1
|
Lehmusto J, Tesfaye F, Karlström O, Hupa L. Ashes from challenging fuels in the circular economy. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 177:211-231. [PMID: 38342059 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
In line with the objectives of the circular economy, the conversion of waste streams to useful and valuable side streams is a central goal. Ash represents one of the main industrial side-products, and using ashes in other than the present landfilling applications is, therefore, a high priority. This paper reviews the properties and utilization of ashes of different biomass power plants and waste incinerations, with a focus on the past decade. Possibilities for ash utilization are of uttermost importance in terms of circular economy and disposal of landfills. However, considering its applicability, ash originating from the heat treatment of chemically complex fuels, such as biomass and waste poses several challenges such as high heavy metal content and the presence of toxic and/or corrosive species. Furthermore, the physical properties of the ash might limit its usability. Nevertheless, numerous studies addressing the utilization possibilities of challenging ash in various applications have been carried out over the past decade. This review, with over 300 references, surveys the field of research, focusing on the utilization of biomass and municipal solid waste (MSW) ashes. Also, metal and phosphorus recovery from different ashes is addressed. It can be concluded that the key beneficial properties of the ash types addressed in this review are based on their i) alkaline nature suitable for neutralization reactions, ii) high adsorption capabilities to be used in CO2 capture and waste treatment, and iii) large surface area and appropriate chemical composition for the catalyst industry. Especially, ashes rich in Al2O3 and SiO2 have proven to be promising alternative catalysts in various industrial processes and as precursors for synthetic zeolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juho Lehmusto
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Fiseha Tesfaye
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Oskar Karlström
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland; Industrial Engineering and Management, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, 20500 FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Leena Hupa
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khudhur FWK, MacDonald JM, Daly L, Macente A, Spruženiece L, Griffin S, Wilson C. Microstructural analysis of slag properties associated with calcite precipitation due to passive CO 2 mineralization. Micron 2023; 174:103532. [PMID: 37683551 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2023.103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
CO2 mineralization in slag has gained significant attention since it occurs with minimal human intervention and energy input. While the amount of theoretical CO2 that can be captured within slag has been quantified based on slag composition in several studies, the microstructural and mineralogical effects of slag on its ability to capture CO2 have not been fully addressed. In this work, the CO2 uptake within legacy slag samples is analyzed through microstructural characterization. Slag samples were collected from the former Ravenscraig steelmaking site in Lanarkshire, Scotland. The collected samples were studied using X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) to understand the distribution and geometry of pore space, as well as with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to visualize the distribution of elements within the studied samples. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to study the minerals distribution. The samples were also characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and the amount of captured CO2 was quantified using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Our results demonstrate that CO2 uptake occurs to the extent of ∼9-30 g CO2/ kg slag. The studied samples are porous in nature, with pore space occupying up to ∼30% of their volumes, and they are dominated by åkermanite-gehlenite minerals which interact with the atmospheric CO2 slowly at ambient conditions. EDS and EBSD results illustrate that the precipitated carbonate in slag is calcite, and that the precipitation of calcite is accompanied by the formation of a Si-O-rich layer. The provided analysis concludes that the porous microstructure as well as the minerals distribution in slag should be considered in forecasting and designing large-scale solutions for passive CO2 mineralization in slag.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal W K Khudhur
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - John M MacDonald
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Luke Daly
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Alice Macente
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK; School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Liene Spruženiece
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; Geoanalytical Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy (GEMS) Laboratory, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sammy Griffin
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Claire Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Comprehensive utilization of steel slag: A review. POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
|
4
|
Sorrentino GP, Zanoletti A, Ducoli S, Zacco A, Iora P, Invernizzi CM, Di Marcoberardino G, Depero LE, Bontempi E. Accelerated and natural carbonation of a municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash mixture: Basic strategies for higher carbon dioxide sequestration and reliable mass quantification. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114805. [PMID: 36375507 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The carbonation of alkaline wastes is an interesting research field that may offer opportunities for CO2 reduction. However, the literature is mainly devoted to studying different waste sequestration capabilities, with lame attention to the reliability of the data about CO2 reduction, or to the possibilities to increase the amount of absorbed CO2. In this work, for the first time, the limitation of some methods used in literature to quantify the amount of sequestered CO2 is presented, and the advantages of using suitable XRD strategies to evaluate the crystalline calcium carbonate phases are demonstrated. In addition, a zero-waste approach, aiming to stabilize the waste by coupling the use of by-products and the possibility to obtain CO2 sequestration, was considered. In particular, for the first time, the paper investigates the differences in natural and accelerated carbonation (NC and AC) mechanisms, occurring when municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is stabilized by using the bottom ash with the same origin, and other by-products. The stabilization mechanism was attributed to pozzolanic reactions with the formation of calcium silicate hydrates or calcium aluminate hydrate phases that can react with CO2 to produce calcium carbonate phases. The work shows that during the AC, crystalline calcium carbonate was quickly formed by the reaction of Ca(OH)2 and CaClOH with CO2. On the contrary, in NC, carbonation occurred due to reactions also with the amorphous Ca. The sequestration capability of this technology, involving the mixing of waste and by-products, is up to 165 gCO2/Kg MSWI FA, which is higher than the literature data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero P Sorrentino
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, Brescia, 25123, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), R.U. Brescia, Florence, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Zanoletti
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, Brescia, 25123, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), R.U. Brescia, Florence, Italy.
| | - Serena Ducoli
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, Brescia, 25123, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), R.U. Brescia, Florence, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Zacco
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, Brescia, 25123, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), R.U. Brescia, Florence, Italy.
| | - Paolo Iora
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, Brescia, 25123, Italy.
| | - Costante Mario Invernizzi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, Brescia, 25123, Italy.
| | - Gioele Di Marcoberardino
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, Brescia, 25123, Italy.
| | - Laura E Depero
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, Brescia, 25123, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), R.U. Brescia, Florence, Italy.
