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Altieri R, Spaccini R, Pane C, Manganiello G, Cangemi S, Verrillo M, Stanzione V, Esposito A. Process and quality evaluation of different improved composts made with a smart laboratory pilot plant. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31059. [PMID: 38803888 PMCID: PMC11128855 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study monitored the process and investigated the quality of compost obtained from different biomasses. Five blends of agri-food waste were composted by a laboratory pilot plant named COMPOSTER, that is designed to optimize biodegradation, and produce compost efficiently. The COMPOSTER consists of two 35-liter nearly adiabatic, aerated bioreactors that simulate an industrial process involving the typical sequence of mesophilic-thermophilic-mesophilic phases. It continuously monitors and records temperature, internal pressure, and biomass weight, while controlling and quantifying oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide emissions resulting from aerobic biodegradation. All composts were characterized for their main chemical, physical, and molecular features, as well as their suppressiveness against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL), tested on tomato seedlings. Optimized biodegradation yielded 50-60 % mature compost with a cumulative oxygen consumption ranging from 282 to 456 gO2 per kg of dry matter, with peaks of 2.55 gO2 per kg of volatile solids per hour, and carbon dioxide emissions of 22-36 % of the initial carbon content, with peaks of 5.89 g CO2 per kg of volatile solids per hour. Blends containing more ligno-cellulosic ingredients showed higher yields and lower CO2 emissions. Most of the nitrogen present initially was retained in the final compost; indeed, all mixtures exhibited an apparent nitrogen concentration increase due to carbon loss. Composting determined deep modifications in the molecular structure of the organic matter. 13C CPMAS-NMR and off-line thermochemolysis GC-MS analyses highlighted decomposition degree of polysaccharides and peptidic moieties, selective preservation of aliphatic and aromatic recalcitrant compounds, and optimal ongoing humification. All composts were non-phytotoxic, except for that including pepper crop residues, and all resulted rich in macro- and micro-elements for plant nutrition and proved to be active in controlling FOL disease. Compost comprising 81.2 % tomato crop waste exhibited the best growth performance and pathogen control on tomato. Mature, non-phytotoxic, nutrient-rich, and suppressive composts represent promising by-products that can be successfully recycled in agriculture, including high-value applications, leading to lower use of fertilizers and pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Altieri
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council (CNR-ISAFOM), Perugia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Spaccini
- CERMANU - NMR Research Center, University of Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Catello Pane
- Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Manganiello
- Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Silvana Cangemi
- CERMANU - NMR Research Center, University of Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Mariavittoria Verrillo
- CERMANU - NMR Research Center, University of Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Vitale Stanzione
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council (CNR-ISAFOM), Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Esposito
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council (CNR-ISAFOM), Perugia, Italy
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Yang S, Yin Y, Zhang W, Li H, Wang X, Chen R. Advances in understanding bioaerosol release characteristics and potential hazards during aerobic composting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171796. [PMID: 38513848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Bioaerosol emissions and their associated risks are attracting increasing attention. Bioaerosols are generated during the pretreatment, fermentation, and screening of mature compost when processing various types of solid waste at composting plants (e.g., municipal sludge and animal manure). In this review, we summarize research into bioaerosols at different types of composting plants by focusing on the methods used for sampling bioaerosols, stages when emissions potentially occur, major components of bioaerosols, survival and diffusion factors, and possible control strategies. The six-stage Andersen impactor is the main method used for sampling bioaerosols in composting plants. In addition, different composting management methods mainly affect bioaerosol emissions from composting plants. Studies of the components of bioaerosols produced by composting plants mainly focused on bacteria and fungi, whereas few considered others such as endotoxin. The survival and diffusion of bioaerosols are influenced by seasonal effects due to changes in environmental factors, such as temperature and relative humidity. Finally, three potential strategies have been proposed for controlling bioaerosols in composting plants. Improved policies are required for regulating bioaerosol emissions, as well as bioaerosol concentration diffusion models and measures to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Yanan Yin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China.
