1
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Bouzidi HS, Driouich JS, Klitting R, Bernadin O, Piorkowski G, Amaral R, Fraisse L, Mowbray CE, Scandale I, Escudié F, Chatelain E, de Lamballerie X, Nougairède A, Touret F. Generation and evaluation of protease inhibitor-resistant SARS-CoV-2 strains. Antiviral Res 2024; 222:105814. [PMID: 38272321 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the search for antiviral therapies has been at the forefront of medical research. To date, the 3CLpro inhibitor nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid®) has shown the best results in clinical trials and the greatest robustness against variants. A second SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitor, ensitrelvir (Xocova®), has been developed. Ensitrelvir, currently in Phase 3, was approved in Japan under the emergency regulatory approval procedure in November 2022, and is available since March 31, 2023. One of the limitations for the use of antiviral monotherapies is the emergence of resistance mutations. Here, we experimentally generated mutants resistant to nirmatrelvir and ensitrelvir in vitro following repeating passages of SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of both antivirals. For both molecules, we demonstrated a loss of sensitivity for resistance mutants in vitro. Using a Syrian golden hamster infection model, we showed that the ensitrelvir M49L mutation, in the multi-passage strain, confers a high level of in vivo resistance. Finally, we identified a recent increase in the prevalence of M49L-carrying sequences, which appears to be associated with multiple repeated emergence events in Japan and may be related to the use of Xocova® in the country since November 2022. These results highlight the strategic importance of genetic monitoring of circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains to ensure that treatments administered retain their full effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawa Sophia Bouzidi
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Sélim Driouich
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Raphaëlle Klitting
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Ornéllie Bernadin
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Géraldine Piorkowski
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Rayane Amaral
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Fraisse
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Ivan Scandale
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Escudié
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Nougairède
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Touret
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Marseille, France.
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2
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de Oliveira Rezende Júnior C, Martinez PDG, Ferreira RAA, Koovits PJ, Miranda Soares B, Ferreira LLG, Michelan-Duarte S, Chelucci RC, Andricopulo AD, Matheeussen A, Van Pelt N, Caljon G, Maes L, Campbell S, Kratz JM, Mowbray CE, Dias LC. Hit-to-lead optimization of a 2-aminobenzimidazole series as new candidates for chagas disease. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114925. [PMID: 36459758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Because current treatments present several limitations, including long duration, variable efficacy and serious side effects, there is an urgent need to explore new antitrypanosomal drugs. The present study describes the hit-to-lead optimization of a 2-aminobenzimidazole hit 1 identified through in vitro phenotypic screening of a chemical library against intracellular Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes, which focused on optimizing potency, selectivity, microsomal stability and lipophilicity. Multiparametric Structure-Activity Relationships were investigated using a set of 277 derivatives. Although the physicochemical and biological properties of the initial hits were improved, a combination of low kinetic solubility and in vitro cytotoxicity against mammalian cells prevented progression of the best compounds to an efficacy study using a mouse model of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul John Koovits
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-861, Brazil
| | - Bruna Miranda Soares
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-861, Brazil
| | - Leonardo L G Ferreira
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Simone Michelan-Duarte
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Rafael Consolin Chelucci
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Adriano D Andricopulo
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - An Matheeussen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Natascha Van Pelt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Simon Campbell
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 15 Chemin Camille-Vidart, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jadel M Kratz
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 15 Chemin Camille-Vidart, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles E Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 15 Chemin Camille-Vidart, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luiz Carlos Dias
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-861, Brazil.
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3
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Assmus F, Driouich JS, Abdelnabi R, Vangeel L, Touret F, Adehin A, Chotsiri P, Cochin M, Foo CS, Jochmans D, Kim S, Luciani L, Moureau G, Park S, Pétit PR, Shum D, Wattanakul T, Weynand B, Fraisse L, Ioset JR, Mowbray CE, Owen A, Hoglund RM, Tarning J, de Lamballerie X, Nougairède A, Neyts J, Sjö P, Escudié F, Scandale I, Chatelain E. Need for a Standardized Translational Drug Development Platform: Lessons Learned from the Repurposing of Drugs for COVID-19. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1639. [PMID: 36014057 PMCID: PMC9460261 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the absence of drugs to treat or prevent COVID-19, drug repurposing can be a valuable strategy. Despite a substantial number of clinical trials, drug repurposing did not deliver on its promise. While success was observed with some repurposed drugs (e.g., remdesivir, dexamethasone, tocilizumab, baricitinib), others failed to show clinical efficacy. One reason is the lack of clear translational processes based on adequate preclinical profiling before clinical evaluation. Combined with limitations of existing in vitro and in vivo models, there is a need for a systematic approach to urgent antiviral drug development in the context of a global pandemic. We implemented a methodology to test repurposed and experimental drugs to generate robust preclinical evidence for further clinical development. This translational drug development platform comprises in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models of SARS-CoV-2, along with pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation approaches to evaluate exposure levels in plasma and target organs. Here, we provide examples of identified repurposed antiviral drugs tested within our multidisciplinary collaboration to highlight lessons learned in urgent antiviral drug development during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our data confirm the importance of assessing in vitro and in vivo potency in multiple assays to boost the translatability of pre-clinical data. The value of pharmacokinetic modeling and simulations for compound prioritization is also discussed. We advocate the need for a standardized translational drug development platform for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 to generate preclinical evidence in support of clinical trials. We propose clear prerequisites for progression of drug candidates for repurposing into clinical trials. Further research is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the scope and limitations of the presented translational drug development platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Assmus
