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1
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Mehinagic K, Liniger M, Samoilenko M, Soltermann N, Gerber M, Ruggli N. A sensitive luciferase reporter assay for the detection of infectious African swine fever virus. J Virol Methods 2024; 323:114854. [PMID: 37989458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a complex DNA virus causing severe hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild boar. The disease has spread worldwide, with important socio-economic consequences. Early virus detection and control measures are crucial as there are no effective vaccines nor antivirals on the market. While the diagnosis of ASFV is fast and based primarily on qPCR, the detection of infectious ASFV is a labor-intensive process requiring susceptible macrophages and subsequent antibody-based staining or hemadsorption. The latter cannot detect ASFV isolates devoid of functional CD2v (EP402R) expression. Here, we report the development of a plasmid-based reporter assay (RA) for the sensitive detection and titration of infectious ASFV. To this end, we constructed a plasmid for secreted NanoLuc luciferase (secNluc) expression driven by the ASFV DNA polymerase gene G1211R promoter. Infection of plasmid-transfected immortalized porcine kidney macrophages (IPKM) followed by measurement of secNluc from cell culture supernatants allowed reliable automated quantification of infectious ASFV. The RA-based titers matched the titers determined by conventional p72-staining or hemadsorption protocols. The novel assay is specific for ASFV as it does not detect classical swine fever virus nor porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. It is applicable to ASFV of different genotypes, virulence, and sources, including ASFV from sera and whole blood from infected pigs as well as non-hemadsorbing ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Mehinagic
- Division of Virology, Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern and Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Liniger
- Division of Virology, Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern and Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maksym Samoilenko
- Division of Virology, Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern and Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nick Soltermann
- Division of Virology, Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern and Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Division of Virology, Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern and Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- Division of Virology, Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern and Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Petrovan V, Rathakrishnan A, Islam M, Goatley LC, Moffat K, Sanchez-Cordon PJ, Reis AL, Dixon LK. Role of African Swine Fever Virus Proteins EP153R and EP402R in Reducing Viral Persistence in Blood and Virulence in Pigs Infected with BeninΔDP148R. J Virol 2022; 96:e0134021. [PMID: 34643433 PMCID: PMC8754224 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01340-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited knowledge on the role of many of the approximately 170 proteins encoded by African swine fever virus restricts progress toward vaccine development. Previously, the DP148R gene was deleted from the genome of genotype I virulent Benin 97/1 isolate. This virus, BeninΔDP148R, induced transient moderate clinical signs after immunization and high levels of protection against challenge. However, the BeninΔDP148R virus and genome persisted in blood over a prolonged period. In the current study, deletion of either EP402R or EP153R genes individually or in combination from BeninΔDP148R genome was shown not to reduce virus replication in macrophages in vitro. However, deletion of EP402R dramatically reduced the period of infectious virus persistence in blood in immunized pigs from 28 to 14 days and virus genome from 59 to 14 days while maintaining high levels of protection against challenge. The additional deletion of EP153R (BeninΔDP148RΔEP153RΔEP402R) further attenuated the virus, and no viremia or clinical signs were observed postimmunization. This was associated with decreased protection and detection of moderate levels of challenge virus in blood. Interestingly, the deletion of EP153R alone from BeninΔDP148R did not result in further virus attenuation and did not reduce the period of virus persistence in blood. These results show that EP402R and EP153R have a synergistic role in reducing clinical signs and levels of virus in blood. IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a disease of domestic pigs and wild boar which results in death of almost all infected animals. The disease has a high economic impact, and no vaccine is available. We investigated the role of two ASFV proteins, called EP402R and EP153R, in determining the levels and length of time virus persists in blood from infected pigs. EP402R causes ASFV particles and infected cells to bind to red blood cells. Deletion of the EP402R gene dramatically reduced virus persistence in blood but did not reduce the level of virus. Deletion of the EP153R gene alone did not reduce the period or level of virus persistence in blood. However, deleting both EP153R and EP402R resulted in undetectable levels of virus in blood and no clinical signs showing that the proteins act synergistically. Importantly, the infected pigs were protected following infection with the wild-type virus that kills pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Petrovan
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Muneeb Islam
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Katy Moffat
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Ana L. Reis
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
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Rathakrishnan A, Reis AL, Moffat K, Dixon LK. Isolation of Porcine Bone Marrow Cells and Generation of Recombinant African Swine Fever Viruses. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2503:73-94. [PMID: 35575887 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2333-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Genetic manipulation of ASFV has been increasingly used not only for the development of live attenuated vaccines but also as an indispensable tool to further our understanding of the virus-host interactions. Here we present methods for isolation of porcine bone marrow cells and purification of recombinant ASFV using both chromogenic and fluorescent reporters. We also describe in detail a newly developed method to purify genetically modified ASFV using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katy Moffat
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK
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4
