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Kumar V, Verma P. Pulp-paper industry sludge waste biorefinery for sustainable energy and value-added products development: A systematic valorization towards waste management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120052. [PMID: 38244409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The pulp-paper industry is one of the main industrial sectors that produce massive amounts of residual sludge, constituting an enormous environmental burden for the industries. Traditional sludge management practices, such as landfilling and incineration, are restricted due to mounting environmental pressures, complex regulatory frameworks, land availability, high costs, and public opinion. Valorization of pulp-paper industry sludge (PPS) to produce high-value products is a promising substitute for traditional sludge management practices, promoting their reuse and recycling. Valorization of PPIS for biorefinery beneficiation includes biomethane, biohydrogen, bioethanol, biobutanol, and biodiesel production for renewable energy generation. Additionally, the various thermo-chemical technologies can be utilized to synthesize bio-oil, hydrochar, biochar, adsorbent, and activated carbon, signifying potential for value-added generation. Moreover, PPIS can be recycled as a byproduct by incorporating it into nanocomposites, cardboard, and construction materials development. This paper aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of PPIS management approaches and thermo-chemical technologies utilized for the development of platform chemicals in industry. Substitute uses of PPIS, such as making building materials, developing supercapacitors, and making cardboard, are also discussed. In addition, this article deeply discusses recent developments in biotechnologies for valorizing PPIS to yield an array of valuable products, such as biofuels, lactic acids, cellulose, nanocellulose, and so on. This review serves as a roadmap for future research endeavors in the effective handling of PPIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer-305817, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer-305817, Rajasthan, India.
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Co-Combustion Behavior of Paper Sludge Hydrochar and Pulverized Coal: Low Rank Coal and Its Product by Hydrothermal Carbonization. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15155619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the combustion behavior of low rank coal and its product after hydrothermal carbonization with paper sludge hydrochar were studied. The Raman technique was used to compare the structural differences between raw coal and the product. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to conduct experiments of single sample and their mixtures with different proportions at a heating rate of 20 °C/min, the activation energy of chemical reactions was calculated. The results showed that upgraded product had higher carbon ordering degree than raw coal and the ignition temperature and burnout temperature of the product were advanced. Compared with raw coal, the combustion characteristic parameters C and S of the product were higher, indicating that its combustibility was better. As for the mixture, when the paper sludge hydrochar ratio was not more than 10%, the mixed fuel combustion curve was still similar to coal curve. After the paper sludge hydrochar ratio exceeded 10%, the activation energy of the mixed combustion reaction of paper sludge hydrochar and upgraded coal was lower than that of raw coal and paper sludge hydrochar. These results indicated that the mixture of upgraded coal and paper sludge hydrochar as mixed fuel was a better option.
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Kim HM, Choi TY, Park MJ, Jeong DW. Heavy metal removal using an advanced removal method to obtain recyclable paper incineration ash. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12800. [PMID: 35896703 PMCID: PMC9329337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Various agents, including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, and HCl, were applied to remove heavy metals from raw paper incineration ash and render the ash recyclable. Among these prepared agent solutions, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid showed the highest efficiency for Pb removal, while oxalic acid showed the highest efficiencies for Cu, Cd, and As removal. Additionally, three modes of an advanced removal method, which involved the use of both ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and oxalic acid, were considered for use at the end of the rendering process. Among these three modes of the advanced removal method, that which involved the simultaneous use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and oxalic acid, i.e., a mixture of both solutions, showed the best heavy metal removal efficiencies. In detail, 11.9% of Cd, 10% of Hg, 28.42% of As, 31.29% of Cu, and 49.19% of Pb were removed when this method was used. Furthermore, the application of these three modes of the advanced removal method resulted in a decrease in the amounts of heavy metals eluted and brought about an increase in the CaO content of the treated incineration ash, while decreasing its Cl content. These combined results enhanced the solidification effect of the treated incineration ash. Thus, it was confirmed that the advanced removal method is a promising strategy by which recyclable paper incineration ash can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Min Kim
- Industrial Technology Research Center, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yeol Choi
- Department of Smart Environmental Energy Engineering, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Park
- Department of Smart Environmental Energy Engineering, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Woon Jeong
- Department of Smart Environmental Energy Engineering, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51140, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51140, Republic of Korea.