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK
| | - Jean-Sélim Driouich
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix-Marseille University, 190-Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Vangeel
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Franck Touret
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix-Marseille University, 190-Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Ayorinde Adehin
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK
| | - Palang Chotsiri
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Maxime Cochin
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix-Marseille University, 190-Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Caroline S. Foo
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Jochmans
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seungtaek Kim
- Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea
| | - Léa Luciani
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix-Marseille University, 190-Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Grégory Moureau
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix-Marseille University, 190-Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Soonju Park
- Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea
| | - Paul-Rémi Pétit
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix-Marseille University, 190-Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - David Shum
- Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea
| | - Thanaporn Wattanakul
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Birgit Weynand
- Departmet of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurent Fraisse
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Robert Ioset
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles E. Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Owen
- Centre for Excellence in Long-Acting Therapeutics (CELT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Richard M. Hoglund
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK
| | - Joel Tarning
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix-Marseille University, 190-Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Nougairède
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix-Marseille University, 190-Inserm 1207, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Johan Neyts
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Peter Sjö
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Escudié
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Scandale
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Driouich JS, Cochin M, Touret F, Petit PR, Gilles M, Moureau G, Barthélémy K, Laprie C, Wattanakul T, Chotsiri P, Hoglund RM, Tarning J, Fraisse L, Sjö P, Mowbray CE, Escudié F, Scandale I, Chatelain E, de Lamballerie X, Solas C, Nougairède A. Pre-clinical evaluation of antiviral activity of nitazoxanide against SARS-CoV-2. EBioMedicine 2022; 82:104148. [PMID: 35834886 PMCID: PMC9271885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To address the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, multiple clinical trials in humans were rapidly started, including those involving an oral treatment by nitazoxanide, despite no or limited pre-clinical evidence of antiviral efficacy. Methods In this work, we present a complete pre-clinical evaluation of the antiviral activity of nitazoxanide against SARS-CoV-2. Findings First, we confirmed the in vitro efficacy of nitazoxanide and tizoxanide (its active metabolite) against SARS-CoV-2. Then, we demonstrated nitazoxanide activity in a reconstructed bronchial human airway epithelium model. In a SARS-CoV-2 virus challenge model in hamsters, oral and intranasal treatment with nitazoxanide failed to impair viral replication in commonly affected organs. We hypothesized that this could be due to insufficient diffusion of the drug into organs of interest. Indeed, our pharmacokinetic study confirmed that concentrations of tizoxanide in organs of interest were always below the in vitro EC50. Interpretation These preclinical results suggest, if directly applicable to humans, that the standard formulation and dosage of nitazoxanide is not effective in providing antiviral therapy for Covid-19. Funding This work was supported by the Fondation de France “call FLASH COVID-19”, project TAMAC, by “Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale” through the REACTing (REsearch and ACTion targeting emerging infectious diseases), by REACTING/ANRS MIE under the agreement No. 21180 (‘Activité des molécules antivirales dans le modèle hamster’), by European Virus Archive Global (EVA 213 GLOBAL) funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 871029 and DNDi under support by the Wellcome Trust Grant ref: 222489/Z/21/Z through the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sélim Driouich
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France.
| | - Maxime Cochin
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Franck Touret
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Paul-Rémi Petit
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Magali Gilles
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Grégory Moureau
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Karine Barthélémy
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | | | - Thanaporn Wattanakul
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Palang Chotsiri
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Richard M Hoglund
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Tarning
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Fraisse
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter Sjö
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Fanny Escudié
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Scandale
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Solas
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France; APHM, Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et Toxicologie, Hôpital La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Nougairède
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
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5