| | - Elza Bontempi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, Brescia, 25123, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), R.U. Brescia, Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A review on CO2 capture and sequestration in the construction industry: Emerging approaches and commercialised technologies. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
6
|
Li N, Mo L, Unluer C. Emerging CO2 utilization technologies for construction materials: A review. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
7
|
Kim HM, Choi TY, Park MJ, Jeong DW. Heavy metal removal using an advanced removal method to obtain recyclable paper incineration ash. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12800. [PMID: 35896703 PMCID: PMC9329337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Various agents, including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, and HCl, were applied to remove heavy metals from raw paper incineration ash and render the ash recyclable. Among these prepared agent solutions, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid showed the highest efficiency for Pb removal, while oxalic acid showed the highest efficiencies for Cu, Cd, and As removal. Additionally, three modes of an advanced removal method, which involved the use of both ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and oxalic acid, were considered for use at the end of the rendering process. Among these three modes of the advanced removal method, that which involved the simultaneous use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and oxalic acid, i.e., a mixture of both solutions, showed the best heavy metal removal efficiencies. In detail, 11.9% of Cd, 10% of Hg, 28.42% of As, 31.29% of Cu, and 49.19% of Pb were removed when this method was used. Furthermore, the application of these three modes of the advanced removal method resulted in a decrease in the amounts of heavy metals eluted and brought about an increase in the CaO content of the treated incineration ash, while decreasing its Cl content. These combined results enhanced the solidification effect of the treated incineration ash. Thus, it was confirmed that the advanced removal method is a promising strategy by which recyclable paper incineration ash can be obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Min Kim
- Industrial Technology Research Center, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yeol Choi
- Department of Smart Environmental Energy Engineering, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Park
- Department of Smart Environmental Energy Engineering, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Woon Jeong
- Department of Smart Environmental Energy Engineering, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51140, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51140, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bouzar B, Mamindy-Pajany Y. Manufacture and characterization of carbonated lightweight aggregates from waste paper fly ash. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
9
|
Khudhur FWK, MacDonald JM, Macente A, Daly L. The utilization of alkaline wastes in passive carbon capture and sequestration: Promises, challenges and environmental aspects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153553. [PMID: 35104509 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline wastes have been the focus of many studies as they act as CO2 sinks and have the potential to offset emissions from mining and steelmaking industries. Passive carbonation of alkaline wastes mimics natural silicate weathering and provides a promising alternative pathway for CO2 capture and storage as carbonates, requiring marginal human intervention when compared to ex-situ carbonation. This review summarizes the extant research that has investigated the passive carbonation of alkaline wastes, namely ironmaking and steelmaking slag, mine tailings and demolition wastes, over the past two decades. Here we report different factors that affect passive carbonation to address challenges that this process faces and to identify possible solutions. We identify avenues for future research such as investigating how passive carbonation affects the surrounding environment through interaction with the biosphere and the hydrosphere. Future research should also consider economic analyses to provide investors with an in-depth understanding of passive carbonation techniques. Based on the reviewed materials, we conclude that passive carbonation can be an important contributor to climate change mitigation strategies, and its potential can be intensified by applying simple waste management practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal W K Khudhur
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - John M MacDonald
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Alice Macente
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK
| | - Luke Daly
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Abstract
In this study, fly ash (FA) compacts were prepared by accelerated carbonation as a potential sustainable building material application with the locally available ashes (oil shale ash (OSA), wood ash (WA) and land filled oil shale ash (LFA)) of Estonia. The carbonation behaviour of FAs and the performance of 100% FA based compacts were evaluated based on the obtained values of CO2 uptake and compressive strength. The influence of different variables (compaction pressure, curing temperature, CO2 concentration, and pressure) on the CO2 uptake and strength development of FA compacts were investigated and the reaction kinetics of the carbonation process were tested by different reaction-order models. A reasonable relation was noted between the CO2 uptake and compressive strength of the compacts. The porous surface structure of the hydrated OSA and WA compacts was changed after carbonation due to the calcite formations (being the primary carbonation product), especially on portlandite crystals. The increase of temperature, gas pressure, and CO2 concentration improved the CO2 uptake levels of compacts. However, the positive effect of increasing compaction pressure was more apparent on the final strength of the compacts. The obtained compressive strength and CO2 uptake values of FA compacts were between 10 and 36 MPa and 11 and 13 wt%, respectively, under various operation conditions. Moreover, compacts with mixed design (OSA/LFA and WA/LFA) resulted in low-strength and density compared to the single behaviour of OSA and WA compacts, yet a higher CO2 uptake was achieved (approximately 15% mass) with mixed design. The conformity of Jander equation (3D-diffusion-limited reaction model) was higher compared to other tested reaction order models for the representation of the carbonation reaction mechanism of OSA and WA. The activation energy for OSA compact was calculated as 3.55 kJ/mol and for WA as 17.06 kJ/mol.
Collapse
|
12
|
Research into Carbon Dioxide Curing’s Effects on the Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete with Assembly Unit of Sulphoaluminate Cement and Ordinary Portland Cement. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Excessive emissions of carbon dioxide can lead to greenhouse effect thus destroying the ecological balance. Therefore, effective measures need to be taken to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide. In this study, the influence of carbon dioxide curing on the mechanical strength and NaCl freeze-thaw deterioration of reactive powder concrete (RPC) with the assembly unit of sulphoaluminate cement and ordinary Portland cement was investigated. The ratio of sulphoaluminate cement ranged from 0% to 100% by the total mass of cement with the curing age ranging from 1 d to 28 d. The mechanical strength of RPC with 50% ordinary Portland cement and 50% sulphoaluminate cement containing the polypropylene fibers ranging from 1% to 4% by volume of RPC were investigated. Moreover, the following mass and mechanical strength loss rates, the carbonation depth, the chloride ion migration coefficient and the relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDEM) during NaCl freeze-thaw cycles were determined. Finally, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction were applied in investigating the carbonation process of RPC. Results showed that the addition of sulphoaluminate cement could improve the mechanical strength of RPC at low curing age (lower than 7 d). However, when the cuing age reached 7 d, the sulphoaluminate cement demonstrated negative effect on the mechanical strength. Moreover, the carbon dioxide curing led to increases in the mechanical strength and when ordinary Portland cement was added the enhancing effect was more obvious. Furthermore, the carbon dioxide curing could effectively improve the resistance of NaCl freeze-thaw cycles and increase the carbonation depth. Finally, the increasing dosages of polypropylene fibers were advantageous to the mechanical strength and the resistance of NaCl freeze-thaw cycles. From the researching results of the microscopic performance, the carbon dioxide curing could improve the compactness of hydration products and reduce the content of calcium hydroxide especially at the curing age of 3 days.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zheng P, Zhou G, Li W, Zhao C, Huang P, Hua J, Sun J, Guo Y. Characteristics of carbide slag slurry flow in a bubble column carbonation reactor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2021-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The direct aqueous mineral carbonation of carbide slag was investigated. The flow characteristics of carbide slag-CO2-water reaction system in a bubble column were studied, which included the bubble Sauter mean diameter, gas holdup, bubble residence time, and the gas-liquid interfacial area. Bubble flow behaviors in the reactor were characterized by analyzing the bed pressure signals. The effects of the gas velocity (U
