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Wang H, Liu X, Zhang Z. Approaches for electroplating sludge treatment and disposal technology: Reduction, pretreatment and reuse. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119535. [PMID: 37979382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Electroplating sludge (ES) has become an obstacle to the sustainable development of the electroplating industry. Electroplating sludge has a large storage capacity, with a high concentration of soluble pollutants (heavy metals), which has great potential to harm the local ecosystems and human health. Although much research has been done in this area, there seems to be no mature and stable solution. Therefore, the latest technologies for the reduction, pretreatment and reuse of electroplating sludge are emphatically introduced based on the analysis of the characteristics of electroplating sludge and its impact on the ecological environment. The factors hindering the treatment and disposal of electroplating sludge are pointed out, and reasonable and feasible suggestions to solve this problem are proposed. The solidification and removal mechanism of heavy metals in electroplating sludge is emphatically analyzed. The physicochemical and separation processes of heavy metals, as well as thermal treatment technique are discussed. Finally, it is proposed to establish a database of the physicochemical properties and elemental content of electroplating sludge to achieve its systematic treatment and digestion. We hope that this paper can help solve the problem of electroplating sludge and promote the sustainable development of the electroplating industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, China; School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zengqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, China; School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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2
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Sharma S, Ahammed MM. Application of modified water treatment residuals in water and wastewater treatment: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15796. [PMID: 37305496 PMCID: PMC10256853 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Large quantities of sludge known as water treatment residuals (WTRs) are generated from water treatment facilities across the world. Various attempts have been made to reuse these residuals. Among the different applications of WTRs, their reuse in water and wastewater treatment has received more attention. However, direct application of raw WTRs is associated with some limitations. In the last decade, in order to improve their characteristics, numerous investigators have modified WTRs by different methods. This paper reviews the different methods applied to WTRs to enhance their characteristics. The effects of these modifications on their characteristics are explained. The applications of modified WTRs as a filtration/adsorption medium for treating textile/dye wastewater, groundwater containing different anionic and cationic pollutants, storm water runoff, and as a substrate in constructed wetlands are presented in detail. Future research needs are highlighted. The review clearly indicates the potential of different modification methods to improve the removal of a variety of pollutants by WTRs from water and wastewater.
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3
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Cao C, Yu J, Xu X, Li F, Yang Z, Wang G, Zhang S, Cheng Z, Li T, Pu Y, Xian J, Yang Y, Pu Z. A review on fabricating functional materials by electroplating sludge: process characteristics and outlook. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:64827-64844. [PMID: 37093385 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As the end product of the electroplating industry, electroplating sludge (ES) has a huge annual output and an abundant heavy metal (HM). The effective disposal of ES is attracting increasing attention. Currently, the widely used ES disposal methods (e.g. landfill and incineration) make it difficult to effectively control of HMs and synchronously utilise metal resources, leading to a waste of metal resources, HMs migration, and potential harm to the environment and human health. Therefore, techniques to limit HMs release into the environment and promote the efficient utilisation of metal resources contained within ES are of great interest. Based on these requirements, material reuse is a great potential means of ES management. This review presents an overview of the process flows, principles and feasibilities of the methods employed for the material reuse of ES. Several approaches have been investigated to date, including (1) additions in building materials, (2) application in pigment production, and (3) production of special functional materials. However, these three methods vary in their treatment scales, property requirements, ability to control HMs, and degree of utilisation of metal resources in ES. Currently, the safety of products and costs are not paid enough attention, and the large-scale disposal of HMs is not concordant with the effective management of HMs. Accordingly, this study proposes a holistic sustainable materialised reuse pattern of ES, which combines the scale and efficiency of sludge disposal and pays attention to the safety of products and the cost of transformation process for commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Cao
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jian Yu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241003, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Feng Li
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhanbiao Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yulin Pu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junren Xian
