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Kappari L, Dasireddy JR, Applegate TJ, Selvaraj RK, Shanmugasundaram R. MicroRNAs: exploring their role in farm animal disease and mycotoxin challenges. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1372961. [PMID: 38803799 PMCID: PMC11129562 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1372961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve as key regulators in gene expression and play a crucial role in immune responses, holding a significant promise for diagnosing and managing diseases in farm animals. This review article summarizes current research on the role of miRNAs in various farm animal diseases and mycotoxicosis, highlighting their potential as biomarkers and using them for mitigation strategies. Through an extensive literature review, we focused on the impact of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of several farm animal diseases, including viral and bacterial infections and mycotoxicosis. They regulate gene expression by inducing mRNA deadenylation, decay, or translational inhibition, significantly impacting cellular processes and protein synthesis. The research revealed specific miRNAs associated with the diseases; for instance, gga-miR-M4 is crucial in Marek's disease, and gga-miR-375 tumor-suppressing function in Avian Leukosis. In swine disease such as Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome (PRRS) and swine influenza, miRNAs like miR-155 and miR-21-3p emerged as key regulatory factors. Additionally, our review highlighted the interaction between miRNAs and mycotoxins, suggesting miRNAs can be used as a biomarker for mycotoxin exposure. For example, alterations in miRNA expression, such as the dysregulation observed in response to Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in chickens, may indicate potential mechanisms for toxin-induced changes in lipid metabolism leading to liver damage. Our findings highlight miRNAs potential for early disease detection and intervention in farm animal disease management, potentially reducing significant economic losses in agriculture. With only a fraction of miRNAs functionally characterized in farm animals, this review underlines more focused research on specific miRNAs altered in distinct diseases, using advanced technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 screening, single-cell sequencing, and integrated multi-omics approaches. Identifying specific miRNA targets offers a novel pathway for early disease detection and the development of mitigation strategies against mycotoxin exposure in farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laharika Kappari
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Todd J. Applegate
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ramesh K. Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Revathi Shanmugasundaram
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States
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2
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Li S, Giri BR, Liu J, He X, Cai P, Jing Z, Cheng G. Characterization of MicroRNA Cargo of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated From the Plasma of Schistosoma japonicum-Infected Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:803242. [PMID: 35295754 PMCID: PMC8918519 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.803242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma is a genus of parasitic trematodes that undergoes complex migration in final hosts, finally developing into adult worms, which are responsible for egg production and disease dissemination. Recent studies documented the importance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the regulation of host-parasite interactions. Herein, we investigated the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of EVs isolated from host plasma at different stages of Schistosoma japonicum infection (lung stage: 3 days post-infection (dpi), and liver stages: 14 and 21 dpi) to identify miRNA cargo potentially involved in the pathogenesis and immune regulation of schistosomiasis. Characterization of the isolated plasma EVs revealed their diameter to be approximately 100 nm, containing typical EV markers such as Hsp70 and Tsg101. Deep sequencing analysis indicated the presence of 811 known and 15 novel miRNAs with an increasing number of differential miRNAs from the lung stage (27 miRNAs) to the liver stages (58 and 96 miRNAs at 14 and 21 dpi, respectively) in the plasma EVs of infected mice compared to EVs isolated from the uninfected control. In total, 324 plasma EV miRNAs were shown to be co-detected among different stages of infection and the validation of selected miRNAs showed trends of abundance similar to deep sequencing analysis. For example, miR-1a-3p and miR-122-5p showed higher abundance, whereas miR-150-3p and miR-126a showed lower abundance in the plasma EVs of infected mice at 3, 14, and 21 dpi as compared to those of uninfected mice. In addition, bioinformatic analysis combined with PCR validation of the miRNA targets, particularly those associated with the immune system and parasitic infectious disease, indicated a significant increase in the expression of Gbp7and Ccr5 in contrast to the decreased expression of Fermt3, Akt1, and IL-12a. Our results suggested that the abundance of miRNA cargo of the host plasma EVs was related to the stages of Schistosoma japonicum infection. Further studies on the roles of these miRNAs may reveal the regulatory mechanism of the host-parasite interaction. Moreover, the differentially abundant miRNA cargo in host EVs associated with S. japonicum infection may also provide valuable clues for identifying novel biomarkers for schistosomiasis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bikash R. Giri