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Zhang Y, Ke J, Zhang J, Yue H, Chen T, Li Q, Zhou X, Qi Y, Zhu R, Wang S, Miao F, Zhang S, Li N, Mi L, Yang J, Yang J, Han X, Wang L, Li Y, Hu R. I267L Is Neither the Virulence- Nor the Replication-Related Gene of African Swine Fever Virus and Its Deletant Is an Ideal Fluorescent-Tagged Virulence Strain. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010053. [PMID: 35062257 PMCID: PMC8777747 DOI: 10.3390/v14010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF) which reaches up to 100% case fatality in domestic pigs and wild boar and causes significant economic losses in the swine industry. Lack of knowledge of the function of ASFV genes is a serious impediment to the development of the safe and effective vaccine. Herein, I267L was identified as a relative conserved gene and an early expressed gene. A recombinant virus (SY18ΔI267L) with I267L gene deletion was produced by replacing I267L of the virulent ASFV SY18 with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) cassette. The replication kinetics of SY18ΔI267L is similar to that of the parental isolate in vitro. Moreover, the doses of 102.0 TCID50 (n = 5) and 105.0 TCID50 (n = 5) SY18ΔI267L caused virulent phenotype, severe clinical signs, viremia, high viral load, and mortality in domestic pigs inoculated intramuscularly as the virulent parental virus strain. Therefore, the deletion of I267L does not affect the replication or the virulence of ASFV. Utilizing the fluorescent-tagged virulence deletant can be easy to gain a visual result in related research such as the inactivation effect of some drugs, disinfectants, extracts, etc. on ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Junnan Ke
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.K.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Huixian Yue
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Teng Chen
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Qian Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Xintao Zhou
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Yu Qi
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Rongnian Zhu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Shuchao Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Faming Miao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Shoufeng Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Nan Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Lijuan Mi
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Jinjin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.K.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jinmei Yang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Xun Han
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Lidong Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Ying Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.K.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Rongliang Hu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.Y.); (T.C.); (Q.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Q.); (R.Z.); (S.W.); (F.M.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (L.M.); (J.Y.); (X.H.); (L.W.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (R.H.)
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Labroussaa F, Mehinagic K, Cippa V, Liniger M, Akarsu H, Ruggli N, Jores J. In-yeast reconstruction of the African swine fever virus genome isolated from clinical samples. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100803. [PMID: 34527959 PMCID: PMC8433286 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol describes a synthetic genomics pipeline to clone and engineer the entire 190-kbp genome of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II in yeast using transformation-associated recombination cloning. The viral genome was cloned using DNA directly extracted from a clinical sample. In addition, the precise deletion of a non-essential gene and its replacement by a synthetic reporter gene cassette are presented. This protocol is applicable to other ASFV genotypes and other large DNA viruses. Use of TAR for the individual cloning of five ASFV sub-genomic fragments in yeast Chemical synthesis of both 5′ and 3′ ITR genomic regions Replacement of the C962R gene by reporter genes (eGFP or secNLuc)
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Labroussaa
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
| | - Kemal Mehinagic
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, Mittelhäusern 3147, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Cippa
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Liniger
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, Mittelhäusern 3147, Switzerland
| | - Hatice Akarsu
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, Mittelhäusern 3147, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Jores
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology (DIP), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
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Rathakrishnan A, Reis AL, Goatley LC, Moffat K, Dixon LK. Deletion of the K145R and DP148R Genes from the Virulent ASFV Georgia 2007/1 Isolate Delays the Onset, but Does Not Reduce Severity, of Clinical Signs in Infected Pigs. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081473. [PMID: 34452339 PMCID: PMC8402900 DOI: 10.3390/v13081473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus causes a frequently fatal disease of domestic pigs and wild boar that has a high economic impact across 3 continents. The large double-stranded DNA genome codes for approximately 160 proteins. Many of these have unknown functions and this hinders our understanding of the virus and host interactions. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of two virus proteins, K145R and DP148R, in virus replication in macrophages and virulence in pigs. To do this, the DP148R gene, alone or in combination with the K145R gene, was deleted from the virulent genotype II Georgia 2007/1 isolate. Neither of these deletions reduced the ability of the viruses to replicate in porcine macrophages compared to the parental wild-type virus. Pigs infected with GeorgiaΔDP148R developed clinical and post-mortem signs and high viremia, typical of acute African swine fever, and were culled on day 6 post-infection. The additional deletion of the K145R gene delayed the onset of clinical signs and viremia in pigs by 3 days, but pigs showed signs of acute African swine fever and were culled on days 10 or 13 post-infection. The results show that the deletion of DP148R did not attenuate the genotype II Georgia 2007/1 isolate, contrary to the results obtained with the genotype I Benin97/1 isolate. Additional deletion of the K145R gene delayed clinical signs, but infected pigs reached the humane endpoint. The deletion of additional genes would be required to attenuate the virus.