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuanxiang Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhien Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Zhou Y, Tang Y, Liao C, Su M, Shih K. Recent advances toward structural incorporation for stabilizing heavy metal contaminants: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130977. [PMID: 36860053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has resulted in serious environmental damage and raised significant public health concerns. One potential solution in terminal waste treatment is to structurally incorporate and immobilize heavy metals in some robust frameworks. Yet extant research offers a limited perspective on how metal incorporation behavior and stabilization mechanisms can effectively manage heavy metal-laden waste. This review sets forth detailed research on the feasibility of treatment strategies to incorporate heavy metals into structural frameworks; this paper also compares common methods and advanced characterization techniques for identifying metal stabilization mechanisms. Furthermore, this review analyses the typical hosting structures for heavy metal contaminants and metal incorporation behavior, highlighting the importance of structural features on metal speciation and immobilization efficiency. Lastly, this paper systematically summarizes key factors (i.e., intrinsic properties and external conditions) affecting metal incorporation behavior. Drawing on these impactful findings, the paper discusses future directions in the design of waste forms that efficiently, effectively treat heavy metal contaminants. By examining tailored composition-structure-property relationships in metal immobilization strategies, this review reveals possible solutions for crucial challenges in waste treatment and enhances the development of structural incorporation strategies for heavy metal immobilization in environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Center for Water Research, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Changzhong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Minhua Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kaimin Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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5
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Jiabao Q, Zhan Q, Hongyu C, Zhihua W, Qi H, Yuxin Z, Hong Z, Yidi G, Ying Z, Xianze W, Suiyi Z. Pyrometallurgy treatment of electroplating sludge, emulsion mud and coal ash: ZnAlFeO 4 spinel separation and stabilization in calcium metasilicate glass. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 329:117101. [PMID: 36566727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Electroplating sludge was a hazardous waste comprised of heavy metals and other Fe/Al/Ca/Si impurities, and produced massively in surface treatment industry. In the past, it was commonly purified via hydrometallurgy, chlorination and reduction calcination routes, but also blended as additive in rotary kiln, to stabilize the heavy metals in geopolymer. Herein, an alternative strategy was developed to treat a real electroplating sludge for recycling magnetic Zn-rich spinel and stabilizing Zn in calcium metasilicate glass via a facile pyrometallurgy route with the blending of emulsion mud and coal ash. The sludge contained 35.6% Zn and 0.54% Cr and then was blended with 50% emulsion mud. After calcination at 1200 °C, the product was highly dispersed, whilst octahedral ZnAlFeO4 spinel with Zn content of 40.0% were formed and separated by using magnet, in accordance with the recycling efficiency of 51.2% Zn from the electroplating sludge. But after calcination at 1400 °C, the gypsum in emulsion mud was decomposed as CaO and accelerated the dissolution of Si-bearing substance as calcium metasilicate glass for covering ZnAlFeO4 spinel, resulting in the Zn leaching of 1568 mg/L. By adding 50% Si-rich coal ash in the calcination system, more calcium metasilicate glass were generated, and then the Zn concentration in the toxic leaching test was only 12.09 mg/L. During the calcination, Cr showed similar performance to Al/Fe and involved in the spinel formation. This provided a new route to recycle Zn from Zn-rich electroplating sludge and to solidify heavy metals via calcium metasilicate glass route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jiabao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Qu Zhan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Hongyu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China; College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 501 Zhongkai-road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Zhihua
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China; Henan-Tuoren Medical Equipment Group Co., Ltd, Menggang-town, Changyuan, China
| | - Han Qi
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhang Yuxin
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhang Hong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Gao Yidi
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhang Ying
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Wang Xianze
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhu Suiyi
- Science and Technology Innovation Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China; College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 501 Zhongkai-road, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Huang C, Yuan N, He X, Wang C. Ceramsite made from drinking water treatment residue for water treatment: A critical review in association with typical ceramsite making. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:117000. [PMID: 36502704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of ceramsite to construct filtration systems (e.g., biofilters) is a common method for water treatment. To promote such applications, the development of low-cost, high-performance, and environmentally friendly ceramsites has received increasing attention from scientists, and a critical step in the development is the preparation of raw materials. As an inevitable and non-hazardous by-product during potable water production, drinking water treatment residue (DWTR) is typically recycled to make water treatment ceramsite to promote recycling in filtration systems. This study aims to bridge the knowledge gap regarding DWTR in making ceramsites for water treatment. The results suggest that the fabrication methods for DWTR-based ceramsite can be generally classified into sintering and non-sintering procedures. For the sintering method, owing to the heterogeneous properties (especially aluminum, iron, and calcium), DWTR has been applied as various sub-ingredients for raw materials preparations. In contrast, for the non-sintering method, DWTR is commonly applied as the main ingredient, and natural curing, physical crosslinking, and thermal treatment methods have been typically adopted to make ceramsite. However, DWTR-based ceramsites tend to have a high adsorption capability and favorable microbial effects to control different kinds of pollution (e.g., phosphorus, nitrogen, and organic matter). Future work is typically recommended to thoroughly evaluate the performance of DWTR-based ceramsite-constructed filtration systems to control water pollution concerning the making procedures, the potential to control pollution, the stability, and the safety of raw DWTR-based ceramsite, providing systematic information to design more proper planning for beneficial recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nannan Yuan
- School of Electronic Information, Nanjing Vocational College of Information Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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7
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Dong Y, Wu H, Yang F, Gray S. Cost and efficiency perspectives of ceramic membranes for water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118629. [PMID: 35609431 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
More robust ceramic membranes with tailorable structures and functions are increasingly employed for water treatment, particularly in some harsh applications for their ultra-long service lifespan due to their high mechanical, structural, chemical and thermal stability and anti-fouling properties. Decreasing cost and enhancing efficiency are two key but quite challenging application-oriented issues for broader and larger-scale engineering application of current ceramic membranes, and are required to make ceramic membranes a highly efficient and economic water treatment technique. In this review, we critically discuss these two significant concerns of both cost and efficiency for water treatment ceramic membranes, focusing on an overview of various advanced strategies and mechanism insights. A brief up-to-date discussion is first introduced about recent developments of ceramic membranes covering the major advances of novel membranes and applications. Then some promising strategies for decreasing the cost of ceramic membranes are discussed, including membrane material cost and processing cost. To fully address the issue of moderate efficiency with single separation function, valuable and considerable insights are provided into recent major progress and mechanism understandings in application with other unit processes, such as advanced oxidation and electrochemistry techniques, to significantly enhance treatment efficiency. Subsequently, a review of recent ceramic membrane applications emphasizing harsh operating environments is presented, such as oil-water separation, saline water, refractory organic and emerging contaminant wastewater treatment. Finally, engineering application, conclusions, and future perspectives of ceramic membrane for water treatment applications are critically discussed offering new insight based on understanding the issues of cost and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Hui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fenglin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Stephen Gray
- Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Australia
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8
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Shao Q, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Long L, Liu Z, Chen Y, Hu XM, Lu M, Huang LZ. Phosphorus and nitrogen recovery from wastewater by ceramsite: Adsorption mechanism, plant cultivation and sustainability analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150288. [PMID: 34536868 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recovery of the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in wastewater would help to minimize eutrophication and their reuse would lead to a more sustainable society. Sewage sludge and fly ash were used to fabricate ceramsite in the laboratory. After modified with alkali or lanthanum it was shown in benchtop experiments to effectively recover N and P from real wastewater treatment plant effluent. The N&P-adsorbed ceramsite was then applied as an eco-friendly, slow-release fertilizer to promote the germination, growth and blooming of Impatiens commelinoides, realizing the recycling of N and P from wastewater. Emergy analysis shows that such recycling is more sustainable than the current two approaches (i.e., landfill and incineration) for sludge disposal. This work thus demonstrates a sustainable solution combining the reuse of solid waste, effective wastewater purification and recovery of N and P nutrients. Applying the technologies demonstrated would help to minimize the environmental impact of wastewater and solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shao
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, No. 8 East Lake South Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, No. 8 East Lake South Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute for Population and Development Studies, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Lizhi Long
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture), Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Zizheng Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, No. 8 East Lake South Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yiqun Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, No. 8 East Lake South Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xin-Ming Hu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mingming Lu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
| | - Li-Zhi Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, No. 8 East Lake South Road, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, 430072, China.