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Abdelnabi R, Foo CS, Jochmans D, Vangeel L, De Jonghe S, Augustijns P, Mols R, Weynand B, Wattanakul T, Hoglund RM, Tarning J, Mowbray CE, Sjö P, Escudié F, Scandale I, Chatelain E, Neyts J. The oral protease inhibitor (PF-07321332) protects Syrian hamsters against infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Nat Commun 2022; 13:719. [PMID: 35169114 PMCID: PMC8847371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for potent and selective antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. Pfizer developed PF-07321332 (PF-332), a potent inhibitor of the viral main protease (Mpro, 3CLpro) that can be dosed orally and that is in clinical development. We here report that PF-332 exerts equipotent in vitro activity against the four SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns (VoC) and that it can completely arrest replication of the alpha variant in primary human airway epithelial cells grown at the air-liquid interface. Treatment of Syrian Golden hamsters with PF-332 (250 mg/kg, twice daily) completely protected the animals against intranasal infection with the beta (B.1.351) and delta (B.1.617.2) SARS-CoV-2 variants. Moreover, treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.617.2) infected animals with PF-332 completely prevented transmission to untreated co-housed sentinels. There is an urgent need for anti-virals targeting SARS-CoV-2. One of the most promising viral targets is the main protease of SARS-CoV-2, which is essential for viral replication and has no human analogue. Here, Abdelnabi et al. show that one of the most promising anti-virals (PF-07321332), currently in clinical trials, protects against SARS-CoV-2 alpha, beta and delta variant infection and provide evidence of reduced transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Abdelnabi
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Global Virus Network, GVN, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caroline S Foo
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Global Virus Network, GVN, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dirk Jochmans
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Global Virus Network, GVN, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura Vangeel
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Global Virus Network, GVN, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery & Disposition, Box 921, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raf Mols
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery & Disposition, Box 921, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Birgit Weynand
- KU Leuven Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thanaporn Wattanakul
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Richard M Hoglund
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joel Tarning
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Peter Sjö
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Escudié
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Scandale
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Global Virus Network, GVN, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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6
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Mowbray CE, Braillard S, Glossop PA, Whitlock GA, Jacobs RT, Speake J, Pandi B, Nare B, Maes L, Yardley V, Freund Y, Wall RJ, Carvalho S, Bello D, Van den Kerkhof M, Caljon G, Gilbert IH, Corpas-Lopez V, Lukac I, Patterson S, Zuccotto F, Wyllie S. DNDI-6148: A Novel Benzoxaborole Preclinical Candidate for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16159-16176. [PMID: 34711050 PMCID: PMC8591608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic disease endemic across multiple regions of the world and is fatal if untreated. Current therapies are unsuitable, and there is an urgent need for safe, short-course, and low-cost oral treatments to combat this neglected disease. The benzoxaborole chemotype has previously delivered clinical candidates for the treatment of other parasitic diseases. Here, we describe the development and optimization of this series, leading to the identification of compounds with potent in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity. The lead compound (DNDI-6148) combines impressive in vivo efficacy (>98% reduction in parasite burden) with pharmaceutical properties suitable for onward development and an acceptable safety profile. Detailed mode of action studies confirm that DNDI-6148 acts principally through the inhibition of Leishmania cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF3) endonuclease. As a result of these studies and its promising profile, DNDI-6148 has been declared a preclinical candidate for the treatment of VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Mowbray
- Drugs
for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), 15 Chemin Louis-Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland,
| | - Stéphanie Braillard
- Drugs
for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), 15 Chemin Louis-Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul A. Glossop
- Sandexis
Medicinal Chemistry Ltd, Innovation House, Discovery Park, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9ND, U.K.
| | - Gavin A. Whitlock
- Sandexis
Medicinal Chemistry Ltd, Innovation House, Discovery Park, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9ND, U.K.
| | - Robert T. Jacobs
- Scynexis, 3501 C Tricenter Boulevard, Durham, North Carolina 27713, United States
| | - Jason Speake
- Scynexis, 3501 C Tricenter Boulevard, Durham, North Carolina 27713, United States
| | - Bharathi Pandi
- Scynexis, 3501 C Tricenter Boulevard, Durham, North Carolina 27713, United States
| | - Bakela Nare
- Scynexis, 3501 C Tricenter Boulevard, Durham, North Carolina 27713, United States
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory
for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Yardley
- Faculty
of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London
School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, U.K.
| | - Yvonne Freund
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, 1020 East Meadow Circle, Palo Alto, California 94303, United States
| | - Richard J. Wall
- Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Wellcome Centre for Anti-infectives
Research, School of Life Sciences, University
of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, U.K.
| | - Sandra Carvalho
- Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Wellcome Centre for Anti-infectives
Research, School of Life Sciences, University
of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, U.K.
| | - Davide Bello
- Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Wellcome Centre for Anti-infectives
Research, School of Life Sciences, University
of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, U.K.
| | - Magali Van den Kerkhof
- Laboratory
for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory
for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ian H. Gilbert
- Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Wellcome Centre for Anti-infectives
Research, School of Life Sciences, University
of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, U.K.
| | - Victoriano Corpas-Lopez
- Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Wellcome Centre for Anti-infectives
Research, School of Life Sciences, University
of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, U.K.
| | - Iva Lukac
- Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Wellcome Centre for Anti-infectives
Research, School of Life Sciences, University
of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, U.K.
| | - Stephen Patterson
- Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Wellcome Centre for Anti-infectives
Research, School of Life Sciences, University
of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, U.K.
| | - Fabio Zuccotto
- Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Wellcome Centre for Anti-infectives
Research, School of Life Sciences, University
of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, U.K.