| | - Wenrong Zhang
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Haichao Li
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiaochang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
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Tran HT, Binh QA, Van Tung T, Pham DT, Hoang HG, Hai Nguyen NS, Xie S, Zhang T, Mukherjee S, Bolan NS. A critical review on characterization, human health risk assessment and mitigation of malodorous gaseous emission during the composting process. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124115. [PMID: 38718963 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Composting has emerged as a suitable method to convert or transform organic waste including manure, green waste, and food waste into valuable products with several advantages, such as high efficiency, cost feasibility, and being environmentally friendly. However, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), mainly malodorous gases, are the major concern and challenges to overcome in facilitating composting. Ammonia (NH3) and volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), including hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and methyl mercaptan (CH4S), primarily contributed to the malodorous gases emission during the entire composting process due to their low olfactory threshold. These compounds are mainly emitted at the thermophilic phase, accounting for over 70% of total gas emissions during the whole process, whereas methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are commonly detected during the mesophilic and cooling phases. Therefore, the human health risk assessment of malodorous gases using various indexes such as ECi (maximum exposure concentration for an individual volatile compound EC), HR (non-carcinogenic risk), and CR (carcinogenic risk) has been evaluated and discussed. Also, several strategies such as maintaining optimal operating conditions, and adding bulking agents and additives (e.g., biochar and zeolite) to reduce malodorous emissions have been pointed out and highlighted. Biochar has specific adsorption properties such as high surface area and high porosity and contains various functional groups that can adsorb up to 60%-70% of malodorous gases emitted from composting. Notably, biofiltration emerged as a resilient and cost-effective technique, achieving up to 90% reduction in malodorous gases at the end-of-pipe. This study offers a comprehensive insight into the characterization of malodorous emissions during composting. Additionally, it emphasizes the need to address these issues on a larger scale and provides a promising outlook for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Tuan Tran
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Management, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Quach An Binh
- Advanced Applied Sciences Research Group, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Technology, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa City, Viet Nam
| | - Tra Van Tung
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Duy Toan Pham
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Hong-Giang Hoang
- Faculty of Technology, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa City, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc Son Hai Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF), Thai Nguyen, 23000, Viet Nam
| | - Shiyu Xie
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- School of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
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Chiarelotto M, Melo DCD, Santos MVAD. Does the initial C/N ratio interfere with the performance of sewage sludge composting and cotton waste? ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:2673-2683. [PMID: 36780336 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2180672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the initial C/N ratio on the composting of sewage sludge and cotton residues are not reported in the literature. Understanding the main composting control parameters is essential for the good stabilization of these wastes. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate different initial C/N ratios for the composting of sewage sludge and cotton waste, aiming to find the ranges with the best performance for the process and quality of the final organic compost. In this sense, five mixtures of sewage sludge (S) and cotton residues (C) were prepared and composted with three replications for each treatment in a completely randomized design. Physicochemical parameters were evaluated during composting and in the final organic compounds. A Multivariate Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to evaluate the agronomic quality of organic compounds. The thermal behaviour of the mixtures presented differences. The treatments 90C10S, 80C20S and 67C33S showed the highest EXI² index (3566.64, 3448.39 and 2738.89), longer duration of thermophilic phase (12 and 13 days) and better potential for maximum degradation (A) of organic matter (67.5, 61.2 and 65.6%C). The final compounds of 90C10S and 80C20S showed higher pH values (7.9 and 7.5) and higher CEC (123.6 and 114.0 meq/100 g OM). PCA showed similarity in the agronomic quality of organic compounds for 90C10S, 80C20S and 67C33S. The treatment 28C72S (initial C/N ratio of 16.6) presented final pH of 5.3 and did not meet the minimum limit required by Brazilian regulations. Initial C/N relations between 24.9 and 35.2 showed better stabilization of waste and final organic compound with better agronomic quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maico Chiarelotto
- Centre of Exact Sciences and Technologies, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras Brazil
| | - Danilo Corado de Melo
- Centre of Exact Sciences and Technologies, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras Brazil
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Li J, Liu X, Zhu C, Luo L, Chen Z, Jin S, Geng B. Influences of human waste-based ectopic fermentation bed fillers on the soil properties and growth of Chinese pakchoi. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:69903-69917. [PMID: 35579832 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20636-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of human wastes as biofertilizer resources offers a new option for meeting the growing demand for food and addressing poor soil productivity. Feces and black water are ubiquitous human wastes that usually require proper treatment, such as composting and anaerobic digestion, to remove potentially harmful substances before they can be applied as fertilizers. As an effective treatment technology for livestock farming wastes, the ectopic fermentation bed system (EFS) provides a new means of treating human waste and producing organic fertilizer from decomposed filler. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the nutrient content and fertilizer potential of decomposed fillers obtained after EFS treatment of human feces and black water under different application conditions. The results showed that the application of fillers increased the yield of pakchoi by 3.60⁓29.32% and nutrient uptake by 8.09⁓83.45% compared to the CK, which could effectively promote the growth of pakchoi. This approach also improved the quality of pakchoi and enhanced soil fertility, and differences were observed in the effects of different kinds and application amounts of fillers. Soil EC was the soil property that had the greatest effect on the growth characteristics of pakchoi in this study. These findings help to better clarify the agronomic value of human wastes, but the effects of long-term filler application need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxiong Zhu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangguo Luo
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuobo Chen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Jin