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Qu Z, Su T, Zhu S, Chen Y, Yu Y, Xie X, Yang J, Huo M, Bian D. Stepwise extraction of Fe, Al, Ca, and Zn: A green route to recycle raw electroplating sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113700. [PMID: 34517231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electroplating sludge is a hazardous waste produced in large quantities in the electroplating industry during production. It is rich in heavy metal resources and can be recovered as value-added heavy metal products. To recover Zn in electroplating sludge, Fe/Al/Ca impurities were effectively removed as hematite, boehmite, and calcium sulfate, respectively, via a facile hydrothermal method with reduction of nitric acid by addition of glucose. After the sludge was dissolved in nitric acid, the generated solution contained 6.1 g/L of Zn, 2.2 g/L of Fe, 2.5 g/L of Al, and 2.9 g/L of Ca. First, approximately 100% Fe was extracted as hematite nanoparticles containing 94.6 wt% Fe2O3 after the solution was treated at 190 °C for 6 h. Second, when the temperature was elevated to 270 °C, nearly 99% Al was isolated as boehmite particles containing 95.2 wt% Al2O3. Third, more than 98% Ca was removed as anhydrite, which contained 95.9 wt% CaSO4, by adding sulfuric acid. During the steps, the total loss of Zn was less than 3%, and 5.75 g/L of residual Zn was recovered as zincite containing 92.2 wt% ZnO by adjusting the pH to 8. The dissolved Fe, Al, and Ca impurities were successfully removed as purified hematite, boehmite, and anhydrite, respectively, through the stepwise separation method by adjusting reaction temperatures and pH. The high content of Zn in the electroplating sludge was finally purified as zincite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Qu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Ting Su
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Suiyi Zhu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China; Jilin Institute of Forestry Survey and Design, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Guangdong Shouhui Lantian Engineering and Technology Corporation, Guangzhou, 510075, China
| | - Xinfeng Xie
- Michigan Technological University, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Houghton, MI, 49932, USA
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingxin Huo
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Dejun Bian
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
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Bai H, Wang Z, Zhang J, Wu J, Yue Y, Liu Q, Qian G. Synthesis of a perovskite-type catalyst from Cr electroplating sludge for effective catalytic oxidization of VOC. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 294:113025. [PMID: 34119994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chromium-containing electroplating sludge usually lacked proper disposal and recycling. High-temperature melting was a technology aiming to form glass-phase slag for the stabilizations of heavy metals. This work investigated the possibility of forming perovskite-like phase by chromium-containing sludge using high-temperature melting. The formed material was applied in catalytic oxidization of volatile organic compound. As a result, Ca2+-doped LaCrO3 was formed according to XRD and HRTEM. When Ca2+ doping reached 33%, i.e., La0.67Ca0.33CrO3, surface oxygen species of the obtained catalyst was increased to 65.7%, which was detected by XPS, resulting in a toluene removal of 50% at 302 °C. Besides, the activity was stable for over 50 h. In addition, the doping amount was as high as 40 mol% of Cr in the catalyst. Based on these results, a high-value-added catalyst was produced by the hazardous waste, which was in favor of hazardous-waste recycling as well as high-temperature-melting development.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Bai
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road., Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Zongfang Wang
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road., Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Jia Zhang
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road., Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- MGI of Shanghai University, Xiapu Town, Xiangdong District, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi, 337022, PR China
| | - Yang Yue
- MGI of Shanghai University, Xiapu Town, Xiangdong District, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi, 337022, PR China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road., Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Guangren Qian
- MGI of Shanghai University, Xiapu Town, Xiangdong District, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi, 337022, PR China