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobing He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhizhong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guofeng Cheng
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guofeng Cheng, ;
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Qiu G, Fan J, Zheng G, He J, Lin F, Ge M, Huang L, Wang J, Xia J, Huang R, Shu Q, Xu J. Diagnostic Potential of Plasma Extracellular Vesicle miR-483-3p and Let-7d-3p for Sepsis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:814240. [PMID: 35187084 PMCID: PMC8847446 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.814240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: microRNAs (miRNAs) from circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been reported as disease biomarkers. This study aimed to identify the diagnostic value of plasma EV-miRNAs in sepsis.Methods: EVs were separated from the plasma of sepsis patients at admission and healthy controls. The expression of EV-miRNAs was evaluated by microarray and qRT-PCR.Results: A preliminary miRNA microarray of plasma EVs from a discovery cohort of 3 sepsis patients at admission and three healthy controls identified 11 miRNAs with over 2-fold upregulation in sepsis group. Based on this finding, EV samples from a validation cohort of 37 sepsis patients at admission and 25 healthy controls were evaluated for the expression of the 6 miRNAs relating injury and inflammation via qRT-PCR. Elevated expression of miR-483-3p and let-7d-3p was validated in sepsis patients and corroborated in a mouse model of sepsis. miR-483-3p and let-7d-3p levels positively correlated with the disease severity. Additionally, a combination of miR-483-3p and let-7d-3p had diagnostic value for sepsis. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation showed that miR-483-3p and let-7d-3p target pathways regulating immune response and endothelial function.Conclusion: The present study reveals the potential role of plasma EV-miRNAs in the pathogenesis of sepsis and the utility of combining miR-483-3p and let-7d-3p as biomarkers for early sepsis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiajie Fan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Menghua Ge
- Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | | | - Jiangmei Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruoqiong Huang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Shu, ; Jianguo Xu,
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Shu, ; Jianguo Xu,
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Cardona E, Guyomar C, Desvignes T, Montfort J, Guendouz S, Postlethwait JH, Skiba-Cassy S, Bobe J. Circulating miRNA repertoire as a biomarker of metabolic and reproductive states in rainbow trout. BMC Biol 2021; 19:235. [PMID: 34781956 PMCID: PMC8594080 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) are found in most, if not all, biological fluids and are becoming well-established non-invasive biomarkers of many human pathologies. However, their features in non-pathological contexts and whether their expression profiles reflect normal life history events have received little attention, especially in non-mammalian species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of c-miRNAs to serve as biomarkers of reproductive and metabolic states in fish. Results The blood plasma was sampled throughout the reproductive cycle of female rainbow trout subjected to two different feeding regimes that triggered contrasting metabolic states. In addition, ovarian fluid was sampled at ovulation, and all samples were subjected to small RNA-seq analysis, leading to the establishment of a comprehensive miRNA repertoire (i.e., miRNAome) and enabling subsequent comparative analyses to a panel of RNA-seq libraries from a wide variety of tissues and organs. We showed that biological fluid miRNAomes are complex and encompass a high proportion of the overall rainbow trout miRNAome. While sharing a high proportion of common miRNAs, the blood plasma and ovarian fluid miRNAomes exhibited strong fluid-specific signatures. We further revealed that the blood plasma miRNAome significantly changed depending on metabolic and reproductive states. We subsequently identified three evolutionarily conserved muscle-specific miRNAs or myomiRs (miR-1-1/2-3p, miR-133a-1/2-3p, and miR-206-3p) that accumulated in the blood plasma in response to high feeding rates, making these myomiRs strong candidate biomarkers of active myogenesis. We also identified miR-202-5p as a candidate biomarker for reproductive success that could be used to predict ovulation and/or egg quality. Conclusions Together, these promising results reveal the high potential of c-miRNAs, including evolutionarily conserved myomiRs, as physiologically relevant biomarker candidates and pave the way for the use of c-miRNAs for non-invasive phenotyping in various fish species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01163-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Cardona
- INRAE, LPGP, Fish Physiology and Genomics, F-35000, Rennes, France.,INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Cervin Guyomar
- INRAE, LPGP, Fish Physiology and Genomics, F-35000, Rennes, France.,GenPhySE, University of Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Thomas Desvignes
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Jérôme Montfort
- INRAE, LPGP, Fish Physiology and Genomics, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Samia Guendouz
- Institute of Functional Genomics, MGX, UMR 5203 CNRS - U1191 INSERM, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Julien Bobe
- INRAE, LPGP, Fish Physiology and Genomics, F-35000, Rennes, France.