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Geng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Wang G, Kong Y, Yang Y, Ma R, Shen Y, Li G, Yuan J. Superphosphate, biochar, and a microbial inoculum regulate phytotoxicity and humification during chicken manure composting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153958. [PMID: 35183623 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The germination index (GI) is the best index for evaluating compost phytotoxicity and maturity. In order to improve GI and reduce phytotoxicity of chicken manure compost, superphosphate, biochar, and a microbial inoculum were added in this study. Maturity indices (pH, electrical conductivity, and GI), water-soluble ion, organic matter, humic acid, humic precursor contents, and the bacteria community were analyzed during the experiment. NH4+, volatile fatty acids, and humic acid strongly affected the GI, which increased as the humic acid content increased and the volatile fatty acid and NH4+ contents decreased. The three additives affected compost maturity differently. Adding biochar decreased microbial diversity and complexity, but improved the GI mainly by affecting abiotic factors. Adding the microbial inoculum increased biotic activity and promoted humus and precursor formation. Superphosphate activated core functional bacteria and increased bacterial diversity and complexity, and 16 genera and 2 phyla (Gemmatimonadota and Chloroflexi) were found only in this composting pile. Superphosphate markedly accelerated humification and decreased the salt (NH4+ and NO3-) and heavy metal ion (Cu2+, Cd2+, Cr3+) contents, forming stable substances to reduce the key phytotoxic matters, which in turn decreased the compost phytotoxicity and improved the GI. These results provide a new sight for promoting maturity by functional material regulation in composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yilin Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruonan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Technology and Model for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Lopes IG, Yong JW, Lalander C. Frass derived from black soldier fly larvae treatment of biodegradable wastes. A critical review and future perspectives. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 142:65-76. [PMID: 35176600 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inadequately treated biodegradable waste is considered an environmental, social and economic threat worldwide, which call for great attention. Waste treatment with larvae of the black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) complies with the concepts of circular economy, as it enables the transformation of these wastes into marketable products, closing loops and promoting circularity. The processing residues of the treatment (frass) is constantly generated in waste management facilities in large volumes, and this product can be used as an organic fertilizer in agriculture, stimulating a transition to a circular economy. However, many aspects related to frass are still unknown, such as its varying composition of nutrients, microorganisms and bioactive compounds, its post-processing requirements for improved biological stabilization, its behavior in the soil and action in the plants' metabolism, among other aspects. In this review article, we highlight the potential of frass from BSF larvae treatment of biodegradable waste in the world market regarding its possible use as a fertilizer, summarize recent results with this novel product and point towards future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Wh Yong
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7032, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lalander
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
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Zhang Z, Malik MZ, Khan A, Ali N, Malik S, Bilal M. Environmental impacts of hazardous waste, and management strategies to reconcile circular economy and eco-sustainability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150856. [PMID: 34627923 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rise in living standards and the continuous development in the global economy led to the depletion of resources and increased waste generation per capita. This waste might posture a significant threat to human health or the environmental matrices (water, air, soil) when inadequately treated, transported, stored, or managed/disposed of. Therefore, effective waste management in an economically viable and environmentally friendly way has become meaningful. Prominent technology is the need of the day for circular economy and sustainable development to reduce the speed of depletion in resources and produce an alternative means for the future demands in the different sectors of science and technology. In order to meet the potential requirements for energy production or producing secondary raw material, solid waste may be the prime source. The activities of living organisms convert waste products in one form or another in which electronic waste (e-waste) is a modern-day problem that is growing by leaps and bounds. The disposal protocols of the e-waste management need to be given proper attention to avoid its hazardous impacts. The e-waste is obtained from any equipment or devices that run by electricity or batteries like laptops, palmtops, computers, televisions, mobile phones, digital video discs (DVD), and many more. E-waste is one of the rapidly growing causes of world pollution today. Plenty of research is available in the scientific literature, which shows different approaches being set up and followed to manage and dispose of waste products. These strategies to manage waste products designed by the states all over the globe revolves around minimal production, authentic techniques for the management of waste produced, reuse and recycling, etc. The virtual survey of the available literature on waste management shows that it lacks specificity regarding the management of waste products parallel to ecological sustainability. The presented review covers the sources, potential environmental impacts, and highlights the importance of waste management strategies to provide the latest and updated knowledge. The review also put forward the countermeasures that need to be taken on national and International levels addressing the sensitive issue of waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province 318000, China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Malik
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Adnan Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ali
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-salt Resource, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Sumeet Malik
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
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Wang G, Yang Y, Kong Y, Ma R, Yuan J, Li G. Key factors affecting seed germination in phytotoxicity tests during sheep manure composting with carbon additives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126809. [PMID: 34388932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The germination index (GI) was widely applied to evaluate the phytotoxicity of compost. This study investigated the key phytotoxicity factors affecting seed germination in compost by using aqueous extracts in seed germination tests. The relationship between water-soluble substances in compost and seed germination, and their association with the microbial community were identified. In this study, sheep manure (SM) composted along or with three carbon additives (mushroom substrate, MS; cornstalks, CS; garden substrate, GS) for 49 days and, during this time, changes in multiple physical-chemical parameters, carbon and nitrogen matters, germination indexes (GI) and the compost microbiome were monitored. The results showed that all additives decreased water-soluble total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and low molecular weight organic acids, and significantly improved the seed germination indexes (seed germination rate, radical length and GI). The GI was correlated with water-soluble carbon degradation products (TOC, butyric acid, humic acid) and certain bacteria (Planifilum, Oceanobacillus, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_005 and Saccharomonospora). A structural equation model revealed that the main factors affecting seed germination were TOC (SM compost), acetic acid (SM+MS compost), humic acid (SM+CS compost), and pH (SM+GS compost). Low TOC and low molecular weight organic acids contents and higher humic acid content promoted GI. The research results could provide theoretical basis and measures for directional regulation of compost maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yilin Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruonan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Tabrika I, Mayad EH, Furze JN, Zaafrani M, Azim K. Optimization of tomato waste composting with integration of organic feedstock. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:64140-64149. [PMID: 33400108 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Valorization of waste by composting converts organic waste into valuable organic supplements. Physicochemical characteristics of tomato waste (TW) limit the efficiency of the composting process. To overcome these challenges, different mixtures were investigated by integration of olive pumice (OP), sheep manure (SM), chicken manure (CM), and sawdust as bulking agents for the optimization of the composting process. Evaluations of the composting process and compost quality were carried out to measure the temperature profile, organic matter (OM) losses, concentrations of humic substances, and macro-nutriments. The results showed that the type and ratio of feedstock in the mixture influenced the temperature of the composting process. In mixtures with SM and OP, the temperature exceeded 55 °C for more than 2 weeks, ensuring hygienization. Additionally, phosphorus and potassium significantly increased when SM and CM were added to the composting mixture. The addition of OP increased the concentrations of humic acid-like carbon (CHA) and fulvic acid-like carbon (CFA). Higher content of humic substances was recorded when SM and OP were used as composting feedstock. Using SM in the mixture was found to be more efficient than CM and constitutes a suitable feedstock for composting of tomato waste, achieving successful co-operation of agronomic and animal farm sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyass Tabrika
- Research Unit of Integrated Plant Production, Regional Centre of Agricultural Research, Agadir, Morocco.