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Xia Y, Meng F, Lv Z, Zhang J, Tang Y, Shih K. Develop spinel structure and quantify phase transformation for nickel stabilization in electroplating sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 131:286-293. [PMID: 34198182 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-laden electroplating sludge (Ni sludge) has always been a critical concern due to its potential hazards to the environment. This study proposed a strategy to stabilize nickel (Ni) via phase transformation into stable crystal structures through ceramic sintering. The Ni sludge was collected, and then fired with two ceramic precursors (α-Fe2O3 and γ-Al2O3) within a temperature range of 700-1400 °C for 5 h. After sintering scheme, phase identification was performed on the products, showing the NiFe2O4 and NiAl2O4 spinels as predominant Ni-hosting phases respectively in α-Fe2O3 and γ-Al2O3 series. Then, the Rietveld refinement was applied to quantify weight fractions of all phases (including crystal and amorphous phases), and the quantification results showed that the weight fractions of NiFe2O4 or NiAl2O4 spinels can reach around 87.7% and 83.1%, respectively in 1200 °C sintered products of both series. The transformation ratio (TR) of Ni was calculated as 99.9% and 99.7% accordingly, showing almost complete incorporation of Ni into the spinel structures. With a prolonged leaching procedure, the Ni stabilization effect after sintering was evaluated. The Ni leachability was dramatically decreased with the development of spinel structure under sintering processes, and the Ni leached ratio from the sintered products can reach lower than 0.06% even after 20-d prolonged leaching. Through this study, a promising and quantitative method was proposed for controllable Ni stabilization of the hazardous industrial sludge via developing spinel structures in the sintered products, which may provide a feasible strategy for the treatment and beneficial utilization of heavy metal-laden solid wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxue Xia
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Fanling Meng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zhong Lv
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jianshuai Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Kaimin Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Tran TH, Tran QM, Le TV, Pham TT, Le VT, Nguyen MK. Removal of Cu (II) by calcinated electroplating sludge. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07092. [PMID: 34136684 PMCID: PMC8176314 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroplating sludge consists of various heavy metal oxides, which may be utilized as adsorbent to remove Cu (II) present in aqueous environment. This study evaluated the adsorption performance of calcinated electroplating sludge. The adsorption isotherm based on Langmuir equation proved that calcinated electroplating sludge had a higher adsorption performance than raw electroplating sludge, with maximum adsorption capacity 92 mg/g and 76.34 mg/g, respectively. Findings of the conducted kinetic study revealed that both surface adsorption and intra-particular diffusion were involved during the adsorption process. Moreover, the comparison between the experimental and calculated data of equilibrium adsorption capacity demonstrated that the pseudo second-order kinetic equation fitted well with 38.31 mg/g of calcinated sludge and 33.66 mg/g of raw sludge, approximate to real-world data. Furthermore, adsorption mechanism research demonstrated that while OH group plays a vital role in raw sample, Ca2+, in addition to OH group, was involved in ion exchange in calcinated sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Huong Tran
- Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Thai Nguyen, 425A Phan Dinh Phung Street, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam
| | - Quang Minh Tran
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Vinh Le
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Thuy Pham
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Van Trong Le
- Food Industries Research Institute, Ministry of Industry and Trade, 301 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan Trung, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Manh Khai Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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Adsorptive removal of tetracycline by sustainable ceramsite substrate from bentonite/red mud/pine sawdust. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2960. [PMID: 32076056 PMCID: PMC7031399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel, sustainable and efficient ceramsite substrate of constructed wetlands (CWs) were prepared for tetracycline (TC) removal by employing bentonite (Ben) and red mud (Rm) as the main materials and pine sawdust (Ps) as the additive. The optimal parameters for Ben/Rm/Ps ceramsite preparation were obtained via orthogonal and one-factor experimental designs, and the optimal parameters were presented as follows: mass ratio of Ben: Rm: Ps = 4:1:0.9, preheating temperature = 240 °C, preheating time = 20 min, calcining temperature = 1150 °C, and calcining time = 14 min. The properties of Ben/Rm/Ps-op ceramsite (obtained at the optimal condition) were first analyzed, including XRD and SEM, and demonstrated a microporous structure with some crystal strength components. Neutral condition and higher temperature were indicated conducive to improve the TC removal efficiency, while coexisting ions (Na+ or Ca2+) showed adverse effect for TC adsorption by Ben/Rm/Ps-op. In addition, adsorption kinetics and isotherm could be well described by the second-order kinetics and linear isothermal model, respectively, which suggested chemisorption and multilayer adsorption thickness increased infinitely. The theoretical maximum TC adsorption capacity of Ben/Rm/Ps-op at 20 °C reached up to 2.5602 mg/g. In addition, Ben/Rm/Ps-op could effectively remove TC as the CWs substrate under a dynamic flow condition. Further, Ben/Rm/Ps-op exhibited high reusability capability and stability for TC removal, and the adsorption amount still remained for 2.13 mg/g (C0 = 80 mg/L) after three consecutive cycles.
