1
|
Tran HT, Binh QA, Van Tung T, Pham DT, Hoang HG, Hai Nguyen NS, Xie S, Zhang T, Mukherjee S, Bolan NS. A critical review on characterization, human health risk assessment and mitigation of malodorous gaseous emission during the composting process. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124115. [PMID: 38718963 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Composting has emerged as a suitable method to convert or transform organic waste including manure, green waste, and food waste into valuable products with several advantages, such as high efficiency, cost feasibility, and being environmentally friendly. However, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), mainly malodorous gases, are the major concern and challenges to overcome in facilitating composting. Ammonia (NH3) and volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), including hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and methyl mercaptan (CH4S), primarily contributed to the malodorous gases emission during the entire composting process due to their low olfactory threshold. These compounds are mainly emitted at the thermophilic phase, accounting for over 70% of total gas emissions during the whole process, whereas methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are commonly detected during the mesophilic and cooling phases. Therefore, the human health risk assessment of malodorous gases using various indexes such as ECi (maximum exposure concentration for an individual volatile compound EC), HR (non-carcinogenic risk), and CR (carcinogenic risk) has been evaluated and discussed. Also, several strategies such as maintaining optimal operating conditions, and adding bulking agents and additives (e.g., biochar and zeolite) to reduce malodorous emissions have been pointed out and highlighted. Biochar has specific adsorption properties such as high surface area and high porosity and contains various functional groups that can adsorb up to 60%-70% of malodorous gases emitted from composting. Notably, biofiltration emerged as a resilient and cost-effective technique, achieving up to 90% reduction in malodorous gases at the end-of-pipe. This study offers a comprehensive insight into the characterization of malodorous emissions during composting. Additionally, it emphasizes the need to address these issues on a larger scale and provides a promising outlook for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Tuan Tran
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Management, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Quach An Binh
- Advanced Applied Sciences Research Group, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Technology, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa City, Viet Nam
| | - Tra Van Tung
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Duy Toan Pham
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Hong-Giang Hoang
- Faculty of Technology, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa City, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc Son Hai Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF), Thai Nguyen, 23000, Viet Nam
| | - Shiyu Xie
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- School of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang F, Pan T, Fu D, Fotidis IA, Moulogianni C, Yan Y, Singh RP. Pilot-scale membrane-covered composting of food waste: Initial moisture, mature compost addition, aeration time and rate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171797. [PMID: 38513870 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The impact of different operational parameters on the composting efficiency and compost quality during pilot-scale membrane-covered composting (MCC) of food waste (FW) was evaluated. Four factors were assessed in an orthogonal experiment at three different levels: initial mixture moisture (IMM, 55 %, 60 %, and 65 %), aeration time (AT, 6, 9, and 12 h/d), aeration rate (AR, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 m3/h) and mature compost addition ratio (MC, 2 %, 4 %, and 6 %). Results indicated that 55 % IMM, 6 h/d AT, 0.4 m3/h AR, and 4 % MC addition ratio simultaneously provided the compost with the maximum cumulative temperature and the minimum moisture. It was shown that the IMM was the driving factor of this optimum composting process. On contrary, the optimal parameters for reducing carbon and nitrogen loss were 65 % IMM, 6 h/d AT, 0.4 m3/h AR, and 2 % MC addition ratio. The AR had the most influence on reducing carbon and nitrogen losses compared to all other factors. The optimal conditions for compost maturity were 55 % IMM, 9 h/d AT, 0.2 m3/h AR, and 6 % MC addition ratio. The primary element influencing the pH and electrical conductivity values was the AR, while the germination index was influenced by IMM. Protein was the main organic matter limiting the composting efficiency. The results of this study will provide guidance for the promotion and application of food waste MCC technology, and contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in MCC for organic solid waste treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Ting Pan
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Dafang Fu
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Ioannis A Fotidis
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Department of Environment, Ionian University, 29100 Zakynthos, Greece
| | | | - Yixin Yan
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lyu Q, Feng Z, Liu Y, Wang J, Xu L, Tian X, Yan Z, Ji G. Analysis of latrine fecal odor release pattern and the deodorization with composited microbial agent. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 178:371-384. [PMID: 38432182 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
As an important source of malodor, the odor gases emitted from public toilet significantly interfered the air quality of living surroundings, resulting in environmental problem which received little attention before. Thus, this paper explored the odor release pattern of latrine feces and deodorization effect with composited microbial agent in Chengdu, China. The odor release rules were investigated in sealed installations with a working volume of 9 L for 20 days. The odor units (OU), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were selected to assess the release of malodorous gases under different temperature and humidity, while the highest malodor release was observed under 45℃, with OU and TVOC concentration was 643.91 ± 2.49 and 7767.33 ± 33.50 mg/m3, respectively. Microbes with deodorization ability were screened and mixed into an agent, which composited of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecalis and Pichia fermentans. The addition of microbial deodorant could significantly suppress the release of malodor gas during a 20-day trial, and the removal efficiency of NH3, H2S, TVOC and OU was 81.50 %, 38.31 %, 64.38 %, and 76.86 %, respectively. The analysis of microbial community structure showed that temperature was the main environmental factor driving the microbial variations in latrine feces, while Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the main bacteria phyla involved in the formation and emission of malodorous gases. However, after adding the deodorant, the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were decreased, while the abundance of Firmicutes was increased. Furthermore, P. fermentans successfully colonized in fecal substrates and became the dominant fungus after deodorization. These results expanded the understanding of the odor release from latrine feces, and the composited microbial deodorant provided a valuable basis to the management of odor pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Lyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhaozhuo Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jialing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lishan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xueping Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiying Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gaosheng Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cai R, Li R, Cao X, Xu C. Available sulfur and phosphorus transformation mechanism and functional microorganisms during sheep manure composting on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under two moisture contents. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130191. [PMID: 38081470 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of sulfur and phosphorus transformation during composting is important for improving compost fertility. This study aims to investigate the microbial mechanism of available sulfur and phosphorus transformation during sheep manure composting under different moisture contents (45%: M45 and 60%: M60) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using metagenomics technology. The results showed that the final available sulfur and phosphorus contents of M45 were 11% and 13% higher than those of M60, respectively. M45 enhanced sulfur oxidation, sulfate reduction, and thiosulfate disproportionation. These steps were significantly positively correlated with available sulfur, and Pseudomonas, Thermobifida, Luteimonas, Brevibacterium, Planifilum, and Xinfangfangia were the main participants. Available phosphorus was significantly positively correlated with polyphosphate degradation and inorganic P solubilization, and the main participants in these steps were Luteimonas, Brachybacterium, Corynebacterium, Jeotgalicoccus, Microbacterium, Streptomyces, and Pseudoxanthomonas. These findings reveal the microbial mechanisms of available and phosphorus transformation during composting at two moisture contents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cai
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei Province 430074, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- College of Environment and Life Sciences, Weinan Normal University, Weinan, Shaanxi Province 714099, China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chuncheng Xu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Choi W, Lee W, Kim K. Odor generation pattern of swine manure according to the processing form of feed. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:219-231. [PMID: 38618038 PMCID: PMC11007460 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Feed has a great influence on the composition of swine manure, which is the principal cause of odor. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to simply change the shape of pig feed and control calories to find a suitable feed form for reducing the smell of swine manure. The experiment was conducted on 15 pigs from July to August 2021, and a total of three measurements were done. Three types of feed were evaluated in this study. The analysis items related to odor of swine manure are complex odor, ammonia, sulfur-based odors, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the case of complex odor, dilution multiples tended to decrease over time, except for type A feed. The concentration of ammonia in all types of feed decreased over time. Most sulfur-based odorous substances except hydrogen sulfide at the first measurement were not detected. Representatively, Decane, 2,6-Dimethylnonane, and 1-Methyl-3-propylcycolhexane were detected in VOCs generated from swine manure. The major odorous substansces in swine manure have changed from ammonia and sulfur compounds to VOCs. In order to reduce the odor caused by swine manure, it is ad-vantageous to use low-calorie feed consisting of pellet-type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Choi
- Graduate School of Safety Engineering,
Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul
01811, Korea
| | - Wooje Lee
- Graduate School of Safety Engineering,
Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul
01811, Korea
| | - Kiyoun Kim
- Graduate School of Safety Engineering,
Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul
01811, Korea
- Department of Safety Engineering, Seoul
National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ullah S, McKee ML, Samokhvalov A. A zinc-containing porphyrin aluminum MOF in sorption of diethyl sulfide vapor: mechanistic experimental and computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:31884-31897. [PMID: 37971379 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03779g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
We report a mechanistic study of the interactions in the sorption of volatile organic sulfur compound (VOSC) diethyl sulfide (DES) by zinc porphyrin aluminum MOF (actAl-MOF-TCPPZn) compound 3. First, interactions were studied under dynamic conditions with the vapor of DES in flowing air, using in situ time-dependent ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in a controlled atmosphere with a new facile spectroscopic mini-chamber. The first binding site includes μ(O-H) and COO- groups as detected by characteristic peak shifts. Control experiments with a model compound, which lacks porosity and these groups, show no peak shifts. An additional insight was obtained by DFT computations using small clusters. The kinetics of sorption of DES by compound 3 is of the Langmuir adsorption model and pseudo-first order with rate constant robs = 0.442 ± 0.056 min-1. Sorption of DES under static conditions in saturated vapor results in stoichiometric adsorption complex [Al-MOF-TCPPZn]1(DES)4 characterized by spectroscopic, structural and gravimetric methods; the adsorbed amount is very high (381 mg g-1 sorbent). The repetitive sorption and desorption of DES are conducted, with facile regeneration. Finally, the mechanistic details were determined by Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy using a confocal Raman microscope. Photoexcitation of compound 3 at 405 nm into the Soret band of the metalloporphyrin linker shows the characteristic PL peaks of Q-bands: the purely electronic Q(0-0) and first vibronic Q(0-1) bands. Upon interaction with DES, preferential quenching of PL from the Q(0-0) band occurs with a significant increase of the signal of the vibronic Q(0-1) band, reflecting bonding to the metalloporphyrin ring. Compound 3 is of interest to mechanistic studies of VOSCs, their removal from air, and optical chemo-sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaheed Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA.