- Laboratory of Mechanic, Process Energy and Environment, National School of Applied Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco.
| | - El Hassan Mayad
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences of Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - James N Furze
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences of Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
- Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Alsinaah Street, P.O. Box: 19006, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq
- Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), 1 Kensington Gore, London, SW7 2AR, UK
| | - Mina Zaafrani
- Laboratory of Mechanic, Process Energy and Environment, National School of Applied Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Khalid Azim
- Research Unit of Integrated Plant Production, Regional Centre of Agricultural Research, Agadir, Morocco
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11
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Santos FTD, Fehmberger C, Aloisio CM, Bautitz IR, Hermes E. Composting of swine production chain wastes with addition of crude glycerin: organic matter degradation kinetics, functional groups, and carboxylic acids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:50542-50553. [PMID: 33959841 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the effect of adding crude glycerin (CG) as a carbon source during the composting of agro-industrial residues, such as those generated in the swine production chain, especially concerning the impact on organic matter humification. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the effect of adding crude glycerin during the composting of organic swine waste, using appropriate analyses to determine the degree of maturation of the organic material. The experiment was performed using composters constructed from pallets. The variables considered were temperature, mass, volume, organic matter, functional groups, carboxylic acids, pH, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium, basal respiration, and germination index. For all the CG concentrations tested, thermophilic temperatures were reached, while higher amounts of CG (4.5 and 6.0%) maintained temperatures above 55 °C for longer periods (28 days). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of an aromatic stretching vibration signal at 1620 cm-1, confirming mineralization of the organic matter, while the decrease of carboxylic acids at the end of the composting period indicated stabilization. The organic composts presented high nutrient contents and absence of toxicity, indicating that they could be safely used in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielly Torres Dos Santos
- Program of Postgraduate in Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Street Pioneiro, 2153, CEP: 85.950-000, Bairro Jardim Dallas, Palotina, PR, Brazil
| | - Cleide Fehmberger
- Program of Postgraduate in Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Street Pioneiro, 2153, CEP: 85.950-000, Bairro Jardim Dallas, Palotina, PR, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Margatto Aloisio
- Program of Postgraduate in Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Street Pioneiro, 2153, CEP: 85.950-000, Bairro Jardim Dallas, Palotina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ivonete Rossi Bautitz
- Program of Postgraduate in Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Street Pioneiro, 2153, CEP: 85.950-000, Bairro Jardim Dallas, Palotina, PR, Brazil
| | - Eliane Hermes
- Program of Postgraduate in Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Street Pioneiro, 2153, CEP: 85.950-000, Bairro Jardim Dallas, Palotina, PR, Brazil.
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12
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Wang H, Yao D, Xu J, Liu X, Sheng L. Investigation of technology for composting mixed deer manure and straw. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:45805-45825. [PMID: 33884547 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Composting is an effective method for utilizing agricultural straw waste and livestock manure resources. Using deer manure and corn straw as raw materials, the changes in various indexes were studied during composting under different initial C/N ratios, initial moisture contents, and particle sizes of corn straw, and compost maturity was evaluated. Moisture content, total organic carbon content, and C/N ratio all declined during composting, while total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, pH, germination index, and electrical conductivity increased. The grey relational analysis method was used to evaluate maturity. The results showed that a mixture of stalk and deer manure with initial moisture content of 55%, initial C/N ratio of 30:1, and a straw particle size of 1.5-3.5 cm constituted the optimal experimental conditions. Taguchi analysis indicated that initial moisture content exerted the greatest influence on compost maturity, followed by initial C/N ratio and crushed straw particle size. This study provides an important reference for the utilization of compost derived from a mixture of livestock manure and straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
| | - Difu Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
| | - Jianling Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China.
