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Tempone AG, Pieper P, Borborema SET, Thevenard F, Lago JHG, Croft SL, Anderson EA. Marine alkaloids as bioactive agents against protozoal neglected tropical diseases and malaria. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:2214-2235. [PMID: 34913053 PMCID: PMC8672869 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00078g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 up to 2021Natural products are an important resource in drug discovery, directly or indirectly delivering numerous small molecules for potential development as human medicines. Among the many classes of natural products, alkaloids have a rich history of therapeutic applications. The extensive chemodiversity of alkaloids found in the marine environment has attracted considerable attention for such uses, while the scarcity of these natural materials has stimulated efforts towards their total synthesis. This review focuses on the biological activity of marine alkaloids (covering 2000 to up to 2021) towards Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) caused by protozoan parasites, and malaria. Chemotherapy represents the only form of treatment for Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis and malaria, but there is currently a restricted arsenal of drugs, which often elicit severe adverse effects, show variable efficacy or resistance, or are costly. Natural product scaffolds have re-emerged as a focus of academic drug discovery programmes, offering a different resource to discover new chemical entities with new modes of action. In this review, the potential of a range of marine alkaloids is analyzed, accompanied by coverage of synthetic efforts that enable further studies of key antiprotozoal natural product scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre G Tempone
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Pauline Pieper
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Samanta E T Borborema
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Thevenard
- Centre of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Sao Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Joao Henrique G Lago
- Centre of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Sao Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Simon L Croft
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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Varela MT, Romaneli MM, Lima ML, Borborema SET, Tempone AG, Fernandes JPS. Antiparasitic activity of new gibbilimbol analogues and SAR analysis through efficiency and statistical methods. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 122:31-41. [PMID: 29935351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chagas' disease and leishmaniasis are parasitic infections enrolled among the neglected tropical diseases, which urge for new treatments. In the search for new chemical entities as prototypes, gibbilimbols A/B have shown antiparasitic activity against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum, and then a set of analogues (LINS03 series) of this natural product were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against the parasites. In the present paper we reported five new compounds with activity against these protozoan parasites, and quite low cytotoxicity. Moreover, the interference of plasma membrane permeability of these analogues were also evaluated. We found that [(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]octylamine (4) was noteworthy due to its high activity against the amastigote form of both parasites (IC50 1.3-5.8 μM) and good selectivity index. In order to unveil the SAR for this chemotype, we also presented a group efficiency analysis and PCA and HCA study, which indicated that the methoxyl provides good activity with lower cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. The results from SAR analyses suggest different mechanisms of action between the neutral and basic compounds. In summary, the analogues represent important activity against these parasites and must be prototypes for further exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina T Varela
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau 210, 09913-030 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Maiara M Romaneli
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 355, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta L Lima
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 355, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Samanta E T Borborema
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 355, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andre G Tempone
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 355, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João P S Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau 210, 09913-030 Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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Martins LF, Mesquita JT, Pinto EG, Costa-Silva TA, Borborema SET, Galisteo Junior AJ, Neves BJ, Andrade CH, Shuhaib ZA, Bennett EL, Black GP, Harper PM, Evans DM, Fituri HS, Leyland JP, Martin C, Roberts TD, Thornhill AJ, Vale SA, Howard-Jones A, Thomas DA, Williams HL, Overman LE, Berlinck RGS, Murphy PJ, Tempone AG. Analogues of Marine Guanidine Alkaloids Are in Vitro Effective against Trypanosoma cruzi and Selectively Eliminate Leishmania (L.) infantum Intracellular Amastigotes. J Nat Prod 2016; 79:2202-2210. [PMID: 27586460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic analogues of marine sponge guanidine alkaloids showed in vitro antiparasitic activity against Leishmania (L.) infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi. Guanidines 10 and 11 presented the highest selectivity index when tested against Leishmania. The antiparasitic activity of 10 and 11 was investigated in host cells and in parasites. Both compounds induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulation of reactive oxygen species levels, and increased plasma membrane permeability in Leishmania parasites. Immunomodulatory assays suggested an NO-independent effect of guanidines 10 and 11 on macrophages. The same compounds also promoted anti-inflammatory activity in L. (L.) infantum-infected macrophages cocultived with splenocytes, reducing the production of cytokines MCP-1 and IFN-γ. Guanidines 10 and 11 affect the bioenergetic metabolism of Leishmania, with selective elimination of parasites via a host-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia F Martins
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz , Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, 8° andar, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana T Mesquita
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz , Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, 8° andar, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika G Pinto
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz , Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, 8° andar, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo , Avenida Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais A Costa-Silva
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz , Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, 8° andar, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Samanta E T Borborema