| | - Michael L McKee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Alexander Samokhvalov
- Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ullah S, McKee ML, Samokhvalov A. Interaction of a Porphyrin Aluminum Metal-Organic Framework with Volatile Organic Sulfur Compound Diethyl Sulfide Studied via In Situ and Ex Situ Experiments and DFT Computations. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2916. [PMID: 37999269 PMCID: PMC10675828 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The study presents complementary experiments and quantum chemical DFT computations to reveal the molecular-level interactions of an advanced nanomaterial, porphyrin aluminum metal-organic framework (compound 2), with the volatile organic sulfur compound diethyl sulfide (DES). First, the intermolecular host-guest interactions during the sorption of DES were explored under dynamic conditions, using the vapor of DES in flowing air. The in situ time-dependent ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in a controlled atmosphere was significantly improved though the use of a new facilely built spectroscopic mini-chamber. The binding site of DES in compound 2 involves the μ(O-H) and COO- groups of the linker of the sorbent. Further, the chemical kinetics of the sorption of DES was investigated, and it follows the Langmuir adsorption kinetic model. That is, depending on the time interval, the process obeys either the pseudo-first- or pseudo-second-order rate law. For the Langmuir adsorption of the pseudo-first order, the rate constant is robs = 0.165 ± 0.017 min-1. Next, the interaction of compound 2 with the saturated vapor of DES yields the adsorption complex compound 3 [Al-MOF-TCPPH2]2(DES)7. The adsorbed amount of DES is very large at 36.5 wt.% or 365 mg/g sorbent, one of the highest values reported on any sorbent. The molecular modes of bonding of DES in the complex were investigated through quantum chemical DFT computations. The adsorption complex was facilely regenerated by gentle heating. The advanced functional material in this work has significant potential in the environmental remediation of diethyl sulfide and related volatile organic sulfur compounds in air, and it is an interesting target of mechanistic studies of sorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaheed Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | - Michael L. McKee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Alexander Samokhvalov
- Department of Chemistry, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahmed T, Noman M, Qi Y, Shahid M, Hussain S, Masood HA, Xu L, Ali HM, Negm S, El-Kott AF, Yao Y, Qi X, Li B. Fertilization of Microbial Composts: A Technology for Improving Stress Resilience in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3550. [PMID: 37896014 PMCID: PMC10609736 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Microbial compost plays a crucial role in improving soil health, soil fertility, and plant biomass. These biofertilizers, based on microorganisms, offer numerous benefits such as enhanced nutrient acquisition (N, P, and K), production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and control of pathogens through induced systematic resistance. Additionally, they promote the production of phytohormones, siderophore, vitamins, protective enzymes, and antibiotics, further contributing to soil sustainability and optimal agricultural productivity. The escalating generation of organic waste from farm operations poses significant threats to the environment and soil fertility. Simultaneously, the excessive utilization of chemical fertilizers to achieve high crop yields results in detrimental impacts on soil structure and fertility. To address these challenges, a sustainable agriculture system that ensures enhanced soil fertility and minimal ecological impact is imperative. Microbial composts, developed by incorporating characterized plant-growth-promoting bacteria or fungal strains into compost derived from agricultural waste, offer a promising solution. These biofertilizers, with selected microbial strains capable of thriving in compost, offer an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative for agricultural practices. In this review article, we explore the potential of microbial composts as a viable strategy for improving plant growth and environmental safety. By harnessing the benefits of microorganisms in compost, we can pave the way for sustainable agriculture and foster a healthier relationship between soil, plants, and the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Temoor Ahmed
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China; (T.A.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Muhammad Noman
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Yetong Qi
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China; (T.A.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Sabir Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Hafiza Ayesha Masood
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
| | - Lihui Xu
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China;
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sally Negm
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and Art Mahyel Aseer, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Attalla F. El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanlai Yao
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China; (T.A.)
| | - Xingjiang Qi
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China; (T.A.)