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Torma G, Tombácz D, Csabai Z, Moldován N, Mészáros I, Zádori Z, Boldogkői Z. Combined Short and Long-Read Sequencing Reveals a Complex Transcriptomic Architecture of African Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040579. [PMID: 33808073 PMCID: PMC8103240 DOI: 10.3390/v13040579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large DNA virus belonging to the Asfarviridae family. Despite its agricultural importance, little is known about the fundamental molecular mechanisms of this pathogen. Short-read sequencing (SRS) can produce a huge amount of high-precision sequencing reads for transcriptomic profiling, but it is inefficient for comprehensively annotating transcriptomes. Long-read sequencing (LRS) can overcome some of SRS's limitations, but it also has drawbacks, such as low-coverage and high error rate. The limitations of the two approaches can be surmounted by the combined use of these techniques. In this study, we used Illumina SRS and Oxford Nanopore Technologies LRS platforms with multiple library preparation methods (amplified and direct cDNA sequencings and native RNA sequencing) for constructing the ASFV transcriptomic atlas. This work identified many novel transcripts and transcript isoforms and annotated the precise termini of previously described RNAs. This study identified a novel species of ASFV transcripts, the replication origin-associated RNAs. Additionally, we discovered several nested genes embedded into larger canonical genes. In contrast to the current view that the ASFV transcripts are monocistronic, we detected a significant extent of polycistronism. A multifaceted meshwork of transcriptional overlaps was also discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Torma
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4., 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.T.); (D.T.); (Z.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Dóra Tombácz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4., 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.T.); (D.T.); (Z.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Zsolt Csabai
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4., 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.T.); (D.T.); (Z.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Norbert Moldován
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4., 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.T.); (D.T.); (Z.C.); (N.M.)
| | - István Mészáros
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (I.M.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zoltán Zádori
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (I.M.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zsolt Boldogkői
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Somogyi B. u. 4., 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.T.); (D.T.); (Z.C.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Production of Recombinant African Swine Fever Viruses: Speeding Up the Process. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060615. [PMID: 32516890 PMCID: PMC7354605 DOI: 10.3390/v12060615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating disease in pigs, with no vaccines for control. The genetic manipulation of African swine fever virus (ASFV) is often tedious and time consuming. Here, we describe a method to manipulate the virus genome to produce gene deletion viruses in a much-reduced time. This method combines the conventional homologous recombination with fluorescent-activated cells sorting (FACS), to isolate and purify viruses expressing fluorescent reporter genes. With three rounds of single cell isolation via FACS and two rounds of limiting dilution, we deleted two additional genes, EP153R and EP402R, from Benin 97/1 ASFV lacking the DP148R gene. By combining different fluorescent markers, this method has the potential to greatly facilitate studies on understanding ASFV gene functions and develop candidate live-attenuated vaccines.
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Identification and characterization of the 285L and K145R proteins of African swine fever virus. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:1303-1314. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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10
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Hübner A, Petersen B, Keil GM, Niemann H, Mettenleiter TC, Fuchs W. Efficient inhibition of African swine fever virus replication by CRISPR/Cas9 targeting of the viral p30 gene (CP204L). Sci Rep 2018; 8:1449. [PMID: 29362418 PMCID: PMC5780455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever is a devastating viral disease of domestic and wild pigs against which no vaccine or therapy is available. Therefore, we applied the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) – Cas9 nuclease system to target the double-stranded DNA genome of African swine fever virus (ASFV). To this end, a permissive wild boar lung (WSL) cell line was modified by stable transfection with a plasmid encoding Cas9 and a guide RNA targeting codons 71 to 78 of the phosphoprotein p30 gene (CP204L) of ASFV. Due to targeted Cas9 cleavage of the virus genome, plaque formation of ASFV was completely abrogated and virus yields were reduced by four orders of magnitude. The specificity of these effects could be demonstrated by using a natural ASFV isolate and escape mutants possessing nucleotide exchanges within the target sequence, which were not inhibited in the Cas9-expressing cell line. Growth of the cell line was not affected by transgene expression which, as well as virus inhibition, proved to be stable over at least 50 passages. Thus, CRISPR-Cas9 mediated targeting of the ASFV p30 gene is a valid strategy to convey resistance against ASF infection, which may also be applied in its natural animal host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hübner
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Bjoern Petersen
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 31535, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Günther M Keil
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Heiner Niemann
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 31535, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Walter Fuchs
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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