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Li J, Shi S, Wang Y, Jiang Z. Integrated production of optically pure l-lactic acid from paper mill sludge by simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF). WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 129:35-46. [PMID: 34023801 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Paper mill sludge (PMS) raises critical environmental issues due to its disposal problem, but its high sugar content and well-dispersed structure make it a great feedstock for biochemical production. The technical feasibility of integrating cellulase enzyme production into lactic acid (LA) fermentation from PMS was investigated in this study. The low ash content of PMS suggests a great potential for cellulase production. The enzyme produced using PMS without any treatment gave an activity of 7.8 FPU/ml, a performance comparable to the commercial enzyme, Cellic CTec 2. The LA yield from PMS with in-house enzyme was 64.7% and 73.7% at the enzyme loading of 10 and 15 FPU/g-glucan, respectively. The LA obtained was optically pure L- isomer with over 99% purity. The optimal condition of LA production by Bacillus coagulans was found to be 50 °C and pH 5.3 (with 50 g/L CaCO3). The nutrient effect of yeast extract (YE) and corn steep liquor (CSL) was substrate dependent, and CSL could substitute YE as an inexpensive nutrient when using PMS as a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Alabama Center for Paper and Bioresource Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Suan Shi
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Alabama Center for Paper and Bioresource Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
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Xu S, Yang F, Hu H, Gao L, Chen T, Cao C, Yao H. Investigation and improvement of the desulfurization performance of molten carbonates under the influence of typical pyrolysis gases. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 124:46-53. [PMID: 33601177 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Co-pyrolysis with oxygen-lean waste tires could improve the quality of pyrolytic oil from the bio-wastes while H2S/COS generated during co-pyrolysis process has a negative impact on the utilization of oil/syngas as well as the flue gas pollution control. Compared to traditional wet desulfurization process, high-temperature desulfurization via molten carbonates could reduce heat loss and favor the recycling of captured sulfur. Notably, small-molecule pyrolytic gases might change the species of sulfur-containing gases and promote the re-emission of absorbed sulfur from the molten salts. To fully understand the effects of pyrolysis gases (H2/CO/H2O/CO2) on molten salts desulfurization efficiency as well as mutual conversion mechanism of H2S and COS, equilibrium compositions calculations and adsorption experiments were carried out in the present study. The results showed that H2/CO had few effects on molten salts desulfurization performance and mutual conversion of H2S/COS. In contrast, CO2 and H2O had obvious adverse effects on desulfurization efficiency through the transferring of free S2- into emitted sulfur-containing gases. More specifically, only a small amount of CO2 reacted with S2- to produce COS while more S2- was converted to H2S and released from the reactor outlet when H2O was introduced. Fortunately, the impact of H2O or CO2 on molten salts desulfurization could be weakened with the addition of CaCO3 by transferring the molten free S2- into precipitated CaS. Besides, multi-stage desulfurization units connected in series and parallel were proposed and estimated, which was confirmed to show good performance to maintain the high desulfurization efficiency from the complicated pyrolytic gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihua Xu
- Hubei University of Technology, School of Civil & Environment Engineering, Wuhan 430068, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongyun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Linxia Gao
- Hubei University of Technology, School of Civil & Environment Engineering, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Tongzhou Chen
- Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chengyang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Bashir MA, Jahangiri H, Hornung A, Ouadi M. Deoxygenation of Bio‐oil from Calcium‐Rich Paper‐Mill Waste. Chem Eng Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Bashir
- University of Birmingham School of Chemical Engineering B15 2TT Edgbaston, Birmingham UK
| | - Hessam Jahangiri
- University of Birmingham School of Chemical Engineering B15 2TT Edgbaston, Birmingham UK
| | - Andreas Hornung
- University of Birmingham School of Chemical Engineering B15 2TT Edgbaston, Birmingham UK
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental Safety and Energy Technology An der Maxhuette 1 92237 Sulzbach-Rosenberg Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Schlossplatz 4 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Miloud Ouadi
- University of Birmingham School of Chemical Engineering B15 2TT Edgbaston, Birmingham UK
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G. Tsadik YK, Hailu AM, Asfaw SL, Mekonnen YS. The effect of brewery sludge biochar on immobilization of bio-available cadmium and growth of Brassica carinata. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05573. [PMID: 33305046 PMCID: PMC7711143 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar has gained an attention in reducing the bio-availability of toxic heavy metals and minimize threat of entering into food chain from contaminated soil. This study was aimed at evaluating the potential use of brewery sludge biochar (BSB) as a soil amendment for reducing cadmium bio-availability and uptake by Brassica carinata in a pot experiment. In this pot experiment, artificially cadmium spiked, moderately fertile, and slightly basic silty-loam soil was used. The biochar was produced by pyrolyzing of the brewery sludge at 500 °C. The obtained biochar was sieved with 0.5 mm mesh size and applied at the rate of 4 % (w/w) on the Brassica carinata grown cadmium spiked soil. The additions of BSB to the soil contributed a significant reduction of the bio-availability of cadmium in the soil and its accumulation in the shoot of Brassica carinata by 86% and 93%, respectively. Besides, it remarkably increased the dry weight of the edible part of Brassica carinata by 228%. The results revealed that BSB is very effective additive in cadmium immobilization, in turn, significantly (p-value = 0.00) promoting vegetable (Brassica carinata) growth. Therefore, BSB can be used as agricultural soil remedy for cadmium contamination and as safe disposal of brewery sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordanos Kiros G. Tsadik