| | - Susan Wyllie
- Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Wellcome Centre for Anti-infectives
Research, School of Life Sciences, University
of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1
5EH, U.K.,
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7
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Van den Kerkhof M, Leprohon P, Mabille D, Hendrickx S, Tulloch LB, Wall RJ, Wyllie S, Chatelain E, Mowbray CE, Braillard S, Ouellette M, Maes L, Caljon G. Identification of Resistance Determinants for a Promising Antileishmanial Oxaborole Series. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071408. [PMID: 34210040 PMCID: PMC8305145 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis have several drawbacks, and clinicians are confronted with an increasing number of treatment failures. To overcome this, the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) has invested in the development of novel antileishmanial leads, including a very promising class of oxaboroles. The mode of action/resistance of this series to Leishmania is still unknown and may be important for its further development and implementation. Repeated in vivo drug exposure and an in vitro selection procedure on both extracellular promastigote and intracellular amastigote stages were both unable to select for resistance. The use of specific inhibitors for ABC-transporters could not demonstrate the putative involvement of efflux pumps. Selection experiments and inhibitor studies, therefore, suggest that resistance to oxaboroles may not emerge readily in the field. The selection of a genome-wide cosmid library coupled to next-generation sequencing (Cos-seq) was used to identify resistance determinants and putative targets. This resulted in the identification of a highly enriched cosmid, harboring genes of chromosome 2 that confer a subtly increased resistance to the oxaboroles tested. Moderately enriched cosmids encompassing a region of chromosome 34 contained the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (cpsf) gene, encoding the molecular target of several related benzoxaboroles in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Van den Kerkhof
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.V.d.K.); (D.M.); (S.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Philippe Leprohon
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (P.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Dorien Mabille
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.V.d.K.); (D.M.); (S.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Sarah Hendrickx
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.V.d.K.); (D.M.); (S.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Lindsay B. Tulloch
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; (L.B.T.); (R.J.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Richard J. Wall
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; (L.B.T.); (R.J.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Susan Wyllie
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; (L.B.T.); (R.J.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (E.C.); (C.E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Charles E. Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (E.C.); (C.E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Stéphanie Braillard
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (E.C.); (C.E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Marc Ouellette
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (P.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.V.d.K.); (D.M.); (S.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (M.V.d.K.); (D.M.); (S.H.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-32652610
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8
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Van Bocxlaer K, McArthur KN, Harris A, Alavijeh M, Braillard S, Mowbray CE, Croft SL. Film-Forming Systems for the Delivery of DNDI-0690 to Treat Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:516. [PMID: 33918099 PMCID: PMC8069359 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), parasites reside in the dermis, creating an opportunity for local drug administration potentially reducing adverse effects and improving treatment adherence compared to current therapies. Polymeric film-forming systems (FFSs) are directly applied to the skin and form a thin film as the solvent evaporates. In contrast to conventional topical dosage forms, FFSs strongly adhere to the skin, favouring sustained drug delivery to the affected site, reducing the need for frequent applications, and enhancing patient compliance. This study reports the first investigation of the use of film-forming systems for the delivery of DNDI-0690, a nitroimidazole compound with potent activity against CL-causing Leishmania species. A total of seven polymers with or without plasticiser were evaluated for drying time, stickiness, film-flexibility, and cosmetic attributes; three FFSs yielded a positive evaluation for all test parameters. The impact of each of these FFSs on the permeation of the model skin permeant hydrocortisone (hydrocortisone, 1% (w/v) across the Strat-M membrane was evaluated, and the formulations resulting in the highest and lowest permeation flux (Klucel LF with triethyl citrate and Eudragit RS with dibutyl sebacate, respectively) were selected as the FFS vehicle for DNDI-0690. The release and skin distribution of the drug upon application to Leishmania-infected and uninfected BALB/c mouse skin were examined using Franz diffusion cells followed by an evaluation of the efficacy of both DNDI-0690 FFSs (1% (w/v)) in an experimental CL model. Whereas the Eudragit film resulted in a higher permeation of DNDI-0690, the Klucel film was able to deposit four times more drug into the skin, where the parasite resides. Of the FFSs formulations, only the Eudragit system resulted in a reduced parasite load, but not reduced lesion size, when compared to the vehicle only control. Whereas drug delivery into the skin was successfully modulated using different FFS systems, the FFS systems selected were not effective for the topical application of DNDI-0690. The convenience and aesthetic of FFS systems alongside their ability to modulate drug delivery to and into the skin merit further investigation using other promising antileishmanial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van Bocxlaer
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Kerri-Nicola McArthur
- Pharmidex Pharmaceutical Services Ltd., London EC2V 8AU, UK; (K.-N.M.); (A.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Andy Harris
- Pharmidex Pharmaceutical Services Ltd., London EC2V 8AU, UK; (K.-N.M.); (A.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Mo Alavijeh
- Pharmidex Pharmaceutical Services Ltd., London EC2V 8AU, UK; (K.-N.M.); (A.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Stéphanie Braillard
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (S.B.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Charles E. Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; (S.B.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Simon L. Croft
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
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9
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Ferreira RAA, Junior CDOR, Martinez PDG, Koovits PJ, Soares BM, Ferreira LLG, Michelan-Duarte S, Chelucci RC, Andricopulo AD, Galuppo MK, Uliana SRB, Matheeussen A, Caljon G, Maes L, Campbell S, Kratz JM, Mowbray CE, Dias LC. 2-aminobenzimidazoles for leishmaniasis: From initial hit discovery to in vivo profiling. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009196. [PMID: 33617566 PMCID: PMC7932521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a major infectious disease with hundreds of thousands of new cases and over 20,000 deaths each year. The current drugs to treat this life-threatening infection have several drawbacks such as toxicity and long treatment regimens. A library of 1.8 million compounds, from which the hits reported here are publicly available, was screened against Leishmania infantum as part of an optimization program; a compound was found with a 2-aminobenzimidazole functionality presenting moderate potency, low metabolic stability and high lipophilicity. Several rounds of synthesis were performed to incorporate chemical groups capable of reducing lipophilicity and clearance, leading to the identification of compounds that are active against different parasite strains and have improved in vitro properties. As a result of this optimization program, a group of compounds was further tested in anticipation of in vivo evaluation. In vivo tests were carried out with compounds 29 (L. infantum IC50: 4.1 μM) and 39 (L. infantum IC50: 0.5 μM) in an acute L. infantum VL mouse model, which showed problems of poor exposure and lack of efficacy, despite the good in vitro potency. Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting millions of people worldwide and, in the case of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), is potentially fatal if untreated. Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania spp. are the causative agents of leishmaniasis, which has different clinical manifestations, including the visceral form and a cutaneous form that causes disfiguring skin lesions. The current treatment options are limited either by the length of treatment or toxic side effects. Starting from a promising hit in an in vitro phenotypic screen, hundreds of analogues were synthesized with the aim of finding a molecule capable of killing the parasite whilst causing little or no harm to the patient. The program led to several active compounds with good in vitro activity against L. infantum intracellular amastigotes, however, in vivo data showed low parasiticidal efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul John Koovits