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Mahami-Oskouei M, Norouzi B, Ahmadpour E, Kazemi T, Spotin A, Alizadeh Z, Ghorbani Sani R, Asadi M. Expression analysis of circulating miR-146a and miR-155 as novel biomarkers related to effective immune responses in human cystic echinococcosis. Microb Pathog 2021; 157:104962. [PMID: 34022359 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis, an important zoonotic disease, is caused by Echinococcus granulosus. MicroRNAs are a small group of single-stranded noncoding RNAs, which play an effective role in biological processes. This study aimed at comparing the expression levels of miR-146a and miR-155 in the plasma of patients with hydatidosis and healthy individuals. A group of 20 patients with hydatid cyst formed a study group and 20 healthy individuals with no known chronic diseases formed a control group. Plasma samples were collected from hydatidosis patients as well as sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers. After that, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were done and the expression levels of miR-146a and miR-155 were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for both groups. The results indicated that the level of miR-146a increased in all patients with hydatidosis compared to the control group. Also, the level of miR-155 increased in all hydatidosis patients, but no correlation was observed in the level of miR-155 between the two groups. The results also revealed that miR-146a and miR-155 upregulation in the plasma leads to the development of novel biomarkers for echinococcosis. One of the reasons for the increase of miRNAs in hydatidosis may be their role in modulating the immune system. These miRNAs are likely to be considered as one of the most important biomarkers in determining the severity of hydatidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mahami-Oskouei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Behrooz Norouzi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ahmadpour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adel Spotin
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Alizadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Ghorbani Sani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Asadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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6
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Jin X, Li Y, Yang X, Zheng Y. Modulatory Effects of Echinococcus multilocularis emu-let-7-5p on the Immunological Functions of RAW264.7 Macrophages. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:663497. [PMID: 33937384 PMCID: PMC8081858 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.663497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinococcus multilocularis is a zoonotic tapeworm with great medical significance. In E. multilocularis-infected mice, parasite-derived let-7-5p (emu-let-7-5p) is present in the sera, but its role remains unclear. Using qPCR, ELISA and flow cytometry, the immunomodulatory effects of emu-let-7-5p were in vitro investigated using RAW264.7 macrophages. Compared with the control, emu-let-7-5p significantly downregulated IL-1α (p < 0.05), but anti-inflammatory cytokine genes remained to be stably expressed in the treated macrophages. Moreover, significantly decreased expression of ripk1 and nf-kB, key components in the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway, was also observed in the emu-let-7-5p-transfected cells (p < 0.05). Furthermore, CD40 was upregulated in these transfected cells (p < 0.05), while CD86, CD54 and CD80 remained unchanged compared that in the control. These results demonstrate a property of emu-let-7-5p in regulation of immune functions of macrophages, making it be possibly involved in the pathogen-host interplay during E. multilocularis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yating Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yadong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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7
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miRNA Regulatory Functions in Farm Animal Diseases, and Biomarker Potentials for Effective Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063080. [PMID: 33802936 PMCID: PMC8002598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by targeting either the 3′ untranslated or coding regions of genes. They have been reported to play key roles in a wide range of biological processes. The recent remarkable developments of transcriptomics technologies, especially next-generation sequencing technologies and advanced bioinformatics tools, allow more in-depth exploration of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs. These technologies have offered great opportunities for a deeper exploration of miRNA involvement in farm animal diseases, as well as livestock productivity and welfare. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of miRNA roles in major farm animal diseases with a particular focus on diseases of economic importance. In addition, we discuss the steps and future perspectives of using miRNAs as biomarkers and molecular therapy for livestock disease management as well as the challenges and opportunities for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs related to disease pathogenesis.