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deng Z, Geng X, Shi M, Chen X, Wei Z. Effect of different moisture contents on hydrogen sulfide malodorous gas emission during composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 380:129093. [PMID: 37100296 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The sulfate reduction reaction releases malodorous gases (H2S) during composting, with potential pollution risks to the environment. In this study, chicken manure (CM) with high sulfur content and beef cattle manure (BM) with low sulfur content were used to investigate the effect of control (CK) and low moisture content (LW) on sulfur metabolism. The results showed that compared to CK composting, the cumulative H2S emission of CM and BM composting decreased by 27.27% and 21.08% under LW condition, respectively. Meanwhile, the abundance of core microorganisms related to sulfur components was reduced under LW condition. Furthermore, the KEGG sulfur pathway and network analysis suggested that LW composting weakened the sulfate reduction pathway, and reduced the number and abundance of functional microorganisms and genes. These results indicated that low moisture content had important effects on inhibiting the release of H2S during composting, which provided a scientific basis to control environmental pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Deng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xinyu Geng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mingzi Shi
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li H, Li X, Zhang D, Xu Y. Addition of exogenous microbial agents increases hydrogen sulfide emissions during aerobic composting of kitchen waste by improving bio-synergistic effects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129334. [PMID: 37328014 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The effect of microbial agents (MA) on hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions in the compost is still a controversial issue. This study examined the effects and microbial mechanisms of MA on H2S emissions during the composting of kitchen waste. The results showed that MA addition can promote sulfur conversion to elevate H2S emissions by approximately 1.6 ∼ 2.8 times. Structural equations demonstrated that microbial community structure was the dominant driver on H2S emissions. Agents reshaped the compost microbiome, showing more microorganisms participated in sulfur conversion, and enhanced the connection between microorganisms and functional genes. The relative abundance of keystone species associated with H2S emissions increased after adding MA. Particularly, the sulfite and sulfate reduction processes were intensified, as evidenced by an increasing in the abundance and pathways cooperation of sat and asrA after MA addition. The outcome provides deeper insights into MA on regulating the mitigation of H2S emissions in compost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houyu Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zeng J, Michel FC, Huang G. Comparison and Evaluation of GHG Emissions during Simulated Thermophilic Composting of Different Municipal and Agricultural Feedstocks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3002. [PMID: 36833698 PMCID: PMC9961834 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Composting is widely used to recycle a variety of different organic wastes. In this study, dairy manure, chicken litter, biosolids, yard trimmings and food waste were selected as representative municipal and agricultural feedstocks and composted in simulated thermophilic composting reactors to compare and evaluate the GHG emissions. The results showed that the highest cumulative emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O were observed during yard trimmings composting (659.14 g CO2 kg-1 DM), food waste composting (3308.85 mg CH4 kg-1 DM) and chicken litter composting (1203.92 mg N2O kg-1 DM), respectively. The majority of the carbon was lost in the form of CO2. The highest carbon loss by CO2 and CH4 emissions and the highest nitrogen loss by N2O emission occurred in dairy manure (41.41%), food waste (0.55%) and chicken litter composting (3.13%), respectively. The total GHG emission equivalent was highest during food waste composting (365.28 kg CO2-eq ton-1 DM) which generated the highest CH4 emission and second highest N2O emissions, followed by chicken litter composting (341.27 kg CO2-eq ton-1 DM), which had the highest N2O emissions. The results indicated that accounting for GHG emissions from composting processes when it is being considered as a sustainable waste management practice was of great importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Zeng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, CFAES Wooster, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Frederick C. Michel
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, CFAES Wooster, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Guangqun Huang
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tang R, Liu Y, Ma R, Zhang L, Li Y, Li G, Lin J, Li Q, Yuan J. Effect of moisture content, aeration rate, and C/N on maturity and gaseous emissions during kitchen waste rapid composting. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116662. [PMID: 36347216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To determine factors affecting compost maturity and gaseous emissions during the rapid composting of kitchen waste, an orthogonal test was conducted with three factors: moisture content (MC) (55%, 60%, 65%), aeration rate (AR) (0.3,0.6 and 0.9 L·kg-1DM·min-1) and C/N ratio (21, 24, 27). The results showed that the importance of factors affecting compost maturity was: C/N > AR > MC, optimal conditions were: C/N of 24, AR of 0.3 L·kg-1DM·min-1and MC of 65%. For gaseous emissions, the sequence of essential factors affecting NH3 emissions was: C/N > MC > AR, and the optimal parameters for NH3 reduction were: C/N of 27, MC of 65%, and AR of L·kg-1DM·min-1. The important factors affecting N2O and H2S emissions are both: MC > C/N > AR, while their best parameters were different. The optimal parameters for N2O emission reduction were MC of 60%, AR of 0.3 L·kg-1DM·min-1 and C/N of 24, while these for H2S were MC of 55%, AR of 0.3 L·kg-1DM·min-1 and C/N of 21. The C/N mainly affected the compost maturity and AR further affected the maturity and pollutant gas emissions by influencing the temperature and O2 content. Considering comprehensively the maturity and gaseous reduction, the optimal control parameters were: MC of 60%-65%, AR of L·kg-1DM·min-1, and C/N of 24-27.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruonan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lanxia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanming Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Wuzhong District, Suzhou, 215128, China
| | - Jiacong Lin
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Qinfen Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Wuzhong District, Suzhou, 215128, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li D, Yuan J, Ding J, Wang H, Shen Y, Li G. Effects of carbon/nitrogen ratio and aeration rate on the sheep manure composting process and associated gaseous emissions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116093. [PMID: 36095985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There are several issues such as low maturity degree of compost product and severe pollution gas emissions during the composting process. Carbon/Nitrogen (C/N) ratio and aeration rate (AR) are the most important factors affecting the composting performance. According to the results of previous studies, the proper C/N ratio and AR were 20-30:1 and 0.1-0.4 L kg-1 DM·min-1, respectively. Therefore, a lab-scale experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of C/N ratio and AR on sheep manure composting process and associated gaseous emissions. The initial C/N ratio in this experiment were set at 23, 26 and 29 to simulate the C/N ratio at low, medium and high levels. The AR were decided at 0.12, 0.24 and 0.36 L kg-1 DM·min-1 to simulate the aeration at low, middle and high levels. The results showed that as the C/N ratio or AR increased, the methane (CH4) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions decreased. The nitrous oxide (N2O) emission peaked at the low C/N ratio or AR treatments. The total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions decreased with the increase of C/N ratio or AR, and the maximum value occurred in the treatment with C/N ratio 23 and AR 0.24 L kg-1 DM·min-1. In the treatment with C/N ratio 26 and AR 0.36 L kg-1 DM·min-1, the GI value of compost product was the highest (about 250%), and the total greenhouse effect was the lowest (2.36 kg CO2-eq·t-1 DM). Therefore, considering reduction of pollution gas emissions and improvement of the quality of compost products comprehensively, the optimum conditions were initial C/N ratio 26 and AR 0.36 L kg-1 DM·min-1 during the co-composting of sheep manure and cornstalks. In addition, the key physicochemical factors and eight key bacterial communities were determined to regulate compost maturity and pollution gas emissions during the sheep manure composting, which could provide scientific support and theoretical reference for controlling pollution gas emissions and obtaining high quality sheep manure compost products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100125, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingtao Ding
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100125, China.