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo L. G. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Michelan-Duarte
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Consolin Chelucci
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano D. Andricopulo
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana K. Galuppo
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia R. B. Uliana
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - An Matheeussen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Simon Campbell
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jadel M. Kratz
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Luiz Carlos Dias
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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10
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Koovits PJ, Dessoy MA, Matheeussen A, Maes L, Caljon G, Ferreira LLG, Chelucci RC, Michelan-Duarte S, Andricopulo AD, Campbell S, Kratz JM, Mowbray CE, Dias LC. Hit-to-lead optimization of a benzene sulfonamide series for potential antileishmanial agents. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1267-1274. [PMID: 34085041 PMCID: PMC8126888 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00165a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of benzene sulphonamides with good potency and selectivity against Leishmania spp. intracellular amastigotes was identified by high-throughput screening. Approximately 200 compounds were synthesized as part of a hit-to-lead optimization program. The potency of the series appears to be strongly dependent on lipophilicity, making the identification of suitable orally available candidates challenging due to poor pharmacokinetics. Despite not identifying a clinical candidate, a likely solvent exposed area was found, best exemplified in compound 29. Ongoing detailed mode-of-action studies may provide an opportunity to use target-based medicinal chemistry to overcome the issues with the current series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Koovits
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Rua Josué de Castro, S/N, Cidade Universitária Campinas SP 13083-861 Brazil +55 19 3521 3097
| | - Marco A Dessoy
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Rua Josué de Castro, S/N, Cidade Universitária Campinas SP 13083-861 Brazil +55 19 3521 3097
| | - An Matheeussen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Leonardo L G Ferreira
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Physics Institute of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo Av. Joao Dagnone 1100 13563-120 Sao Carlos-SP Brazil
| | - Rafael C Chelucci
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Physics Institute of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo Av. Joao Dagnone 1100 13563-120 Sao Carlos-SP Brazil
| | - Simone Michelan-Duarte
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Physics Institute of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo Av. Joao Dagnone 1100 13563-120 Sao Carlos-SP Brazil
| | - Adriano D Andricopulo
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Physics Institute of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo Av. Joao Dagnone 1100 13563-120 Sao Carlos-SP Brazil
| | - Simon Campbell
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) 15 Chemin Louis-Dunant 1202 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Jadel M Kratz
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) 15 Chemin Louis-Dunant 1202 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Charles E Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) 15 Chemin Louis-Dunant 1202 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Luiz C Dias
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Rua Josué de Castro, S/N, Cidade Universitária Campinas SP 13083-861 Brazil +55 19 3521 3097
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11
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Van Bocxlaer K, Caridha D, Black C, Vesely B, Leed S, Sciotti RJ, Wijnant GJ, Yardley V, Braillard S, Mowbray CE, Ioset JR, Croft SL. Novel benzoxaborole, nitroimidazole and aminopyrazoles with activity against experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2019; 11:129-138. [PMID: 30922847 PMCID: PMC6904836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) has identified three chemical lead series, the nitroimidazoles, benzoxaboroles and aminopyrazoles, as innovative treatments for visceral leishmaniasis. The leads discovered using phenotypic screening, were optimised following disease- and compound-specific criteria. Several leads of each series were progressed and preclinical drug candidates have been nominated. Here we evaluate the efficacy of the lead compounds of each of these three chemical classes in in vitro and in vivo models of cutaneous leishmaniasis. METHODS The in vitro activity of fifty-five compounds was evaluated against the intracellular amastigotes of L. major, L. aethiopica, L. amazonensis, L. panamensis, L. mexicana and L. tropica. The drugs demonstrating potent activity (EC50 < 5 μM) against at least 4 of 6 species were subsequently evaluated in vivo in different L. major - BALB/c mouse models using a 5 or 10-day treatment with either the oral or topical formulations. Efficacy was expressed as lesion size (measured daily using callipers), parasite load (by quantitative PCR - DNA) and bioluminescence signal reduction relative to the untreated controls. RESULTS The selected drug compounds (3 nitroimidazoles, 1 benzoxaborole and 3 aminopyrazoles) showed consistent and potent activity across a range of Leishmania species that are known to cause CL with EC50 values ranging from 0.29 to 18.3 μM. In all cases, this potent in vitro antileishmanial activity translated into high levels of efficacy with a linear dose-response against murine CL. When administered at 50 mg/kg/day, DNDI-0690 (nitroimidazole), DNDI-1047 (aminopyrazole) and DNDI-6148 (benzoxaborole) all resulted in a significant lesion size reduction (no visible nodule) and an approximate 2-log-fold reduction of the parasite load as measured by qPCR compared to the untreated control. CONCLUSIONS The lead compounds DNDI-0690, DNDI-1047 and DNDI-6148 showed excellent activity across a range of Leishmania species in vitro and against L. major in mice. These compounds offer novel potential drugs for the treatment of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van Bocxlaer
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infections and Tropical Diseases, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Caridha
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Chad Black
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Brian Vesely
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Susan Leed
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Richard J Sciotti
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Biodefense, Research Resources and Translational Research, 5601 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gert-Jan Wijnant
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infections and Tropical Diseases, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Yardley
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infections and Tropical Diseases, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie Braillard
- Drugs for Neglected Disease initiative (DNDi), Chemin Louis Dunant 15, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles E Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected Disease initiative (DNDi), Chemin Louis Dunant 15, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Robert Ioset
- Drugs for Neglected Disease initiative (DNDi), Chemin Louis Dunant 15, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simon L Croft
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infections and Tropical Diseases, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
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12
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Koovits PJ, Dessoy MA, Matheeussen A, Maes L, Caljon G, Mowbray CE, Kratz JM, Dias LC. Structure-activity relationship of 4-azaindole-2-piperidine derivatives as agents against Trypanosoma cruzi. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 30:126779. [PMID: 31706667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The structure-activity relationship of a 4-Azaindole-2-piperidine compound selected from GlaxoSmithKline's recently disclosed open-resource "Chagas box" and possessing moderate activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite responsible for Chagas disease, is presented. Despite considerable medicinal chemistry efforts, a suitably potent and metabolically stable compound could not be identified to advance the series into in vivo studies. This research should be of interest to those in the area of neglected diseases and in particular anti-kinetoplastid drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Koovits
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Josué de Castro, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP 13083-861, Brazil
| | - Marco A Dessoy
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Josué de Castro, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP 13083-861, Brazil
| | - An Matheeussen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Charles E Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 15 Chemin Louis-Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jadel M Kratz
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 15 Chemin Louis-Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luiz C Dias
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Josué de Castro, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP 13083-861, Brazil.