g
) and liquid to solid ratio (L/S ratio) were discussed and analyzed. The results showed that the larger bubbles were easy to form at the larger L/S ratio, which indicated that the bubble coalescence was promoted. The gas holdup was larger when increasing U
g
or reducing the L/S ratio. The better gas-liquid interfacial areas were found in a wide range of L/S ratio at U
g
= 0.082 m/s. The optimum conditions were found at U
g
= 0.082 m/s and L/S ratio = 15–30 mL/g for the better gas-liquid interfacial area and the higher carbide slag conversion. The work provided the theoretical basis for the direct aqueous carbonation of the carbide slag and the operation condition optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control , School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing , China
| | - Genfu Zhou
- Water Conservancy and Flood Control Material Reserve Center of Jiangsu Province , Nanjing , China
- Water Resources Department of Jiangsu Province , Nanjing , China
| | - Weiling Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control , School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing , China
| | - Chuanwen Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control , School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing , China
| | - Pu Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control , School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing , China
| | - Junye Hua
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control , School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jian Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control , School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yafei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control , School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing , China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen Z, Cang Z, Yang F, Zhang J, Zhang L. Carbonation of steelmaking slag presents an opportunity for carbon neutral: A review. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
15
|
Du Y, Fu C, Gong B, Miao E, Zheng X, Xiong Z, Zhao Y, Zhang J. Real-time investigation of the CO2 mineral carbonation reaction rate through direct aqueous route using semi-dry desulfurization slag. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
16
|
Verma M, Bhaduri GA, Phani Kumar VS, Deshpande PA. Biomimetic Catalysis of CO 2 Hydration: A Materials Perspective. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c06203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manju Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India
| | - Gaurav A. Bhaduri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181221, India
| | - V. Sai Phani Kumar
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Parag A. Deshpande
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Popov N, Rončević S, Duduković N, Krčmar D, Mihaljev Ž, Živkov Baloš M, Đorđievski S. Ex situ remediation of sediment from Serbia using a combination of electrokinetic and stabilization/solidification with accelerated carbonation treatments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:14969-14982. [PMID: 33222071 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of three simple and cost-effective technologies for ex situ remediation of the sediment of Begej River in Serbia is presented in this paper. In the first step, conventional electrokinetic treatment (EK) was carried out to reduce the amount of contaminated sediment and enhance the accumulation of metals. Subsequently, stabilization/solidification (S/S) treatment was applied to the remaining portion of polluted sediment to immobilize the accumulated metals. At the same time, the influence of accelerated carbonation on the effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated. The immobilizing agents used in this study included bio ash produced by combustion of wheat and soy straw mixture and bio ash derived from molasses incineration. After the treatments, the risk assessment was performed by using the sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and TCLP and DIN 3841-4 S4 leaching tests. The results obtained after the EK treatment revealed a reduction in the amount of polluted sediment to a half. Leaching tests and SEP performed on S/S mixtures after a 28-day maturation period indicated that accelerated carbonation decreased the mobility of critical metals, especially in wheat and soy straw mixtures. Moreover, based on the leaching tests, all prepared mixtures were categorized as non-hazardous and safe for disposal according to the relevant Serbian regulations. The newly developed method that combines EK and S/S treatments with the addition of accelerated carbonation produced reduced volumes of stabilized sediment which is safe for disposal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Popov
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Srđan Rončević
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Nataša Duduković
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
| | - Dejan Krčmar
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Željko Mihaljev
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Milica Živkov Baloš
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Stefan Đorđievski
- Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, Zeleni Bulevar 35, Bor, 19210, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yadav S, Mehra A. A review on ex situ mineral carbonation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:12202-12231. [PMID: 33405167 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increased CO2 quantities in the environment have led to many harmful effects. Therefore, it is very important to decrease the CO2 levels in the environment. CO2 capture along with safe and permanent storage using mineral CO2 sequestration method can play an important role to reduce carbon emissions into the environment. Mineral sequestration is a stable storage method that provides long-term storage and an appropriate substitute for the more popular geological storage method. The process is most suited for places where there is a lack of underground cavities for underground geological storage. Minerals rich in Ca and Mg are used predominantly in carbonation reactions. In addition, those alkaline wastes that are rich in Mg and Ca such as cement waste, steel slag and many process ashes can also be employed in CO2 sequestration. Mineral carbonation could be used for the sequestration of billions of tonnes of CO2 every year. However, various drawbacks related to mineral carbonation still need to be addressed, such as resolving the slow rate of reactions, necessity of large amounts of feedstock, decreasing the high overall cost of CO2 sequestration and reducing the huge energy requirements to accelerate the carbonation reaction. This study explores a number of carbonation methods, parameters that control the process and future potential applications of carbonated products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashikant Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar (Punjab) India, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
| | - Anurag Mehra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Łączny MJ, Iwaszenko S, Smoliński A. Process Kinetics of the Carbonation of Fly Ashes: A Research Study. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020253. [PMID: 33419195 PMCID: PMC7825506 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to present the results of research on the carbonation process kinetics of coal combustion ashes originating from fluidized bed boilers used in power plants. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the hypothesis that carbon dioxide is bounded by the mineral substances (calcium compounds) in the fly ashes was confirmed. Determining the kinetic parameters of the carbonation of fly ashes requires simultaneously taking into consideration the kinetics of the drying process of the sample. The drying process of the sample masks the effect of the reaction of CO2 with calcium compound. Unlike the ashes generated in pulverized fuel boilers, fly ashes contain irregular amorphic mineral components or poorly crystalized products of complete or partial dehydroxylation of claystone substance present in shale formations constituting the gangue as well as anhydrite (CaSO4), a desulfurization product. The content of free calcium oxide (CaO) in such ashes ranges from a few to several percent, which is a significant obstacle considering their use in cement and concrete production as type II admixtures understood to be inorganic grained materials of pozzolanic or latent hydraulic properties. The paper presents effective mechanisms which reduce the content of free CaO in ashes from Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) boilers to a level that allows their commercial utilization in the cement industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Jacek Łączny
- Department of Solid Fuels Quality Assessment, Central Mining Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Iwaszenko
- Department of Acoustics, Electronics and IT Solutions, Central Mining Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-259-2173
| | - Adam Smoliński
