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Özel Y, Çavuş İ, Yilmaz U, Tokay F, Bağdat S, Özbilgin A, Ünlü M, Vardar Ünlü G. [Investigation of Cytotoxic and Antileishmanial Activity of Hybrid Silver Nanoparticle Complexes: Potential Drug Candidates against Leishmania Species]. MIKROBIYOL BUL 2024; 58:182-195. [PMID: 38676585 DOI: 10.5578/mb.202498184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, isolation of resistant Leishmania species to drugs in use has made it necessary to search alternative molecules that may be drug candidates. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and in vitro antileishmanial activity of hybrid silver nanoparticle (AgNP) complexes. In this study, three types of nanoparticles (NPs), oxidized amylose-silver (OA-Ag) NPs, oxidized amylose-curcumin (OA-Cur) NPs and oxidized amylose-curcumin-silver (OA-CurAgNP) nanoparticles were synthesized. The cytotoxic activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was determined against L929 mouse fibroblasts and the in vitro antileishmanial activity was determined against Leishmania tropica, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani isolates by the broth microdilution method. It was observed that the hybrid OA-CurAgNP complex obtained by combining curcumin and silver nanoparticles showed cytotoxic effects against L929 mouse fibroblasts at concentrations of 1074 µg/mL and above. IC50 values expressing the antileishmanial activity of the hybrid OA-CurAgNP complex against L.tropica, L.infantum and L.donovani isolates, were found to vary between 95-121 µg/mL, 202-330 µg/mL and 210-254 µg/mL, respectively. Resistance development has emerged as a major challenge in the treatment of leishmaniasis in recent times. Metallic nanoparticles are considered excellent candidates for medical applications due to their chemical and physical properties, as well as their prolonged circulation in the body. The current drugs used for leishmaniasis treatment are highly toxic, while nanoparticles offer advantages such as low toxicity and easy cellular uptake due to their nanoscale dimensions. The identification of strong efficacy in these particles may contribute scientific evidence for their potential use in leishmaniasis treatment. Therefore, the therapeutical value of OA-CurAgNP complex alone in combination with existing drugs should be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yener Özel
- Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Balıkesir, Türkiye
| | - İbrahim Çavuş
- Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Parasitology, Manisa, Türkiye
| | - Umut Yilmaz
- Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Balıkesir, Türkiye
| | - Feyzullah Tokay
- Balıkesir University Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Balıkesir, Türkiye
| | - Sema Bağdat
- Balıkesir University Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Balıkesir, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Özbilgin
- Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Parasitology, Manisa, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Ünlü
- Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Balıkesir, Türkiye
| | - Gülhan Vardar Ünlü
- Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Balıkesir, Türkiye
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Jézéquel G, Cardoso LNDF, Olivon F, Dennemont I, Apel C, Litaudon M, Roussi F, Pomel S, Desrat S. Synthesis and Anti-Leishmanial Properties of Quinolones Derived from Zanthosimuline. Molecules 2022; 27:7892. [PMID: 36431992 PMCID: PMC9693141 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoline derivatives and especially quinolones are considered as privileged structures in medicinal chemistry and are often associated with various biological properties. We recently isolated a series of original monoterpenyl quinolones from the bark of Codiaeum peltatum. As this extract was found to have a significant inhibitory activity against a Leishmania species, we decided to study the anti-leishmanial potential of this type of compound. Leishmaniasis is a serious health problem affecting more than 12 million people in the world. Available drugs cause harmful side effects and resistance for some of them. With the aim of finding anti-leishmanial compounds, we developed a synthetic strategy to access natural quinolones and analogues derived from zanthosimuline. We showed the versatility of this natural compound toward cyclization conditions, leading to various polycyclic quinolone-derived structures. The natural and synthetic compounds were evaluated against amastigote forms of Leishmania infantum. The results obtained confirmed the interest of this family of natural compounds but also revealed promising activities for some intermediates deriving from zanthosimuline. Following the same synthetic strategy, we then prepared 14 new analogues. In this work, we identified two promising molecules with good activities against intramacrophage L. infantum amastigotes without any cytotoxicity. We also showed that slight changes in amide functional groups affect drastically their anti-parasitic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Jézéquel
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Florent Olivon
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Indira Dennemont
- CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Cécile Apel
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc Litaudon
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fanny Roussi
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sébastien Pomel
- CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sandy Desrat
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Clementino LDC, Fernandes GFS, Prokopczyk IM, Laurindo WC, Toyama D, Motta BP, Baviera AM, Henrique-Silva F, dos Santos JL, Graminha MAS. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of N-oxide derivatives with potent in vivo antileishmanial activity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259008. [PMID: 34723989 PMCID: PMC8559926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that affects 12 million people living mainly in developing countries. Herein, 24 new N-oxide-containing compounds were synthesized followed by in vitro and in vivo evaluation of their antileishmanial activity. Compound 4f, a furoxan derivative, was particularly remarkable in this regard, with EC50 value of 3.6 μM against L. infantum amastigote forms and CC50 value superior to 500 μM against murine peritoneal macrophages. In vitro studies suggested that 4f may act by a dual effect, by releasing nitric oxide after biotransformation and by inhibiting cysteine protease CPB (IC50: 4.5 μM). In vivo studies using an acute model of infection showed that compound 4f at 7.7 mg/Kg reduced ~90% of parasite burden in the liver and spleen of L. infantum-infected BALB/c mice. Altogether, these outcomes highlight furoxan 4f as a promising compound for further evaluation as an antileishmanial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro da Costa Clementino
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Brazil
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Felipe Santos Fernandes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Brazil
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Wilquer Castro Laurindo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Brazil
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Danyelle Toyama
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pereira Motta
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Amanda Martins Baviera
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique-Silva
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Jean Leandro dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
- * E-mail: (JLS); (MASG)
| | - Marcia A. S. Graminha
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
- * E-mail: (JLS); (MASG)
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Bulté D, Van Bockstal L, Dirkx L, Van den Kerkhof M, De Trez C, Timmermans JP, Hendrickx S, Maes L, Caljon G. Miltefosine enhances infectivity of a miltefosine-resistant Leishmania infantum strain by attenuating its innate immune recognition. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009622. [PMID: 34292975 PMCID: PMC8330912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Miltefosine (MIL) is currently the only oral drug available to treat visceral leishmaniasis but its use as first-line monotherapy has been compromised by an increasing treatment failure. Despite the scarce number of resistant clinical isolates, MIL-resistance by mutations in a single aminophospholipid transporter gene can easily be selected in a laboratory environment. These mutations result in a reduced survival in the mammalian host, which can partially be restored by exposure to MIL, suggesting a kind of drug-dependency. Methodology/Principal findings To enable a combined study of the infection dynamics and underlying immunological events for differential in vivo survival, firefly luciferase (PpyRE9) / red fluorescent protein (DsRed) double-reporter strains were generated of MIL-resistant (MIL-R) and syngeneic MIL-sensitive (MIL-S) Leishmania infantum. Results in C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mice show that MIL-R parasites induce an increased innate immune response that is characterized by enhanced influx and infection of neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells in the liver and elevated serum IFN-γ levels, finally resulting in a less efficient establishment in liver macrophages. The elevated IFN-γ levels were shown to originate from an increased response of hepatic NK and NKT cells to the MIL-R parasites. In addition, we demonstrated that MIL could increase the in vivo fitness of MIL-R parasites by lowering NK and NKT cell activation, leading to a reduced IFN-γ production. Conclusions/Significance Differential induction of innate immune responses in the liver was found to underlie the attenuated phenotype of a MIL-R parasite and its peculiar feature of drug-dependency. The impact of MIL on hepatic NK and NKT activation and IFN-γ production following recognition of a MIL-R strain indicates that this mechanism may sustain infections with resistant parasites and contribute to treatment failure. Visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that is fatal if left untreated. Miltefosine is currently the only oral drug available but is increasingly failing to cure patients, resulting in its discontinuation as first-line drug in some endemic areas. To understand these treatment failures, we investigated the complex interplay of the parasite with the host immune system in the presence and absence of miltefosine. Our data indicate that miltefosine-resistant Leishmania parasites become severely hampered in their in vivo infectivity, which could be attributed to the induction of a pronounced innate immune response. Interestingly, the infection deficit was partially restored in the presence of miltefosine. Our results further indicate that miltefosine can exacerbate infections with resistant parasites by reducing innate immune recognition. This study provides new insights into the complex interplay between parasite, drug and host and discloses an immune-related mechanism of treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Bulté
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lieselotte Van Bockstal
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Laura Dirkx
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Magali Van den Kerkhof
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Carl De Trez
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Immunology (CMIM), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- University of Antwerp, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Cell biology & Histology, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sarah Hendrickx
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Wilrijk, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Monteiro M, Prata S, Cardoso L, Pereira da Fonseca I, Leal RO. Diagnosis and clinical management of canine leishmaniosis by general veterinary practitioners: a questionnaire-based survey in Portugal. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:306. [PMID: 34099039 PMCID: PMC8182999 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) can be appropriately managed following international recommendations. However, few studies have assessed the preferred protocols in real-life veterinary practice and whether these are in line with the guidelines. This survey aimed to investigate the current trends in the clinical management of CanL among veterinary practitioners in Portugal, taking into consideration different scenarios of infection/disease and the awareness of and application by veterinary practitioners of the current guidelines. METHODS A questionnaire-based survey was conducted online using an electronic platform. The following topics were surveyed: (i) general characteristics of the responding veterinarian; (ii) the preferred protocols used for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of CanL, considering different theoretical scenarios of infection/disease; and (iii) the responding veterinarian's current knowledge and application of the existing guidelines on CanL. After internal validation, the survey was distributed online, for 2 months, via Portuguese social network veterinary groups. Data were collected for descriptive analysis. RESULTS Eighty-six replies were obtained. Analysis of the results showed that the preferred diagnostic techniques varied widely according to the theoretical scenario of infection/disease. In general daily practice, serology testing (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) was the most used tool (67.4%). The preferred matrices used for PCR test were lymph nodes (62.3%) and/or bone marrow (59.0%). Regarding treatment, for subclinical infection/stage I CanL, 51.2% of the respondents did not prescribe any medical treatment, but 98.8% proceeded with both monitoring and preventive measures. Among those who prescribed a treatment (n = 42), most chose domperidone (47.6%). For the treament of stages IIa, IIb and III CanL, allopurinol/meglumine antimoniate (MA) was chosen by 69.8, 73.3 and 51.2% of respondents, respectively, followed by allopurinol/miltefosine (20.9, 19.8 and 38.4%, respectively). In contrast, dogs with stage IV CanL were mostly treated with allopurinol/miltefosine (48.8%) rather than with allopurinol/MA (23.3%). The use of repellents was the preferred preventive strategy (98.8%). About 93.0% of responders were aware of the existence of guidelines, and most of these veterinarians consulted the guidelines of the LeishVet group and the Canine Leishmaniosis Working Group; however, 31.3% reported that they did not follow any specific recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Of the veterinarians responding to the survey, most reported following international guidelines for the clinical management of CanL. While allopurinol/MA was the preferred therapeutic protocol for the treatment of stages II/III CanL, allopurinol/miltefosine was the first choice for the treatment of stage IV CanL, possibly due to the unpredictable effect of MA on renal function. This study contributes to a better understanding of the trends in practical approaches to the treatment of CanL in Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Monteiro
- Hospital Escolar Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Prata
- Hospital Escolar Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Cardoso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, and Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-Os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pereira da Fonseca
- Hospital Escolar Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rodolfo Oliveira Leal
- Hospital Escolar Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Revuelto A, de Lucio H, García-Soriano JC, Sánchez-Murcia PA, Gago F, Jiménez-Ruiz A, Camarasa MJ, Velázquez S. Efficient Dimerization Disruption of Leishmania infantum Trypanothione Reductase by Triazole-phenyl-thiazoles. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6137-6160. [PMID: 33945281 PMCID: PMC8480782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of Leishmania infantum trypanothione disulfide reductase (LiTryR) by disruption of its homodimeric interface has proved to be an alternative and unexploited strategy in the search for novel antileishmanial agents. Proof of concept was first obtained by peptides and peptidomimetics. Building on previously reported dimerization disruptors containing an imidazole-phenyl-thiazole scaffold, we now report a new 1,2,3-triazole-based chemotype that yields noncompetitive, slow-binding inhibitors of LiTryR. Several compounds bearing (poly)aromatic substituents dramatically improve the ability to disrupt LiTryR dimerization relative to reference imidazoles. Molecular modeling studies identified an almost unexplored hydrophobic region at the interfacial domain as the putative binding site for these compounds. A subsequent structure-based design led to a symmetrical triazole analogue that displayed even more potent inhibitory activity over LiTryR and enhanced leishmanicidal activity. Remarkably, several of these novel triazole-bearing compounds were able to kill both extracellular and intracellular parasites in cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Revuelto
- Instituto
de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), c/ Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor de Lucio
- Departamento
de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad
de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pedro A. Sánchez-Murcia
- Área
de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas,
Unidad Asociada al IQM-CSIC, Universidad
de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Gago
- Área
de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas,
Unidad Asociada al IQM-CSIC, Universidad
de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Jiménez-Ruiz
- Departamento
de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad
de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-José Camarasa
- Instituto
de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), c/ Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Velázquez
- Instituto