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang S, Zhong B, An X, Han Y, Xiao X, Zhang Q. Effect of moisture content on the evolution of bacterial communities and organic matter degradation during bioaugmented biogas residues composting. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:1. [PMID: 36344669 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Composting is an excellent way to recycle biogas residues into a stable, non-toxic agricultural end product. In this study, the dynamic changes of physical-chemical parameters and bacterial community in three groups of bioaugmentation composting systems at different moisture contents (MC) of 50% (MC50), 60% (MC60) and 70% (MC70) were monitored. The differences of bacterial communities in composts with different initial MC were compared, and the interaction between biological and non-biological parameters was also explored. The results revealed that after 30 days of composting, the biogas residues compost in MC60 reached highest temperature of 64 °C, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) of 2%, seed germination index (GI) of 110%, and the longest thermophilic period duration of 5 days (55 °C). Additionally, the result of high-throughput sequencing showed that the diversity of bacterial communities in MC60 was the highest, and the abundance of Actinobacteria (16.93-52.63%), Firmicutes (8.71-56.75%), and Proteobacteria (16.88-46.95%) in all groups were the highest at phylum level. The LEfSe analysis indicated that the abundance of Ochrobactrum and Cellulomonadaceae in MC60 was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than with other treatments. Moreover, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated thermophilic period duration is significantly (p < 0.05) positively correlated with Paenibacillus. Besides, it was found the relative abundance of Nocardiopsis and Georgenia has a significant (p < 0.01) correlation with the fertilizer efficiency of compost. These results showed that controlling the initial moisture content at 60% can improve the maturity and fertilizer efficiency of compost, and enable the bacteria beneficial to composting to gain the advantage of proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhong
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao An
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Han
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshuang Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Qi YP, He PJ, Lan DY, Xian HY, Lü F, Zhang H. Rapid determination of moisture content of multi-source solid waste using ATR-FTIR and multiple machine learning methods. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 153:20-30. [PMID: 36041267 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid determination of moisture content plays an important role in guiding the recycling, treatment and disposal of solid waste, as the moisture content of solid waste directly affects the leachate generation, microbial activities, pollutants leaching and energy consumption during thermal treatment. Traditional moisture content measurement methods are time-consuming, cumbersome and destructive to samples. Therefore, a rapid and nondestructive method for determining the moisture content of solid waste has become a key technology. In this work, an attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and multiple machine learning methods was developed to predict the moisture content of multi-source solid waste (textile, paper, leather and wood waste). A combined model was proposed for moisture content regression prediction, and the applicability of 20 combinations of five spectral preprocessing methods and four regression algorithms were discussed to further improve the modeling accuracy. Furthermore, the prediction result based on the water-band spectra was compared with the prediction result based on the full-band spectra. The result showed that the combination model can efficiently predict the moisture content of multi-source solid waste, and the R2 values of the validation and test datasets and the root mean square error for the moisture prediction reached 0.9604, 0.9660, and 3.80, respectively after the hyperparameter optimization. The excellent performance indicated that the proposed combined models can rapidly and accurately measure the moisture content of solid waste, which is significant for the existing waste characterization scheme, and for the further real-time monitoring and management of solid waste treatment and disposal process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Qi
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pin-Jing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dong-Ying Lan
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hao-Yang Xian
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fan Lü
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gao X, Yang F, Cheng J, Xu Z, Zang B, Li G, Xie X, Luo W. Emission of volatile sulphur compounds during swine manure composting: Source identification, odour mitigation and assessment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 153:129-137. [PMID: 36088860 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the sources of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) and evaluate their mitigation by ferric oxide (Fe2O3) during swine manure composting. Four chemicals, including l-cysteine, l-methionine, sodium sulphite, and sodium sulphate, were further added to simulate organic and inorganic sulphur-containing substances in swine manure to track VSC sources during composting. Results show that sulphur simulants induced the emission of six common VSCs, including methyl sulphide (Me2S), dimethyl sulphide (Me2SS), carbonyl sulphide (COS), carbon disulphide (CS2), methyl mercaptan (MeSH), and ethyl mercaptan (EtSH), during swine manure composting. Of them, COS, CS2, MeSH and Me2SS were predominantly contributed by the biodegradation of methionine and cysteine, while Me2S and EtSH were dominated by the reduction of sulphite and sulphate. Further Fe2O3 addition at 1.5 % of total wet weight of composting materials immobilized elemental sulphur and inhibited sulphate reduction to reduce the emission of VSCs by 46.7-80.9 %. Furthermore, odour assessment indicated that adding Fe2O3 into composting piles significantly reduced the odour intensity level to below 4, the odour value of VSCs by 47.1-81.3 %, and thus the non-carcinogenic risk by 68.4 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingzu Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feiyu Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingwen Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhicheng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bing Zang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xiaomin Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Wenhai Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li J, Liu X, Li L, Zhu C, Luo L, Qi Y, Tian L, Chen Z, Qi J, Geng B. Performance exploration and microbial dynamics of urine diverting composting toilets in rural China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115964. [PMID: 36007385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing "toilet revolution" in China provides new opportunities to improve the rural living environment and sanitation, and the introduction of new sanitation facilities such as urine diverting composting toilets (UDCTs) is conducive to the effective treatment and resource utilization of feces. This study revealed the degradation performance and microbial community dynamics of UDCTs and clarified the influence mechanism of fecal volume in aerobic composting treatment. The results showed that UDCTs could effectively decompose human feces, with an organic matter degradation rate of 25%⁓30%. The temperature, water content, NH4+-N and nutrient accumulation were higher in the high fecal volume treatment than in the low fecal volume treatment. Bacterial community composition and structure in UDCTs varied with composting stage and fecal volume. The diversity and richness of bacterial community in compost were changed with different fecal volumes, but the dominant groups were similar. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that nitrogen and organic carbon were the main drivers of bacterial community changes during composting. Highly nutritious and non-phytotoxic compost products were suitable for agronomic uses. Based on these results, UDCTs can be an effective way to solve the problem of fecal pollution in rural areas, and fecal dosage is a potential influencing factor in the operation and maintenance of composting systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xue Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Luyao Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Changxiong Zhu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Liangguo Luo
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yuanyi Qi
- Zhangye Lanbiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhangye, Gansu, 734000, PR China
| | - Lan Tian
- Zhangye Lanbiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhangye, Gansu, 734000, PR China
| | - Zhuobo Chen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Jin Qi
- Zhangye Lanbiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhangye, Gansu, 734000, PR China
| | - Bing Geng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zeng J, Shen X, Yin H, Sun X, Dong H, Huang G. Oxygen dynamics, organic matter degradation and main gas emissions during pig manure composting: Effect of intermittent aeration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127697. [PMID: 35905876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of intermittent aeration on oxygen dynamics, organic matter degradation and main gas emissions, a lab-scale pig manure composting experiment was conducted with intermittent aeration (I_A, 30-min on and 30-min off) and continuous aeration (C_A). Although aeration volume and oxygen supply of I_A was only half of C_A, I_A could obviously enhance the oxygen utilization efficiency by 96.67 % and reduce energy dissipation for aeration by 50.87 %. Based on the comprehensive analysis of total organic matter, total carbon, total nitrogen, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents, there was no significant difference in organic matter degradation between I_A and C_A (p > 0.05). Moreover, a reduction of 21.71 %, 38.93 %, 44.40 % and 62.19 % of CH4, N2O and the total GHG emission equivalent as well as NH3 emissions was realized, respectively, in I_A compared with C_A. Therefore, adopting intermittent aeration was a useful strategy and choice for high-efficiency, high-quality and environment-friendly composting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Zeng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuli Shen
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Hongjie Yin
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoxi Sun
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongmin Dong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangqun Huang
- Engineering Laboratory for AgroBiomass Recycling & Valorizing, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tan Z, Zhu H, He X, Xi B, Tian Y, Sun X, Zhang H, Ouche Q. Effect of ventilation quantity on electron transfer capacity and spectral characteristics of humic substances during sludge composting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:70269-70284. [PMID: 35589896 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Humic substances (HSs) can ameliorate soil pollution by mediating electron transfer between microorganisms and contaminants. This capability depends on the redox-active functional structure and electron transfer capacity (ETC) of HS. This study mainly aimed to analyze the effects of different ventilation quantities on the ETC and spectral characteristics of HS (including humic acids (HAs) and fulvic acids (FAs)) during sludge composting. HS was extracted from compost with different ventilation quantities (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 L kg-1 dry matter min-1, denoted as VQ1, VQ2, and VQ3, respectively). The ETC of HS was measured by electrochemical method. Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy, ultraviolet and visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were conducted to understand the evolution of HS composition during composting. Results indicated that the ETC of HA and FA increased during composting, and VQ2 had stronger ETC and electron recycling rate than VQ1 and VQ3 at the end of composting. UV-Vis analysis revealed that the humification degree, aromatization degree, and molecular weight of HA and FA increased during composting, while the content of lignin decreased. EEM-PARAFAC results suggested that VQ2 accelerated the degradation of protein-like substances. FT-IR revealed a decrease trend in polysaccharide and aliphatic, and the carboxyl content increased in VQ2 and VQ3 while decreased in VQ1. Correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between HS components and ETC. The results advance our further understanding of the pollution remediation mechanism of HS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hongxiang Zhu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yuxin Tian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Quanyi Ouche
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zheng X, Zou D, Wu Q, Wang H, Li S, Liu F, Xiao Z. Review on fate and bioavailability of heavy metals during anaerobic digestion and composting of animal manure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 150:75-89. [PMID: 35809372 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion and composting are attracting increasing attention due to the increased production of animal manure. It is essential to know about the fate and bioavailability of heavy metals (HMs) for further utilisation of animal manure. This review has systematically summarised the migration of HMs and the transformation of several typical HMs (Cu, Zn, Cd, As, and Pb) during anaerobic digestion and composting. The results showed that organic matter degradation increased the HMs content in biogas residue and compost (with the exception of As in compost). HMs migrated into biogas residue during anaerobic digestion through various mechanisms. Most of HMs in biogas residue and compost exceeded relevant standards. Then, anaerobic digestion increased the bioavailable fractions proportion in Zn and Cd, decreased the F4 proportion, and raised them more than moderate environmental risks. As (III) was the main species in the digester, which extremely increased As toxicity. The increase of F3 proportion in Cu and Pb was due to sulphide formation in biogas residue. Whereas, the high humus content in compost greatly increased the F3 proportion in Cu. The F1 proportion in Zn decreased, but the plant availability of Zn in compost did not reduce significantly. Cd and As mainly converted the bioavailable fractions into stable fractions during composting, but As (V) toxicity needs to be concerned. Moreover, additives are only suitable for animal manure treated with slightly HM contaminated. Therefore, it is necessary to combine more comprehensive methods to improve the manure treatment and make product utilisation safer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Zou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Qingdan Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Shuhui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Fen Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Zhihua Xiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Inhibitory Effects of the Addition of KNO 3 on Volatile Sulfur Compound Emissions during Sewage Sludge Composting. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9060258. [PMID: 35735501 PMCID: PMC9220069 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9060258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Odor released from the sewage sludge composting process often has a negative impact on the sewage sludge treatment facility and becomes a hindrance to promoting compost technology. This study investigated the effect of adding KNO3 on the emissions of volatile sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and carbon disulfide (CS2), during sewage sludge composting and on the physicochemical properties of compost products, such as arylsulfatase activity, available sulfur, total sulfur, moisture content, and germination index. The results showed that the addition of KNO3 could inhibit the emissions of volatile sulfur compounds during composting. KNO3 can also increase the heating rate and peak temperature of the compost pile and reduce the available sulfur loss. The addition of 4% and 8% KNO3 had the best effect on H2S emissions, and it reduced the emissions of H2S during composting by 19.5% and 20.0%, respectively. The addition of 4% KNO3 had the best effect on DMS and CS2 emissions, and it reduced the emissions of DMS and CS2 by 75.8% and 63.0%, respectively. Furthermore, adding 4% KNO3 had the best effect from the perspective of improving the germination index of the compost.