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abrha Mulu Hailu
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Aksum University, P.O. Box 1010, Axum, Ethiopia
| | - Seyoum Leta Asfaw
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yedilfana Setarge Mekonnen
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Valdés CF, Marrugo GP, Chejne F, Marin-Jaramillo A, Franco-Ocampo J, Norena-Marin L. Co-gasification and co-combustion of industrial solid waste mixtures and their implications on environmental emissions, as an alternative management. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 101:54-65. [PMID: 31590031 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The primary sludge produced by the wastewater treatment plant of a pulp and paper mill has high physicochemical heterogeneity, which limits the efficiency of thermochemical methodologies for the final disposal of this residue. As a solution, co-pelletization of the Primary Sludge (PS) with two other principal Industrial Solid Residues (ISRs) of the plant, Coal Boiler Ashes (CBA) and Wood Waste chips (WW), was proposed as a way to valorize the PS for energy use, while reducing dewatering costs. The energy potential was evaluated through a series of thermal co-processing tests of disaggregated and pelletized mixtures. Due to their differing fixed-carbon-to-volatile-material ratios, combining the ISRs resulted in a reduction of up to 45% of the mass of the ISR generated, improving the disposal conditions and achieving a minimum thermal power of 5.0 MJ/Nm3 through gasification. Finally, the environmental implications of the thermal co-processing of the wastes were assessed, finding very low impacts due to pollutant emissions, in accordance with the legal environmental regulations in force in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F Valdés
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Minas, Escuela de Procesos y Energía, TAYEA Group, Carrera 80 No. 65-223, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gloria P Marrugo
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Minas, Escuela de Procesos y Energía, TAYEA Group, Carrera 80 No. 65-223, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Farid Chejne
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Minas, Escuela de Procesos y Energía, TAYEA Group, Carrera 80 No. 65-223, Medellín, Colombia.
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Ouadi M, Fivga A, Jahangiri H, Saghir M, Hornung A. A Review of the Valorization of Paper Industry Wastes by Thermochemical Conversion. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miloud Ouadi
- University of Birmingham, School of Chemical Engineering, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology, An der Maxhütte 1, 92237 Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Germany
| | - Antzela Fivga
- University of Birmingham, School of Chemical Engineering, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Hessam Jahangiri
- University of Birmingham, School of Chemical Engineering, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Saghir
- University of Birmingham, School of Chemical Engineering, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Hornung
- University of Birmingham, School of Chemical Engineering, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology, An der Maxhütte 1, 92237 Sulzbach-Rosenberg, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schlossplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Li T, Guo F, Li X, Liu Y, Peng K, Jiang X, Guo C. Characterization of herb residue and high ash-containing paper sludge blends from fixed bed pyrolysis. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 76:544-554. [PMID: 29653883 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High ash-containing paper sludge which is rich in various metal oxides is employed in herb residue pyrolysis to enhance the yield of fuel gas and reduce tar yield in a drop tube fixed bed reactor. Effects of heat treatment temperature and blending ratio of paper sludge on the yields and composition of pyrolysis products (gas, tar and char) were investigated. Results indicate that paper sludge shows a significantly catalytic effect during the pyrolysis processes of herb residue, accelerating the pyrolysis reactions. The catalytic effect resulted in an increase in gas yield but a decrease in tar yield. The catalytic effect degree is affected by the paper sludge proportions, and the strongest catalytic effect of paper sludge is noted at its blending ratio of 50%. At temperature lower than 900 °C, the catalytic effect of paper sludge in the pyrolysis of herb residue promotes the formation of H2 and CO2, inhibits the formation of CH4, but shows slight influence on the formations of CO, while the formation of the four gas components was all promoted at 900 °C. SEM results of residue char show that ash particles from paper sludge adhere to the surface of the herb residue char after pyrolysis, which may promote the pyrolysis process of herb residue for more gas releasing. FT-IR results indicate that most functional groups disappear after pyrolysis. The addition of paper sludge promotes deoxidisation and aromatization reactions of hetero atoms tars, forming heavier polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and leading to tar yield decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantao Li
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Feiqiang Guo
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, PR China.