de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), c/ Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Ferreira RAA, Junior CDOR, Martinez PDG, Koovits PJ, Soares BM, Ferreira LLG, Michelan-Duarte S, Chelucci RC, Andricopulo AD, Galuppo MK, Uliana SRB, Matheeussen A, Caljon G, Maes L, Campbell S, Kratz JM, Mowbray CE, Dias LC. 2-aminobenzimidazoles for leishmaniasis: From initial hit discovery to in vivo profiling. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009196. [PMID: 33617566 PMCID: PMC7932521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a major infectious disease with hundreds of thousands of new cases and over 20,000 deaths each year. The current drugs to treat this life-threatening infection have several drawbacks such as toxicity and long treatment regimens. A library of 1.8 million compounds, from which the hits reported here are publicly available, was screened against Leishmania infantum as part of an optimization program; a compound was found with a 2-aminobenzimidazole functionality presenting moderate potency, low metabolic stability and high lipophilicity. Several rounds of synthesis were performed to incorporate chemical groups capable of reducing lipophilicity and clearance, leading to the identification of compounds that are active against different parasite strains and have improved in vitro properties. As a result of this optimization program, a group of compounds was further tested in anticipation of in vivo evaluation. In vivo tests were carried out with compounds 29 (L. infantum IC50: 4.1 μM) and 39 (L. infantum IC50: 0.5 μM) in an acute L. infantum VL mouse model, which showed problems of poor exposure and lack of efficacy, despite the good in vitro potency. Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting millions of people worldwide and, in the case of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), is potentially fatal if untreated. Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania spp. are the causative agents of leishmaniasis, which has different clinical manifestations, including the visceral form and a cutaneous form that causes disfiguring skin lesions. The current treatment options are limited either by the length of treatment or toxic side effects. Starting from a promising hit in an in vitro phenotypic screen, hundreds of analogues were synthesized with the aim of finding a molecule capable of killing the parasite whilst causing little or no harm to the patient. The program led to several active compounds with good in vitro activity against L. infantum intracellular amastigotes, however, in vivo data showed low parasiticidal efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul John Koovits
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo L. G. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Michelan-Duarte
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Consolin Chelucci
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano D. Andricopulo
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana K. Galuppo
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia R. B. Uliana
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - An Matheeussen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Simon Campbell
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jadel M. Kratz
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Luiz Carlos Dias
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Ramos GS, Vallejos VMR, Ladeira MS, Reis PG, Souza DM, Machado YA, Ladeira LO, Pinheiro MBV, Melo MN, Fujiwara RT, Frézard F. Antileishmanial activity of fullerol and its liposomal formulation in experimental models of visceral leishmaniasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111120. [PMID: 33341671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a systemic parasitic disease that leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. There is a great need to develop new drugs and novel strategies to make chemotherapy for this disease more efficacious and well tolerated. Recent reports on the immunomodulatory effects and the low toxicity of the spherical carbon nanostructure fullerol led us to investigate in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity in free and encapsulated forms in liposomes. When assayed against intramacrophagic Leishmania amastigotes, fullerol showed a dose-dependent reduction of the infection index with IC50 of 0.042 mg/mL. When given daily by i.p. route for 20 days (0.05 mg/kg/d) in a murine model of acute VL, fullerol promoted significant reduction in the liver parasite load. To improve the delivery of fullerol to the infection sites, liposomal formulations were prepared by the dehydration-rehydration method. When evaluated in the acute VL model, liposomal fullerol (Lip-Ful) formulations given i.p. at 0.05 and 0.2 mg/kg with 4-days intervals were more effective than the free form, with significant parasite reductions in both liver and spleen. Lip-Ful at 0.2 mg/kg promoted complete parasite elimination in the liver. The antileishmanial activity of Lip-Ful was further confirmed in a chronic model of VL. Lip-Ful was also found to induce secretion of pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-1β cytokines. In conclusion, this work reports for the first time the antileishmanial activity of fullerol and introduces an innovative approach for treatment of VL based on the association of this nanostructure with liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme S Ramos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Virgínia M R Vallejos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marina S Ladeira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscila G Reis
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel M Souza
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yuri A Machado
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz O Ladeira
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maurício B V Pinheiro
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria N Melo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T Fujiwara
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Frédéric Frézard
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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9
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Cabrera N, Mora JR, Márquez E, Flores-Morales V, Calle L, Cortés E. QSAR and molecular docking modelling of anti-leishmanial activities of organic selenium and tellurium compounds. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2021; 32:29-50. [PMID: 33241943 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2020.1848914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis affects mainly rural areas and the poorest people in the world. A computational study of the antileishmanial activity of organic selenium and tellurium compounds was performed. The 3D structures of the compounds were optimized at the wb97xd/lanl2dz level and used in the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. The antileishmanial activity was measured by L. donovani β carbonic anhydrase inhibition (Ki) and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against L. infantum amastigotes. The dataset was divided into training (75%) and test sets (25%) by using a k-means clustering algorithm. For pKi prediction, model M3 with seven 3D topographic descriptors was characterized by the following statistical parameters: r 2 = 0.879, Q 2 LOO = 0.822, and Q 2 ext = 0.840. For pIC50 prediction, model M12 with six attributes was characterized by the following statistical parameters: r 2 = 0.907, Q 2 LOO = 0.824, and Q 2 ext = 0.795. Both models met all the requirements of Tropsha´s test, which implies predictions of pIC50 and pKi activities with high accuracy. Concomitantly, favourable interactions of the sulphonamide group with the Zn atom in the protein were revealed by the docking analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cabrera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX, USA
| | - J R Mora
- Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad San Francisco de Quito , Quito, Ecuador
| | - E Márquez
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Química y Biología, Departamento de Química y Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad del Norte , Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - V Flores-Morales
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Asimétrica y Bioenergética (LSAyB), Ingeniería Química (UACQ), Program of Doctorate in Sciences with Orientation in Molecular Medicine, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - L Calle
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud Integral (ISAIN), Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil , Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - E Cortés
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de la Costa , Barranquilla, Colombia
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10
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Medkour H, Bitam I, Laidoudi Y, Lafri I, Lounas A, Hamidat HK, Mekroud A, Varloud M, Davoust B, Mediannikov O. Potential of Artesunate in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum: Efficacy evidence from a randomized field trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008947. [PMID: 33338041 PMCID: PMC7781483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is among the world’s most neglected diseases. Dogs are the main reservoirs/hosts of Leishmania infantum, causative agent of both canine and human visceral leishmaniosis. Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) represents a public health problem as one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases worldwide. Current therapeutics present drawbacks; thus, there is a need for more effective, safer, and cheaper drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare the efficacy of oral administration of artesunate or meglumine antimoniate/allopurinol in dogs with clinical leishmaniasis. Forty-two dogs with naturally occurring clinical leishmaniasis were included in this open-label, simple randomized positive-control clinical field trial with 6 months of follow-up. Dogs received meglumine antimoniate 100 mg/kg/day and allopurinol 30 mg/kg/day for 28 days (control group, n = 26) or artesunate 25 mg/kg/day for 6 days (test group, n = 16). The animals were evaluated for their clinical evolution, parasite load (by qPCR) and humoral response at different time points: 0, 30, 90, and 180 days after treatment. Data analyses showed a significant improvement in both groups in clinical scores, parasitemia and antibody titers after treatment. Compared to the control group, the artesunate group showed significantly lower clinical score (P = 0.0001), lower parasitemia (P = 0.0001) and antibody titers after 6 months of follow-up. Compared to baseline values, a rapid, significant reduction (P < 0.012) in antibody levels, 2.28- versus 3.04-fold for the control versus artesunate groups, respectively, was observed 30 days after treatment. Antibody levels continued to decrease further in the artesunate group, where 58% of cases became seronegative at the 6-month follow-up. All qPCR-positive dogs were negative after treatment with artesunate, while 14.3% remained positive with the appearance of two new cases in the control group. Artesunate was well tolerated, and no side effects were recorded. Treatment failures were similar in both groups with 27.27% (6/22), including 18.18% (4/22) mortality in the control group, versus 26.66% (4/15), including 13.33% (2/15) mortality in the artesunate group. This is the first report showing the potential of artesunate in the treatment of dogs with clinical leishmaniasis. Artesunate showed higher efficacy than the current first-line treatment for CanL without any adverse effects. It could be a good alternative chemotherapy for CanL, and may be considered for further studies in human leishmaniases. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings, to determine if there are relapses after treatment and if dogs remain infective to sandflies, to define the ideal therapeutic dosage and duration of treatment with artesunate. Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a fatal, zoonotic vector-borne disease caused by Leishmania infantum, a common pathogen for both humans and dogs. Most CanL therapeutics are toxic, expensive, or ineffective. Artemisinin and derivatives have recently demonstrated potent antileishmanial activity in vitro and in experimental models. In this study, dogs with clinical leishmaniasis were randomly included in one of the treatment groups: meglumine antimoniate/allopurinol (control) or artesunate (alternative). Dogs were followed up for 6 months for their clinical score, parasitemia and Leishmania antibody levels. Both groups showed improved clinical scores, parasitemia and antibody titers after treatment. After six months of follow-up, treatment success was very similar in both groups, and 72.73% (16/22) of the controls versus 73.34% (11/15) in the artesunate group had clinical improvement. All dogs initially seropositive by PCR became negative after artesunate treatment, while 14.3% remained positive with the appearance of new cases in the control group. Antibody titers decreased rapidly (from day 30) from baseline especially in the artesunate group, where 58% of the dogs converted to seronegative after 6 months. Artesunate could be a good alternative for treatment of leishmaniasis. Additional clinical trials are needed to obtain more data on this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacène Medkour
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute, University Constantine 1, El Khroub, Algeria
| | - Idir Bitam
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- Superior School of Food Sciences and Food Industries of Algiers, Algeria
| | - Younes Laidoudi
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute, University Constantine 1, El Khroub, Algeria
| | - Ismail Lafri
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Blida 1, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biotechnology related to Animal Reproduction (LBRA), University of Blida, Blida, Algeria
| | - Abdelaziz Lounas
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Blida 1, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biotechnology related to Animal Reproduction (LBRA), University of Blida, Blida, Algeria
| | - Hamza Karim Hamidat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Boumerdes, Algeria
| | - Abdeslam Mekroud
- PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute, University Constantine 1, El Khroub, Algeria
| | | | - Bernard Davoust
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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11
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Yimam Y, Mohebali M. Effectiveness of insecticide-impregnated dog collars in reducing incidence rate of canine visceral leishmaniasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238601. [PMID: 32881961 PMCID: PMC7470253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Canines are proven reservoir hosts of Leishmania infantum, the causative agent of human zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis, and therefore domestic dogs play a central role in transmitting the disease to humans. Studies on the effect of insecticide-impregnated dog collars for controlling canine visceral leishmaniasis (CanL) have been increasing; however, meta-analysis has not been conducted. This study assessed the effectiveness of insecticide-impregnated dog collars for preventing CanL. We searched (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Ovid Medline(R), and Cochrane library), from inception until 2 May 2020. Two authors independently performed articles screening and data extraction. We applied the RoB 2.0 tool to evaluate the risk of bias in randomized trials, while the ROBINS-I tool was used for non-randomized trials. I-squared statistics(I2) and funnel plot and Egger’s test, respectively, were used to assesses heterogeneity between studies and publication bias. Relative Risk (RR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were calculated using the random-effects model in Stata 14 software. Out of 242 citations identified, 14 studies comprising 3786 collared dogs and 3428 uncollared dogs were eligible for meta-analysis. The use of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars(DMC) showed an overall effectiveness of 54% (95%CI: 35–65%, I2 = 63.2%, P = 0.002) in decreasing incidence of CanL, while 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% flumethrin collars provided an overall effectiveness of 90% (95%CI: 80–96%, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.376). DMC efficacy stratified by follow-up duration was estimated to be 58% (RR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.20–0.87), 54% (RR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.31–0.68), 53% (RR = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.29–0.82) for follow-up periods of 5 to 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, respectively. The current evidence indicates that using insecticide-impregnated dog collars can reduce the risk of CanL caused by L. infantum. Therefore, insecticide-impregnated dog collars could be a viable alternative for inclusion as a public health measure for controlling CanL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Yimam
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Centers for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Dea-Ayuela MA, Segarra S, Serrano DR, Bolás-Fernández F. Nucleotides and AHCC Enhance Th1 Responses In Vitro in Leishmania-Stimulated/Infected Murine Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173918. [PMID: 32867338 PMCID: PMC7504588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A stronger Th1 (cellular) immune response in canine leishmaniosis (CanL) leads to a better prognosis. Dietary nucleotides plus AHCC® have shown beneficial effects in dogs with clinical leishmaniosis and in clinically healthy Leishmania-infected dogs. The potential leishmanicidal activity of nucleotides and AHCC was assessed by quantifying nitric oxide (NO) production and replication of parasites. Their effects on lymphocyte proliferation were studied with and without soluble Leishmania infantum antigen (SLA) stimulation. Cytokine level variations were assessed using naïve and L. infantum-infected macrophages/lymphocytes cocultures. Promastigotes and amastigotes proliferation and NO macrophage production were not directly affected. Lymphocyte proliferation was significantly enhanced by nucleotides, AHCC, and their combinations only after SLA stimulation. Nucleotides and AHCC significantly increased the production of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-12 by naïve immune cells. In naïve and L. infantum-infected macrophage/lymphocyte cocultures, nucleotides with or without AHCC led to significant increases in IFN-γ and TNF-α. Given that these cytokines are involved in the effective Th1 immune response against Leishmania parasites, these mechanisms of action could explain the previously reported in vivo clinical efficacy of such combination and further support the use of nucleotides with or without AHCC in the management of CanL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, 46113 Moncada, Spain;
| | - Sergi Segarra
- R & D Bioiberica S.A.U., Av. dels Països Catalans 34, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9349-04908
| | - Dolores R. Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Bolás-Fernández
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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13