Collapse
|
22
|
Odors Emitted from Biological Waste and Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Mini-Review. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, a new generation of waste treatment plants based on biological treatments (mainly anaerobic digestion and/or composting) has arisen all over the world. These plants have been progressively substituted for incineration facilities and landfills. Although these plants have evident benefits in terms of their environmental impact and higher recovery of material and energy, the release into atmosphere of malodorous compounds and its mitigation is one of the main challenges that these plants face. In this review, the methodology to determine odors, the main causes of having undesirable gaseous emissions, and the characterization of odors are reviewed. Finally, another important topic of odor abatement technologies is treated, especially those related to biological low-impact processes. In conclusion, odor control is the main challenge for a sustainable implementation of modern waste treatment plants.
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen L, Li W, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Meng L. Isolation and application of a mixotrophic sulfide-oxidizing Cohnella thermotolerans LYH-2 strain to sewage sludge composting for hydrogen sulfide odor control. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126557. [PMID: 34906701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the influences of sulfide oxidizing bacteria on H2S odor control in sewage sludge composting, a facultative chemolithotroph strain was isolated and identified as Cohnella thermotolerans LYH-2. Strain LYH-2 decreased the initially added sulfide by 94.6% when glucose and NH4Cl were used as the optimal energy substrates. The biotransformation of sulfide substrates followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the highest degradation rate constant (0.0537 h-1) and bacterial dry weight (0.745 g/L) were obtained at 300 mg/L of initial sulfide. The C. thermotolerans strain was inoculated as the bacterial agent into the sewage sludge and rice husk composting in forced ventilation composting reactors for 25 d; the bacterial inoculation prolonged the thermophilic period by 2 d, decreased 35.4% of H2S odor emission, and accelerated the composting process compared to the control group. The results demonstrated that C. thermotolerans inoculants effectively controlled H2S emission and promoted maturity in sewage sludge composting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Weiguang Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Shumei Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150010, PR China
| | - Liqiang Meng
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150010, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gao X, Xu Z, Li Y, Zhang L, Li G, Nghiem LD, Luo W. Bacterial dynamics for gaseous emission and humification in bio-augmented composting of kitchen waste. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149640. [PMID: 34416604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using high-throughput sequencing and Functional Annotation of Prokaryotic Taxa (FAPROTAX), this study aimed to elucidate the effect of bacterial dynamics on gaseous emission and humification of kitchen and garden wastes during composting augmented with microbial inoculants. Microbial inoculant addition at up to 0.9% resulted in a diverse bacterial community with more functional bacteria to amend gaseous emission and enhance humification. Microbial inoculation facilitated the enrichment of aerobic bacteria (e.g. the genus Bacillus and Thermobifida) to enhance cellulolysis and ligninolysis to advance organic humification. By contrast, several bacteria, such as the genus Weissella and Pusillimonas were inhibited by microbial inoculation to weaken fermentation and nitrate respiration. As such, bio-augmented composting with 0.9% microbial inoculant reduced the emission of methane by 11-20% and nitrogen oxide by 17-54%. On the other hand, ammonia and hydrogen sulphide emissions increased by 26-62% and 5-23%, respectively, in bio-augmented composting due to the considerable proliferation of the genus Bacillus and Desulfitibacter to enhance ammonification and sulphur-related respiration. Results from this study highlight the need to further develop efficient and multifunctional microbial inoculants that promote humification and deodorization for bio-augmented composting of kitchen waste as well as other carbon and nutrient rich organic wastes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingzu Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhicheng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lanxia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenhai Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cheng Q, Zhang L, Wang D, Niu B. Bioaugmentation mitigates ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions during the mixture compost of dewatered sewage sludge and reed straw. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:68487-68497. [PMID: 34273078 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness of bio-augmenting aerobic cell culture to mitigate ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emission in sewage sludge composting amended with reed straw (with the weight ratio of 1:0.3-0.4). During the 20-day aerated lab-scale composting, adding 200-mL culture (56.80 NTU) reduced ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions by 38.00% and 54.32%, and conserved total nitrogen and sulfate by 39.42% and 70.75%, respectively. Organic matters degradation was quick started 1 day ahead. Comparing to the control, nitrate content increased 38.75% at the end of the compost. Bioaugmentation evened the distributions of bacterial communities in the thermophilic phase. The shift was mainly due to 22.97% of relative abundance of Proteobacteria depressed and 157.16% of Bacteroidetes increased, which were beneficial for nitrogen conservation and glycan breakdown, respectively. In summary, the results demonstrated that bioaugmentation addition could be an effective strategy for enhanced sludge composting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Cheng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, No. 36, Beihuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan, China.
| | - Longlong Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, No. 36, Beihuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, No. 36, Beihuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan, China
| | - Bochao Niu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, No. 36, Beihuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ma H, Li F, Niyitanga E, Chai X, Wang S, Liu Y. The Odor Release Regularity of Livestock and Poultry Manure and the Screening of Deodorizing Strains. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122488. [PMID: 34946090 PMCID: PMC8705919 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human living environments and health are seriously affected by the odor produced from fermentation of livestock and poultry manure. In order to reduce the odor pollution caused by livestock and poultry manure, efficient strains were screened and two methods were tried in this study. The orthogonal test design was used to analyze the gas produced by pig manure under different conditions of temperature, time, wheat straw doping amount and calcium carbonate doping amount. Then, according to ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and comprehensive odor removal effects, the high efficiency of deodorizing strains were screened. The results showed that pig manure produced the least odor when the temperature was 20 °C, added 0% calcium carbonate, 20% wheat straw and waited for 48 h. Three strains were screened to inhibit the odor production of pig manure: Paracoccus denitrificans, Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, showed that their highest removal rate of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gas could reach 96.58% and 99.74% among them; while for three strains of end-control pig manure stench: Pichia kudriavzevii, P. denitrificans and Bacillus subtilis, the highest removal rate of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gas reached 85.91% and 90.80% among them. This research provides bacteria resources as the high-efficiency deodorizing function for the source suppression and the end treatment of the odor gas of pig manure, which has high application value for the control of odor pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Ma
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China; (H.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Feier Li
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Evode Niyitanga
- Faculty of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China; (E.N.); (X.C.)
| | - Xicun Chai
- Faculty of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China; (E.N.); (X.C.)
| | - Shipeng Wang
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China; (H.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Yutao Liu
- Faculty of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China; (E.N.); (X.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Evaluation of Maturity and Greenhouse Gas Emission in Co-Composting of Chicken Manure with Tobacco Powder and Vinasse/Mushroom Bran. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9122105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of different proportions (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) of bulking agent (vinasse, mushroom bran, and tobacco powder) on maturity and gaseous emissions in chicken manure composting. The results showed that all of the treatments reached the standard of harmless disposal. With the exception of the control treatment, the CH4, N2O, and NH3 emissions in the treatments that had been prepared using the addition of mixed bulking agents were effectively reduced by 2.9–30.6%, 8.30–80.9%, and 37.3–26.6%; their compost maturity also met the Chinese national standard. Specifically, 10% mushroom bran combined with 5% tobacco powder was the optimal combination for simultaneously improving the maturity and reducing greenhouse gas emission in chicken manure composting.