| | - Xiaolei Li
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Kuangye Peng
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Jiang
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Chenglong Guo
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, PR China
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11
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Fang S, Yu Z, Lin Y, Lin Y, Fan Y, Liao Y, Ma X. Effects of additives on the co-pyrolysis of municipal solid waste and paper sludge by using thermogravimetric analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 209:265-272. [PMID: 26985626 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
By using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the effects of different additives (MgO, Al2O3 and ZnO) on the pyrolysis characteristics and activation energy of municipal solid waste (MSW), paper sludge (PS) and their blends in N2 atmosphere had been investigated in this study. The experiments resulted that these additives were effective in reducing the initial temperature and activation energy. However, not all the additives were beneficial to reduce the residue mass and enhance the index D. For the different ratios of MSW and PS, the same additive even had the different influences. The catalytic effects of additives were not obvious and the pyrolysis became difficult with the increase of the proportion of PS. Based on all the contrast of the pyrolysis characteristics, MgO was the best additive and 70M30P was the best ratio, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Fang
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaosheng Yu
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Lin
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yousheng Lin
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Fan
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfen Liao
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
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12
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Zhang J, Lü F, Zhang H, Shao L, Chen D, He P. Multiscale visualization of the structural and characteristic changes of sewage sludge biochar oriented towards potential agronomic and environmental implication. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9406. [PMID: 25802185 DOI: 10.1038/srep09406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sewage sludge biochars were obtained at different pyrolysis temperatures from 300°C to 900°C and their macro- and microscale properties were analyzed. The biochar's plant-available nutrients and humus-like substances in the water-extractable phase and fixed nutrients in the solid fraction were evaluated for their potential agronomic implications. FT-IR, Raman, XRD, XPS, and SEM techniques were used to investigate the chemical structure, functional groups, and microcrystal structure on the surface of the biochar. The results revealed minor chemical changes and dramatic mass loss in the biochar obtained at 300-500°C, whereas significant chemical changes in the biochar were obtained at 600-900°C. The concentrations of plant-available nutrients as well as fulvic- and humic-acid-like materials decreased in the biochar samples obtained at higher temperatures. These results implied that the biochar samples pyrolyzed at 300-500°C could be a direct nutrient source and used to neutralize alkaline soil. The surface area and porosity of the biochar samples increased with temperature, which increased their adsorption capacity. Rearrangement occurred at higher temperature 600-900°C, resulting in the biochar becoming increasingly polyaromatic and its graphite-like carbon becoming organized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jining Zhang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China [2] Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China [2] Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liming Shao
- 1] Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China [2] Centre for the Technology Research and Training on Household Waste in Small Towns &Rural Area, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of P.R.China (MOHURD), Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dezhen Chen
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pinjing He
- 1] Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China [2] Centre for the Technology Research and Training on Household Waste in Small Towns &Rural Area, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of P.R.China (MOHURD), Shanghai 200092, China
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Zhang L, Xu CC, Champagne P, Mabee W. Overview of current biological and thermo-chemical treatment technologies for sustainable sludge management. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2014; 32:586-600. [PMID: 24980032 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x14538303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sludge is a semi-solid residue produced from wastewater treatment processes. It contains biodegradable and recalcitrant organic compounds, as well as pathogens, heavy metals, and other inorganic constituents. Sludge can also be considered a source of nutrients and energy, which could be recovered using economically viable approaches. In the present paper, several commonly used sludge treatment processes including land application, composting, landfilling, anaerobic digestion, and combustion are reviewed, along with their potentials for energy and product recovery. In addition, some innovative thermo-chemical techniques in pyrolysis, gasification, liquefaction, and wet oxidation are briefly introduced. Finally, a brief summary of selected published works on the life cycle assessment of a variety of sludge treatment and end-use scenarios is presented in order to better understand the overall energy balance and environmental burdens associated with each sludge treatment pathway. In all scenarios investigated, the reuse of bioenergy and by-products has been shown to be of crucial importance in enhancing the overall energy efficiency and reducing the carbon footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada Department of Geography, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Chunbao Charles Xu