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Chen S, Chen Y, Pei H, Hou Q. Biofilm development dynamics and pollutant removal performance of ceramsite made from drinking-water treatment sludge. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:616-627. [PMID: 30742347 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alum-sludge ceramsite and denitrifying bacteria (XP-1, XP-2, CL-1, CL-3) were used as substrate and constructed biofilm for enhancing the removal of pollutants from wastewater. The results showed that, due to the large specific surface area, the maximum growth rate was 0.49 mg/(g·day) on the sludge ceramsite, and the mass of biofilm attached onto sludge ceramsite was 5.98 times higher than that when using commercial ceramsite as substrate. Better removal performance could be achieved with the combination of sludge ceramsite and bacteria, viz. 98.6%, 91.0%, and 85.8% reduction in total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively. Pseudo-first-order kinetics, pseudo-second-order kinetics, Monod kinetics, and multiple Monod kinetics combined with continuous-flow-stirred tank reactor (CFSTR) behavior were used to investigate the dynamics of the pollutant removal processes. The decrease in band brightness for bacteria attached onto sludge ceramsite was 11.5%, while it was more than 35.7% on commercial ceramsite during wastewater treatment according to results from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Sludge ceramsite played an important role in maintaining quantities and activities of denitrifying bacteria, and application of sludge ceramsite substrate and denitrifying bacteria was a reliable method to enhance the removals of phosphorus, nitrogen, and COD from domestic wastewater. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Alum-sludge ceramsite was a good substrate for phosphorus adsorption and denitrifying bacterial growth. There was 5.98 times more biofilm on sludge ceramsite than on commercial ceramsite The biofilm of denitrifying bacteria on sludge ceramsite was more stable. High removals of TP (98.6%), TN (90.1%) and COD (85.81%) were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Qingjie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, China
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Wang Z, Liang K, Chan SW, Tang Y. Fabrication of nano CuAl 2O 4 spinel for copper stabilization and antibacterial application. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 371:550-557. [PMID: 30878905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With widely reported antibacterial potential, the copper-containing nanoparticles have become attractive antibacterial agents to prohibit the undesirable bacterial adhesion and growth. However, after applying the copper-containing agents in the environment, the potential leaching and bioaccumulation of copper ions may cause severe environmental contamination and irreversible health problems. Therefore, the nano CuAl2O4 spinel was fabricated as a novel copper-stabilized antibacterial agent with much minimized copper leachability. Results show the successful fabrication of nano CuAl2O4 spinel as well-shaped polyhedral particles with maximum length of ˜100 nm and width of ˜50 nm. The optimal parameters for the synthesis of CuAl2O4 include pH value of 11.0, sintering temperature of 1000 °C, dwelling time of 3 h, and the heating rate of 5 °C/min. The leaching test also confirmed the superiority of the nano CuAl2O4 in copper stabilization. The beneficial antibacterial activity of the nano CuAl2O4 was further testified by an obvious decrease in the amount of Escherichia coli in a medium with addition of the CuAl2O4 spinel. Besides the growth mechanisms of the nano-particles, this work has also innovatively demonstrated a strategy to replace the traditional antibacterial agents by a novel, long-lasting nano CuAl2O4 with little copper leachability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kun Liang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Siu-Wai Chan
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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17
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Wang Z, Tang Y, Wang T, Liang K. Nano CuAl 2O 4 spinel mineral as a novel antibacterial agent for PVDF membrane modification with minimized copper leachability. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 368:421-428. [PMID: 30708343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The employment of copper-containing antibacterial agents for membrane modification can constrain undesirable bacterial adhesion and growth in an effective and economical way. However, copper ion may be leached out and cause further toxicity after applying those materials for membrane processes. Therefore, in this study, nano CuAl2O4 spinel was synthesized as a novel copper-containing material which was expected to have good antibacterial activity and simultaneously stabilize copper ions by its intrinsic structure. The obtained nano spinel was applied for membrane modification via both doping and coating methods. Results show that the addition of nano CuAl2O4 spinel during doping process can change polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane properties (crystallization, tensile