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Development Planning Division, The Education Department of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Lianxi Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration/School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
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13
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Reichembach LH, Lúcia de Oliveira Petkowicz C. Pectins from alternative sources and uses beyond sweets and jellies: An overview. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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14
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Yang W, Fan X, Li S, Ma Z, Cheng Y, Kou J. Can white clover facilitate apple orchard residue composting? ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:2428-2437. [PMID: 31825742 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1703822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to assess the efficiency of white clove (WC) as an alternative nitrogen source for composting and to facilitate the utilization of orchard waste, WC as compared with chicken manure (CM) was aerobically composted with apple tree leaves (ATL) in initial C/N ratios of 25(R25), 30(R30) and 35(R35). The results show that WC facilitated the rapid and harmless treatment of ATL with the compost temperature above 55°C for more than 3 days. After composting, for all final products, organic matter content was 69.9%-72.9%, electrical conductivity (EC) 1.48-2.31 ms cm-1, germination index (GI) more than 80% and C/N ratios less than 20. Among all treatments, the product from R30 was most nutrient-rich. Compared with CM, WC facilitated the harmless treatment of ATL and required less time for high quality compost production. It is concluded that WC is an excellent replacement for animal manure as a nitrogen source in field composting of orchard waste in areas with limited transportation. WC and ATL can produce high quality organic fertilizer and initial C/N ratio of 30 is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangwei Li
- Gulang Grassland Station, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Gulang County, Gulang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhu Ma
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Cheng
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancun Kou
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
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15
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Pectins from food waste: Characterization and functional properties of a pectin extracted from broccoli stalk. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Wang G, Kong Y, Liu Y, Li D, Zhang X, Yuan J, Li G. Evolution of phytotoxicity during the active phase of co-composting of chicken manure, tobacco powder and mushroom substrate. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 114:25-32. [PMID: 32645612 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically investigated the phytotoxicity of chicken manure co-composted with tobacco powder and mushroom substrate on seed germination during active phase of composting. All compost products met the sanitation requirements specified in the Chinese national standard; however, only the mushroom substrate compost satisfied the maturity standard. From day 28, the composting entered the end of active phase and the concentrations of K+, Zn2+, Na+, Cu2+ and Fe3+ decreased gradually. Redundancy analysis indicated that the germination index, catalase and peroxidase activities was positively correlated with K+, Zn2+, Na+, Cu2+, Fe3+ and NO3--N, and negatively correlated with NH4+-N, Mg2+ and Ca2+, among which the most significant ions were Fe3+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ for all treatments. The malondialdehyde concentration of germinated seeds had adverse correlation with the above ions parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yilin Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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17
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Monitoring of Biochemical Parameters and GHG Emissions in Bioaugmented Manure Composting. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8060681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Composting is a sustainable alternative for the management of manure. In this study, the effects of bioaugmentation on cattle manure composting was investigated. In this study, two windrow piles were placed at 1.7 m in height, 2.1 m in bottom width, 0.6 m in top width, and 54 m in length. Microbial inoculum was added to pile 1, whereas the second pile was used as the control. After 17 days, the C:N ratio was reduced from 25.6 to 13.6 and the total nitrogen was increased from 1.89% to 3.36% in pile 1. The dominant bacteria identified in the compost samples belonged to the genera Clostridium, Bacillus, and Flavobacterium. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated that the most commonly known pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Shigella, and Salmonella, were not detected in the finished material, indicating that the pathogenic microorganisms were inactivated by the composting process. Agronomic testing for cured compost indicated a C:N ratio of less than 15 and NH+4-N:NO3−-N ratio of less than 1. The whole process of windrow composting resulted in net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 157.94 tCO2-e and a global warming factor (GWF) of 1.04 tCO2-e·t−1 manure composted. This study showed that although bioaugmentation is a feasible treatment method for manure, GHG emissions need to be monitored.