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu T, Awasthi SK, Duan Y, Pandey A, Zhang Z, Awasthi MK. Current status of global warming potential reduction by cleaner composting. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 32:1002-1028. [DOI: 10.1177/0958305x19882417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The global living standards are currently undergoing a stage of growth; however, such improvement also brings some challenges. Global warming is the greatest threat to all living things and attracts more and more attention on a global scale due to the rapid development of economy. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) are the common components of greenhouse gases, which contribute to the global warming. Mitigation technologies for these gas emissions are urgently needed in every industry for the aim of cleaner production. Traditional agriculture also contributes significantly to enhance the greenhouse gases emission. Composting is a novel and economic greenhouse gases mitigation strategy compared to other technologies in terms of the organic waste disposal. Some of the European countries showed an increase of more than 50% in the composting rate. The microbial respiration, nitrification and denitrification processes, and the generation of anaerobic condition makes the emission of greenhouse gases inevitable during composting. However, although there have been a lot of papers that focused on the reduction of greenhouse gases emission in composting, none of these has summarized the methods of reducing the emission of greenhouse gases during the composting. This review discusses the benefit of composting in greenhouse gases mitigation in the organic waste management and the current methods to improve mitigation efficiency during cleaner composting. Key physical, chemical, and biological parameters related to greenhouse gases mitigation strategies were precisely studied to give a deep understanding about the emission of greenhouse gases during cleaner composting. Furthermore, the mechanism of greenhouse gases emission mitigation strategies for cleaner composting based on various external measures would be helpful for the exploration of novel and effective mitigation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Sanjeev K Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yumin Duan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Mukesh K Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
- Swedish Center for Resource Recovery Department of Biotechnology, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Meng L, Li W, Zhao Y, Chen L, Zhang S, Zhang X. Insights into influences of sucrose amendment on nitrification and denitrification in sewage sludge composting. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130245. [PMID: 34088102 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose amendment could promote ammonia assimilation and reduce nitrogen loss in sewage sludge (SS) composting, but the effects of sucrose amendment on nitrification and denitrification are still unknown that were firstly researched in present paper. Result showed that sucrose amendment reduced 33.0% of N2O emission by changing the physicochemical indexes, nitrogen forms, related bacteria and functional genes. In the sucrose treatment, the higher nitrifying bacteria community, amoA and nxrA genes abundance were, the lower hao, narG、nirS、nirK and norB genes abundance were. Based on the correlation analysis, the number of nitrifying bacteria was significantly positively correlated with NO3- and nxrA abundance, indicating that sucrose amendment promoted the growth of nitrifying bacteria, the contents of NO3- and the activity of nitrite oxidation. Moreover, contents of NO2- were positively correlated with N2O emission, narG, nirS and norB abundance, indicating that denitrification was the main path of N2O generated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Meng
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150010, Harbin, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150020, Harbin, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090, Harbin, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Enviroment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090, Harbin, China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090, Harbin, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090, Harbin, China
| | - Shumei Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150010, Harbin, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150020, Harbin, China
| | - Xiancheng Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150010, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Evaluation of Maturity and Odor Emissions in the Process of Combined Composting of Kitchen Waste and Garden Waste. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
With the development of urbanization, kitchen waste and garden waste have become an important part of municipal solid waste (MSW), which is in urgent need of resource treatment. This study investigated the impacts of garden waste as auxiliary materials on maturity and odor emissions (NH3 and H2S) during kitchen waste composting. The result showed that the combined composting product of kitchen waste and garden waste achieved the maturity effect, and the co-composting effect was better than that of separate composting of kitchen waste. Meanwhile, compared with the separate composting treatment of kitchen waste, the co-composting treatment of kitchen waste and garden waste can effectively reduce the cumulative emissions of H2S by more than 85%, and effectively reduce the cumulative emissions of NH3 by more than 75%. This study provides a technical reference for the green fertilizer utilization of kitchen waste and garden waste.
Collapse
|
31
|
Li MX, He XS, Tang J, Li X, Zhao R, Tao YQ, Wang C, Qiu ZP. Influence of moisture content on chicken manure stabilization during microbial agent-enhanced composting. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128549. [PMID: 33065328 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Moisture content (MC) influences substance transformation during composting and the function of exogenous microbial agents. Unsuitable MC could cause leaching, nutrient loss, and secondary contamination. In this study, chicken manure composting with varied MC (45-61%) was conducted under functional microbial agent inoculation to explore the optimum condition for composting and the potential mechanism. Due to the enhanced decomposing, nitrosation, and nitrification effect lead by the functional microorganism, treatment with the optimal MC (53%) exhibited the highest composting temperature (61 °C) and longest high-temperature period (15 days), achieving a final carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N), humic acids and fulvic acids ratio (HA/FA), and NH4+-N/NO3--N at 19.20, 2.00, and 0.93, respectively. After composting, the total nitrogen (TN) increased by 13.01-22.10% in the treatments with microbial agent inoculation compared with original stack, while it decreased by 7.76% in control. The highest nutrient (5.63%, 5.63-14.20% higher than the other composts) and better product safety (11.43-23.58% higher seed germination than others) were observed in treatment with MC at 53%, exceeding the Chinese national standard for organic fertilizer. Obviously, under optimum MC, microbial agent augmentation lead to high quality and safe compost products after a short composting period (25 days) without any leaching, which suggested an efficient way to promote the recycling and recovery of husbandry waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Xiao-Song He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jian Tang
- School of Civil Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yi-Qian Tao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Zhong-Ping Qiu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li Y, Han Y, Zhang Y, Fang Y, Li S, Li G, Luo W. Factors affecting gaseous emissions, maturity, and energy efficiency in composting of livestock manure digestate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 731:139157. [PMID: 32428753 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the interplay effects of key operational factors on maturity, gaseous emissions, and energy efficiency during composting of livestock manure digestate. Orthogonal experiments were conducted with three factors: digestion duration (15, 30, 45 days), corn stalk addition (15%, 25%, 35%, wet weight based), and aeration rate (0.12, 0.24, 0.48 L kg-1 dry matter (DM) min-1). Results showed that digestion duration was the main factor influencing the compost germination index (GI), greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission, and net energy. Digestion duration of 30 days was favored for compost GI and GHG reduction, while digestion duration of 45 days exhibited 18% higher daily net energy. Increasing corn stalk addition and aeration rates improved compost GI, but increased energy consumption. Corn stalk addition of 25% and aeration rate of 0.24 L kg-1 DM min-1 could ensure desirable compost maturity and save energy consumption. Thus, digestion for 30 days, 25% corn stalk addition, and aeration rates of 0.24 L kg-1 DM min-1 can be potentially implemented in industry for environmental and cost efficient composting of digestate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiyu Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanru Fang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuyan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wenhai Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jin Z, Ci M, Yang W, Shen D, Hu L, Fang C, Long Y. Sulfate reduction behavior in the leachate saturated zone of landfill sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:138946. [PMID: 32388373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste landfills are considered one of the most important parts of the sulfur cycle. However, few studies have focused on sulfate reduction in the leachate saturated zone, where the temperature may be variable. In this work, the sulfate reduction behavior was evaluated in a landfill leachate saturated zone under temperatures between 30 and 80 °C. The results show that microbial sulfate reduction is high in the saturated zone, especially when the temperature is at 50-60 °C. The microbial diversity and the abundance of functional genes results reveal that specific sulfate-reducing bacteria such as Dethiobacter, the bacteria that offer energy to them, and genes other than dsrA and dsrB may have a close relationship with the variation in the reduction of sulfate. This work may improve the knowledge of sulfate reduction in the landfill sites and therefore offer theoretical support to management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Manting Ci