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13
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Rao SPS, Barrett MP, Dranoff G, Faraday CJ, Gimpelewicz CR, Hailu A, Jones CL, Kelly JM, Lazdins-Helds JK, Mäser P, Mengel J, Mottram JC, Mowbray CE, Sacks DL, Scott P, Späth GF, Tarleton RL, Spector JM, Diagana TT. Drug Discovery for Kinetoplastid Diseases: Future Directions. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:152-157. [PMID: 30543391 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Kinetoplastid parasites have caused human disease for millennia. Significant achievements have been made toward developing new treatments for leishmaniasis (particularly on the Indian subcontinent) and for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Moreover, the sustained decrease in the incidence of HAT has made the prospect of elimination a tantalizing reality. Despite the gains, no new chemical or biological entities to treat kinetoplastid diseases have been registered in more than three decades, and more work is needed to discover safe and effective therapies for patients with Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. Advances in tools for drug discovery and novel insights into the biology of the host-parasite interaction may provide opportunities for accelerated progress. Here, we summarize the output from a gathering of scientists and physicians who met to discuss the current status and future directions in drug discovery for kinetoplastid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa P. S. Rao
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases (NITD), 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Michael P. Barrett
- University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Immuno-oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher J. Faraday
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, NIBR, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Asrat Hailu
- School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 28017 code 1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Catherine L. Jones
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases (NITD), 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - John M. Kelly
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pascal Mäser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4501 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH 4000 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jose Mengel
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ-RJ, Av. Brasil 4365, Cep: 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine of Petropolis, University in Petròpolis, Av. Barao do Rio Branco 1003, Cep: 25680-120, Petropolis-RJ, Brazil
| | - Jeremy C. Mottram
- University of York, Wentworth Way Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Charles E. Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected
Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis-Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David L. Sacks
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 4 Memorial Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Phillip Scott
- University of Pennsylvania, 380 South University Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Gerald F. Späth
- Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rick L. Tarleton
- University of Georgia, Coverdell Center, 500 DW Brooks Dr, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Spector
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases (NITD), 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Thierry T. Diagana
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases (NITD), 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
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Van den Kerkhof M, Mabille D, Chatelain E, Mowbray CE, Braillard S, Hendrickx S, Maes L, Caljon G. In vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamics of three novel antileishmanial lead series. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2018; 8:81-86. [PMID: 29425734 PMCID: PMC6114106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Three new chemical series (bicyclic nitroimidazoles, aminopyrazoles and oxaboroles) were selected by Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative as potential new drug leads for leishmaniasis. Pharmacodynamics studies included both in vitro and in vivo efficacy, cross-resistance profiling against the current antileishmanial reference drugs and evaluation of their cidal activity potential. Methods Efficacy against the reference laboratory strains of Leishmania infantum (MHOM/MA(BE)/67/ITMAP263) and L. donovani (MHOM/ET/67/L82) was evaluated in vitro on intracellular amastigotes and in vivo in the early curative hamster model. Cidal activity was assessed over a period of 15 days in an in vitro ‘time-to-kill’ assay. Cross-resistance was assessed in vitro on a panel of L. infantum strains with different degrees of resistance to either antimony, miltefosine or paromomycin. Results All lead compounds showed potent and selective in vitro activity against the Leishmania strains tested and no cross-resistance could be demonstrated against any of the current antileishmanial drugs. Cidal activity was obtained in vitro for all series within 15 days of exposure with some differences noted between L. donovani and L. infantum. When evaluated in vivo, all lead compounds showed high efficacy and no adverse effects were observed. Conclusions The new lead series were shown to have cidal pharmacodynamic activity. The absence of cross-resistance with any of the current antileishmanial drugs opens possibilities for combination treatment to reduce the likelihood of treatment failures and drug resistance. Good efficacy was evaluated for all series in vitro and in vivo. No cross-resistance towards current anti-leishmanial drugs was observed. Cidal activity was obtained in vitro for all series within 15 days of exposure. Some differences were observed between L. infantum and L. donovani.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Van den Kerkhof
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - D Mabille
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - E Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Disease initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C E Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected Disease initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Braillard
- Drugs for Neglected Disease initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Hendrickx
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - L Maes
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - G Caljon
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Belgium.