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Silva D, Moreira D, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Quintas C, Gonçalves J, Fresco P. Intracellular adenosine released from THP-1 differentiated human macrophages is involved in an autocrine control of Leishmania parasitic burden, mediated by adenosine A 2A and A 2B receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 885:173504. [PMID: 32858046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania infected macrophages have conditions to produce adenosine. Despite its known immunosuppressive effects, no studies have yet established whether adenosine alter Leishmania parasitic burden upon macrophage infection. This work aimed at investigating whether endogenous adenosine exerts an autocrine modulation of macrophage response towards Leishmania infection, identifying its origin and potential pharmacological targets for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), using THP-1 differentiated macrophages. Adenosine deaminase treatment of infected THP-1 cells reduced the parasitic burden (29.1 ± 2.2%, P < 0.05). Adenosine A2A and A2B receptor subtypes expression was confirmed by RT-qPCR and by immunocytochemistry and their blockade with selective adenosine A2A and A2B antagonists reduced the parasitic burden [14.5 ± 3.1% (P < 0.05) and 12.3 ± 3.1% (P < 0.05), respectively; and 24.9 ± 2.8% (P < 0.05), by the combination of the two antagonists)], suggesting that adenosine A2 receptors are tonically activated in infected THP-1 differentiated macrophages. The tonic activation of adenosine A2 receptors was dependent on the release of intracellular adenosine through equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENT1/ENT2): NBTI or dipyridamole reduced (~25%) whereas, when ENTs were blocked, adenosine A2 receptor antagonists failed to reduce and A2 agonists increase parasitic burden. Effects of adenosine A2 receptors antagonists and ENT1/2 inhibitor were prevented by L-NAME, indicating that nitric oxide production inhibition prevents adenosine from increasing parasitic burden. Results suggest that intracellular adenosine, released through ENTs, elicits an autocrine increase in parasitic burden in THP-1 macrophages, through adenosine A2 receptors activation. These observations open the possibility to use well-established ENT inhibitors or adenosine A2 receptor antagonists as new therapeutic approaches in VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Diana Moreira
- Parasite Disease Group, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva
- Parasite Disease Group, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Clara Quintas
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Epithelial Interactions in Cancer, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula Fresco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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14
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Douanne N, Dong G, Douanne M, Olivier M, Fernandez-Prada C. Unravelling the proteomic signature of extracellular vesicles released by drug-resistant Leishmania infantum parasites. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008439. [PMID: 32628683 PMCID: PMC7365475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis constitutes the 9th largest disease burden among all infectious diseases. Control of this disease is based on a short list of chemotherapeutic agents headed by pentavalent antimonials, followed by miltefosine and amphotericin B; drugs that are far from ideal due to host toxicity, elevated cost, limited access, and high rates of drug resistance. Knowing that the composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) can vary according to the state of their parental cell, we hypothesized that EVs released by drug-resistant Leishmania infantum parasites could contain unique and differently enriched proteins depending on the drug-resistance mechanisms involved in the survival of their parental cell line. To assess this possibility, we studied EV production, size, morphology, and protein content of three well-characterized drug-resistant L. infantum cell lines and a wild-type strain. Our results are the first to demonstrate that drug-resistance mechanisms can induce changes in the morphology, size, and distribution of L. infantum EVs. In addition, we identified L. infantum’s core EV proteome. This proteome is highly conserved among strains, with the exception of a handful of proteins that are enriched differently depending on the drug responsible for induction of antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, we obtained the first snapshot of proteins enriched in EVs released by antimony-, miltefosine- and amphotericin-resistant parasites. These include several virulence factors, transcription factors, as well as proteins encoded by drug-resistance genes. This detailed study of L. infantum EVs sheds new light on the potential roles of EVs in Leishmania biology, particularly with respect to the parasite’s survival in stressful conditions. This work outlines a crucial first step towards the discovery of EV-based profiles capable of predicting response to antileishmanial agents. Visceral leishmaniasis is a life-threatening disease caused by Leishmania infantum parasites, which are transmitted by sand flies. In the absence of vaccines, current control of this disease is based on chemotherapy, which is comprised of a very limited arsenal threatened by the emergence and spread of drug-resistant strains. In the shadow of growing concern and treatment failure due to resistance, the characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by drug-resistant L. infantum parasites could shed some light on the complex nature of drug resistance in Leishmania and increase our understanding of the biology of the parasite. EVs are vesicles secreted by all eukaryotic cells whose contents (proteins, DNA/RNAs, lipids) vary as a function of their cellular origin. Our results demonstrate for the first time that EVs released by drug-resistant parasites are enriched in unique protein markers that reflect the drug-resistance mechanisms involved in the survival of parental cells. These unique proteins included several virulence and transcription factors, as well as drug-resistance genes; this offers a potential benefit for drug-resistant parasites in terms of parasite-to-parasite communication and host-parasite interactions. Collectively, our initial results could serve as a jumping-off point for the future development of novel EV-based diagnostic tools for the detection and appraisal of antimicrobial-resistant Leishmania populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noélie Douanne
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- The Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - George Dong
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Douanne
- Department of Biology, Health and Ecology, “Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes”, Paris, France
| | - Martin Olivier
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail: (MO); (CFP)
| | - Christopher Fernandez-Prada
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- The Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- * E-mail: (MO); (CFP)
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15
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Terrazas P, Salamanca E, Dávila M, Manner S, Giménez A, Sterner O. SAR:s for the Antiparasitic Plant Metabolite Pulchrol. 1. The Benzyl Alcohol Functionality. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133058. [PMID: 32635469 PMCID: PMC7412453 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulchrol (1) is a natural benzochromene isolated from the roots of Bourreria pulchra, shown to possess potent antiparasitic activity towards both Leishmania and Trypanozoma species. As it is not understood which molecular features of 1 are important for the antiparasitic activity, several analogues were synthesized and assayed. The ultimate goal is to understand the structure–activity relationships (SAR:s) and create a QSAR model that can be used for the development of clinically useful antiparasitic agents. In this study, we have synthesized 25 2-methoxy-6,6-dimethyl-6H-benzo[c]chromen analogues of 1 and its co-metabolite pulchral (5a), by semi-synthetic procedures starting from the natural product pulchrol (1) itself. All 27 compounds, including the two natural products 1 and 5a, were subsequently assayed in vitro for antiparasitic activity against Trypanozoma cruzi, Leishmania brasiliensis and Leishmania amazoniensis. In addition, the cytotoxicity in RAW cells was assayed, and a selectivity index (SI) for each compound and each parasite was calculated. Several compounds are more potent or equi-potent compared with the positive controls Benznidazole (Trypanozoma) and Miltefosine (Leishmania). The compounds with the highest potencies as well as SI-values are esters of 1 with various carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Terrazas
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (P.T.); (S.M.)
- Centre of Agroindustrial Technology, San Simón University, 3299 Cochabamba, Bolivia;
| | - Efrain Salamanca
- Institute for Pharmacological and Biochemical Sciences, San Andrés University, 3299 La Paz, Bolivia; (E.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Marcelo Dávila
- Centre of Agroindustrial Technology, San Simón University, 3299 Cochabamba, Bolivia;
| | - Sophie Manner
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (P.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Alberto Giménez
- Institute for Pharmacological and Biochemical Sciences, San Andrés University, 3299 La Paz, Bolivia; (E.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Olov Sterner
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (P.T.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-70-5306649
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Branco Santos JC, de Melo JA, Maheshwari S, de Medeiros WMTQ, de Freitas Oliveira JW, Moreno CJ, Mario Amzel L, Gabelli SB, Sousa Silva M. Bisphosphonate-Based Molecules as Potential New Antiparasitic Drugs. Molecules 2020; 25:E2602. [PMID: 32503272 PMCID: PMC7321420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases such as Chagas disease and leishmaniasis affect millions of people around the world. Both diseases affect various parts of the globe and drugs traditionally used in therapy against these diseases have limitations, especially with regard to low efficacy and high toxicity. In this context, the class of bisphosphonate-based compounds has made significant advances regarding the chemical synthesis process as well as the pharmacological properties attributed to these compounds. Among this spectrum of pharmacological activity, bisphosphonate compounds with antiparasitic activity stand out, especially in the treatment of Chagas disease and leishmaniasis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp., respectively. Some bisphosphonate compounds can inhibit the mevalonate pathway, an essential metabolic pathway, by interfering with the synthesis of ergosterol, a sterol responsible for the growth and viability of these parasites. Therefore, this review aims to present the information about the importance of these compounds as antiparasitic agents and as potential new drugs to treat Chagas disease and leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice Castelo Branco Santos
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil; (J.C.B.S.); (J.A.d.M.); (W.M.T.Q.d.M.); (J.W.d.F.O.); (C.J.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Alves de Melo
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil; (J.C.B.S.); (J.A.d.M.); (W.M.T.Q.d.M.); (J.W.d.F.O.); (C.J.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil
| | - Sweta Maheshwari
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.M.); (L.M.A.)
| | - Wendy Marina Toscano Queiroz de Medeiros
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil; (J.C.B.S.); (J.A.d.M.); (W.M.T.Q.d.M.); (J.W.d.F.O.); (C.J.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil
| | - Johny Wysllas de Freitas Oliveira
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil; (J.C.B.S.); (J.A.d.M.); (W.M.T.Q.d.M.); (J.W.d.F.O.); (C.J.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Jassica Moreno
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil; (J.C.B.S.); (J.A.d.M.); (W.M.T.Q.d.M.); (J.W.d.F.O.); (C.J.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil
| | - L. Mario Amzel
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.M.); (L.M.A.)
| | - Sandra B. Gabelli
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.M.); (L.M.A.)
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marcelo Sousa Silva
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil; (J.C.B.S.); (J.A.d.M.); (W.M.T.Q.d.M.); (J.W.d.F.O.); (C.J.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, New University of Lisbon, 1800-166 Lisbon, Portugal
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Van Bockstal L, Bulté D, Hendrickx S, Sadlova J, Volf P, Maes L, Caljon G. Impact of clinically acquired miltefosine resistance by Leishmania infantum on mouse and sand fly infection. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2020; 13:16-21. [PMID: 32388220 PMCID: PMC7215113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the implications of clinically acquired miltefosine resistance (MIL-R) by assessing virulence in mice and sand flies to reveal the potential of MIL-R strains to circulate. Methods Experimental infections with the MIL-R clinical Leishmania infantum isolate MHOM/FR/2005/LEM5159, having a defect in the LiROS3 subunit of the MIL-transporter, and its syngeneic experimentally reconstituted MIL-S counterpart (LEM5159LiROS3) were performed in BALB/c mice and Lutzomyia longipalpis and Phlebotomus perniciosus sand flies. In mice, the amastigote burdens in liver and spleen were compared microscopically using Giemsa smears and by bioluminescent imaging. During the sand fly infections, the percentage of infected flies, parasite load, colonization of the stomodeal valve and metacyclogenesis were evaluated. The stability of the MIL-R phenotype after sand fly and mouse passage was determined as well. Results The fitness of the MIL-R strain differed between the mouse and sand fly infection model. In mice, a clear fitness loss was observed compared to the LiROS3-reconstituted susceptible strain. This defect could be rescued by episomal reconstitution with a wildtype LiROS3 copy. However, this fitness loss was not apparent in the sand fly vector, resulting in metacyclogenesis and efficient colonization of the stomodeal valve. Resistance was stable after passage in both sand fly and mouse. Conclusion The natural MIL-R strain is significantly hampered in its ability to multiply and cause a typical visceral infection pattern in BALB/c mice. However, this LiROS3-deficient strain efficiently produced mature infections and metacyclic promastigotes in the sand fly vector highlighting the transmission potential of this particular MIL-R clinical Leishmania strain. A clinical MIL-R L. infantum strain displays a loss-of-fitness in the mammalian host. ROS3-deficiency is compatible with efficient transmission by two sand fly species. Resistance is stable after mouse and sand fly passage. Transmission of this clinical MIL-R strain is a risk for immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselotte Van Bockstal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Bulté
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sarah Hendrickx
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jovana Sadlova
- Department of Parasitology, Charles University, Vinicna 7, CZ-12844, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Charles University, Vinicna 7, CZ-12844, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Menegatti C, Lourenzon VB, Rodríguez-Hernández D, da Paixão Melo WG, Ferreira LLG, Andricopulo AD, do Nascimento FS, Pupo MT. Meliponamycins: Antimicrobials from Stingless Bee-Associated Streptomyces sp. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:610-616. [PMID: 32073851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Social insects establish complex interactions with microorganisms, some of which play defensive roles in colony protection. The important role of pollinators such as the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris in nature encouraged us to pursue efforts to study its associated microbiota. Here we describe the discovery of two novel cyclic hexadepsipeptides, meliponamycin A (1) and meliponamycin B (2), from Streptomyces sp. ICBG1318 isolated from M. scutellaris nurse bees. Their structures were established by interpretation of NMR and MS data, and the absolute configuration of the constituent amino acids was determined by the advanced Marfey's method. Compounds 1 and 2 showed strong activity against the entomopathogen Paenibacillus larvae and human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Leishmania infantum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Menegatti
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Bruno Lourenzon
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Hernández
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Weilan Gomes da Paixão Melo
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Luiz Gomes Ferreira
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Defini Andricopulo
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Santos do Nascimento
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica Tallarico Pupo
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Bilbao-Ramos P, Serrano DR, Ruiz Saldaña HK, Torrado JJ, Bolás-Fernández F, Dea-Ayuela MA. Evaluating the Potential of Ursolic Acid as Bioproduct for Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis. Molecules 2020; 25:E1394. [PMID: 32204358 PMCID: PMC7144553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis affects around 12 million people worldwide and is estimated to cause the ninth-largest disease burden. There are three main forms of the disease, visceral (VL), cutaneous (CL), and mucocutaneous (MCL), leading to more than one million new cases every year and several thousand deaths. Current treatments based on chemically synthesized molecules are far from ideal. In this study, we have tested the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of ursolic acid (UA), a multifunctional triterpenoid with well-known antitumoral, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects on different Leishmania strains. The in vitro antileishmanial activity against the intracellular forms was six and three-fold higher compared to extracellular forms of L. amazonensis and L. infantum, respectively. UA also showed to be a potent antileishmanial drug against both VL and CL manifestations of the disease in experimental models. UA parenterally administered at 5 mg/kg for seven days significantly reduced the parasite burden in liver and spleen not only in murine acute infection but also in a chronic-infection model against L. infantum. In addition, UA ointment (0.2%) topically administered for four weeks diminished (50%) lesion size progression in a chronic infection model of CL caused by L. amazonensis, which was much greater than the effect of UA formulated as an O/W emulsion. UA played a key role in the immunological response modulating the Th1 response. The exposure of Leishmania-infected macrophages to UA led to a significant different production in the cytokine levels depending on the Leishmania strain causing the infection. In conclusion, UA can be a promising therapy against both CL and VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bilbao-Ramos
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.B.-R.); (F.B.-F.)