- Central Mining Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ragipani R, Bhattacharya S, Suresh AK. A review on steel slag valorisation via mineral carbonation. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00035g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline slags, a waste product of steel industry, provide an opportunity for carbon sequestration and creation of value at the same time. This requires an understanding of the mechanisms of leaching and carbonation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Ragipani
- IITB-Monash Research Academy
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai
- India
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | | | - Akkihebbal K. Suresh
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai
- India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee YH, Yang H, Lee SM, Kim SS. Surface Properties of Cement Kiln Dust with Water Treatment for Selective Extraction of Calcium and Potassium. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24351-24355. [PMID: 33015451 PMCID: PMC7528194 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water and hydrochloric acid were employed as solvents to extract K and Ca from K- and Ca- rich cement kiln dust (CKD). It has been shown that hydrochloric acid effectively extracts Ca and K from CKD with efficiencies of more than 85 and 99%, respectively. On the other hand, water, as a solvent, selectively extracts K and Cl with an efficiency of 99%. The selectivity of Ca extracted using hydrochloric acid from treated CKD increased from 37 to 87%. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that K and Cl were dominant on the surface of fresh CKD. After extraction with water, the portion of Ca increased more than twice, and Ca species became dominant. Thus, extraction of CKD with water is capable of selectively removing KCl, leaving Ca on the surface; hence, treated Ca-rich CKD can serve as a suitable raw material for mineral carbonation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Hwan Lee
- Department
of Environmental Energy Engineering, Graduate
School of Kyonggi University, 94-6 San, Iui-dong, Youngtong-ku, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 442-760, Korea
| | - Heejae Yang
- Department
of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi
University, 94-6 San, Iui-dong, Youngtong-ku, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 442-760, Korea
| | - Sang Moon Lee
- Department
of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi
University, 94-6 San, Iui-dong, Youngtong-ku, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 442-760, Korea
| | - Sung Su Kim
- Department
of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi
University, 94-6 San, Iui-dong, Youngtong-ku, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 442-760, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hybrid Fuel Cell—Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle for CO2 Sequestration-Ready Combined Heat and Power. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13195043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The low prices and its relatively low carbon intensity of natural gas have encouraged the coal replacement with natural gas power generation. Such a replacement reduces greenhouse gases and other emissions. To address the significant energy penalty of carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration in gas turbine systems, a novel high efficiency concept is proposed and analyzed, which integrates a flame-assisted fuel cell (FFC) with a supercritical CO2 (sCO2) Brayton cycle air separation. The air separation enables the exhaust from the system to be CO2 sequestration-ready. The FFC provides the heat required for the sCO2 cycle. Heat rejected from the sCO2 cycle provides the heat required for adsorption-desorption pumping to isolate oxygen via air separation. The maximum electrical efficiency of the FFC sCO2 turbine hybrid (FFCTH) without being CO2 sequestration-ready is 60%, with the maximum penalty being 0.68% at a fuel-rich equivalence ratio (Φ) of 2.8, where Φ is proportional to fuel-air ratio. This electrical efficiency is higher than the standard sCO2 cycle by 6.85%. The maximum power-to-heat ratio of the sequestration-ready FFCTH is 233 at a Φ = 2.8. Even after including the air separation penalty, the electrical efficiency is higher than in previous studies.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abdelatif Y, Gaber AAM, Fouda AEAS, Alsoukarry T. Evaluation of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles from Industrial Waste on the Performance of Hardened Cement Pastes: Physicochemical Study. Processes (Basel) 2020; 8:401. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Large amounts of carbonated mud waste (CMW) require disposal during sugar manufacturing after the carbonation process. The lightweight of CMW enables its utilization as a partial replacement for the cement to reduce costs and CO2 emissions. Here, various levels of CMW, namely, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt.% were applied to produce composite cement samples with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as a regular mix design series. Pure calcium oxide (CaO) nanoparticles were obtained after the calcination of CMW. The techniques of X-ray fluorescence spectrometers (XRF), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Selected area diffraction (SAED), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dixpersive X-ray (EDX), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to characterize the obtained CaO nanoparticles. According to the compressive strength and bulk density results, 15 wt.% CMW was optimal for the mix design. The specific surface area increased from 27.8 to 134.8 m2/g when the CMW was calcined to 600 °C. The compressive strength of the sample containing 15% CMW was lower than the values of the other pastes containing 5% and 10% CMW at all of the curing times. The porosity factor of the hardened cement pastes released with a curing time of up to 28 days. Excessive CMW of up to 25 wt.% reduced the properties of OPC.
Collapse
|
24
|
Berber H, Tamm K, Leinus ML, Kuusik R, Tõnsuaadu K, Paaver P, Uibu M. Accelerated carbonation technology granulation of industrial waste: Effects of mixture composition on product properties. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2020; 38:142-155. [PMID: 31755825 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x19886646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of accelerated carbonation technology in combination with a granulation process was employed to produce aggregates from a variety of industrial wastes, which included municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and air pollution control residue, oil shale ash, cement kiln dust, and quarry fines that have been produced in Estonia. Focusing mainly on the effects produced by the content of municipal solid waste incineration ash in the admixtures, the granule compositions were varied in order to tailor granule properties on the basis of CO2 uptake, strength development, leaching behaviour, microstructure, and morphology. All the steps involved in the accelerated carbonation technology granulation process, from mixing with additives to granulation and carbonation treatment, were carried out in the same apparatus - an Eirich EL1 intensive mixer/granulator. The amount of CO2 that was bound ranged from 23 to 108 kg per tonne of waste. The granules that included the optimised mixture of municipal solid waste incineration air pollution control residue, oil shale ash, cement kiln dust, and ordinary Portland cement were characterised by the highest compressive strength (4.03 MPa) and water durability for the size range of 4-10 mm. In addition, the process was found to be effective in reducing alkalinity (pH < 11.5) and immobilising heavy metals (especially zinc) and chloride. The composition and properties of the respective waste materials and mechanisms associated with the characteristics of the resulting granules were also addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Berber
- School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kadriann Tamm
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mari-Liis Leinus
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Rein Kuusik
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kaia Tõnsuaadu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Mai Uibu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Offsetting anthropogenic carbon emissions from biomass waste and mineralised carbon dioxide. Sci Rep 2020; 10:958. [PMID: 31969647 PMCID: PMC6976572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work investigates biomass wastes and their ashes for re-use in combination with mineralised CO2 in cement-bound construction products. A range of biomass residues (e.g., wood-derived, nut shells, fibres, and fruit peels) sourced in India, Africa and the UK were ashed and exposed to CO2 gas. These CO2-reactive ashes could mineralise CO2 gas and be used to cement ‘raw’ biomass in solid carbonated monolithic composites. The CO2 sequestered in ashes (125–414 g CO2/kg) and that emitted after incineration (400–500 g CO2/kg) was within the same range (w/w). The CO2-reactive ashes embodied significant amounts of CO2 (147–424 g equivalent CO2/kg ash). Selected ashes were combined with raw biomass and Portland Cement, CEM 1 and exposed to CO2. The use of CEM 1 in the carbonated products was offset by the CO2 mineralised (i.e. samples were ‘carbon negative’, even when 10% w/w CEM 1 was used); furthermore, biomass ashes were a suitable substitute for CEM 1 up to 50% w/w. The approach is conceptually simple, scalable, and can be applicable to a wide range of biomass ashes in a closed ‘emission-capture’ process ‘loop’. An extrapolation of potential for CO2 offset in Europe provides an estimate of CO2 sequestration potential to 2030.