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15
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Thompson AM, Marshall AJ, Maes L, Yarlett N, Bacchi CJ, Gaukel E, Wring SA, Launay D, Braillard S, Chatelain E, Mowbray CE, Denny WA. Assessment of a pretomanid analogue library for African trypanosomiasis: Hit-to-lead studies on 6-substituted 2-nitro-6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine 8-oxides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 28:207-213. [PMID: 29191556 PMCID: PMC5840523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A 900 compound nitroimidazole-based library derived from our pretomanid backup program with TB Alliance was screened for utility against human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) by the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative. Potent hits included 2-nitro-6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine 8-oxides, which surprisingly displayed good metabolic stability and excellent cell permeability. Following comprehensive mouse pharmacokinetic assessments on four hits and determination of the most active chiral form, a thiazine oxide counterpart of pretomanid (24) was identified as the best lead. With once daily oral dosing, this compound delivered complete cures in an acute infection mouse model of HAT and increased survival times in a stage 2 model, implying the need for more prolonged CNS exposure. In preliminary SAR findings, antitrypanosomal activity was reduced by removal of the benzylic methylene but enhanced through a phenylpyridine-based side chain, providing important direction for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Thompson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew J Marshall
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nigel Yarlett
- Haskins Laboratories, Pace University, NY 10038, USA
| | | | - Eric Gaukel
- Scynexis, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27713, USA
| | | | - Delphine Launay
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Braillard
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles E Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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17
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Mowbray CE, Braillard S, Speed W, Glossop PA, Whitlock GA, Gibson KR, Mills JEJ, Brown AD, Gardner JMF, Cao Y, Hua W, Morgans GL, Feijens PB, Matheeussen A, Maes LJ. Novel Amino-pyrazole Ureas with Potent In Vitro and In Vivo Antileishmanial Activity. J Med Chem 2015; 58:9615-24. [PMID: 26571076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a severe parasitic disease that is one of the most neglected tropical diseases. Treatment options are limited, and there is an urgent need for new therapeutic agents. Following an HTS campaign and hit optimization, a novel series of amino-pyrazole ureas has been identified with potent in vitro antileishmanial activity. Furthermore, compound 26 shows high levels of in vivo efficacy (>90%) against Leishmania infantum, thus demonstrating proof of concept for this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) , 15 Chemin Louis-Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Braillard
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) , 15 Chemin Louis-Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - William Speed
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) , 15 Chemin Louis-Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul A Glossop
- Sandexis Medicinal Chemistry Ltd., Innovation House , Discovery Park, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9ND, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin A Whitlock
- Sandexis Medicinal Chemistry Ltd., Innovation House , Discovery Park, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9ND, United Kingdom
| | - Karl R Gibson
- Sandexis Medicinal Chemistry Ltd., Innovation House , Discovery Park, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9ND, United Kingdom
| | - James E J Mills
- Sandexis Medicinal Chemistry Ltd., Innovation House , Discovery Park, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9ND, United Kingdom
| | - Alan D Brown
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry , The Portway Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GS, United Kingdom
| | - J Mark F Gardner
- AMG Consultants Ltd., Discovery Park House , Discovery Park, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9ND, United Kingdom
| | - Yafeng Cao
- WuXi AppTec (Wuhan) Company Ltd. , 666 Gaoxin Road, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430075, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Hua
- WuXi AppTec (Wuhan) Company Ltd. , 666 Gaoxin Road, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430075, People's Republic of China
| | - Garreth L Morgans
- iThemba Pharmaceuticals , Building T5, Pinelands Site, High Street, Modderfontein 1609, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Pim-Bart Feijens
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp , S7, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Matheeussen
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp , S7, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Louis J Maes
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp , S7, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
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Katsuno K, Burrows JN, Duncan K, van Huijsduijnen RH, Kaneko T, Kita K, Mowbray CE, Schmatz D, Warner P, Slingsby BT. Hit and lead criteria in drug discovery for infectious diseases of the developing world. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:751-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd4683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Burrows JN, Elliott RL, Kaneko T, Mowbray CE, Waterson D. The role of modern drug discovery in the fight against neglected and tropical diseases. Med Chem Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00011k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Lunn G, Mowbray CE, Liu WLS, Joynson VM, Hay T, Yeadon M. The discovery and profile of PF-0868087, a CNS-sparing histamine H3 receptor antagonist for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Med Chem Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md00276k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Lane CA, Hay D, Mowbray CE, Paradowski M, Selby MD, Swain NA, Williams DH. Synthesis of novel histamine H4 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1156-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Mowbray CE, Bell AS, Clarke NP, Collins M, Jones RM, Lane CA, Liu WL, Newman SD, Paradowski M, Schenck EJ, Selby MD, Swain NA, Williams DH. Challenges of drug discovery in novel target space. The discovery and evaluation of PF-3893787: A novel histamine H4 receptor antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6596-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Masood MA, Selby MD, Bell AS, Mansfield AC, Gardner M, Smith GF, Lane C, Kenyon-Edwards H, Osborne R, Jones RM, Liu WL, Brown CD, Clarke N, Perrucio F, Mowbray CE. Discovery of a series of potent and selective human H4 antagonists using ligand efficiency and libraries to explore structure–activity relationship (SAR). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6591-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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24
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Jones LH, Allan G, Corbau R, Middleton DS, Mowbray CE, Newman SD, Phillips C, Webster R, Westby M. Comparison of the Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Lersivirine with its Pyrazole and Imidazole Isomers. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 77:393-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Mowbray CE, Burt C, Corbau R, Perros M, Tran I, Stupple PA, Webster R, Wood A. Pyrazole NNRTIs 1: Design and initial optimisation of a novel template. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5599-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Mowbray CE, Burt C, Corbau R, Gayton S, Hawes M, Perros M, Tran I, Price DA, Quinton FJ, Selby MD, Stupple PA, Webster R, Wood A. Pyrazole NNRTIs 4: Selection of UK-453,061 (lersivirine) as a Development Candidate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5857-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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Williams DH, Adam F, Fenwick DR, Fok-Seang J, Gardner I, Hay D, Jaiessh R, Middleton DS, Mowbray CE, Parkinson T, Perros M, Pickford C, Platts M, Randall A, Siddle D, Stephenson PT, Tran TD, Vuong H. Discovery of a small molecule inhibitor through interference with the gp120-CD4 interaction. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5246-9. [PMID: 19620004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of piperazine derivatives were designed and synthesised as gp120-CD4 inhibitors. SAR studies led to the discovery of potent inhibitors in a cell based anti viral assay represented by compounds 9 and 28. The rat pharmacokinetic and antiviral profiles of selected compounds are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent, UK.