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Wenyi Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Dongsheng Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Lifang Hu
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chengran Fang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yuyang Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu Y, Ma R, Li D, Qi C, Han L, Chen M, Fu F, Yuan J, Li G. Effects of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, biochar and spent mushroom substrate on compost maturity and gaseous emissions during pig manure composting. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 267:110649. [PMID: 32364133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study used a laboratory-scale system to investigate the effects of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (CaMgP), biochar, and spent mushroom substrate (SMS) on compost maturity and gasous emissions during pig manure composting. The results showed that the addition of CaMgP, Biochar or SMS had no negative effect on the quality and maturity of compost, and all three additives could reduce the emissions of ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), dimethyl sulfide (Me2S) and dimethyl disulfide (Me2SS). Among them, the effect of adding CaMgP on NH3 emission reduction was the most obvious, reduced 42.90%. The emission reduction of CaMgP to H2S was similar to that of SMS, which decreased by 34.91% and 32.88% respectively. The emission reduction effects of the three additives on Me2S and Me2SS were obvious, all of which were over 50%. However, only adding SMS reduced the N2O emission by 37.08%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruonan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chuanren Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lina Han
- Yangpulvbaofeng Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd, Danzhou, Hainan, 571744, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Yangpulvbaofeng Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd, Danzhou, Hainan, 571744, China
| | - Feng Fu
- Yangpulvbaofeng Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd, Danzhou, Hainan, 571744, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abdul Rahman MH, Sadi T, Ahmad AA, Masri IN, Mohammad Yusoff M, Kamaruddin H, Shakri NA, Hamid MAA, Ab. Malek R. Inventory and composting of yard waste in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04486. [PMID: 32715140 PMCID: PMC7369616 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Composting of yard waste is one of the waste management approaches in the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. The yard waste inventory was developed in the headquarters' area and a pilot-scale study was performed on the potential compost product. The total amount of yard waste generated from June 2017 to December 2017 was 16.75 tonnes with an average generation of 0.60 tonnes per week on the dry weight (d.w.) basis. The collected yard waste consisted of three major characteristics, namely dry leaves, fresh green leaves, and grass cuttings, and a waste estimation technique was applied to determine the composition of these three elements. The acquired information was used to formulate the initial compost mixture. The wastes were then mixed with an appropriate amount of livestock manure and other wastes to obtain the optimum initial C/N ratio, which was then found in the analysis to range between 25:1 and 42:1. Meanwhile, the C/N ratios obtained from the matured compost product were from 10:1 and 15:1. Moreover, most of the compost yield ranged between 50% and 70% (w w-1 d.w. basis), while the percentage of the seed germination in the compost was over 95%. The viability of the project was indicated from the economic analysis, with benefit to cost ratio (BCR) values of more than 1. The results also suggested that the large scale composting of yard waste in MARDI was feasible and its applicability is continuous. This technique also fulfilled the objective of producing quality compost, which was suitable for agricultural use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tosiah Sadi
- Soil & Fertilizer Research Centre, MARDI, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aimi Athirah Ahmad
- Socio Economic, Market Intelligence & Agribusiness Research Center, MARDI, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Nur Alyani Shakri
- Agrobiodiversity & Environment Research Centre, MARDI, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Rashidah Ab. Malek
- Agrobiodiversity & Environment Research Centre, MARDI, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Han Z, Qi F, Li R, Wang H, Sun D. Health impact of odor from on-situ sewage sludge aerobic composting throughout different seasons and during anaerobic digestion with hydrolysis pretreatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 249:126077. [PMID: 32045752 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion with hydrolysis pretreatment are two mainstream methods used to recycle and reclaim sewage sludge. However, during these sludge treatment processes, many odors are emitted that may cause severe emotional disturbance and health risks to those exposed. This study identified odor pollution (i.e. sensory influence, odor contribution, and human risks) from samples collected during sludge aerobic composting throughout different seasons as well as during anaerobic digestion with hydrolysis pretreatment. Odor intensity, odor active values, and permissible concentration-time weighted averages for ammonia and five volatile sulfur compounds were assessed. The results revealed serious odor pollution from all sampling sites during aerobic composting, especially in winter. Excessively strong odors were identified in the composting workshop, with total odor active values between 997 and 8980 which accounted for 78.45%-96.18% of the total sludge aerobic composting plant. Levels of ammonia and dimethyl disulfide in the ambient air were high enough to harm employees' health. During anaerobic digestion, excessively strong odors were identified in dehydration workshop 2, and the total odor active values of six odors reached 32,268, with ammonia and hydrogen sulfide levels significant enough to harm human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangliang Han
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fei Qi
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dezhi Sun
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shi X, Zheng G, Shao Z, Gao D. Effect of source-classified and mixed collection from residential household waste bins on the emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135478. [PMID: 31753499 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of domestic waste classification following the principles of reduction, recycling, and harmlessness is an effective method to improve the urban and rural environments and to promote resource recycling. However, in many developing countries, the community residents lack awareness of the benefits of classified collection, which leads to a lack of initiative to classify MSW. To make the people realize the importance of MSW classification and increase the classification dynamics, Suzhou, China was taken as an example in this study, and residential areas were selected as sampling sites for classified and mixed collection of domestic waste. The main components of the odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from the dustbins via different disposal modes were determined by sampling in spring, summer, autumn, and winter. In addition, the ozone formation potential (OFP) and human health risk assessment of the VOCs were analyzed. Halogenated compounds were the major pollutants from the household waste dustbins of the residential areas. However, aromatic compounds contributed the most to the OFP of the VOCs. The OFP of VOCs reached the highest peak in summer, which was 1.02 × 103 μg/m3. Furthermore, more attention needs to be paid in classifying waste to reduce the concentration of OFP. Although there was a carcinogenic risk in spring and summer, it declined after waste classification. Compared with mixed collection, the source-classified collection of garbage had advantages in terms of controlling the emission of VOCs, ozone formation potential, and human health risk. These results could provide the evidence demonstrating the advantages of waste classification and attract people's attention. Furthermore, the results can also provide impetus to those countries, where separate collection of waste has not yet been implemented, to improve the enthusiasm for classification and the integrity of waste classification system. Residents should be encouraged to classify household waste in residential areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Shi
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhuze Shao
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ding Gao
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cheng Z, Zhu S, Chen X, Wang L, Lou Z, Feng L. Variations and environmental impacts of odor emissions along the waste stream. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:120912. [PMID: 31640936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Odor nuisance related to municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal is one of the main incentives to counter the Not-In-My-Backyard Syndrome. Moreover, integrated odor management contributes to specific odor control at different waste treatment stages. In this study, odor emissions along typical MSW streams were categorized based on their olfactive and environmental impacts after a field investigation of the residential district (RD), transfer station (TS), and landfill (LF) in the Chongming Eco-island. It was found that odorants, especially NH3 and sulfides, increased along the MSW stream, with total chemical concentration increasing from 1241.5 ± 235.6 to 6947.2 ± 1726.8 μg/m3. Source separation and co-landfill system, which premixes the MSW with bottom ash (BA) at a ratio of 5:1, were speculated to efficiently attenuate odorants. Sulfides reduced owing to an increase in trace metal dissolution and carbon source consumption with the addition of BA at the LF, whereas NH3 in the leachate pond increased due to enhanced biodegradation and alkalinity. Photochemical ozone formation (6.7 × 10-8-8.6 × 10-5 personal equivalent, PE), nutrient enrichment (5.4 × 10-8-4.6 × 10-5 PE), and acidification (4.8 × 10-8-4.1 × 10-5 PE) were the major environmental impact categories. The priority odor pollutants screened using ternary fuzzy synthetic system could reflect the impact of olfaction and environment and greatly varied along the waste stream.