- Laboratorio de Parasitología y Entomología INLASA, Pasaje Rafael Zubieta #1889, (Lado Estado Mayor del ejército) Zona Miraflores, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Dolores R. Serrano
- Departament of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, University Complutense, Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.S.); (H.K.R.S.); (J.J.T.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy (IUFI), Plaza Ramon y Cajal, SN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helga Karina Ruiz Saldaña
- Departament of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, University Complutense, Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.S.); (H.K.R.S.); (J.J.T.)
| | - Juan J. Torrado
- Departament of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, University Complutense, Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.S.); (H.K.R.S.); (J.J.T.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy (IUFI), Plaza Ramon y Cajal, SN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Bolás-Fernández
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.B.-R.); (F.B.-F.)
| | - María Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.B.-R.); (F.B.-F.)
- Departament of Pharmacy, School of Health Science, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, C/Ramón y Cajal s/n, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca (Valencia), Spain
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Hendrickx S, Van Bockstal L, Caljon G, Maes L. In-depth comparison of cell-based methodological approaches to determine drug susceptibility of visceral Leishmania isolates. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007885. [PMID: 31790397 PMCID: PMC6907865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the drug susceptibility of Leishmania isolates still largely relies on standard in vitro cell-based susceptibility assays using (patient-isolated) promastigotes for infection. Although this assay is widely used, no fully standardized/harmonized protocol is yet available hence resulting in the application of a wide variety of host cells (primary cells and cell lines), different drug exposure times, detection methods and endpoint criteria. Advocacy for standardization to decrease inter-laboratory variation and improve interpretation of results has already repeatedly been made, unfortunately still with unsatisfactory progress. As a logical next step, it would be useful to reach at least some agreement on the type of host cell and basic experimental design for routine amastigote susceptibility determination. The present laboratory study using different L. infantum strains as a model for visceral leishmaniasis species compared primary cells (mouse peritoneal exudate (PEC), mouse bone marrow derived macrophages and human peripheral blood monocyte derived macrophages) and commercially available cell lines (THP-1, J774, RAW) for either their susceptibility to infection, their role in supporting intracellular amastigote multiplication and overall feasibility/accessibility of experimental assay protocol. The major findings were that primary cells are better than cell lines in supporting infection and intracellular parasite multiplication, with PECs to be preferred for technical reasons. Cell lines require drug exposure of >96h with THP-1 to be preferred but subject to a variable response to PMA stimulation. The fast dividing J774 and RAW cells out-compete parasite-infected cells precluding proper assay read-out. Some findings could possibly also be applicable to cutaneous Leishmania strains, but this still needs cross-checking. Besides inherent limitations in a clinical setting, susceptibility testing of clinical isolates may remain problematic because of the reliance on patient-derived promastigotes which may exhibit variable degrees of metacyclogenesis and infectivity. Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by parasites belonging to the genus of Leishmania and transmitted by the bite of infected female sand flies. Concerns about the effective control of the disease are rising in view of the increasing number of treatment failures that may be related to drug resistance. Monitoring of drug susceptibility in the field should become an essential asset, however, there is still insufficient harmonization in the laboratory assays. This study focused on the standard intracellular amastigote susceptibility assay and compared protocol variables, such as type of macrophage host cell (primary versus cell lines), multiplicity of infection and duration of drug exposure. Primary cells perform best with little difference between cells derived from Swiss mice or BALB/c mice. From a practical point of view, mouse peritoneal exudate cells can be recommended. If mice would not be available, THP-1 cells are the best alternative. For field strains, metacyclic promastigotes should be used at a multiplicity of infection of 10–15 parasites per cell with drug exposure starting at 24h post-infection and continued for 120h. Unfortunately, susceptibility testing of clinical isolates will remain problematic because of the reliance on promastigotes which may exhibit variable degrees of metacyclogenesis and infectivity. Opting for cell-based assays may be complicated by the fact that dedicated laboratory infrastructure may sometimes be lacking in disease-endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hendrickx
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lieselotte Van Bockstal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Mendes B, Almeida JR, Vale N, Gomes P, Gadelha FR, Da Silva SL, Miguel DC. Potential use of 13-mer peptides based on phospholipase and oligoarginine as leishmanicidal agents. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 226:108612. [PMID: 31454702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 toxins present in snake venoms interact with biological membranes and serve as structural models for the design of small peptides with anticancer, antibacterial and antiparasitic properties. Oligoarginine peptides are capable of increasing cell membrane permeability (cell penetrating peptides), and for this reason are interesting delivery systems for compounds of pharmacological interest. Inspired by these two families of bioactive molecules, we have synthesized two 13-mer peptides as potential antileishmanial leads gaining insights into structural features useful for the future design of more potent peptides. The peptides included p-Acl, reproducing a natural segment of a Lys49 PLA2 from Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus snake venom, and its p-AclR7 analogue where all seven lysine residues were replaced by arginines. Both peptides were active against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and L. (L.) infantum, while displaying low cytotoxicity for primary murine macrophages. Spectrofluorimetric studies suggest that permeabilization of the parasite's cell membrane is the probable mechanism of action of these biomolecules. Relevantly, the engineered peptide p-AclR7 was more active in both life stages of Leishmania and induced higher rates of ethidium bromide incorporation than its native template p-Acl. Taken together, the results suggest that short peptides based on phospholipase toxins are potential scaffolds for development of antileishmanial candidates. Moreover, specific amino acid substitutions, such those herein employed, may enhance the antiparasitic action of these cationic peptides, encouraging their future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Mendes
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R Almeida
- Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 Via Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Nuno Vale
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP/Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda R Gadelha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Saulo L Da Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca/Azuay, Ecuador.; Centro de Innovación de la Salud - EUS/EP, Cuenca/Azuay, Ecuador
| | - Danilo C Miguel
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Courtenay O, Dilger E, Calvo-Bado LA, Kravar-Garde L, Carter V, Bell MJ, Alves GB, Goncalves R, Makhdoomi MM, González MA, Nunes CM, Bray DP, Brazil RP, Hamilton JGC. Sand fly synthetic sex-aggregation pheromone co-located with insecticide reduces the incidence of infection in the canine reservoir of visceral leishmaniasis: A stratified cluster randomised trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007767. [PMID: 31652261 PMCID: PMC6834291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a synthetic sex-aggregation pheromone of the sand fly vector Lu. longipalpis, co-located with residual insecticide, to reduce the infection incidence of Leishmania infantum in the canine reservoir. METHODS A stratified cluster randomised trial was designed to detect a 50% reduction in canine incident infection after 24 months in 42 recruited clusters, randomly assigned to one of three intervention arms (14 cluster each): synthetic pheromone + insecticide, insecticide-impregnated dog collars, or placebo control. Infection incidence was measured by seroconversion to anti-Leishmania serum antibody, Leishmania parasite detection and canine tissue parasite loads. Changes in relative Lu. longipalpis abundance within households were measured by setting three CDC light traps per household. RESULTS A total 1,454 seronegative dogs were followed-up for a median 15.2 (95% C.I.s: 14.6, 16.2) months per cluster. The pheromone + insecticide intervention provided 13% (95% C.I. 0%, 44.0%) protection against anti-Leishmania antibody seroconversion, 52% (95% C.I. 6.2%, 74·9%) against parasite infection, reduced tissue parasite loads by 53% (95% C.I. 5.4%, 76.7%), and reduced household female sand fly abundance by 49% (95% C.I. 8.2%, 71.3%). Variation in the efficacy against seroconversion varied between trial strata. Equivalent protection attributed to the impregnated-collars were 36% (95% C.I. 14.4%, 51.8%), 23% (95% C.I. 0%, 57·5%), 48% (95% C.I. 0%, 73.4%) and 43% (95% C.I. 0%, 67.9%), respectively. Comparison of the two interventions showed no statistically consistent differences in their efficacies; however, the errors were broad for all outcomes. Reductions in sand fly numbers were predominant where insecticide was located (chicken and dog sleeping sites), with no evidence of insecticide-induced repellence onto humans or dogs. CONCLUSION The synthetic pheromone co-located with insecticide provides protection particularly against canine L. infantum parasite transmission and sand fly vector abundance. The effect estimates are not dissimilar to those of the insecticide-impregnated collars, which are documented to reduce canine infection incidence, human infection and clinical VL disease incidence, in different global regions. The trialled novel lure-and-kill approach is a low-cost potential vector control tool against ZVL in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orin Courtenay
- Zeeman Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (OC); (JGCH)
| | - Erin Dilger
- Zeeman Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Leo A. Calvo-Bado
- Zeeman Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Lidija Kravar-Garde
- Zeeman Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky Carter
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa J. Bell
- Zeeman Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Graziella B. Alves
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Goncalves
- Zeeman Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad M. Makhdoomi
- Zeeman Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Mikel A. González
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Caris M. Nunes
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel P. Bray
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Reginaldo P. Brazil
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - James G. C. Hamilton
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (OC); (JGCH)
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Aguilera E, Perdomo C, Espindola A, Corvo I, Faral-Tello P, Robello C, Serna E, Benítez F, Riveros R, Torres S, Vera de Bilbao NI, Yaluff G, Alvarez G. A Nature-Inspired Design Yields a New Class of Steroids Against Trypanosomatids. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203800. [PMID: 31652542 PMCID: PMC6832524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease and Leishmaniasis are neglected endemic protozoan diseases recognized as public health problems by the World Health Organization. These diseases affect millions of people around the world however, efficient and low-cost treatments are not available. Different steroid molecules with antimicrobial and antiparasitic activity were isolated from diverse organisms (ticks, plants, fungi). These molecules have complex structures that make de novo synthesis extremely difficult. In this work, we designed new and simpler compounds with antiparasitic potential inspired in natural steroids and synthesized a series of nineteen steroidal arylideneketones and thiazolidenehydrazines. We explored their biological activity against Leishmania infantum, Leishmania amazonensis, and Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro and in vivo. We also assayed their genotoxicity and acute toxicity in vitro and in mice. The best compound, a steroidal thiosemicarbazone compound 8 (ID_1260) was active in vitro (IC50 200 nM) and in vivo (60% infection reduction at 50 mg/kg) in Leishmania and T. cruzi. It also has low toxicity in vitro and in vivo (LD50 >2000 mg/kg) and no genotoxic effects, being a promising compound for anti-trypanosomatid drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Aguilera
- Grupo de Química Medicinal-Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo C.P. 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Cintya Perdomo
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Bioactivas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3 (km 363), Paysandú C.P. 60000, Uruguay.
| | - Alejandra Espindola
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Bioactivas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3 (km 363), Paysandú C.P. 60000, Uruguay.
| | - Ileana Corvo
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Bioactivas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3 (km 363), Paysandú C.P. 60000, Uruguay.
| | - Paula Faral-Tello
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo C.P. 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Carlos Robello
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo C.P. 11400, Uruguay.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay.
| | - Elva Serna
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo C.P. 2169., Paraguay.
| | - Fátima Benítez
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo C.P. 2169., Paraguay.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo C.P. 2169., Paraguay.
| | - Rocío Riveros
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo C.P. 2169., Paraguay.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo C.P. 2169., Paraguay.
| | - Susana Torres
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo C.P. 2169., Paraguay.
| | - Ninfa I Vera de Bilbao
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo C.P. 2169., Paraguay.
| | - Gloria Yaluff
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo C.P. 2169., Paraguay.
| | - Guzmán Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Bioactivas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3 (km 363), Paysandú C.P. 60000, Uruguay.
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de Melo Mendes V, Tempone AG, Treiger Borborema SE. Antileishmanial activity of H1-antihistamine drugs and cellular alterations in Leishmania (L.) infantum. Acta Trop 2019; 195:6-14. [PMID: 31002807 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are infectious diseases caused by protozoan parasites Leishmania and transmitted by sand flies. Drug repurposing is a therapeutic approach that has shown satisfactory results in their treatment. Analyses of antihistaminic drugs have revealed their in vitro and in vivo activity against trypanosomatids. In this way, this study evaluated the antileishmanial activity of H1-antihistamines and identified the cellular alterations in Leishmania (L.) infantum. Cinnarizine, cyproheptadine, and meclizine showed activity against promastigotes with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values between 10-29 μM. These drugs also demonstrated activity and selectivity against intracellular amastigotes, with IC50 values between 20-35 μM. Fexofenadine and cetirizine lacked antileishmanial activity against both forms. Mammalian cytotoxicity studies revealed 50% cytotoxic concentration values between 52 - >200 μM. These drugs depolarized the mitochondria membrane of parasites and caused morphological alterations, including mitochondrial damage, disorganization of the intracellular content, and nuclear membrane detachment. In conclusion, the L. infantum death may be ascribed by the subcellular alterations followed by a pronounced decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating dysfunction in the respiratory chain upon H1-antihistamine treatment. These H1-antihistamines could be used to explore new routes of cellular death in the parasite and the determination of the targets at a molecular level, would contribute to understanding the potential of these drugs as antileishmanial.