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18
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Cruz AG, Mtz-Enríquez AI, Díaz-Jiménez L, Ramos-González R, Valdés JAA, Flores MEC, Martínez JLH, Ilyina A. Production of fatty acid methyl esters and bioactive compounds from citrus wax. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 102:48-55. [PMID: 31669674 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Citrus wax is a waste generated during the purification process of the citrus essential oil. A lot of citrus wax wastes are globally produced, despite this, its composition and properties are not well known. Here we present comprehensive results proving the chemical composition and the physical properties of citrus wax. Additionally, our study provides the basis for obtaining value-added products from citrus wax wastes. The qualitative/quantitative analysis revealed the presence of different compounds, which range from flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, unsaturated compounds, phenolic hydroxyls, and long-chain fatty acid esters. Given that citrus wax is a source of many bioactive compounds, they were preferably extracted with ethanol. The ethanolic extracts demonstrated the presence in citrus wax of different bioactives, such as 5-5'-dehydrodiferulic acid, 3,7-dimethylquercetin, 5,6-dihydroxy-7,8,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone, tangeretin, and limonene. After the extraction of bioactives from citrus wax, a washed waxy material with high content of long-chain fatty acid esters was obtained. It was shown that this washed wax can be used for the production of biodiesel. The transesterification reactions in acid media was the preferred process because higher content of fatty acid methyl esters (such as hexadecanoic acid methyl ester and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester) were obtained. Currently, citrus wax does not have any industrial application, here we shown that under the concept of waste biorefinery, the citrus wax wastes are useful sources for producing value-added products such as bioactive compounds and biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel García Cruz
- Research Group of NanoBioscience, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Arturo I Mtz-Enríquez
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-Saltillo, 25900 Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Díaz-Jiménez
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-Saltillo, 25900 Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Alberto Ascacio Valdés
- Research Group of Bioprocesses and Bioproducts, School of Chemistry. Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Martha E Castañeda Flores
- Research Group of Polymers, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - José Luis Hernández Martínez
- Research Group of NanoBioscience, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Anna Ilyina
- Research Group of NanoBioscience, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
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19
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Martínez-Sabater E, García-Muñoz M, Bonete P, Rodriguez M, Sánchez-García FB, Pérez-Murcia MD, Bustamante MA, López-Lluch DB, Moral R. Comprehensive management of dog faeces: Composting versus anaerobic digestion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109437. [PMID: 31473397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the possibilities to manage and recycle dog faeces (DF) using biological processes, using two approaches: composting (C) and anaerobic digestion (AD). Thus, different experiments have been carried out: i) two laboratory/pilot scale experiments (self-heating and composting tests) and one, on a commercial scale; ii) two AD experiments. In both approaches, municipal waste such as the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OMSW) and urban pruning waste (GW) were used as co-substrates. The results obtained regarding the optimization of the composting process indicated that the best strategy was the use of a 1:2 ratio of DF, a 1:4 ratio of OMSW, and a 1:4 ratio of GW, according to the thermal parameters studied (temperature and cumulative quadratic exothermic index (EXI2)), and the quality of the compost obtained. A potentially limiting factor of the process was the high salinity of the DF waste. In addition, AD experiments were performed on DF, OMSW, and GW wastes in controlled anaerobic systems at a laboratory scale. In these experiments, the biogas production obtained was 229 mL biogas/g total solids for the DF residue, 248 mL biogas/g total solids for GW, and 263 mL biogas/g total solids for OMSW. The co-digestion yields a clear improvement in the efficiency of the process against the use of a single residue, increasing the production of biogas by up to 27% with respect to that of the DF waste alone during the first 25 days of AD. The results obtained with these procedures have shown the possibilities to add value to this waste in an urban context where the circular economy represents an increasingly favourable scenario, including the generation of fertilisers and/or energy at a local scale, provided that the collection of dog faeces is optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martínez-Sabater
- Dept. of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, Orihuela, Alicante, 03312, Spain
| | - M García-Muñoz
- Gestión de Residuos Manchegos S.L., Av. Constitución 142, 45710-Madridejos, Toledo, Spain
| | - P Bonete
- Dpto. Química Física, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, Alicante, E-0308C0, Spain
| | - M Rodriguez
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, Alicante, E-03080, Spain
| | - F B Sánchez-García
- Dept. of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, Orihuela, Alicante, 03312, Spain
| | - M D Pérez-Murcia
- Dept. of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, Orihuela, Alicante, 03312, Spain
| | - M A Bustamante
- Dept. of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, Orihuela, Alicante, 03312, Spain.
| | - D B López-Lluch
- Dept. of Agrienvironmental Economics, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Spain
| | - R Moral
- Dept. of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, Orihuela, Alicante, 03312, Spain
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20
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Niedzialkoski RK, de Mendonça Costa MSS, de Mendonça Costa LA, Dos Santos Tonial LM, Damaceno FM, Francisconi Lorin HE, Bofinger J, Chiarelotto M. Combining pre-treatment strategies for broilers industry waste valorization. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02351. [PMID: 31485533 PMCID: PMC6716978 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
aiming at expanding the possibilities for broiler slaughter wastes valorization, composting piles were submitted, at different time points (T0, T10, T20, T30 and Control) representing the treatments, to a solid-liquid fraction separation (FS), after being submerged in water (2:1, water:compost, in the fresh weight). After FS, solid material separated with a strain was again placed in piles for the final stage of composting, being evaluated the organic composts obtained after the stabilization phase (65 days) and maturation (95 days), in the different treatments. Reductions in mass (60–62%) and volume (56–64%) were greater in piles submitted to FS in comparison to control piles (52% and 54%). On the other hand, the FS induced greater losses of C (70.3–71.3%), N (55–62%), P (41.7–54.4%) and K (62.3–72.1%) in comparison to the control (65.2%, 48.0%, 28.1%, and 37.6%, respectively). We conclude that, as a way of integrating bioprocesses, FS does not have negative effects on the composting process. Moreover, compost mixtures from FS-treated piles, when used as substrate, yield better seedlings in comparison to mixtures from control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Krauss Niedzialkoski