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen TL, Jiang W, Shen AL, Chen YH, Pan SY, Chiang PC. CO2 Mineralization and Utilization Using Various Calcium-Containing Wastewater and Refining Slag via a High-Gravity Carbonation Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Lun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10673, Taiwan
- Carbon Cycle Research Center, National Taiwan University, No. 71, Fang-Lan Road, Taipei City 10674, Taiwan
| | - Wen Jiang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10673, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Lin Shen
- China Steel Corporation, Kaohsiung, 1 Chung Kang Road, Hsiao Kang, Kaohsiung, 81233, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Zhongxiao E. Road, Taipei City, Taiwan 10608, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yuan Pan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Chi Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10673, Taiwan
- Carbon Cycle Research Center, National Taiwan University, No. 71, Fang-Lan Road, Taipei City 10674, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
The effects of carbonation and hydration on the mineralogy and microstructure of basic oxygen furnace slag products. J CO2 UTIL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
28
|
Proposed Methodology to Evaluate CO2 Capture Using Construction and Demolition Waste. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since the Industrial Revolution, levels of CO2 in the atmosphere have been constantly growing, producing an increase in the average global temperature. One of the options for Carbon Capture and Storage is mineral carbonation. The results of this process of fixing are the safest in the long term, but the main obstacle for mineral carbonation is the ability to do it economically in terms of both money and energy cost. The present study outlines a methodological sequence to evaluate the possibility for the carbonation of ceramic construction waste (brick, concrete, tiles) under surface conditions for a short period of time. The proposed methodology includes a pre-selection of samples using the characterization of chemical and mineralogical conditions and in situ carbonation. The second part of the methodology is the carbonation tests in samples selected at 10 and 1 bar of pressure. The relative humidity during the reaction was 20 wt %, and the reaction time ranged from 24 h to 30 days. To show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, Ca-rich bricks were used, which are rich in silicates of calcium or magnesium. The results of this study showed that calcite formation is associated with the partial destruction of Ca silicates, and that carbonation was proportional to reaction time. The calculated capture efficiency was proportional to the reaction time, whereas carbonation did not seem to significantly depend on particle size in the studied conditions. The studies obtained at a low pressure for the total sample were very similar to those obtained for finer fractions at 10 bars. Presented results highlight the utility of the proposed methodology.
Collapse
|
29
|
Pullin H, Bray AW, Burke IT, Muir DD, Sapsford DJ, Mayes WM, Renforth P. Atmospheric Carbon Capture Performance of Legacy Iron and Steel Waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9502-9511. [PMID: 31317734 PMCID: PMC6706800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Legacy iron (Fe) and steel wastes have been identified as a significant source of silicate minerals, which can undergo carbonation reactions and thus sequester carbon dioxide (CO2). In reactor experiments, i.e., at elevated temperatures, pressures, or CO2 concentrations, these wastes have high silicate to carbonate conversion rates. However, what is less understood is whether a more "passive" approach to carbonation can work, i.e., whether a traditional slag emplacement method (heaped and then buried) promotes or hinders CO2 sequestration. In this paper, the results of characterization of material retrieved from a first of its kind drilling program on a historical blast furnace slag heap at Consett, U.K., are reported. The mineralogy of the slag material was near uniform, consisting mainly of melilite group minerals with only minor amounts of carbonate minerals detected. Further analysis established that total carbon levels were on average only 0.4% while average calcium (Ca) levels exceeded 30%. It was calculated that only ∼3% of the CO2 sequestration potential of the >30 Mt slag heap has been utilized. It is suggested that limited water and gas interaction and the mineralogy and particle size of the slag are the main factors that have hindered carbonation reactions in the slag heap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huw Pullin
- School
of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W. Bray
- School
of Earth and Environment, University of
Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Ian T. Burke
- School
of Earth and Environment, University of
Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan D. Muir
- School
of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Devin J. Sapsford
- School
of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - William M. Mayes
- Department
of Geography, Geology and Environment, University
of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Phil Renforth
- School
of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Determination of the Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Potential of a Nickel Mine Mixed Dump through Leaching Tests. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12152877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide sequestration via mineralization is one of the methods that has the capability to efficiently store carbon dioxide in a stable form. A mixed dump sample collected from a nickel laterite mine in Southern Philippines was tested for its carbon dioxide sequestration potential through HCl leaching tests, employing the Face-Centered Cube (FCC) experimental design for Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Mineralogical analysis performed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis suggests the presence of three minerals, namely goethite, khademite and lizardite; additional X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) results, however, established goethite as the main component due to the dominance of iron in the sample. Morphological analyses performed through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method suggest high accessible surface area despite considerable variability in sample composition. Leaching tests further confirmed the high reactivity of the mixed dump as high extraction rates were obtained for iron, with the maximum iron extraction efficiency of 95.37% reported at 100 °C, 2.5 M, and 2.5 h. The carbon dioxide sequestration potential of the mixed dump was reported as the amount of CO2 that can be sequestered per amount of sample, which was calculated to be 327.2 mg CO2/g sample using the maximum iron extraction obtained experimentally.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ho HJ, Iizuka A, Shibata E. Carbon Capture and Utilization Technology without Carbon Dioxide Purification and Pressurization: A Review on Its Necessity and Available Technologies. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Jung Ho
- Department of Environmental Studies for Advanced Society, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aoba-468-1 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iizuka
- Center for Mineral Processing and Metallurgy, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Etsuro Shibata
- Center for Mineral Processing and Metallurgy, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Qin L, Gao X. Recycling of waste autoclaved aerated concrete powder in Portland cement by accelerated carbonation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 89:254-264. [PMID: 31079738 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To recycle waste autoclaved aerated concrete (WAAC) and minimize environmental pollution induced by Portland cement (PC), carbonation curing was performed on cement pastes containing variable replacement levels (0-50%) of waste autoclaved aerated concrete powder. Compressive strength and chloride ion permeability of PC-WAAC specimens were measured and related mechanisms were demonstrated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), 29Si solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and back scattered electron images (BSE) measurements. Results showed that the PC-WAAC specimens presents a higher compressive strength increase than the pure PC specimen after carbonation curing and the optimal dosage of WAAC is 20%. This effect compensates the decreasing strength induced by the incorporation of WAAC. Chloride ion penetration resistance of cement pastes were also improved by carbonation curing due to the refinement of pore structure. Up to 20% of WAAC can be successfully recycled to replace PC without compromising strength and chloride ion permeability. Moreover, around 11.23-19.02% of CO2 by the total binder weight can be captured. Therefore, this technology has a great environmental potential to both recycling of construction waste and capture of greenhouse gas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qin
- School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
7 billion tonnes of alkaline materials are produced globally each year as a product or by-product of industrial activity. The aqueous dissolution of these materials creates high pH solutions that dissolves CO2 to store carbon in the form of solid carbonate minerals or dissolved bicarbonate ions. Here we show that these materials have a carbon dioxide storage potential of 2.9–8.5 billion tonnes per year by 2100, and may contribute a substantial proportion of the negative emissions required to limit global temperature change to <2 °C. The potential of biomass energy carbon capture and storage is unclear. Here the authors estimated the negative emissions potential from highly alkaline materials, by-products and wastes and showed that these materials have a CO2 storage potential of 2.5–7.5 billion tonnes per year by 2100.
