-DPP) (Biomanguinhos®), EIE-Leishmaniose-Visceral-Canina-Biomanguinhos (EIE-LVC) (Biomanguinhos®), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) rK39 (in-house), and the direct agglutination test (DAT-Canis) against a reference standard comprising parasitological and molecular techniques. METHODS A phase II/III validation study was carried out in sample sera from 123 predominantly asymptomatic dogs living in an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis. FINDINGS Sixty-nine (56.1%) animals were considered infected according to the reference standard. For each test, the sensitivity and specificity, respectively, were as follows: TR-DPP, 21.74% [confidence interval (CI)95% 13.64% to 32.82%] and 92.59% (CI95% 82.45% to 97.08%); EIE-LVC, 11.59% (CI95% 5.9% to 21.25%) and 90.74% (CI95% 80.09% to 95.98%); ELISA rK39, 37.68% (CI95% 27.18% to 49.48%) and 83.33% (CI95% 71.26% to 90.98%); and DAT-Canis, 18.84% (CI95% 11.35% to 29.61%) and 96.30% (CI95% 87.46% to 98.98%). CONCLUSION We concluded that improving the sensitivity of serum testing for diagnosing asymptomatic dogs must constitute a priority in the process of developing new diagnostic tests to be used in the visceral leishmaniasis control program in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tamires Vital
- Universidade de Brasília, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Nadjar Nitz
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | | | - Mariana Hecht
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Diana Oliveira
- Grupo de Pesquisas Clínicas e Políticas Públicas em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Edward Oliveira
- Grupo de Pesquisas Clínicas e Políticas Públicas em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Ana Rabello
- Grupo de Pesquisas Clínicas e Políticas Públicas em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Travi BL, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Dantas-Torres F, Miró G. Canine visceral leishmaniasis: Diagnosis and management of the reservoir living among us. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006082. [PMID: 29324838 PMCID: PMC5764232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews essential topics of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) due to Leishmania infantum infection. It focuses on the current serological and molecular diagnostic methods used in epidemiological research and veterinary clinics to diagnose CVL and includes new point-of-care (POC) tests under development. The efficacy of different treatment regimens on the clinical improvement and infectiousness of dogs is also addressed. In the last section, the review provides a critical appraisal of the effectiveness of different control measures that have been implemented to curb disease transmission. Dogs are the principal reservoir hosts of L. infantum and consequently play a critical role in the transmission cycle of urban VL, which also affects humans. This review provides updated information on important topics such as diagnostic tests and dog treatments that improve dog health and decrease their transmission efficacy to insect vectors. A critical review of control measures is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno L. Travi
- Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Parasite Disease Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Guadalupe Miró
- Veterinary Faculty, Animal Health Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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García VS, Gonzalez VD, Gugliotta L, Burna A, Demonte A, Arias DG, Cabeza MS, Guerrero SA. Development of a simple and economical diagnostic test for canine leishmaniasis. Exp Parasitol 2017; 182:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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