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28
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Jones LH, Allan G, Barba O, Burt C, Corbau R, Dupont T, Knöchel T, Irving S, Middleton DS, Mowbray CE, Perros M, Ringrose H, Swain NA, Webster R, Westby M, Phillips C. Novel Indazole Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Using Molecular Hybridization Based on Crystallographic Overlays. J Med Chem 2009; 52:1219-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801322h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lyn H. Jones
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Structural Biology, Molecular Informatics and Structure-Based Design, Sandwich Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gill Allan
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Structural Biology, Molecular Informatics and Structure-Based Design, Sandwich Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Barba
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Structural Biology, Molecular Informatics and Structure-Based Design, Sandwich Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Burt
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Structural Biology, Molecular Informatics and Structure-Based Design, Sandwich Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Romuald Corbau
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Structural Biology, Molecular Informatics and Structure-Based Design, Sandwich Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Dupont
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Structural Biology, Molecular Informatics and Structure-Based Design, Sandwich Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Thorsten Knöchel
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Structural Biology, Molecular Informatics and Structure-Based Design, Sandwich Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Irving
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Structural Biology, Molecular Informatics and Structure-Based Design, Sandwich Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Donald S. Middleton
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Structural Biology, Molecular Informatics and Structure-Based Design, Sandwich Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Charles E. Mowbray
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Structural Biology, Molecular Informatics and Structure-Based Design, Sandwich Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Manos Perros
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Structural Biology, Molecular Informatics and Structure-Based Design, Sandwich Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Ringrose
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Structural Biology, Molecular Informatics and Structure-Based Design, Sandwich Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel A. Swain
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Structural Biology, Molecular Informatics and Structure-Based Design, Sandwich Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Webster
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Structural Biology, Molecular Informatics and Structure-Based Design, Sandwich Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Westby
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Structural Biology, Molecular Informatics and Structure-Based Design, Sandwich Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Phillips
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Biology, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Structural Biology, Molecular Informatics and Structure-Based Design, Sandwich Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] A concise and efficient route to the construction of a 5-aryloxyimidazole has been developed. The key step was the selective O-arylation of a 2,4-dimethoxybenzyl-protected imidazolone. The final compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn H Jones
- Sandwich Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, UK.
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30
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Fray MJ, Bull DJ, Carr CL, Gautier EC, Mowbray CE, Stobie A. Structure-activity relationships of 1,4-dihydro-(1H,4H)-quinoxaline-2,3-diones as N-methyl-D-aspartate (glycine site) receptor antagonists. 1. Heterocyclic substituted 5-alkyl derivatives. J Med Chem 2001; 44:1951-62. [PMID: 11384240 DOI: 10.1021/jm001124p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of 6,7-dichloro-1,4-dihydro-(1H, 4H)-quinoxaline-2,3-diones (1-17) were prepared in which the 5-position substituent was a heterocyclylmethyl or 1-(heterocyclyl)-1-propyl group. Structure-activity relationships were evaluated where binding affinity for the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor was measured using the specific radioligand [3H]-L-689,560, and functional antagonism was demonstrated by inhibition of NMDA-induced depolarizations of rat cortical wedges. The ability to prevent NMDA-induced hyperlocomotion in mice in vivo was measured for selected compounds. Binding affinity increased significantly if the heterocyclic group, e.g. 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl could participate in accepting a hydrogen bond from the receptor. It was difficult to obtain compounds with adequate aqueous solubility and strategies to improve it were investigated. The most potent compound in this series, 6,7-dichloro-5-[1-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)propyl]-1,4-dihydro-(1H, 4H)-quinoxaline-2,3-dione (17) (binding IC50 = 2.6 nM; cortical wedge EC50 = 90 nM), inhibited NMDA-induced hyperlocomotion in mice (6/9 protected at 20 mg/kg iv). Pharmacokinetic parameters, including extent of brain penetration, for 11 and 17 are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Fray
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
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31
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Jackson RFW, Moore RJ, Dexter CS, Elliott J, Mowbray CE. Concise Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Phenylalanine, Homophenylalanine, and Bishomophenylalanine Derivatives Using Organozinc Chemistry: NMR Studies of Amino Acid-Derived Organozinc Reagents. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo981133u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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