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Bruno de Sousa C, Lago JHG, Macridachis J, Oliveira M, Brito L, Vizetto-Duarte C, Florindo C, Hendrickx S, Maes L, Morais T, Uemi M, Neto L, Dionísio L, Cortes S, Barreira L, Custódio L, Alberício F, Campino L, Varela J. Report of in vitro antileishmanial properties of Iberian macroalgae. Nat Prod Res 2019; 33:1778-1782. [PMID: 29424240 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1434637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Here is reported the anti Leishmania infantum activity of 48 hexane, CH2Cl2 and MeOH extracts from 16 macroalgae collected on the Iberian Coast. Seven hexane and CH2Cl2 Cystoseira baccata, Cystoseira barbata, Cystoseira tamariscifolia, Cystoseira usneoides, Dictyota spiralis and Plocamium cartilagineum extracts were active towards promastigotes (IC50 29.8-101.8 μg/mL) inducing strong morphological alterations in the parasites. Hexane extracts of C. baccata and C. barbata were also active against intracellular amastigotes (IC50 5.1 and 6.8 μg/mL, respectively). Fatty acids, triacylglycerols, carotenoids, steroids and meroterpenoids were detected by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and gas chromatography in the Cystoseira extracts. These results suggest that Cystoseira macroalgae contain compounds with antileishmanial activity, which could be explored as scaffolds to the development of novel sources of antiparasitic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- b Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Jorge Macridachis
- a Centre of Marine Sciences , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - Marta Oliveira
- a Centre of Marine Sciences , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
- c Global Health and Tropical Medicine Centre , Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Luis Brito
- a Centre of Marine Sciences , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | | | - Cláudia Florindo
- d Programa de Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina , UAlg , Faro , Portugal
- e Centro de Investigação Biomédica , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - Sarah Hendrickx
- f Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences , Antwerp University , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- f Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences , Antwerp University , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Thiago Morais
- b Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Miriam Uemi
- b Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Luís Neto
- g Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - Lídia Dionísio
- g Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - Sofia Cortes
- c Global Health and Tropical Medicine Centre , Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- a Centre of Marine Sciences , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - Luísa Custódio
- a Centre of Marine Sciences , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - Fernando Alberício
- h Institute for Research in Biomedicine , Barcelona Science Park , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Lenea Campino
- c Global Health and Tropical Medicine Centre , Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - João Varela
- a Centre of Marine Sciences , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
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García Díaz J, Tuenter E, Escalona Arranz JC, Llauradó Maury G, Cos P, Pieters L. Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts and isolated constituents of Croton linearis. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 236:250-257. [PMID: 30849504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leaves of Croton linearis, known as "rosemary", are widely used in folk medicine in Caribbean countries to treat fever and colds (associated to infections). AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts and fractions derived from C. linearis leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation of compounds from an ethanolic extract of C. linearis, using flash chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC-DAD-MS (High Performance Liquid Chromatography - Diode Array Detection - Mass Spectrometry). Isolated compounds were characterized by MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy. The microdilution method with resazurin, as well as direct counting with an optical microscope, were used to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi and parasites. Moreover, the cytotoxicity on human fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) was evaluated. RESULTS The total extract and chloroform fraction (ClF) showed high activity against protozoa with IC50 values ranging from 1 to 26 μg/mL, but also cytotoxicity on MRC-5 and PMM (Peritoneal Murine Macrophages). Seven compounds were isolated and characterized for first time in this species: the alkaloids laudanidine, laudanosine, reticuline, corydine, glaucine and cularine and the flavonoid glycoside isorhamnetin-3-O-(6″O-p-trans-coumaroyl)-β-glucopyranoside. Reticuline showed a weak activity against L. infantum (IC50 148.0 ± 1.2 μM), while the flavonoid was active against T. cruzi (IC50 35.6 ± 2.3 μM). CONCLUSIONS The results show the antiprotozoal potential of the extract and some isolated constituents, which supports the use of this species in Caribbean folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús García Díaz
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Oriente, Ave. Patricio Lumumba s/n, Reparto Jiménez, Santiago de Cuba 5, CP 90 500, Cuba.
| | - Emmy Tuenter
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Julio Cesar Escalona Arranz
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Oriente, Ave. Patricio Lumumba s/n, Reparto Jiménez, Santiago de Cuba 5, CP 90 500, Cuba.
| | - Gabriel Llauradó Maury
- Centre of Studies for Industrial Biotechnology, University of Oriente, Ave. Patricio Lumumba s/n, Reparto Jiménez, Santiago de Cuba 5, CP 90 500, Cuba.
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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27
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Wyllie S, Brand S, Thomas M, De Rycker M, Chung CW, Pena I, Bingham RP, Bueren-Calabuig JA, Cantizani J, Cebrian D, Craggs PD, Ferguson L, Goswami P, Hobrath J, Howe J, Jeacock L, Ko EJ, Korczynska J, MacLean L, Manthri S, Martinez MS, Mata-Cantero L, Moniz S, Nühs A, Osuna-Cabello M, Pinto E, Riley J, Robinson S, Rowland P, Simeons FRC, Shishikura Y, Spinks D, Stojanovski L, Thomas J, Thompson S, Viayna Gaza E, Wall RJ, Zuccotto F, Horn D, Ferguson MAJ, Fairlamb AH, Fiandor JM, Martin J, Gray DW, Miles TJ, Gilbert IH, Read KD, Marco M, Wyatt PG. Preclinical candidate for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis that acts through proteasome inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:9318-9323. [PMID: 30962368 PMCID: PMC6511062 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820175116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by the protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum, is one of the major parasitic diseases worldwide. There is an urgent need for new drugs to treat VL, because current therapies are unfit for purpose in a resource-poor setting. Here, we describe the development of a preclinical drug candidate, GSK3494245/DDD01305143/compound 8, with potential to treat this neglected tropical disease. The compound series was discovered by repurposing hits from a screen against the related parasite Trypanosoma cruzi Subsequent optimization of the chemical series resulted in the development of a potent cidal compound with activity against a range of clinically relevant L. donovani and L. infantum isolates. Compound 8 demonstrates promising pharmacokinetic properties and impressive in vivo efficacy in our mouse model of infection comparable with those of the current oral antileishmanial miltefosine. Detailed mode of action studies confirm that this compound acts principally by inhibition of the chymotrypsin-like activity catalyzed by the β5 subunit of the L. donovani proteasome. High-resolution cryo-EM structures of apo and compound 8-bound Leishmania tarentolae 20S proteasome reveal a previously undiscovered inhibitor site that lies between the β4 and β5 proteasome subunits. This induced pocket exploits β4 residues that are divergent between humans and kinetoplastid parasites and is consistent with all of our experimental and mutagenesis data. As a result of these comprehensive studies and due to a favorable developability and safety profile, compound 8 is being advanced toward human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Wyllie
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Brand
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Thomas
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Manu De Rycker
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Chun-Wa Chung
- Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Imanol Pena
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, 28760, Spain
| | - Ryan P Bingham
- Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Juan A Bueren-Calabuig
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Cantizani
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, 28760, Spain
| | - David Cebrian
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, 28760, Spain
| | - Peter D Craggs
- Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Ferguson
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Panchali Goswami
- Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Hobrath
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Howe
- David Jack Centre for R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Jeacock
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Eun-Jung Ko
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Justyna Korczynska
- Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna MacLean
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Sujatha Manthri
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sonia Moniz
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Nühs
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Osuna-Cabello
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Pinto
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Riley
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Robinson
- David Jack Centre for R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Rowland
- Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick R C Simeons
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Yoko Shishikura
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Spinks
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Laste Stojanovski
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - John Thomas
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Thompson
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabet Viayna Gaza
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Wall
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Zuccotto
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - David Horn
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A J Ferguson
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Alan H Fairlamb
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M Fiandor
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, 28760, Spain
| | - Julio Martin
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, 28760, Spain
| | - David W Gray
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Miles
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, 28760, Spain
| | - Ian H Gilbert
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin D Read
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom;
| | - Maria Marco
- Global Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, 28760, Spain;
| | - Paul G Wyatt
- Drug Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom;
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Castelo-Branco PV, Alves HJ, Pontes RL, Maciel-Silva VL, Ferreira Pereira SR. Ascorbic acid reduces the genetic damage caused by miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine) in animals infected by Leishmania (Leishamnia) infantum without decreasing its antileishmanial activity. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2019; 9:8-15. [PMID: 30578864 PMCID: PMC6304451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishamaniasis is a neglected disease caused by over 20 Leishmania species, occurring in more than a hundred countries. Miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine) is the single oral drug used in treatment for leshmaniases, including cases of infections resistant to pentavalent antimony. Our group has recently demonstrated the ability of miltefosine to cause genomic lesions by DNA oxidation. Acknowledging that antioxidant compounds can potentially modulate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), our study verified whether ascorbic acid reduces the genotoxic and mutagenic effects caused by miltefosine, and whether it interferes with drug efficacy. For this purpose, uninfected Swiss mice received simultaneous (single dose treatment) miltefosine and ascorbic acid (gavage and intraperitoneally), besides pre and post treatments (ascorbic acid 24 h before and after drug administration); furthermore, Balb/c mice infected with Leishmania infantum received miltefosine plus ascorbic acid (repeated doses treatment). We conducted comet assays, micronucleus tests, dosages of superoxide dismutase enzyme and parasitic burden by the limiting dilution assay. We observed that ascorbic acid administered intraperitoneally displayed a protective effect over damage caused by miltefosine. However, this effect was not not observed when the same doses were administered via gavage, possibly due to low serum levels of this antioxidant. Ascorbic acid's protective effect reinforces that miltefosine damages DNA by oxidizing its nitrogenous bases, which is reduced by ascorbic acid due to its ability of protecting genetic material from the action of ROS. Therefore, our results show that this drug is efficient in reducing parasitic burden of L. infantum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Valéria Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, Cidade Universitária do Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Hugo José Alves
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, Cidade Universitária do Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Raissa Lacerda Pontes
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, Cidade Universitária do Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Maciel-Silva
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, Cidade Universitária do Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of State of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Silma Regina Ferreira Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, Cidade Universitária do Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
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de Paula RC, da Silva SM, Faria KF, Frézard F, Moreira CPDS, Foubert K, Lopes JCD, Campana PRV, Rocha MP, Silva AF, Silva CG, Pieters L, Almeida VL. In vitro antileishmanial activity of leaf and stem extracts of seven Brazilian plant species. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 232:155-164. [PMID: 30580025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that affects people all over the world. The number of cases of leishmaniasis is increasing and the drugs used for its treatment are toxic and not always effective. The recognition of the global nature of this disease and its direct or indirect effects on health economics and actions focuses attention on the development of new therapeutic options. In Brazil, this parasitic disease is endemic in many regions. The plants used by the population against leishmaniasis can be good starting points in the search of new lead compounds for antileishmanial drugs. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study was to investigate the antileishmanial activity of extracts from leaves and stems of seven Brazilian plant species used by the population to treat leishmaniasis, and symptoms that might be related to Leishmania infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty two extracts from seven plants belonging to five different botanical families were prepared by different methods and evaluated for their effect on the viability of promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum (MHOM/BR/1967/BH46) using the resazurin-based colorimetric assay. The extracts were considered active when they inhibited the growth of promastigotes in a percentage greater than or equal to 50% at 100 and 200 µg/mL. The active samples were further investigated to determine IC50, CC50 and SI values against promastigote forms of L. infantum. The active and non-cytotoxic extracts (SI> 10) were evaluated against amastigote forms of L. infantum. In addition, the active extracts against the amastigote forms were analyzed by TLC and HPLC, while the EtOAc extract of stems from Aspidosperma tomentosum was also evaluated by GC/MS. RESULTS Among the twenty two extracts evaluated, two were considered active against L. infantum. The EtOH extract of leaves from Dyospiros hispida (IC50 55.48 ± 2.77 µg/mL and IC50 80.63 ± 13.17 µg/mL, respectively) and the EtOAc extract of stems from Aspidosperma tomentosum (IC50 9.70 ± 2.82 µg/mL and IC50 15.88 ± 1.53 µg/mL, respectively) inhibited significantly the growth of promastigote and amastigote forms of L. infantum. Some extracts, although active in the initial screening, were considered toxic since the SI was lower than 10. In TLC and HPLC analysis the leaf extract of Dyospiros hispida showed the presence of anthraquinones, terpenes and saponins, and in the EtOAc extract of stems from Aspidosperma tomentosum alkaloids and flavonoids were detected. In addition, in the latter extract the indole alkaloids uleine and dasycarpidone could be identified by GC/MS. CONCLUSIONS The ethnopharmacological data of Aspidosperma tomentosum and Dyospiros hispida in part support the results found in the biological models used. Extracts of Aspidosperma tomentosum and Dyospiros hispida presented promising results against L. infantum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Cristina de Paula