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Warren Mabee
- Department of Geography, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada School of Policy Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Omais B, Crepier J, Charon N, Courtiade M, Quignard A, Thiébaut D. Oxygen speciation in upgraded fast pyrolysis bio-oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. Analyst 2013; 138:2258-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35597c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Ibarrola R, Shackley S, Hammond J. Pyrolysis biochar systems for recovering biodegradable materials: A life cycle carbon assessment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 32:859-868. [PMID: 22119050 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A life cycle assessment (LCA) focused on biochar and bioenergy generation was performed for three thermal treatment configurations (slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis and gasification). Ten UK biodegradable wastes or residues were considered as feedstocks in this study. Carbon (equivalent) abatement (CA) and electricity production indicators were calculated. Slow pyrolysis systems offer the best performance in terms of CA, with net results varying from 0.07 to 1.25tonnes of CO(2)eq.t(-1) of feedstock treated. On the other hand, gasification achieves the best electricity generation outputs, with results varying around 0.9MWhet(-1) of feedstock. Moreover, selection of a common waste treatment practice as the reference scenario in an LCA has to be undertaken carefully as this will have a key influence upon the CA performance of pyrolysis or gasification biochar systems (P/GBS). Results suggest that P/GBS could produce important environmental benefits in terms of CA, but several potential pollution issues arising from contaminants in the biochar have to be addressed before biochar and bioenergy production from biodegradable waste can become common practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ibarrola
- UK Biochar Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, United Kingdom.
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16
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Hossain MK, Strezov V, Chan KY, Ziolkowski A, Nelson PF. Influence of pyrolysis temperature on production and nutrient properties of wastewater sludge biochar. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2011; 92:223-8. [PMID: 20870338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The important challenge for effective management of wastewater sludge materials in an environmentally and economically acceptable way can be addressed through pyrolytic conversion of the sludge to biochar and agricultural applications of the biochar. The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of pyrolysis temperature on production of wastewater sludge biochar and evaluate the properties required for agronomic applications. Wastewater sludge collected from an urban wastewater treatment plant was pyrolysed in a laboratory scale reactor. It was found that by increasing the pyrolysis temperature (over the range from 300 °C to 700 °C) the yield of biochar decreased. Biochar produced at low temperature was acidic whereas at high temperature it was alkaline in nature. The concentration of nitrogen was found to decrease while micronutrients increased with increasing temperature. Concentrations of trace metals present in wastewater sludge varied with temperature and were found to primarily enriched in the biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa K Hossain
- Graduate School of the Environment, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
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17
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Ischia M, Dal Maschio R, Grigiante M, Baratieri M. Clay-sewage sludge co-pyrolysis. A TG-MS and Py-GC study on potential advantages afforded by the presence of clay in the pyrolysis of wastewater sewage sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 31:71-77. [PMID: 20605088 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater sewage sludge was co-pyrolyzed with a well characterized clay sample, in order to evaluate possible advantages in the thermal disposal process of solid waste. Characterization of the co-pyrolysis process was carried out both by thermogravimetric-mass spectrometric (TG-MS) analysis, and by reactor tests, using a lab-scale batch reactor equipped with a gas chromatograph for analysis of the evolved gas phase (Py-GC). Due to the presence of clay, two main effects were observed in the instrumental characterization of the process. Firstly, the clay surface catalyzed the pyrolysis reaction of the sludge, and secondly, the release of water from the clay, at temperatures of approx. 450-500 °C, enhanced gasification of part of carbon residue of the organic component of sludge following pyrolysis. Moreover, the solid residue remaining after pyrolysis process, composed of the inorganic component of sludge blended with clay, is characterized by good features for possible disposal by vitrification, yielding a vitreous matrix that immobilizes the hazardous heavy metals present in the sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ischia
- Department of Materials Engineering and Industrial Technologies, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38100 Trento, Italy.
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