Collapse
|
34
|
Sas Z, Vandevenne N, Doherty R, Vinai R, Kwasny J, Russell M, Sha W, Soutsos M, Schroeyers W. Radiological evaluation of industrial residues for construction purposes correlated with their chemical properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:141-151. [PMID: 30577013 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study characterises the naturally occurring radionuclide (NOR) contents of a suite of secondary raw materials or industrial residues that are normally disposed of in landfills or lagoons but now are increasingly used in green concretes. This includes ashes from a variety of industrial processes and red mud from aluminium production, as well as air pollution control residue and cement kiln dust. The chemical composition of the samples was determined with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 activity concentrations were obtained by gamma spectrometry, and the results were compared with recently published NOR databases. The correlation between the NOR contents and the main chemical composition was investigated. The radioactive equilibrium in the U-238 chain was studied based on the determination of progeny isotopes. The most commonly used calculation methods (activity concentration index and radium equivalent concentration) were applied to classify the samples. The radon exhalation rate of the samples was measured, and the radon emanation coefficient was calculated. Significant correlation was found between the NORs and certain chemical components. The massic exhalation demonstrated a broad range, and it was found that the emanation coefficients were significantly lower in the case of the residues generated as a result of high-temperature combustion processes. The results showed a weak correlation between the Ra-226 concentration and the radon exhalation. This emphasises that managing the Ra-226 content of recycled material by itself is not sufficient to control the radon exhalation of recycled materials used in building products. The investigated parameters and their correlation behaviour could be used to source apportion materials found during the process of landfill mining and recovery of material for recycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Sas
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Bldg., 39-123 Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom; Hasselt University, CMK, Nuclear Technological Centre (NuTeC), Faculty of Engineering Technology, Agoralaan, Gebouw H, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Niels Vandevenne
- Hasselt University, CMK, Nuclear Technological Centre (NuTeC), Faculty of Engineering Technology, Agoralaan, Gebouw H, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Rory Doherty
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Bldg., 39-123 Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Raffaele Vinai
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Harrison Bldg., University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek Kwasny
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Bldg., 39-123 Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Russell
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Bldg., 39-123 Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Sha
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Bldg., 39-123 Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom.
| | - Marios Soutsos
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Bldg., 39-123 Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Wouter Schroeyers
- Hasselt University, CMK, Nuclear Technological Centre (NuTeC), Faculty of Engineering Technology, Agoralaan, Gebouw H, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is taking the lead as a means for mitigating climate change. It is considered a crucial bridging technology, enabling carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuels to be reduced while the energy transition to renewable sources is taking place. CCS includes a portfolio of technologies that can possibly capture vast amounts of CO2 per year. Mineral carbonation is evolving as a possible candidate to sequester CO2 from medium-sized emissions point sources. It is the only recognized form of permanent CO2 storage with no concerns regarding CO2 leakage. It is based on the principles of natural rock weathering, where the CO2 dissolved in rainwater reacts with alkaline rocks to form carbonate minerals. The active alkaline elements (Ca/Mg) are the fundamental reactants for mineral carbonation reaction. Although the reaction is thermodynamically favored, it takes place over a large time scale. The challenge of mineral carbonation is to offset this limitation by accelerating the carbonation reaction with minimal energy and feedstock consumption. Calcium and magnesium silicates are generally selected for carbonation due to their abundance in nature. Industrial waste residues emerge as an alternative source of carbonation minerals that have higher reactivity than natural minerals; they are also inexpensive and readily available in proximity to CO2 emitters. In addition, the environmental stability of the industrial waste is often enhanced as they undergo carbonation. Recently, direct mineral carbonation has been investigated significantly due to its applicability to CO2 capture and storage. This review outlines the main research work carried out over the last few years on direct mineral carbonation process utilizing steel-making waste, with emphasis on recent research achievements and potentials for future research.