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, Cascavel, Parana, 85.819-110, Brazil
| | - Monica Sarolli Silva de Mendonça Costa
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, Cascavel, Parana, 85.819-110, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio de Mendonça Costa
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, Cascavel, Parana, 85.819-110, Brazil
| | | | - Felippe Martins Damaceno
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, Cascavel, Parana, 85.819-110, Brazil
| | - Higor E Francisconi Lorin
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, Cascavel, Parana, 85.819-110, Brazil
| | - Jakson Bofinger
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, Cascavel, Parana, 85.819-110, Brazil
| | - Maico Chiarelotto
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, Cascavel, Parana, 85.819-110, Brazil
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21
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Chiarelotto M, Damaceno FM, Lorin HEF, Tonial LMS, de Mendonça Costa LA, Bustamante MA, Moral R, Marhuenda-Egea FC, Costa MSSM. Reducing the composting time of broiler agro-industrial wastes: The effect of process monitoring parameters and agronomic quality. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 96:25-35. [PMID: 31376967 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of considering different composting times on compost quality before the end of the bio-oxidative phase and after the maturation and storage phases. This study may provide useful information to optimize the composting process and increase the economic feasibility of the technology and its adoption without decreasing the quality of the end-product. In this study, three composts were prepared using chicken meat processing wastes mixed with urban tree trimmings, serving as a bulking agent, to evaluate the effect of reducing the durations of the bio-oxidative phase and the maturity stage on the different physico-chemical properties. Specifically, we evaluate water-soluble organic matter transformations by using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. The obtained results have shown that a composting time of 35 days combined with eight turnings was efficient for achieving the standard process control parameters for agro-industrial waste composting in the studied conditions and allowed for the production of stable and mature compost that is suitable for agricultural use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chiarelotto
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation - RHESA, Western Parana State University - UNIOESTE, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program - PGEAGRI, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - F M Damaceno
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation - RHESA, Western Parana State University - UNIOESTE, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program - PGEAGRI, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - H E F Lorin
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation - RHESA, Western Parana State University - UNIOESTE, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program - PGEAGRI, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - L M S Tonial
- Academic Department of Chemistry, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil
| | - L A de Mendonça Costa
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation - RHESA, Western Parana State University - UNIOESTE, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program - PGEAGRI, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - M A Bustamante
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, ctra Beniel Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain.
| | - R Moral
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, ctra Beniel Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain.
| | - F C Marhuenda-Egea
- Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alicante, P.O.Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - M S S M Costa
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation - RHESA, Western Parana State University - UNIOESTE, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program - PGEAGRI, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil.
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22
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Lopes IG, de Souza LF, da Cruz MCP, Vidotti RM. Composting as a strategy to recycle aquatic animal waste: Case study of a research centre in São Paulo State, Brazil. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2019; 37:590-600. [PMID: 30795732 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x19830170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is a fast-growing activity in Brazil and around the world, which generates large amounts of waste from fingerling production to the final consumer. Among several possibilities for the management of these wastes, windrow composting stands out as a simple and low-cost method. In this study, 16 composting piles were assembled with wood shavings and peanut shells and managed according to two methods; one with carcasses recharges and another without. A description of the daily occurrences and management details were made. Temperature and moisture content were monitored and at the end of the decomposition process, and after 60 and 100 days of curing, physic-chemical analysis was performed to assess composts quality. A germination index test was performed to assess composts phytotoxicity. All piles exceeded 55 °C for more than 15 days (with the aid of turnings) and germination indices were above 50% for both lettuce and cress seeds. Total nitrogen concentration among composts varied from 22.1 to 33.2 g kg-1 and carbon:nitrogen ratios were below 20, while pH values were above 6.0 in all composts. Curing composts for 60 and 100 days did not influence any of the physic-chemical characteristics of all composts, so this practice can be dodged, thus avoiding unnecessary land use and increasing production costs. The type of management adopted for carcasses of aquatic animals influenced total and inorganic nitrogen, C/N ratio, organic matter and pH values of the composts, being recommended the recharge of carcasses to improve composts stability and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivã Guidini Lopes
- 1 Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando de Souza
- 1 Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Mara Cristina Pessôa da Cruz
- 2 Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da Unesp, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Rose Meire Vidotti
- 1 Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
- 3 Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Pindorama, SP, Brazil