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz , Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, 8° andar, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andres J Galisteo Junior
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo , Avenida Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno J Neves
- LabMol, Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Carolina H Andrade
- LabMol, Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Zainab Al Shuhaib
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University , Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, U.K. LL57 2UW
| | - Elliot L Bennett
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University , Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, U.K. LL57 2UW
| | - Gregory P Black
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University , Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, U.K. LL57 2UW
| | - Philip M Harper
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University , Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, U.K. LL57 2UW
| | - Daniel M Evans
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University , Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, U.K. LL57 2UW
| | - Hisham S Fituri
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University , Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, U.K. LL57 2UW
| | - John P Leyland
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University , Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, U.K. LL57 2UW
| | - Claire Martin
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University , Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, U.K. LL57 2UW
| | - Terence D Roberts
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University , Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, U.K. LL57 2UW
| | - Andrew J Thornhill
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University , Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, U.K. LL57 2UW
| | - Stephen A Vale
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University , Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, U.K. LL57 2UW
| | - Andrew Howard-Jones
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University , Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, U.K. LL57 2UW
| | - Dafydd A Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University , Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, U.K. LL57 2UW
| | - Harri L Williams
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University , Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, U.K. LL57 2UW
| | - Larry E Overman
- University of California, Irvine , 4042A Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrick J Murphy
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University , Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, U.K. LL57 2UW
| | - Andre G Tempone
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz , Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, 8° andar, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Pinto EG, Santos IO, Schmidt TJ, Borborema SET, Ferreira VF, Rocha DR, Tempone AG. Potential of 2-hydroxy-3-phenylsulfanylmethyl-[1,4]-naphthoquinones against Leishmania (L.) infantum: biological activity and structure-activity relationships. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105127. [PMID: 25171058 PMCID: PMC4149375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Naphtoquinones have been used as promising scaffolds for drug design studies against protozoan parasites. Considering the highly toxic and limited therapeutic arsenal, the global negligence with tropical diseases and the elevated prevalence of co-morbidities especially in developing countries, the parasitic diseases caused by various Leishmania species (leishmaniasis) became a significant public health threat in 98 countries. The aim of this work was the evaluation of antileishmanial in vitro potential of thirty-six 2-hydroxy-3-phenylsulfanylmethyl-[1,4]-naphthoquinones obtained by a three component reaction of lawsone, the appropriate aldehyde and thiols adequately substituted, exploiting the in situ generation of o-quinonemethides (o-QM) via the Knoevenagel condensation. The antileishmanial activity of the naphthoquinone derivatives was evaluated against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and their cytotoxicity was verified in mammalian cells. Among the thirty-six compounds, twenty-seven were effective against promastigotes, with IC50 values ranging from 8 to 189 µM; fourteen compounds eliminated the intracellular amastigotes, with IC50 values ranging from 12 to 65 µM. The compounds containing the phenyl groups at R1 and R2 and with the fluorine substituent at the phenyl ring at R2, rendered the most promising activity, demonstrating a selectivity index higher than 15 against amastigotes. A QSAR (quantitative structure activity relationship) analysis yielded insights into general structural requirements for activity of most compounds in the series. Considering the in vitro antileishmanial potential of 2-hydroxy-3-phenylsulfanylmethyl-[1,4]-naphthoquinones and their structure-activity relationships, novel lead candidates could be exploited in future drug design studies for leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika G. Pinto
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela O. Santos
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thomas J. Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), University of Münster, PharmaCampus, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Vitor F. Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - David R. Rocha
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andre G. Tempone
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Paiva TM, Theotonio G, Paulino RS, Benega MA, Silva DBB, Borborema SET, Ikeda TI, Kisielius JJ, Ueda M, Oliveira MI, Santos CLS. Influenza virus A(H3N2) strain isolated from cerebrospinal fluid from a patient presenting myelopathy post infectious. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:283-5. [PMID: 23809474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological involvement during influenza infection has been described during epidemics and is often consistent with serious sequelae or death. OBJECTIVE To investigate the etiologic agent involved in myelopathy post influenza-like syndrome. STUDY DESIGN This investigation focuses on virus isolation from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from a 19-year-old male student presenting with clinical diagnosis of myelopathy post influenza-like syndrome. To achieve this goal, different cell cultures and molecular methodologies were carried out. RESULTS Influenza virus A(H3N2) strain was isolated in MDCK cell culture; virus particles were observed under electron microscopy. Phylogenetics analyses showed that the Brazilian influenza A(H3N2) strains were closely related to the A/Perth/16/2009-like. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that influenza virus A(H3N2) strain was the cause of illness of the students. According to the Brazilian influenza virus sentinel surveillance data A/Perth/16/2009-LIKE (H3N2) strain has predominated during the 2010 influenza virus season in Brasília-DF.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Paiva
- Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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