Collapse
|
36
|
Lin WY, Ng WC, Wong BSE, Teo SLM, Sivananthan GD, Baeg GH, Ok YS, Wang CH. Evaluation of sewage sludge incineration ash as a potential land reclamation material. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 357:63-72. [PMID: 29864689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential of utilising sewage sludge incineration ash as a land reclamation material. Toxicity assessment of the leachate of the ash was carried out for both terrestrial and marine organisms. Both the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite showed that both bottom and fly ash leached at liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio 5 did not substantially affect viabilities. The leachate carried out at L/S 10 was compared to the European Waste Acceptance Criteria and the sewage sludge ashes could be classified as non-hazardous waste. The geotechnical properties of the sewage sludge ash were studied and compared to sand, a conventional land reclamation material, for further evaluation of its potential as a land reclamation material. It was found from direct shear test that both bottom and fly ashes displayed similar and comparable shear strength to that of typical compacted sandy soil based on the range of internal friction angle obtained. However, the consolidation profile of bottom ash was significantly different from sand, while that of fly ash was more similar to sand. Our study showed that the sewage sludge ash has the potential to be used as a land reclamation material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Yvonne Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Wei Cheng Ng
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, 138602, Singapore
| | - Belinda Shu Ee Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, 117594, Singapore
| | - Serena Lay-Ming Teo
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, 119227, Singapore
| | - Gayathiri D/O Sivananthan
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, 119227, Singapore
| | - Gyeong Hun Baeg
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, 117594, Singapore
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hwa Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117585, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Höllen D, Berneder I, Capo Tous F, Stöllner M, Philipp Sedlazeck K, Schwarz T, Aldrian A, Lehner M. Stepwise treatment of ashes and slags by dissolution, precipitation of iron phases and carbonate precipitation for production of raw materials for industrial applications. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 78:750-762. [PMID: 32559967 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of a specific mineral carbonation reaction route applied to different types of alkaline industrial residues, i.e. biomass, paper sludge and municipal solid waste incineration bottom ashes and stainless steel slags and dust. This new approach includes the dissolution of industrial residues in hydrochloric acid (HCl), followed by precipitation of iron compounds from the resulting aqueous solutions and the precipitation of calcium carbonates to employ in industrial applications (Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage, CCUS). The aim of this work is to apply this stepwise treatment to different types of poorly valorised industrial residues to assess which may be the most promising ones to employ for the process, in terms of total content of specific elements in the obtained products. Our results clearly indicate that the investigated ashes and slags consist of 20-30 wt% CaO which is bound in a broad variety of mineral phases. Reaction of slags and ashes with HCl leads to the formation of Si-rich solid residues and Ca-rich aqueous solutions. Dissolution residues from ash treatment might be used as lightweight concrete aggregate in case of appropriate mechanical properties, whereas dissolution residues from slag treatment might serve as metallurgical Cr concentrates. Resulting aqueous solutions show high concentrations of Ca (>10 g/L), up to 27 g/L of Fe and significant amounts of heavy metals like Pb, Ba, Zn, Cu, Ni. The concentration of dissolved Fe decreases to 2 mg/L by adding NH3 which leads to the precipitation of amorphous iron phases. Finally, calcium carbonates with a purity of 79-97% are precipitated by injecting CO2 at pH 9. These carbonates present lower heavy metal contents than the input materials (e.g. 0.3 wt% ZnO compared to 0.9 wt% for EAF-FD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Höllen
- Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
| | - Iris Berneder
- Chair of Process Technology and Industrial Environmental Protection, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Francesca Capo Tous
- Chair of Process Technology and Industrial Environmental Protection, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Markus Stöllner
- Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Klaus Philipp Sedlazeck
- Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Therese Schwarz
- Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Alexia Aldrian
- Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Markus Lehner
- Chair of Process Technology and Industrial Environmental Protection, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mayes WM, Riley AL, Gomes HI, Brabham P, Hamlyn J, Pullin H, Renforth P. Atmospheric CO 2 Sequestration in Iron and Steel Slag: Consett, County Durham, United Kingdom. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7892-7900. [PMID: 29894185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbonate formation in waste from the steel industry could constitute a nontrivial proportion of the global requirements for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at a potentially low cost. To utilize this potential, we examined atmospheric carbon dioxide sequestration in a >20 million ton legacy slag deposit in northern England, United Kingdom. Carbonates formed from the drainage water of the heap had stable carbon and oxygen isotope values between -12 and -25 ‰ and -5 and -18 ‰ for δ13C and δ18O, respectively, suggesting atmospheric carbon dioxide sequestration in high-pH solutions. From the analyses of solution saturation states, we estimate that between 280 and 2900 tons of CO2 have precipitated from the drainage waters. However, by combining a 37 year long data set of the drainage water chemistry with geospatial analysis, we estimate that <1% of the maximum carbon-capture potential of the deposit may have been realized. This implies that uncontrolled deposition of slag is insufficient to maximize carbon sequestration, and there may be considerable quantities of unreacted legacy deposits available for atmospheric carbon sequestration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Matthew Mayes
- School of Environmental Sciences , University of Hull , Hull HU6 7RX , United Kingdom
| | - Alex L Riley
- School of Environmental Sciences , University of Hull , Hull HU6 7RX , United Kingdom
- Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2TN , United Kingdom
| | - Helena I Gomes
- School of Environmental Sciences , University of Hull , Hull HU6 7RX , United Kingdom
- Food, Water, Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , University Park, , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Peter Brabham
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences , Cardiff University , Cardiff CF10 3AT , United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Hamlyn
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences , Cardiff University , Cardiff CF10 3AT , United Kingdom
- TerraDat UK Limited , Penarth Road , Llandough, Cardiff CF11 8TQ , United Kingdom
| | - Huw Pullin
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences , Cardiff University , Cardiff CF10 3AT , United Kingdom
| | - Phil Renforth
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences , Cardiff University , Cardiff CF10 3AT , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Solvochemical carbonation of lime using ethanol: Mechanism and enhancement for direct atmospheric CO2 capture. J CO2 UTIL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
40
|
Pei SL, Pan SY, Li YM, Gao X, Chiang PC. Performance evaluation of integrated air pollution control with alkaline waste valorization via high-gravity technology. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
41
|
Santini TC, Peng YG. Microbial Fermentation of Organic Carbon Substrates Drives Rapid pH Neutralization and Element Removal in Bauxite Residue Leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12592-12601. [PMID: 29027790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Globally, mineral processing activities produce an estimated 680 GL/yr of alkaline wastewater. Neutralizing pH and removing dissolved elements are the main goals of wastewater treatment prior to discharge. Here, we present the first study to explicitly evaluate the role of microbial communities in driving pH neutralization and element removal in alkaline wastewaters by fermentation of organic carbon, using bauxite residue leachate as a model system, and evaluate the effects of organic carbon complexity and microbial inoculum addition rates on the performance of these treatment systems at laboratory scale. Rates and extents of pH neutralization were higher in bioreactors fed with simpler organic carbon substrates (glucose and banana: 6 days to reach pH ≤ 8) than those fed with more complex organic carbon substrates (eucalyptus mulch: 15 days to reach pH ≤ 8; woodchips: equilibrium pH around 9). Concentrations of dissolved Al, As, B, Mo, Na, S, and V all significantly decreased after bioremediation. Increasing soil inoculant addition rate accelerated rates and extent of pH neutralization and element removal up to 0.1 wt %; further increases had little effect. Overall, glucose added at 1.8 wt % and soil inoculum added at 0.1 wt % provided the most effective minimal combination of carbon substrate and inoculum to drive pH neutralization and element removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talitha C Santini