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Lecchi C, Zamarian V, Gini C, Avanzini C, Polloni A, Rota Nodari S, Ceciliani F. Salivary microRNAs are potential biomarkers for the accurate and precise identification of inflammatory response after tail docking and castration in piglets. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5831153. [PMID: 32374403 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether acute pain associated with castration and tail docking of male piglets may modulate the expression of salivary microRNAs (miRNAs) and to explore their potential use as biomarkers. Thirty-six healthy 4-d-old piglets (Hermitage × Duroc) were randomly assigned to three groups: the first group (12 piglets) has been pretreated with anesthetic and anti-inflammatory drugs (ANA) and then castrated and tail docked; the second one (12 piglets) has been castrated and tail docked without any drugs (CONV); the third one (12 piglets) has been only handled (SHAM). Saliva was collected 10 min before (control group) and 30 to 45 min after the procedures. Salivary cortisol has been quantified. The expression concentrations of seven miRNAs, namely miR-19b, miR-27b-3p, miR-215, miR-22-3p, miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-365-5p, and hsa-miR-204, were measured and assessed as potential biomarkers of pain by quantitative Polimerase Chain Reaction using TaqMan probes. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of miRNAs. The concentration of salivary cortisol increased after treatment in CONV and ANA, while no significant variation was observed in the SHAM group. The comparative analysis demonstrated that the concentrations of salivary miR-19b (P = 0.001), miR-27b (P = 0.042), and miR-365 (P < 0.0001) were significantly greater in CONV as compared with pretreatment. The AUC of pretreatment vs. CONV and CONV vs. ANA were excellent for miR-19b and miR-365 and fair for miR-27b. Combining two miRNAs, namely miR-19b and miR-365, in a panel increased the efficiency of distinguishing between pre- and post-treatment groups. No differences have been identified between SHAM and ANA groups. mRNA potential targets of differentially expressed-miRNA were investigated, and genes related to pain and inflammation were identified: miR-19b potentially modulates TGF-beta and focal adhesion pathways, miR-365 regulates cytokines expression (i.e., IL-1, Tumor Necross Factor-alpha, and IL-8 cytokine), and miR-27b regulates macrophage inflammatory protein pathways (i.e., MIP1-beta). In conclusion, we demonstrated that the abundance of miR-19b, miR-27b, and miR-365 increases in the saliva of piglets castrated and tail docked without the administration of pain-relieving drugs. Further studies are needed to assess their potential during routine husbandry procedures and to extend their assessment in other stressful events, such as weaning or chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lecchi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Zamarian
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Gini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Polloni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Rota Nodari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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9
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Sotillo J, Robinson MW, Kimber MJ, Cucher M, Ancarola ME, Nejsum P, Marcilla A, Eichenberger RM, Tritten L. The protein and microRNA cargo of extracellular vesicles from parasitic helminths - current status and research priorities. Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:635-645. [PMID: 32652128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Helminth parasites have a remarkable ability to persist within their mammalian hosts, which is largely due to their secretion of molecules with immunomodulatory properties. Although the soluble components of helminth secretions have been extensively studied, the discovery that helminths release extracellular vesicles (EVs) has added further complexity to the host-parasite interaction. Whilst several studies have begun to characterise the molecules carried by helminth EVs, work aimed at investigating their biological functions has been hindered by a lack of helminth-specific EV markers. To begin to address this, we summarised helminth EV literature to date. With a focus on the protein and microRNA (miRNA) cargo, we aimed to detect similarities and differences across those major groups of helminths for which data are available; namely nematodes, trematodes and cestodes. Pfam analysis revealed that although there is no universal EV marker for all helminth species, the EF-hand protein family was present in all EV datasets from cestodes and trematodes, and could serve as a platyhelminth EV biomarker. In contrast, M13 metallopeptidases and actin may have potential as markers for nematode EVs. As with proteins, many miRNA families appeared to be species-, stage-, or dataset-specific. Two miRNA families were common to nematode EVs (mir-10 and let-7); the miRNA cargo of EVs secreted by clade I species appeared somewhat different from species from other clades. Five miRNA families (mir-71, mir-10, mir-190, let-7 and mir-2) were shared by all trematode species examined. Our analysis has identified novel markers that may be used in studies aimed at characterising helminth EVs and interrogating their function at the host-parasite interface. In addition, we discuss the heterogeneity of methods used for helminth EV isolation and emphasise the need for a standardised approach in reporting on helminth EV data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sotillo
- Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mark W Robinson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Kimber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Marcela Cucher
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2155 Piso 13 (CP1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Ancarola
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2155 Piso 13 (CP1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 45, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Antonio Marcilla
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute La Fe, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramon M Eichenberger
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Lucienne Tritten
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Guo X, Zheng Y. Profiling of miRNAs in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages Responding to Echinococcus multilocularis Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:132. [PMID: 32309217 PMCID: PMC7145947 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic helminthic disease caused by infection with the larval of Echinococcus multilocularis in human and animals. Here, we compared miRNA profiles of the peritoneal macrophages of E. multilocularis-infected and un-infected female BALB/c mice using high-throughput sequencing. A total of 87 known miRNAs were differentially expressed (fold change ≥ 2, p < 0.05) in peritoneal macrophages in mice 30- and 90-day post infection compared with ones in un-infected mice. An increase of mmu-miR-155-5p expression was observed in peritoneal macrophages in E. multilocularis-infected mice. Compared with the control group, the production of nitric oxide (NO) was increased in peritoneal macrophages transfected with mmu-miR-155-5p mimics at 12 h after transfection (p < 0.001). Two key genes (CD14 and NF-κB) in the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway were also markedly altered in mmu-miR-155-5p mimics transfected cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, mmu-miR-155-5p mimics suppressed IL6 mRNA expression and promoted IL12a and IL12b mRNA expression. Luciferase assays showed that mmu-miR-155-5p was able to bind to the 3′ UTR of the IKBKE gene and decreased luciferase activity. Finally, we found the expression of IKBKE was significantly downregulated in both macrophages transfected with mmu-miR-155-5p and macrophages isolated from E. multilocularis-infected mice. These results demonstrate an immunoregulatory effect of mmu-miR-155 on macrophages, suggesting a role in regulation of host immune responses against E. multilocularis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaola Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gansu, China
| | - Yadong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gansu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, China
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11
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Chu CP, Nabity MB. Comparison of RNA isolation and library preparation methods for small RNA sequencing of canine biofluids. Vet Clin Pathol 2019; 48:310-319. [PMID: 31077418 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of biofluids is challenging due to the relative scarcity of microRNAs (miRNAs), limited sample volumes, and the lack of a gold standard isolation method. Additionally, few comparisons exist for the RNA isolation and sequencing methods of biofluids. OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare the performance of six commercial RNA isolation kits and two library preparation methods for small RNA-seq using canine serum and urine. METHODS Serum and urine were collected from seven dogs with protein-losing nephropathy, and the samples were pooled. Total RNA from serum (2 mL) and urine (10 mL) was isolated in triplicate using three methods each for serum (Zymo Direct-zol, mirVana PARIS, miRCURY Biofluids) and urine (Qiagen exoRNeasy, Norgen Urine Exosome, miRCURY Exosome). For each sample type, the two kits yielding the highest RNA concentration were selected, and small RNA-seq was performed using TruSeq and NEXTflex library preparations. Data were analyzed by CPSS 2.0 and DESeq2. RESULTS For serum, Zymo Direct-zol combined with NEXTflex was the only combination that enabled successful library preparation, while for urine, Qiagen exoRNeasy combined with NEXTflex outperformed other combinations for detecting miRNAs. The total number of miRNAs detected in serum and urine was 198 and up to 115, respectively. miRNA expression in serum was distinct from urine. Furthermore, the library preparation method introduced a higher variation of urine results than the RNA isolation method. CONCLUSIONS Different isolation and library preparation methods show significant differences in miRNA results that could affect biomarker discovery. Small RNA-seq provides an unbiased, global assessment to compare these methods in canine biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice P Chu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Mary B Nabity
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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12