- Laboratório de Bioensaios em Leishmania, ICBIM, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Sydnei Magno da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioensaios em Leishmania, ICBIM, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Karen Ferraz Faria
- Laboratório de Bioensaios em Leishmania, ICBIM, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Frédéric Frézard
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Júlio César Dias Lopes
- Chemoinformatics Group (NEQUIM), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Pereira Rocha
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Gontijo Silva
- Serviço de Fitoquímica e Prospecção Farmacêutica, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vera Lúcia Almeida
- Serviço de Fitoquímica e Prospecção Farmacêutica, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Álvarez-Velilla R, Gutiérrez-Corbo MDC, Punzón C, Pérez-Pertejo MY, Balaña-Fouce R, Fresno M, Reguera RM. A chronic bioluminescent model of experimental visceral leishmaniasis for accelerating drug discovery. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007133. [PMID: 30763330 PMCID: PMC6392311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected parasitic disease with no vaccine available and its pharmacological treatment is reduced to a limited number of unsafe drugs. The scarce readiness of new antileishmanial drugs is even more alarming when relapses appear or the occurrence of hard-to-treat resistant strains is detected. In addition, there is a gap between the initial and late stages of drug development, which greatly delays the selection of leads for subsequent studies. Methodology/Principal findings In order to address these issues, we have generated a red-shifted luminescent Leishmania infantum strain that enables long-term monitoring of parasite burden in individual animals with an in vivo limit of detection of 106 intracellular amastigotes 48 h postinfection. For this purpose, we have injected intravenously different infective doses (104—5x108) of metacyclic parasites in susceptible mouse models and the disease was monitored from initial times to 21 weeks postinfection. The emission of light from the target organs demonstrated the sequential parasite colonization of liver, spleen and bone marrow. When miltefosine was used as proof-of-concept, spleen weight parasite burden and bioluminescence values decreased significantly. Conclusions In vivo bioimaging using a red-shifted modified Leishmania infantum strain allows the appraisal of acute and chronic stage of infection, being a powerful tool for accelerating drug development against visceral leishmaniasis during both stages and helping to bridge the gap between early discovery process and subsequent drug development. Visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that poses a significant threat to impoverished human populations of low-income countries. Due to the unavailability of vaccines, pharmacological treatment is the only approach to control the disease that otherwise can be lethal. To date, drug management in endemic regions is based on combinations of a handful of mostly unsafe drugs, where the emergence of resistant strains is an additional problem. To accelerate the discovery of new drug entities, several gaps from the early discovery of a compound to its public use, should be filled. One of these gaps is the need of a rapid go/no-go testing system for compounds based on robust preclinical models. Here, we propose a new long-term model of murine visceral leishmaniasis using in vivo bioluminescent imaging. For this purpose, a red-shifted bioluminescent Leishmania infantum strain was engineered. This strain has allowed the appraisal of the disease in individual animals and the monitoring of parasite colonization in liver, spleen and bone marrow. As proof of concept of this platform, mice were infected with the transgenic L. infantum strain treated with a standard schedule of miltefosine, the only oral drug available against Leishmania parasites. Bioluminescence and parasite load in the target organs were compared showing a good correlation. Our findings provide a robust and reproducible tool for drug discovery in a chronic model of murine visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Álvarez-Velilla
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Punzón
- Diomune S.L Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Fresno
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Diomune S.L Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa María Reguera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Coura-Vital W, Leal GGDA, Marques LA, Pinheiro ADC, Carneiro M, Reis AB. Effectiveness of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars on the incidence of canine infection by Leishmania infantum: A large scale intervention study in an endemic area in Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208613. [PMID: 30532255 PMCID: PMC6287856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To reduce morbidity and mortality caused by visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the Brazilian Visceral Leishmaniasis Control and Surveillance Program promotes the diagnosis and treatment of cases, vector control, euthanasia of seropositive dogs, and health education. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these measures is questionable as they lead to little reduction in the transmission of the disease. Thus, the effectiveness of strategies such as insecticide-impregnated collars, spot-on insecticides, and immunization of dogs should be assessed. Herein, we evaluated the effectiveness of deltamethrin-impregnated collars on reducing the incidence of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs living in an endemic area of VL. An intervention study was conducted and a total 5,850 dogs were analyzed in baseline. Of these 3,742 seronegative dogs were divided into two groups: collared and uncollared (control). Dogs were followed for 12 months and three interventions were performed. The Cox regression model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the collar. All analyzes were performed by Intention-to-treat and per-protocol. By intention-to-treat, the incidence rates of L. infantum infection were 7.5 and 7.9 in the collar group, and 6.5 and 13.2 per 1,000 dogs-months in the control group after 6 and 12 months, respectively. In the per-protocol analysis, the incidence rates in the control group were similar to those observed in the intention-to-treat analysis. In the collar group, the incidence rate was 5.1/1,000 dogs-months after 6 and 12 months. The effectiveness by intention-to-treat after adjustment by the multivariate Cox model was 48%. In the analysis per-protocol, the effectiveness increased to 63%. Although collar use was effective when it was evaluated by intention-to-treat, higher effectiveness was found in the per-protocol analysis after one year of follow-up. The data emphasize the importance of the uninterrupted use of deltamethrin-impregnated collars to increase protection against canine VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendel Coura-Vital
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Gleisiane Gomes de Almeida Leal
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luana Araújo Marques
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aimara da Costa Pinheiro
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariângela Carneiro
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia das Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais—INCT-DT, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Abamor ES, Tosyali OA, Bagirova M, Allahverdiyev A. Nigella sativa oil entrapped polycaprolactone nanoparticles for leishmaniasis treatment. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:1018-1026. [PMID: 30964007 PMCID: PMC8676622 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is the first to investigate the antileishmanial activities of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) entrapped poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles on Leishmania infantum promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro. NSO molecules with variable initial doses of 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg were successfully encapsulated into PCL nanoparticles identified as formulations NSO1, NSO2, NSO3, and NSO4, respectively. This process was characterised by scanning electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared, encapsulation efficiency measurements, and release profile evaluations. The resulting synthetised nanoparticles had sizes ranging between 200 and 390 nm. PCL nanoparticles encapsulated 98% to 80% of initial doses of NSO and after incubation released approximately 85% of entrapped oil molecules after 288 h. All investigated formulations demonstrated strong antileishmanial effects on L. infantum promastigotes by inhibiting up to 90% of parasites after 192 h. The tested formulations decreased infection indexes of macrophages in a range between 2.4- and 4.1-fold in contrast to control, thus indicating the strong anti-amastigote activities of NSO encapsulated PCL nanoparticles. Furthermore, NSO-loaded PCL nanoparticles showed immunomodulatory effects by increasing produced nitric oxide amounts within macrophages by 2-3.5-fold in contrast to use of free oil. The obtained data showed significant antileishmanial effects of NSO encapsulated PCL nanoparticles on L. infantum promastigotes and amastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Sefik Abamor
- Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ozlem Ayse Tosyali
- Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melahat Bagirova
- Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adil Allahverdiyev
- Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tonelli M, Gabriele E, Piazza F, Basilico N, Parapini S, Tasso B, Loddo R, Sparatore F, Sparatore A. Benzimidazole derivatives endowed with potent antileishmanial activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:210-226. [PMID: 29233048 PMCID: PMC7011974 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1410480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Two sets of benzimidazole derivatives were synthesised and tested in vitro for activity against promastigotes of Leishmania tropica and L. infantum. Most of the tested compounds resulted active against both Leishmania species, with IC50 values in the low micromolar/sub-micromolar range. Among the set of 2-(long chain)alkyl benzimidazoles, whose heterocyclic head was quaternised, compound 8 resulted about 100-/200-fold more potent than miltefosine, even if the selectivity index (SI) versus HMEC-1 cells was only moderately improved. In the set of 2-benzyl and 2-phenyl benzimidazoles, bearing a basic side chain in position 1, compound 28 (2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1-lupinyl-5-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole) was 12-/7-fold more potent than miltefosine, but exhibited a further improved SI. Therefore, compounds 8 and 28 represent interesting hit compounds, susceptible of structural modification to improve their safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tonelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Gabriele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Piazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Basilico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Parapini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Bruno Tasso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Loddo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Fabio Sparatore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Sparatore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Tejería A, Pérez-Pertejo Y, Reguera RM, Carbajo-Andrés R, Balaña-Fouce R, Alonso C, Martin-Encinas E, Selas A, Rubiales G, Palacios F. Antileishmanial activity of new hybrid tetrahydroquinoline and quinoline derivatives with phosphorus substituents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 162:18-31. [PMID: 30408746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds, such as hybrid tetrahydroquinoline and quinoline derivatives with phosphorated groups, have been prepared by multicomponent cycloaddition reaction between phosphorus-substituted anilines, aldehydes and styrenes. The antileishmanial activity of these compounds has been evaluated on both promastigotes and intramacrophagic amastigotes of Leishmania infantum. Good antileishmanial activity of functionalized tetrahydroquinolines 4a, 5a, 6b and quinoline 8b has been observed with similar activity than the standard drug amphotericin B and close selective index (SI between 43 and 57) towards L. infantum amastigotes to amphotericin B. Special interest shows tetrahydroquinolylphosphine sulfide 5a with an EC50 value (0.61 ± 0.18 μM) similar to the standard drug amphotericin B (0.32 ± 0.05 μM) and selective index (SI = 56.87). In addition, compound 4c shows remarkable inhibition on Leishmania topoisomerase IB. Parallel theoretical study of stereoelectronic properties, application of docking-based virtual screening methods, along with molecular electrostatic potential and predictive druggability analyses are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tejería
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Yolanda Pérez-Pertejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Rosa M Reguera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Rubén Carbajo-Andrés
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Concepción Alonso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia and Centro de Investigación Lascaray (Lascaray Research Center), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Endika Martin-Encinas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia and Centro de Investigación Lascaray (Lascaray Research Center), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Asier Selas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia and Centro de Investigación Lascaray (Lascaray Research Center), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gloria Rubiales
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia and Centro de Investigación Lascaray (Lascaray Research Center), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Palacios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia and Centro de Investigación Lascaray (Lascaray Research Center), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Abdelkrim YZ, Harigua-Souiai E, Barhoumi M, Banroques J, Blondel A, Guizani I, Tanner NK. The steroid derivative 6-aminocholestanol inhibits the DEAD-box helicase eIF4A (LieIF4A) from the Trypanosomatid parasite Leishmania by perturbing the RNA and ATP binding sites. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2018; 226:9-19. [PMID: 30365976 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The antifungal agent 6-aminocholestanol targets the production of ergosterol, which is the principle sterol in many fungi and protozoans; ergosterol serves many of the same roles as cholesterol in animals. We found that it also is an effective inhibitor of the translation-initiation factor eIF4AI from mouse (eIF4AIMus) and the Trypanosomatid parasite Leishmania (LieIF4A). The eIF4A proteins belong to the DEAD-box family of RNA helicases, which are ATP-dependent RNA-binding proteins and RNA-dependent ATPases. DEAD-box proteins contain a commonly-shared core structure consisting of two linked domains with structural homology to that of recombinant protein A (RecA) and that contain conserved motifs that are involved in RNA and ATP binding, and in the enzymatic activity. The compound inhibits both the ATPase and helicase activities by perturbing ATP and RNA binding, and it is capable of binding other proteins containing nucleic acid-binding sites as well. We undertook kinetic analyses and found that the Leishmania LieIF4A protein binds 6-aminocholestanol with a higher apparent affinity than for ATP, although multiple binding sites were probably involved. Competition experiments with the individual RecA-like domains indicate that the primary binding sites are on RecA-like domain 1, and they include a cavity that we previously identified by molecular modeling of LieIF4A that involve conserved RNA-binding motifs. The compound affects the mammalian and Leishmania proteins differently, which indicates the binding sites and affinities are not the same. Thus, it is possible to develop drugs that target DEAD-box proteins from different organisms even when they are implicated in the same biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosser Zina Abdelkrim
- Expression Génétique Microbienne, CNRS UMR8261/Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7 & Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology (LR16IPT04), Institut Pasteur de Tunis/Université de Tunis el Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP74 Tunis-Belvédère, 1002 Tunisia; Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna-Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Emna Harigua-Souiai
- Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology (LR16IPT04), Institut Pasteur de Tunis/Université de Tunis el Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP74 Tunis-Belvédère, 1002 Tunisia
| | - Mourad Barhoumi
- Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology (LR16IPT04), Institut Pasteur de Tunis/Université de Tunis el Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP74 Tunis-Belvédère, 1002 Tunisia
| | - Josette Banroques
- Expression Génétique Microbienne, CNRS UMR8261/Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7 & Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Blondel
- Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ikram Guizani
- Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology (LR16IPT04), Institut Pasteur de Tunis/Université de Tunis el Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP74 Tunis-Belvédère, 1002 Tunisia.