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Koolivand A, Godini K, Saeedi R, Abtahi H, Ghamari F. Oily sludge biodegradation using a new two-phase composting method: Kinetics studies and effect of aeration rate and mode. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Luo Y, Liang J, Zeng G, Chen M, Mo D, Li G, Zhang D. Seed germination test for toxicity evaluation of compost: Its roles, problems and prospects. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 71:109-114. [PMID: 29030118 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Compost is commonly used for the growth of plants and the remediation of environmental pollution. It is important to evaluate the quality of compost and seed germination test is a powerful tool to examine the toxicity of compost, which is the most important aspect of the quality. Now the test is widely adopted, but the main problem is that the test results vary with different methods and seed species, which limits the development and application of it. The standardization of methods and the modelization of seeds can contribute to solving the problem. Additionally, according to the probabilistic theory of seed germination, the error caused by the analysis and judgment methods of the test results can be reduced. Here, we reviewed the roles, problems and prospects of the seed germination test in the studies of compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Dan Mo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, China
| | - Difang Zhang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, China
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25
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Processing, Valorization and Application of Bio-Waste Derived Compounds from Potato, Tomato, Olive and Cereals: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9081492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Development of organic fertilizers from food market waste and urban gardening by composting in Ecuador. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181621. [PMID: 28727757 PMCID: PMC5519165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the management of urban waste streams in developing countries is not optimized yet, and in many cases these wastes are disposed untreated in open dumps. This fact causes serious environmental and health problems due to the presence of contaminants and pathogens. Frequently, the use of specific low-cost strategies reduces the total amount of wastes. These strategies are mainly associated to the identification, separate collection and composting of specific organic waste streams, such as vegetable and fruit refuses from food markets and urban gardening activities. Concretely, in the Chimborazo Region (Ecuador), more than 80% of municipal solid waste is dumped into environment due to the lack of an efficient waste management strategy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a demonstration project at field scale in this region to evaluate the feasibility of implanting the composting technology not only for the management of the organic waste fluxes from food market and gardening activities to be scaled-up in other developing regions, but also to obtain an end-product with a commercial value as organic fertilizer. Three co-composting mixtures were prepared using market wastes mixed with pruning of trees and ornamental palms as bulking agents. Two piles were created using different proportions of market waste and prunings of trees and ornamental palms: pile 1 (50:33:17) with a C/N ratio 25; pile 2: (60:30:10) with C/N ratio 24 and pile 3 (75:0:25) with C/N ratio 33), prepared with market waste and prunings of ornamental palm. Throughout the process, the temperature of the mixtures was monitored and organic matter evolution was determined using thermogravimetric and chemical techniques. Additionally, physico-chemical, chemical and agronomic parameters were determined to evaluate compost quality. The results obtained indicated that all the piles showed a suitable development of the composting process, with a significant organic matter decomposition, reached in a shorter period of time in pile 3. At the end of the process, all the composts showed absence of phytotoxicity and suitable agronomic properties for their use as organic fertilizers. This reflects the viability of the proposed alternative to be scaled-up in developing areas, not only to manage and recycle urban waste fluxes, but also to obtain organic fertilizers, including added value in economic terms related to nutrient contents.
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Gavilanes-Terán I, Jara-Samaniego J, Idrovo-Novillo J, Bustamante MA, Pérez-Murcia MD, Pérez-Espinosa A, López M, Paredes C. Agroindustrial compost as a peat alternative in the horticultural industry of Ecuador. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 186:79-87. [PMID: 27815007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work was conducted in order to investigate the possibility of using different agroindustrial composts in the production of horticultural seedlings, thereby replacing part of the peat in the growing media. Three vegetable species differing in salt sensitivity - tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. Malpica) (the least sensitive), courgette (Cucurbita pepo L. var. Mastil F1) (moderately sensitive) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. Largo de Reus Pairal) (the most sensitive) - were grown in nine media containing three composts, prepared by co-composting vegetable waste (flower, broccoli or tomato waste) with laying hen manure and sawdust, as well as peat in various ratios. The proportions of the three composts in the mixtures elaborated with peat were 25%, 50% and 75% (v/v). A substrate of 100% peat was used as control. The experiment was arranged in a completely-randomised design, with two replicates per treatment, under greenhouse conditions. Prior to sowing, some physical, physico-chemical and chemical properties of the growing media were determined and the seed germination and fresh and dry weights of the aerial parts and roots of the seedlings were also measured, as well as the mineral composition of the aerial parts of the plants. In most cases, the addition of compost to the growing media produced an increase in the pH, salt content and macronutrient concentrations, in comparison to peat, whereas the physical properties of the compost based-substrates had values very similar to those of an ideal substrate. Also, multivariate analysis showed that the media prepared with flower waste compost, at all concentrations, and the medium with tomato waste compost at 25% were the most suitable substrates for the three plant species tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gavilanes-Terán
- Faculty of Science, Polytechnic School of Chimborazo, EC060155, Riobamba Chimborazo, Ecuador
| | - Janneth Jara-Samaniego
- Faculty of Science, Polytechnic School of Chimborazo, EC060155, Riobamba Chimborazo, Ecuador
| | - Julio Idrovo-Novillo
- Faculty of Science, Polytechnic School of Chimborazo, EC060155, Riobamba Chimborazo, Ecuador
| | - Ma Angeles Bustamante
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra Beniel Km. 3.2, 03312, Orihuela Alicante, Spain
| | - Ma Dolores Pérez-Murcia
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra Beniel Km. 3.2, 03312, Orihuela Alicante, Spain
| | - Aurelia Pérez-Espinosa
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra Beniel Km. 3.2, 03312, Orihuela Alicante, Spain
| | - Marga López
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, C/ Jordi Girona, 31, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Concepción Paredes
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra Beniel Km. 3.2, 03312, Orihuela Alicante, Spain.
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