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Hansen EP, Fromm B, Andersen SD, Marcilla A, Andersen KL, Borup A, Williams AR, Jex AR, Gasser RB, Young ND, Hall RS, Stensballe A, Ovchinnikov V, Yan Y, Fredholm M, Thamsborg SM, Nejsum P. Exploration of extracellular vesicles from Ascaris suum provides evidence of parasite-host cross talk. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1578116. [PMID: 30815237 PMCID: PMC6383609 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1578116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalent porcine helminth, Ascaris suum, compromises pig health and reduces farm productivity worldwide. The closely related human parasite, A. lumbricoides, infects more than 800 million people representing a disease burden of 1.31 million disability-adjusted life years. The infections are often chronic in nature, and the parasites have a profound ability to modulate their hosts' immune responses. This study provides the first in-depth characterisation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different developmental stages and body parts of A. suum and proposes the role of these vesicles in the host-parasite interplay. The release of EVs from the third- (L3) and fourth-stage (L4) larvae and adults was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and sequencing of EV-derived RNA identified a number of microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcripts of potential host immune targets, such as IL-13, IL-25 and IL-33, were identified. Furthermore, proteomics of EVs identified several proteins with immunomodulatory properties and other proteins previously shown to be associated with parasite EVs. Taken together, these results suggest that A. suum EVs and their cargo may play a role in host-parasite interactions. This knowledge may pave the way to novel strategies for helminth infection control and knowledge of their immune modulatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline P. Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bastian Fromm
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sidsel D. Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Antonio Marcilla
- Departament de Farmàcia Ii Tecnologia Farmacéutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de Valéncia, València, Spain
- Joint Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-La Fe Valencia, València, Spain
| | - Kasper L. Andersen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Borup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andrew R. Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aaron R. Jex
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin B. Gasser
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Neil D. Young
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ross S. Hall
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Ovchinnikov
- Department of Human and Animal Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yan Yan
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Fredholm
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig M. Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Association of plasma microRNA expression with age, genetic background and functional traits in dairy cattle. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12955. [PMID: 30154501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of blood circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are proven disease biomarkers and have been associated with ageing and longevity in multiple species. However, the role of circulating miRNAs in livestock species has not been fully studied. We hypothesise that plasma miRNA expression profiles are affected by age and genetic background, and associated with health and production traits in dairy cattle. Using PCR arrays, we assessed 306 plasma miRNAs for effects of age (calves vs mature cows) and genetic background (control vs select lines) in 18 animals. We identified miRNAs which were significantly affected by age (26 miRNAs) and genetic line (5 miRNAs). Using RT-qPCR in a larger cow population (n = 73) we successfully validated array data for 12 age-related miRNAs, one genetic line-related miRNA, and utilised expression data to associate their levels in circulation with functional traits in these animals. Plasma miRNA levels were associated with telomere length (ageing/longevity indicator), milk production and composition, milk somatic cell count (mastitis indicator), fertility, lameness, and blood metabolites linked with body energy balance and metabolic stress. In conclusion, circulating miRNAs could provide useful selection markers for dairy cows to help improve health, welfare and production performance.
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14
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Identification of endogenous microRNA references in porcine serum for quantitative real-time PCR normalization. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:943-949. [PMID: 30047037 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of genes, and they affect important biological and physiological states. Circulating miRNAs in blood are useful markers of metabolism and economic traits. Expression levels of circulating miRNAs have been estimated using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Proper normalization is critical for accurate miRNA expression analysis. However, there is no study which systematically presented endogenous reference genes for evaluating circulating miRNA expression in pigs. In this study, ten porcine miRNAs (let-7a, miR-16, miR-17, miR-23a, miR-26a, miR-93, miR-103, miR-107, miR-127 and miR-191), based on the literature, were chosen as candidate reference miRNAs in serum. We evaluated the expression stability value of these miRNAs in Berkshire, Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire pigs using geNorm and NormFinder. We determined the optimal combination of reference miRNAs for qPCR experiments: miR-127 and miR-17 in Berkshire pigs; miR-127 and miR-93 in Duroc and Landrace pigs; miR-127 and miR-16 in Yorkshire pigs. miR-127 was the best reference gene in pigs, regardless of the breed. Our study is crucial for the discovery of novel biomarkers in pigs. The reference miRNAs presented in this study could be used as appropriate reference genes for the measurement of circulating miRNA levels in studies of physiological blood metabolites.