| | - N Kyle Tanner
- Expression Génétique Microbienne, CNRS UMR8261/Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7 & Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
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Pedron J, Boudot C, Bourgeade-Delmas S, Sournia-Saquet A, Paloque L, Rastegari M, Abdoulaye M, El-Kashef H, Bonduelle C, Pratviel G, Wyllie S, Fairlamb A, Courtioux B, Verhaeghe P, Valentin A. Antitrypanosomatid Pharmacomodulation at Position 3 of the 8-Nitroquinolin-2(1H)-one Scaffold Using Palladium-Catalysed Cross-Coupling Reactions. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2217-2228. [PMID: 30221468 PMCID: PMC7089779 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An antikinetoplastid pharmacomodulation study at position 3 of the recently described hit molecule 3-bromo-8-nitroquinolin-2(1H)-one was conducted. Twenty-four derivatives were synthesised using the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction and evaluated in vitro on both Leishmania infantum axenic amastigotes and Trypanosoma brucei brucei trypomastigotes. Introduction of a para-carboxyphenyl group at position 3 of the scaffold led to the selective antitrypanosomal hit molecule 3-(4-carboxyphenyl)-8-nitroquinolin-2(1H)-one (21) with a lower reduction potential (-0.56 V) than the initial hit (-0.45 V). Compound 21 displays micromolar antitrypanosomal activity (IC50 =1.5 μm) and low cytotoxicity on the human HepG2 cell line (CC50 =120 μm), having a higher selectivity index (SI=80) than the reference drug eflornithine. Contrary to results previously obtained in this series, hit compound 21 is inactive toward L. infantum and is not efficiently bioactivated by T. brucei brucei type I nitroreductase, which suggests the existence of an alternative mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pedron
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Clotilde Boudot
- Université de Limoges, UMR INSERM 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Sandra Bourgeade-Delmas
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Alix Sournia-Saquet
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Paloque
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Maryam Rastegari
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Mansour Abdoulaye
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Hussein El-Kashef
- Assiut University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Colin Bonduelle
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Geneviève Pratviel
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Susan Wyllie
- University of Dundee, School of Life Sciences, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Fairlamb
- University of Dundee, School of Life Sciences, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Bertrand Courtioux
- Université de Limoges, UMR INSERM 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Pierre Verhaeghe
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexis Valentin
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31400 Toulouse, France
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Moreira FDL, Riul TB, Moreira MDL, Pilon AC, Dias-Baruffi M, Araújo MSS, Lopes NP, de Oliveira ARM. Leishmanicidal Effects of Piperlongumine (Piplartine) and Its Putative Metabolites. Planta Med 2018; 84:1141-1148. [PMID: 29763945 DOI: 10.1055/a-0614-2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Piperlongumine is an amide alkaloid found in Piperaceae species that shows a broad spectrum of biological properties, including antitumor and antiparasitic activities. Herein, the leishmanicidal effect of piperlongumine and its derivatives produced by a biomimetic model using metalloporphyrins was investigated. The results showed that IC50 values of piperlongumine in promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania amazonensis were 7.9 and 3.3 µM, respectively. The IC50 value of piperlongumine in the intracellular amastigote form of L. amazonensis was 0.4 µM, with a selectivity index of 25. The piperlongumine biomimetic derivatives, Ma and Mb, also showed leishmanicidal effects. We also carried out an in vitro metabolic degradation study showing that Ma is the most stable piperlongumine derivative in rat liver microsome incubations. The results presented here indicate that piperlongumine is a potential leishmanicidal candidate and support the biomimetic approach for development of new antileishmanial derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Lima Moreira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto - SP, Brazil
| | - Thalita Bachelli Riul
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto - SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alan Cesar Pilon
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto -SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto - SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio S S Araújo
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ/MG, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto -SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson R M de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto - SP, Brazil
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Van den Kerkhof M, Van Bockstal L, Gielis JF, Delputte P, Cos P, Maes L, Caljon G, Hendrickx S. Impact of primary mouse macrophage cell types on Leishmania infection and in vitro drug susceptibility. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3601-3612. [PMID: 30141075 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Primary mouse macrophages are frequently used to provide an in vitro intracellular model to evaluate antileishmanial drug efficacy. The present study compared the phenotypic characteristics of Swiss, BALB/c, and C57BL/6 mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages and peritoneal exudate cells using different stimulation and adherence protocols upon infection with a Leishmania infantum laboratory strain and two clinical isolates. Evaluation parameters were susceptibility to infection, permissiveness to amastigote multiplication, and impact on drug efficacy. Observed variations in infection of peritoneal exudate cells can mostly be linked to changes in the inflammatory cytokine profiles (IL-6, TNF-α, KC/GRO) rather than to differences in initial production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. Optimization of the cell stimulation and adherence conditions resulted in comparable infection indices among peritoneal exudate cells and the various types of bone marrow-derived macrophages. BALB/c-derived bone marrow-derived macrophages were slightly more permissive to intracellular amastigote replication. Evaluation of antileishmanial drug potency in the various cell systems revealed minimal variation for antimonials and paromomycin, and no differences for miltefosine and amphotericin B. The study results allow to conclude that drug evaluation can be performed in all tested primary macrophages as only marginal differences are observed in terms of susceptibility to infection and impact of drug exposure. Combined with some practical considerations, the use of 24-h starch-stimulated, 48-h adhered, Swiss-derived peritoneal exudate cells can be advocated as an efficient, reliable, relatively quick, and cost-effective tool for routine drug susceptibility testing in vitro whenever the use of primary cells is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Van den Kerkhof
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - L Van Bockstal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - J F Gielis
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy & Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - P Delputte
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - P Cos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - L Maes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Sarah Hendrickx
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Sharifi-Rad M, Salehi B, Sharifi-Rad J, Setzer WN, Iriti M. Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertn. essential oil: an alternative or complementary treatment for Leishmaniasis. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2018; 64:18-21. [PMID: 29981679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected parasitic protozoal disease that affects approximately 12 million people and represents a public health problem in Iran. The objectives of this study were to obtain the essential oil (EO) from Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertn. growing in Iran and to carry out in-vitro antileishmanial screening of the EO against promastigotes of Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum. The EO from the aerial parts of P. vulgaris was extracted by hydrodistillation. Serial dilutions of the EO were screened for in-vitro antileishmanial activity using 96-well microtiter plates. The P. vulgaris EO was active against the promastigote forms of L. major and L. infantum, with IC50 values of 244.70 and 233.65 µg/mL, respectively. Pulicaria vulgaris EO may serve as an alternative or complementary treatment for leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Bahar Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy
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Varela MT, Romaneli MM, Lima ML, Borborema SET, Tempone AG, Fernandes JPS. Antiparasitic activity of new gibbilimbol analogues and SAR analysis through efficiency and statistical methods. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 122:31-41. [PMID: 29935351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chagas' disease and leishmaniasis are parasitic infections enrolled among the neglected tropical diseases, which urge for new treatments. In the search for new chemical entities as prototypes, gibbilimbols A/B have shown antiparasitic activity against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum, and then a set of analogues (LINS03 series) of this natural product were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against the parasites. In the present paper we reported five new compounds with activity against these protozoan parasites, and quite low cytotoxicity. Moreover, the interference of plasma membrane permeability of these analogues were also evaluated. We found that [(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]octylamine (4) was noteworthy due to its high activity against the amastigote form of both parasites (IC50 1.3-5.8 μM) and good selectivity index. In order to unveil the SAR for this chemotype, we also presented a group efficiency analysis and PCA and HCA study, which indicated that the methoxyl provides good activity with lower cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. The results from SAR analyses suggest different mechanisms of action between the neutral and basic compounds. In summary, the analogues represent important activity against these parasites and must be prototypes for further exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina T Varela
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau 210, 09913-030 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Maiara M Romaneli
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 355, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta L Lima
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 355, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Samanta E T Borborema
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 355, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andre G Tempone
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 355, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João P S Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau 210, 09913-030 Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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41
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Fernandez-Prada C, Sharma M, Plourde M, Bresson E, Roy G, Leprohon P, Ouellette M. High-throughput Cos-Seq screen with intracellular Leishmania infantum for the discovery of novel drug-resistance mechanisms. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2018; 8:165-173. [PMID: 29602064 PMCID: PMC6039308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing drug resistance towards first line antimony-derived compounds has forced the introduction of novel therapies in leishmaniasis endemic areas including amphotericin B and miltefosine. However, their use is threatened by the emergence and spread of drug-resistant strains. In order to discover stage-dependent resistance genes, we have adapted the Cos-Seq approach through the introduction of macrophage infections in the pipeline. A L. infantum intracellular amastigote population complemented with a L. infantum cosmid library was submitted to increasing concentrations of miltefosine, amphotericin B and pentavalent antimonials in experimental infections of THP-1 cells. For each step of selection, amastigotes were extracted and cosmids were isolated and submitted to next-generation sequencing, followed by subsequent gene-enrichment analyses. Cos-Seq screen in amastigotes revealed four highly enriched loci for antimony, five for miltefosine and one for amphotericin B. Of these, a total of seven cosmids were recovered and tested for resistance in both promastigotes and amastigotes. Candidate genes within the pinpointed genomic regions were validated using single gene overexpression in wild-type parasites and/or gene disruption by means of a CRISPR-Cas9-based approach. This led to the identification and validation of a stage-independent antimony-resistance gene (LinJ.06.1010) coding for a putative leucine rich repeat protein and a novel amastigote-specific miltefosine-resistance gene (LinJ.32.0050) coding for a member of the SEC13 family of WD-repeat proteins. This study further reinforces the power of Cos-Seq approach to discover novel drug-resistance genes, some of which are life-stages specific. The Cos-Seq led to the discovery of several new genomic regions selected with drugs. This work led to the validation of novel drug-resistance genes in Leishmania. Gene LinJ.06.1010 is involved in antimony resistance in both life stages of the parasite. Gene LinJ.32.0050 is involved in miltefosine resistance in amastigotes. The amastigote screen is labour intensive but complements screens in promastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Fernandez-Prada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Mansi Sharma
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Plourde
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Eva Bresson
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Gaétan Roy
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Leprohon
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Ouellette
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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Parra LLL, Bertonha AF, Severo IRM, Aguiar ACC, de Souza GE, Oliva G, Guido RVC, Grazzia N, Costa TR, Miguel DC, Gadelha FR, Ferreira AG, Hajdu E, Romo D, Berlinck RGS. Isolation, Derivative Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationships of Antiparasitic Bromopyrrole Alkaloids from the Marine Sponge Tedania brasiliensis. J Nat Prod 2018; 81:188-202. [PMID: 29297684 PMCID: PMC5989537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The isolation and identification of a series of new pseudoceratidine (1) derivatives from the sponge Tedania brasiliensis enabled the evaluation of their antiparasitic activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, and Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agents of malaria, cutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease, respectively. The new 3-debromopseudoceratidine (4), 20-debromopseudoceratidine (5), 4-bromopseudoceratidine (6), 19-bromopseudoceratidine (7), and 4,19-dibromopseudoceratidine (8) are reported. New tedamides A-D (9-12), with an unprecedented 4-bromo-4-methoxy-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide moiety, are also described. Compounds 4 and 5, 6 and 7, 9 and 10, and 11 and 12 have been isolated as pairs of inseparable structural isomers differing in their sites of bromination or oxidation. Tedamides 9+10 and 11+12 were obtained as optically active pairs, indicating an enzymatic formation rather than an artifactual origin. N12-Acetylpseudoceratidine (2) and N12-formylpseudoceratidine (3) were obtained by derivatization of pseudoceratidine (1). The antiparasitic activity of pseudoceratidine (1) led us to synthesize 23 derivatives (16, 17, 20, 21, 23, 25, 27-29, 31, 33, 35, 38, 39, 42, 43, 46, 47, 50, and 51) with variations in the polyamine chain and aromatic moiety in sufficient amounts for biological evaluation in antiparasitic assays. The measured antimalarial activity of pseudoceratidine (1) and derivatives 4, 5, 16, 23, 25, 31, and 50 provided an initial SAR evaluation of these compounds as potential leads for antiparasitics against Leishmania amastigotes and against P. falciparum. The results obtained indicate that pseudoceratidine represents a promising scaffold for the development of new antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth L. L. Parra
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariane F. Bertonha
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Ivan R. M. Severo
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Anna C. C. Aguiar
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Av. Joao Dagnone, 1100, Jardim Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Guilherme E. de Souza
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Av. Joao Dagnone, 1100, Jardim Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Glaucius Oliva
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Av. Joao Dagnone, 1100, Jardim Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Rafael V. C. Guido
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Av. Joao Dagnone, 1100, Jardim Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Grazzia
- Departamento de Biologia Animal e Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tábata R. Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Animal e Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo C. Miguel
- Departamento de Biologia Animal e Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R. Gadelha
- Departamento de Biologia Animal e Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio G. Ferreira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235 - SP-310, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Hajdu
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, CEP 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Roberto G. S. Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
This article reviews essential topics of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) due to Leishmania infantum infection. It focuses on the current serological and molecular diagnostic methods used in epidemiological research and veterinary clinics to diagnose CVL and includes new point-of-care (POC) tests under development. The efficacy of different treatment regimens on the clinical improvement and infectiousness of dogs is also addressed. In the last section, the review provides a critical appraisal of the effectiveness of different control measures that have been implemented to curb disease transmission. Dogs are the principal reservoir hosts of L. infantum and consequently play a critical role in the transmission cycle of urban VL, which also affects humans. This review provides updated information on important topics such as diagnostic tests and dog treatments that improve dog health and decrease their transmission efficacy to insect vectors. A critical review of control measures is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno L. Travi
- Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Parasite Disease Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Guadalupe Miró