strength, porosity, pore size distribution, permeate flux and bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection) obviously, but no obvious change was observed for the coated membrane except increased hydrophilicity and permeate flux. Most importantly, the amount of bacteria attachment was found to reduce significantly (˜68%) on the membrane coated with nano spinel, which indicates the successful application of nano CuAl2O4 spinel as a novel antibacterial agent for membrane modification without extra concern of copper toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kun Liang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Mao L, Wu Y, Zhang W, Huang Q. The reuse of waste glass for enhancement of heavy metals immobilization during the introduction of galvanized sludge in brick manufacturing. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 231:780-787. [PMID: 30415171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mixing of galvanized sludge in fired clay brick manufacturing has been regarded as an alternative approach for the consumption of galvanized sludge. Decreasing the surface area and porosity of fired brick definitely lowers the risk of heavy metal release. In this study, a novel method is proposed to reduce the surface area and porosity of bricks and promote heavy metal immobilization by adding waste glass. The introduction of waste glass enhanced the physical and mechanical performances of fired clay bricks and resulted in an increase in bulk density and compressive strength and a decrease in water absorption. Microstructure analysis showed that the texture of the bricks turned from porous to smooth and homogeneous due to the introduction of waste glass. Porosity analysis showed that surface area and pore volume of fired brick were substantially reduced. When the added waste glass amount exceeded 15 wt%, the heavy metal concentrations that leached from bricks containing 10 wt% galvanized sludge fired at 950 °C met the regulatory requirement. These results demonstrate that waste glass can be reused to enhance the stabilization/solidification of heavy metals, during the mixing of hazardous waste in bricks and ceramics manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqiang Mao
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China; Department of Mining Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506, United States.
| | - Yunqiu Wu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Qingqing Huang
- Department of Mining Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506, United States
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Adsorption characteristics of a novel ceramsite for heavy metal removal from stormwater runoff. Chin J Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cao Z, Zhang J, Zhou J, Ruan X, Chen D, Liu J, Liu Q, Qian G. Electroplating sludge derived zinc-ferrite catalyst for the efficient photo-Fenton degradation of dye. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 193:146-153. [PMID: 28213298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A zinc-dominant ferrite catalyst for efficient degradation of organic dye was prepared by the calcination of electroplating sludge (ES). Characterizations indicated that zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) coexisted with Fe2O3 structure was the predominant phase in the calcined electroplating sludge (CES). CES displayed a high decolorization ratio (88.3%) of methylene blue (MB) in the presence of H2O2 combined with UV irradiation. The high efficiency could be ascribed to the photocatalytic process induced by ZnFe2O4 and the photo-Fenton dye degradation by ferrous content, and a small amount of Al and Mg in the sludge might also contribute to the catalysis. Moreover, the degradation capability of dye by CES was supported by the synthetic ZnFe2O4 with different Zn to Fe molar ratio (n(Zn): n(Fe)), as 84.81%-86.83% of dye was removed with n(Zn): n(Fe) ranged from 1:0.5 to 1:3. All synthetic ferrite samples in the simulation achieved adjacent equilibrium decolorization ratio, the flexible proportioning of divalent metal ions (M2+) to trivalent metal ions (M3+) applied in the synthesis indicated that the catalyst has a high availability. Therefore, an efficacious catalyst for the degradation of dye can potentially be derived from heavy metal-containing ES, it's a novel approach for the reutilization of ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbang Cao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 333 Nanchen Rd, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 333 Nanchen Rd, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jizhi Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 333 Nanchen Rd, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xiuxiu Ruan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 333 Nanchen Rd, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Dan Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 333 Nanchen Rd, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 333 Nanchen Rd, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 333 Nanchen Rd, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 333 Nanchen Rd, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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