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15
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Ioannidis J, Donadeu FX. Comprehensive analysis of blood cells and plasma identifies tissue-specific miRNAs as potential novel circulating biomarkers in cattle. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:243. [PMID: 29636028 PMCID: PMC5894187 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of tissue function, both in health and disease, has been extensively demonstrated in humans. In addition, circulating miRNA biomarkers offer significant potential towards improving the productivity of livestock species, however, such potential has been hampered by the absence of information on the nature and source of circulating miRNA populations in these species. In addition, many miRNAs originally proposed as robust biomarkers of a particular tissue or disease in humans have been later shown not to be tissue specific and thus to actually have limited biomarker utility. In this study, we comprehensively analysed miRNA profiles in plasma and cell fractions of blood from cattle with the aim to identify tissue-derived miRNAs which may be useful as biomarkers of tissue function in this important food animal species. RESULTS Using small RNA sequencing, we identified 92 miRNAs with significantly higher expression in plasma compared to paired blood cell samples (n = 4 cows). Differences in miRNA levels between plasma and cell fractions were validated for eight out of 10 miRNAs using RT-qPCR (n = 10 cows). Among miRNAs found to be enriched in plasma, we confirmed miR-122 (liver), miR-133a (muscle) and miR-215 (intestine) to be tissue-enriched, as reported for other species. Profiling of additional miRNAs across different tissues identified the human homologue, miR-802, as highly enriched specifically in liver. CONCLUSIONS These results provide novel information on the source of bovine circulating miRNAs and could significantly facilitate the identification of production-relevant tissue biomarkers in livestock. In particular, miR-802, a circulating miRNA not previously identified in cattle, can reportedly regulate insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism, and thus could potentially provide a specific biomarker of liver function, a key parameter in the context of post-partum negative energy balance in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ioannidis
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
| | - F. Xavier Donadeu
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
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16
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Ioannidis J, Risse J, Donadeu FX. Profiling of MicroRNAs in the Biofluids of Livestock Species. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1733:65-77. [PMID: 29435923 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7601-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The value of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as noninvasive biomarkers of human disease has been extensively demonstrated. Significant potential also exists in other species, particularly in relation to control of veterinary diseases and selection/monitoring of production traits in livestock. Although robust protocols have been developed for miRNA profiling of human biofluids, significant optimization may be required before these can be applied to other species. In this chapter, we describe protocols for small-RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR analyses of plasma samples from livestock species. In addition, we provide brief data analysis protocols for small-RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR data. Finally, we highlight important considerations for these protocols such as low RNA yield, platform-specific biases, and optimal normalization approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ioannidis
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, UK.
| | - Judith Risse
- Edinburgh Genomics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL, USA
| | - F Xavier Donadeu
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, UK.
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17
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Dong H, Gao Q, Peng X, Sun Y, Han T, Zhao B, Liu Y, Wang C, Song X, Wu J, Yang L. Circulating MicroRNAs As Potential Biomarkers for Veterinary Infectious Diseases. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:186. [PMID: 29209619 PMCID: PMC5701639 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of small non-coding RNA molecules that could regulate multiple biological pathways at posttranscriptional level. Over 2,000 miRNAs have so far been discovered in humans, and many of them are found to be linked to various kinds of diseases. Thus, miRNAs are being considered as clinical diagnostic and therapeutic targets. With the discovery of high stability of circulating miRNAs in various kinds of mammalian body fluids, the potential of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers of infectious diseases aroused great interest among researchers. As far as human diseases are concerned, some biomarkers based on circulating miRNAs have been progressed to clinical application. In veterinary fields, however, this concept is only beginning to come into view. In this review, we summarize an update of preclinical studies on using circulating miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers to combat infectious diseases that affect domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- National Veterinarian Diagnostic Center, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Inspection Technology Research, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- Department of Inspection Technology Research, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- National Veterinarian Diagnostic Center, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Han
- National Veterinarian Diagnostic Center, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bolin Zhao
- National Veterinarian Diagnostic Center, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yufu Liu