- Veterinary Faculty, Animal Health Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Harigua-Souiai E, Abdelkrim YZ, Bassoumi-Jamoussi I, Zakraoui O, Bouvier G, Essafi-Benkhadir K, Banroques J, Desdouits N, Munier-Lehmann H, Barhoumi M, Tanner NK, Nilges M, Blondel A, Guizani I. Identification of novel leishmanicidal molecules by virtual and biochemical screenings targeting Leishmania eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006160. [PMID: 29346371 PMCID: PMC5790279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases are neglected parasitic diseases in spite of the major burden they inflict on public health. The identification of novel drugs and targets constitutes a research priority. For that purpose we used Leishmania infantum initiation factor 4A (LieIF), an essential translation initiation factor that belongs to the DEAD-box proteins family, as a potential drug target. We modeled its structure and identified two potential binding sites. A virtual screening of a diverse chemical library was performed for both sites. The results were analyzed with an in-house version of the Self-Organizing Maps algorithm combined with multiple filters, which led to the selection of 305 molecules. Effects of these molecules on the ATPase activity of LieIF permitted the identification of a promising hit (208) having a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 150 ± 15 μM for 1 μM of protein. Ten chemical analogues of compound 208 were identified and two additional inhibitors were selected (20 and 48). These compounds inhibited the mammalian eIF4I with IC50 values within the same range. All three hits affected the viability of the extra-cellular form of L. infantum parasites with IC50 values at low micromolar concentrations. These molecules showed non-significant toxicity toward THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, their anti-leishmanial activity was validated with experimental assays on L. infantum intramacrophage amastigotes showing IC50 values lower than 4.2 μM. Selected compounds exhibited selectivity indexes between 19 to 38, which reflects their potential as promising anti-Leishmania molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Harigua-Souiai
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
| | - Yosser Zina Abdelkrim
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Microbial Gene Expression (EGM), CNRS UMR8261/Université Paris Diderot P7, Sorbonne Paris Cité & PSL, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Bassoumi-Jamoussi
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ons Zakraoui
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Guillaume Bouvier
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
| | - Khadija Essafi-Benkhadir
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Josette Banroques
- Laboratory of Microbial Gene Expression (EGM), CNRS UMR8261/Université Paris Diderot P7, Sorbonne Paris Cité & PSL, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Nathan Desdouits
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Munier-Lehmann
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 3523, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Mourad Barhoumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - N. Kyle Tanner
- Laboratory of Microbial Gene Expression (EGM), CNRS UMR8261/Université Paris Diderot P7, Sorbonne Paris Cité & PSL, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Michael Nilges
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Blondel
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Bioinformatique Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, Paris, France
| | - Ikram Guizani
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology – LR11IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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de Souza CES, da Silva ARP, Gomez MCV, Rolóm M, Coronel C, da Costa JGM, Sousa AK, Rolim LA, de Souza FHS, Coutinho HDM. Anti-Trypanosoma, anti-Leishmania and cytotoxic activities of natural products from Psidium brownianum Mart. ex DC. and Psidium guajava var. Pomifera analysed by LC-MS. Acta Trop 2017; 176:380-384. [PMID: 28935551 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neglected diseases are those that are prevalent in developing countries, even with a rich biodiversity. These diseases still persist because of the lack of scientific studies, government negligence or failures of the public health system. This study aims to identify the composition of extracts and fractions from Psidium brownianum and Psidium guajava through LC-MS, to evaluate its in vitro anti-parasitic and cytotoxic activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania brasiliensis and L. infantum epismastigote and promastigote forms, as well as mammalian cells. The results showed the presence of chemical constituents in the two Psidium species as quercetin, myricetin and gallic acid derivatives. The P. brownianum extract and fractions showed low toxicity at all tested concentrations and all samples were effective at the concentration of 1000μg/mL against the parasites, with the extract being the most efficient against the L. infantum promastigote form. The ethanolic extract, and the flavonoid and tannic fractions, from P. guajava showed low toxicity for the fibroblasts. All samples showed effectiveness at the highest concentration tested and the extract was more effective against the promastigote forms tested. The results showed that the species Psidium brownianum and Psidium guajava demonstrated an anti-parasitic activity against the T. cruzi, L. brasiliensis and L. infantum parasite cell lines indicating these species as an alternative therapy given their efficacy in the in vitro assays performed, opening the possibility for new biological studies to further this knowledge through in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestina Elba Sobral de Souza
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil; Faculdade Vale do Salgado - FVS, Icó, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Celeste Vega Gomez
- Center for the Development of Scientific Research, Moisés Bertoni Foundation/Díaz Gill Laboratories, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Míriam Rolóm
- Center for the Development of Scientific Research, Moisés Bertoni Foundation/Díaz Gill Laboratories, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Cathia Coronel
- Center for the Development of Scientific Research, Moisés Bertoni Foundation/Díaz Gill Laboratories, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | - Amanda K Sousa
- Centro Universitário Dr. Leão Sampaio - UNILEÃO, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Larissa A Rolim
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
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Bosquiroli LSS, dos Santos Ferreira AC, Farias KS, da Costa EC, Matos MDFC, Kadri MCT, Rizk YS, Alves FM, Perdomo RT, Carollo CA, Pinto de Arruda CC. In Vitro antileishmania activity of sesquiterpene-rich essential oils from Nectandra species. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:2285-2291. [PMID: 29185382 PMCID: PMC6130651 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1407803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT New antileishmanias are needed because of toxicity, high cost and resistance problems associated with available drugs. Nectandra (Lauraceae) produces several classes of compounds but its essential oil has not previously been reported to have antileishmania activity. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the cytotoxicity and antileishmania activity of essential oils from Nectandra amazonum Nees, N. gardneri Meisn., N. hihua (Ruiz & Pav.) Rohwer and N. megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nectandra oils were extracted from stem bark/leaves by hydrodistillation and compounds were identified by GC-MS. Oils were tested against Leishmania infantum and L. amazonensis intracellular amastigotes and nitric oxide production was evaluated. Cytotoxicity was achieved on NIH/3T3 and J774.A1 cells for the selectivity index (SI). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Nectandra gardneri was active against L. infantum and L. amazonensis (IC50 = 2.7 ± 1.3/2.1 ± 1.06 μg/mL) and contained 85.4% sesquiterpenes, of which 58.2% was intermediol. Besides low cytotoxicity (SI >11.3), N. gardneri induced a significant increase in NO production by L. infantum-infected macrophages. Nectandra hihua had the best activity on L. infantum amastigotes (IC50 = 0.2 ± 1.1 μg/mL). This oil was 89.0% sesquiterpenes, with 28.1% bicyclogermacrene. The two specimens of N. megapotamica had different activities on amastigotes. The one richer in sesquiterpenes (49.9%) was active against both species (IC50 = 12.5 ± 1.4/21.3 ± 1.2) and had phenylpropanoid E-asarone as the main compound (42.4%). Nectandra amazonum showed moderate activity on both the species (IC50 = 31.9 ± 2.0/22.1 ± 1.3 μg/mL) and low selectivity (0.9 < SI >2.6), probably due to the major presence of β-caryophyllene (28.5%). CONCLUSIONS Our data identify compounds that can now be isolated and used for the development of new antileishmanias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Serpa Silva Bosquiroli
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brasil
| | - Ana Caroline dos Santos Ferreira
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brasil
| | - Katyuce Souza Farias
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas – LaPNEM, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brasil
| | - Eduarda Carneiro da Costa
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brasil
| | - Maria de Fátima Cepa Matos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Culturas Celulares, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brasil
| | - Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri
- Laboratório de Biofisiofarmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brasil
| | - Yasmin Silva Rizk
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brasil
| | - Flávio Macedo Alves
- Herbário CG-MS, CCBS, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brasil
| | - Renata Trentin Perdomo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Culturas Celulares, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brasil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Carollo
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas – LaPNEM, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brasil
| | - Carla Cardozo Pinto de Arruda
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brasil
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Azzouz S, Lawton P. In vitro effects of purine and pyrimidine analogues on Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:582-588. [PMID: 28682767 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of parasite metabolic pathways is a rationale for new chemotherapeutic strategies. The pyrimidine and purine salvage pathways are thus targets against Leishmania donovani and L. infantum, causative agents of visceral human leishmaniasis and canine leishmaniosis. The antiproliferative effect of the pyrimidine analogues Cytarabine and 5-fluorouracil and of the purine analogues Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine was evaluated in vitro on the promastigote and the intracellular amastigote stages of the parasite. Cytarabine and 5-fluorouracil were the best inhibitors against promastigotes, whereas 5- fluorouracil and azathioprine displayed the best efficacy against the amastigote stage. The ultrastructural study showed an important cytoplasmic vacuolization and with azathioprine and 5-fluorouracyl, a mitochondrial swelling and appearance of autophagosome-like structures. Alterations of the kinetoplast were also observed with 5-fluorouracil, all these damages eventually resulting in an autolysis process that triggered the subsequent death of the intracellular parasites.
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Yasur-Landau D, Jaffe CL, Doron-Faigenboim A, David L, Baneth G. Induction of allopurinol resistance in Leishmania infantum isolated from dogs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005910. [PMID: 28892476 PMCID: PMC5608428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to allopurinol in zoonotic canine leishmaniasis has been recently shown to be associated with disease relapse in naturally-infected dogs. However, information regarding the formation of resistance and its dynamics is lacking. This study describes the successful in-vitro induction of allopurinol resistance in Leishmania infantum cultured under increasing drug pressure. Allopurinol susceptibility and growth rate of induced parasites were monitored over 23 weeks and parasite clones were tested at selected time points and compared to their parental lines, both as promastigotes and as amastigotes. Allopurinol resistance was formed in strains from two parasite stocks producing a 20-fold rise in IC50 along three distinct growth phases. In addition, characteristic differential clustering of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) was found in drug sensitive and resistant parasite clones. Results confirm that genetic polymorphism, as well as clonal heterogeneity, contribute to in-vitro resistance to allopurinol, which is likely to occur in natural infection. Visceral leishmaniasis caused by the parasite Leishmania infantum is a neglected tropical disease transmitted from animal hosts to humans by sand fly bites. This potentially fatal disease affects thousands of people annually and threatens millions who live in disease risk areas. Domestic dogs are considered as the main reservoir of this parasite which can also cause a severe chronic canine disease. Allopurinol is the main drug used for long term treatment of this disease but it often does not eliminate infection in dogs. We have recently demonstrated that allopurinol resistant parasites can be isolated from naturally infected dogs that have developed clinical recurrence of disease during allopurinol treatment. In this study we aimed to see if resistance can be induced in susceptible parasite strains isolated from sick dogs by growing them in increasing drug concentrations under laboratory conditions. The changes in allopurinol susceptibility were measured and the impact of drug on parasite growth was monitored over 23 weeks. Induction of resistance was successful producing parasites 20-folds less susceptible to the drug. The pattern of change in drug susceptibility suggests that a genetic change is responsible for the increased resistance which is likely to mimic the formation of resistance in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles L. Jaffe
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, The Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Science, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Lior David
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gad Baneth
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Gomes MN, Alcântara LM, Neves BJ, Melo-Filho CC, Freitas-Junior LH, Moraes CB, Ma R, Franzblau SG, Muratov E, Andrade CH. Computer-aided discovery of two novel chalcone-like compounds active and selective against Leishmania infantum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2459-2464. [PMID: 28434763 PMCID: PMC6020026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis are infectious diseases caused by parasites of genus Leishmania that affect affects 12 million people in 98 countries mainly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Effective treatments for this disease are urgently needed. In this study, we present a computer-aided approach to investigate a set of 32 recently synthesized chalcone and chalcone-like compounds to act as antileishmanial agents. As a result, nine most promising compounds and three potentially inactive compounds were experimentally evaluated against Leishmania infantum amastigotes and mammalian cells. Four compounds exhibited EC50 in the range of 6.2-10.98μM. In addition, two compounds, LabMol-65 and LabMol-73, exhibited cytotoxicity in macrophages >50μM that resulted in better selectivity compared to standard drug amphotericin B. These two compounds also demonstrated low cytotoxicity and high selectivity towards Vero cells. The results of target fishing followed by homology modeling and docking studies suggest that these chalcone compounds could act in Leishmania because of their interaction with cysteine proteases, such as procathepsin L. Finally, we have provided structural recommendations for designing new antileishmanial chalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo N Gomes
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Goias, Rua 240, Qd.87, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiania, Goias 74605-510, Brazil
| | - Laura M Alcântara
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. d Instituto Butantan - Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno J Neves
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Goias, Rua 240, Qd.87, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiania, Goias 74605-510, Brazil; Postgraduate Program on Society, Technology and Enviroment, University Center of Anápolis/UniEVANGELICA, Anápolis, Goiás 75083-515, Brazil
| | - Cleber C Melo-Filho
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Goias, Rua 240, Qd.87, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiania, Goias 74605-510, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina B Moraes
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. d Instituto Butantan - Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Rui Ma
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Eugene Muratov
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Chemical Technology, Odessa National Polytechnic University, Odessa 65000, Ukraine; Currently Visiting Professor at Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Goias, Rua 240, Qd.87, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiania, Goias 74605-510, Brazil.
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Adinehbeigi K, Razi Jalali MH, Shahriari A, Bahrami S. In vitro antileishmanial activity of fisetin flavonoid via inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis and arginase activity in Leishmania infantum. Pathog Glob Health 2017; 111:176-185. [PMID: 28385129 PMCID: PMC5498762 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2017.1312777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing emergence of drug resistant Leishmania sp. in recent years, combination therapy has been considered as a useful way to treat and control of Leishmaniasis. The present study was designed to evaluate the antileishmanial effects of the fisetin alone and combination of fisetin plus Meglumine antimoniate (Fi-MA) against Leishmania infantum. The IC50 values for fisetin were obtained 0.283 and 0.102 μM against promastigotes and amastigote forms, respectively. Meglumine antimoniate (MA, Glucantime) as control drug also revealed IC50 values of 0.247 and 0.105 μM for promastigotes and amastigotes of L. infantum, respectively. In order to determine the mode of action of fisetin and Meglumine antimoniate (MA, Glucantime), the activities of arginase (ARG), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Moreover, intracellular glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in L. infantum-infected macrophages and L. infantum promastigotes which were treated with IC50 concentrations of fisetin, MA and Fi-MA were investigated. Our results showed that MA decreased CAT and SOD activity and increased NO levels in L. infantum-infected macrophages. In promastigotes, MA inhibited parasite SOD activity and reduced parasite NO production. The decreased levels of most of the antioxidant enzymes, accompanying by the raised level of NO in treated macrophages with MA, were observed to regain their normal profiles due to Fi-MA treatment. Furthermore, fisetin could prevent the growth of promastigotes by inhibition of ARG activity and reduction of GSH levels and NO production. In conclusion, these findings showed that fisetin improves MA side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Adinehbeigi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Shahriari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Basic sciences Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Bahrami
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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