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia , Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yong G Peng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
An Eco-Friendly Neutralization Process by Carbon Mineralization for Ca-Rich Alkaline Wastewater Generated from Concrete Sludge. METALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/met7090371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
43
|
Yadav S, Mehra A. Dissolution of steel slags in aqueous media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:16305-16315. [PMID: 28540557 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Steel slag is a major industrial waste in steel industries, and its dissolution behavior in water needs to be characterized in the larger context of its potential use as an agent for sequestering CO2. For this purpose, a small closed system batch reactor was used to conduct the dissolution of steel slags in an aqueous medium under various dissolution conditions. In this study, two different types of steel slags were procured from steel plants in India, having diverse structural features, mineralogical compositions, and particle sizes. The experiment was performed at different temperatures for 240 h of dissolution at atmospheric pressure. The dissolution rates of major and minor slag elements were quantified through liquid-phase elemental analysis using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy at different time intervals. Advanced analytical techniques such as field emission gun-scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray, BET, and XRD were also used to analyze mineralogical and structural changes in the slag particles. High dissolution of slags was observed irrespective of the particle size distribution, which suggests high carbonation potential. Concentrations of toxic heavy metals in the leachate were far below maximum acceptable limits. Thus, the present study investigates the dissolution behavior of different mineral ions of steel slag in aqueous media in light of its potential application in CO2 sequestration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashikant Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Anurag Mehra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yadav S, Mehra A. Experimental study of dissolution of minerals and CO 2 sequestration in steel slag. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 64:348-357. [PMID: 28365273 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study strives to achieve a substantial amount of steel slag carbonation without using any harmful chemicals. For this purpose, experiments were performed in an aqueous medium, in a semi-batch reactor, to investigate the effect of varying reaction conditions during the steel slag CO2 sequestration process. Further, studying the effect of dissolution on carbonation reactions and the mineralogical changes that subsequently occur within the slag helps provide insight into the parameters that ultimately have an impact on the carbonation rate as well the magnitude of the impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashikant Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India.
| | - Anurag Mehra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zvimba JN, Siyakatshana N, Mathye M. Passive neutralization of acid mine drainage using basic oxygen furnace slag as neutralization material: experimental and modelling. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 75:1014-1024. [PMID: 28272031 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated passive neutralization of acid mine drainage using basic oxygen furnace slag as neutralization material over 90 days, with monitoring of the parameters' quality and assessment of their removal kinetics. The quality was observed to significantly improve over time with most parameters removed from the influent during the first 10 days. In this regard, removal of acidity, Fe(II), Mn, Co, Ni and Zn was characterized by fast kinetics while removal kinetics for Mg and SO42- were observed to proceed slowly. The fast removal kinetics of acidity was attributed to fast release of alkalinity from slag minerals under mildly acidic conditions of the influent water. The removal of acidity through generation of alkalinity from the passive treatment system was also observed to generally govern the removal of metallic parameters through hydroxide formation, with overall percentage removals of 88-100% achieved. The removal kinetics for SO42- was modelled using two approaches, yielding rate constant values of 1.56 and 1.53 L/(day mol) respectively, thereby confirming authenticity of SO42- removal kinetics experimental data. The study findings provide insights into better understanding of the potential use of slags and their limitations, particularly in mine closure, as part of addressing this challenge in South Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John N Zvimba
- Water Use and Waste Management, Water Research Commission, WRC, P. Bag X03, Gezina 0031, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Njabulo Siyakatshana
- Advanced Mathematical Modelling, Modelling and Digital Science, CSIR, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Matlhodi Mathye
- Source Directed Scientific Measures, Natural Resources and Environment, CSIR, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Romero-Hermida I, Santos A, Pérez-López R, García-Tenorio R, Esquivias L, Morales-Flórez V. New method for carbon dioxide mineralization based on phosphogypsum and aluminium-rich industrial wastes resulting in valuable carbonated by-products. J CO2 UTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
47
|
Production of carbonate aggregates using steel slag and carbon dioxide for carbon-negative concrete. J CO2 UTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
48
|
Du B, Zhou C, Dan Z, Zhao Z, Peng X, Liu J, Duan N. Aging of solidified/stabilized electrolytic manganese solid waste with accelerated carbonation and aging inhibition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:24195-24204. [PMID: 27646448 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of soluble Mn in electrolytic manganese solid waste (EMSW) in soil cause the severe contamination in China. Calcium oxide and magnesium oxide-dominated stabilizers are suitable for the solidification/stabilization (s/s) of EMSW. However, the long-term performance of s/s using those two types of stabilizer is problematic. The aim of this study was to develop an accelerated aging method to simulate the long-term natural carbonation of solidified/stabilized EMSW. The joint use of accelerated carbonation, leaching test, mineralogical analysis, and microstructural observation was applied to assess the long-term performance of the s/s EMSW system. On an accelerated carbonation test for solidified/stabilized EMSW, an increase in Mn leaching from 13.6 to 408 mg/kg and a 1.5-2.3 decrease in pH was achieved by using CaO-dominated stabilizers, while an increase in manganese (Mn) from 30 to 266 mg/kg and a decrease in pH of 0.17-0.68 was seen using MgO-dominated stabilizers. CaO+Na3PO4 and CaO+CaCO3 were exceptions in that the leaching value of soluble Mn was lower after carbonation. Mineralogical analysis showed that rhodochrosite in the carbonated s/s system was generated not only from the reduction of hausmannite but also from the reversible reaction between Mn(OH)2 and MnCO3. Carbonation destroyed the tight particle structure resulting in a porous and loose structure. As for s/s EMSW treated by MgO-dominated stabilizers, carbonation affected the agglomerating structure and mineralogical composition by increasing magnesium (Mg) migration, thereby forming hydromagnesite that had weak binding ability and a nested porous shape. Therefore, carbonation by itself does not cause deterioration to s/s products of the soluble Mn but does have significant effects on the microstructure and mineralogical composition. It is recommended to add Na3PO4 or CaCO3 into a single CaO stabilized EMSW system to prevent aging of the system, allow formation of Mn phosphate precipitates, and improve the absorption and oxidation of soluble Mn(II).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Technology Center for Heavy Metal Cleaner Production Engineerings, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhigang Dan
- Technology Center for Heavy Metal Cleaner Production Engineerings, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Duan
- Technology Center for Heavy Metal Cleaner Production Engineerings, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Lavikko S, Eklund O. The role of the Silicate Groups in the Extraction of Mg with the ÅA route method. J CO2 UTIL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|