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanbin Wang
- National Veterinarian Diagnostic Center, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- National Veterinarian Diagnostic Center, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- National Veterinarian Diagnostic Center, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- National Veterinarian Diagnostic Center, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing, China
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18
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Entwistle LJ, Wilson MS. MicroRNA-mediated regulation of immune responses to intestinal helminth infections. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [PMID: 27977850 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal helminth infections are highly prevalent in the developing world, often resulting in chronic infection and inflicting high host morbidity. With the emergence of drug-resistant parasites, a limited number of chemotherapeutic drugs available and stalling vaccine efforts, an increased understanding of antihelminth immunity is essential to provide new avenues to therapeutic intervention. MicroRNAs are a class of small, nonprotein coding RNAs which negatively regulate mRNA translation, thus providing finite control over gene expression in a plethora of biological settings. The miRNA-mediated coordinated control of gene expression has been shown to be essential in infection and immunity, in promoting and fine-tuning the appropriate immune response. This review gathers together and discusses observations of miRNA-mediated effects on the immune system and the subsequent impact on our understanding of antihelminth immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Entwistle
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - M S Wilson
- Allergy and Anti-Helminth Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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19
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Changes in circulating microRNA levels can be identified as early as day 8 of pregnancy in cattle. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174892. [PMID: 28380001 PMCID: PMC5381804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor reproductive performance remains a major issue in the dairy industry, with low conception rates having a significant impact on milk production through extended calving intervals. A major limiting factor is the lack of reliable methods for early pregnancy diagnosis. Identification of animals within a herd that fail to conceive within 3 weeks after insemination would allow early re-insemination and shorten calving intervals. In a previous study, we found an increase in plasma miR-26a levels in Day 16-pregnant relative to non-pregnant heifers, however changes in miRNA levels that early during pregnancy were very small which likely prevented the identification of robust biomarkers. In this study, we extended our analyses to a wider interval during pregnancy (Days 8 to 60, n = 11 heifers) with the rationale that this may facilitate the identification of additional early pregnancy miRNA biomarkers. Using small RNA sequencing we identified a total of 77 miRNAs that were differentially expressed on Day 60 relative to Day 0 of pregnancy. We selected 14 miRNAs for validation by RT-qPCR and confirmed significant differences in the expression of let-7f, let-7c, miR-30c, miR-101, miR-26a, miR-205 and miR-143 between Days 0 and 60. RT-qPCR profiling throughout Days 0, 8, 16 and 60 of pregnancy showed a distinct increase in circulating levels of miR-26a (3.1-fold, P = 0.046) as early as Day 8 of pregnancy. In summary, in contrast to earlier stages of pregnancy (≤ Day 24), marked differences in the levels of multiple miRNAs can be detected in circulation by Day 60 in cattle. Retrospective analyses showed miR-26a levels to be increased in circulation as early as Day 8, sooner than previously reported in any species, suggesting a biological role for this miRNA in the very early events of pregnancy.
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20
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Jin X, Guo X, Zhu D, Ayaz M, Zheng Y. miRNA profiling in the mice in response to Echinococcus multilocularis infection. Acta Trop 2017; 166:39-44. [PMID: 27810427 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
miRNAs are small non-coding regulatory RNAs and actively contribute to the pathogenesis of parasitic diseases in multiple ways. The influence of Echinococcus multilocularis infection on host miRNAs remains unclear. Herein, it was shown that E. multilocularis infection disturbed the expression of 4 of 10 genes essential to miRNA biogenesis in the mouse liver, including ago1, ago4, tarbp2 and xrn2. Comparative analysis of deep sequencing data identified 46 differentially expressed miRNAs with 93.5% (43/46) being down-regulated, some of which are associated with modulation of liver cell death and fibrosis, and GO analysis revealed that these miRNAs were mainly enriched in signal transduction (p<0.008). Moreover, 57 miRNAs were commonly found to be edited in complex patterns in both control and E. multilocularis-infected samples. In some miRNAs, editing of nucleotides at the same or/and distinct positions in a given miRNA occurred in different frequencies. Correlation analysis showed that the mutation and editing rates of 57 commonly edited miRNAs were significantly correlated between both samples (r=0.9974, p<0.0001), suggesting little effect of E. multilocularis infection on miRNA mutation and editing. These results provide a rich and informative data for further studies of a role of host miRNAs during E. multilocularis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaola Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Dongqing Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mazhar Ayaz
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Yadong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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