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Shanghai Solid Waste Management Center, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Louchun Wang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Ziyang Lou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lili Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xu Z, Li G, Huda N, Zhang B, Wang M, Luo W. Effects of moisture and carbon/nitrogen ratio on gaseous emissions and maturity during direct composting of cornstalks used for filtration of anaerobically digested manure centrate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 298:122503. [PMID: 31837581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the maturity and gaseous emission during direct composting of cornstalks used as organic media for filtration of anaerobically digested manure centrate. Effects of moisture and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio on composting performance were evaluated. Results show that cornstalks could effectively retain suspended solids and organic matter in digested manure centrate to lower their C/N ratio and attain microbial inoculation. Filtered cornstalks became more compostable when their moisture decreased from 76% to 60% or C/N ratio increased from 12 to 24. Nevertheless, such adjustment aggravated the emission of greenhouse and odours gases during composting. Regardless of composting conditions, the phylum Firmicutes was the most dominant with reduced abundance during composting. Similar reduction also occurred to several abundant phyla, including Atribacteria, Synergistetes and Euryarchaeota. By contrast, the phylum Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria enriched as composting progressed. In addition, compost maturity was insignificantly affected by matrix moisture and C/N ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nazmul Huda
- Sustainable Energy Systems Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Bangxi Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Fertiliser, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenhai Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Sustainable Energy Systems Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xu Z, Zhao B, Wang Y, Xiao J, Wang X. Composting process and odor emission varied in windrow and trough composting system under different air humidity conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122482. [PMID: 31812913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To comprehensively investigate the effect of different air humidity conditions on the performance and odor emission in composting technology, a full-scale experiment was conducted simultaneously in the regions with low air relative humidity (Kunming) and high relative air humidity (Xishuangbanna), Yunnan province. The results showed that: In the regions with low relative air humidity, similar performances were found on organic matter degradation and germination index values in windrow and trough composting. Windrow composting got lower H2S emission, but higher NH3 release comparing with trough composting. Windrow composting was more susceptible to high relative air humidity. The degradation rate and germination index were 22% and 28% lower than those in trough composting. Therefore, the trough composting was recommended in the areas with high relative air humidity, while suitable NH3 mitigation measure should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yuyun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jinliang Xiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang Y, Liu S, Xue W, Guo H, Li X, Zou G, Zhao T, Dong H. The Characteristics of Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulfur Transformation During Cattle Manure Composting-Based on Different Aeration Strategies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16203930. [PMID: 31623089 PMCID: PMC6844082 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of gaseous emission (methane-CH4, carbon dioxide-CO2, nitrous oxide-N2O, nitric oxide-NO, hydrogen sulfide-H2S and sulfur dioxide-SO2) and the conservation of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) during cattle manure composting under different aeration strategies. Three aeration strategies were set as C60, C100, and I60, representing the different combinations of aeration method (continuous-C or intermittent-I) and aeration rate (60 or 100 L·min-1·m-3). Results showed that C, N, S mass was reduced by 48.8-53.1%, 29.8-35.9% and 19.6-21.9%, respectively, after the composing process. Among the three strategies, the intermittent aeration treatment I60 obtained the highest N2O emissions, resulting in the highest N loss and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when the GHG emissions from power consumption were not considered. Within two continuous aeration treatments, lower aeration rates in C60 caused lower CO2, N2O, NO, and SO2 emissions but higher CH4 emissions than those from C100. Meanwhile, C and N losses were also lowest in the C60 treatment. H2S emission was not detected because of the more alkaline pH of the compost material. Thus, C60 can be recommended for cattle manure composting because of its nutrient conservation and mitigation of major gas and GHG emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100087, China.
| | - Shanjiang Liu
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100087, China.
| | - Wentao Xue
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100087, China.
| | - He Guo
- Urban Construction School, Beijing City University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xinrong Li
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100087, China.
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Guoyuan Zou
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100087, China.
| | - Tongke Zhao
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100087, China.
| | - Hongmin Dong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fan H, Liao J, Abass OK, Liu L, Huang X, Wei L, Xie W, Yu H, Liu C. Effects of bulking material types on water consumption and pollutant degradation in composting process with controlled addition of different liquid manures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121517. [PMID: 31121527 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the effects of different bulking materials (corncob and ricehusk) on liquid manure consumption, organic matter degradation and pollutants retention in composting process under controlled addition of different types of liquid manures (LM). The results indicated that under the controlled addition of LM, bulking materials with higher content of biodegradable carbon (corncob) and LM with a higher concentration of organic pollutants (swine effluent) were more beneficial for biological heat generation and thus were more efficient for water evaporation, organic matter degradation, LM consumption and pollutants retention during the cocomposting process. Consequently, the optimization of these major influencing factors could compensate for efforts geared towards better utilization of the cocomposting process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Jie Liao
- Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Olusegun K Abass
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Lili Wei
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hengyang Yu
- Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chaoxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Oarga-Mulec A, Hanssen JF, Jenssen PD, Bulc TG. A comparison of various bulking materials as a supporting matrix in composting blackwater solids from vacuum toilets. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 243:78-87. [PMID: 31082754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study discusses the influence of six bulking materials (peat, bark, oat husks, sawdust, food waste, and wheat bran) on the composting of blackwater solids (feces, urine and toilet paper) from low flush vacuum toilets (0.8 L/flush). The focus was on faecal indicator reduction, nutrient recycling, and carbon dioxide and methane emissions. In a composting experiment lasting 60 days, bulking materials were combined and mixed with blackwater solids, composted without stirring and with controlled aeration in a bench scale experiment. The bulking materials combination of oat husks, wheat bran and bark and of oat husks and wheat bran composted with blackwater solids showed the best results in terms of faecal indicator reduction (2.8 log10 reduction of Escherichia coli and 3.2 log10 reduction of faecal streptococci, respectively). Oat husks, bark and wheat bran combination had the smallest nutrient losses of 7.5% total nitrogen, 3.8% total phosphorus and 28% total potassium, while the highest accumulation in total phosphorus was 76.4% occurred in the mixture with oat husks and wheat bran. Peat and food waste improved the sorption of ammonia. The highest methane emissions (average 15.4%) were detected after 28 days of composting in the mixture with bran and food waste. Methane and carbon dioxide levels decreased in all the mixtures towards the end of composting indicating high organic matter degradation. Our findings show that a variety of natural and inexpensive materials can be used and adapted when composing blackwater in remote and sensitive areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Oarga-Mulec
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimiceva ulica 12, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.
| | - Jon Fredrik Hanssen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 5003, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Petter D Jenssen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 5003, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Tjaša Griessler Bulc
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Hajdrihova 28, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yuan J, Zhang D, Ma R, Wang G, Li Y, Li S, Tang H, Zhang B, Li D, Li G. Effects of inoculation amount and application method on the biodrying performance of municipal solid waste and the odor emissions produced. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 93:91-99. [PMID: 31235061 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of inoculation amount and application method on the biodrying of municipal solid waste (MSW) was investigated in this study. Results showed that a low level (5%) of inoculation with mature compost significantly improved the biodrying index (4.96), while adding greater amounts decreased the biodrying performance by increasing the volatile solid degradation rate. Covering the pile with inoculation material resulted in the highest water removal (72.7%) and greatest water content reduction (from 60.2% to 17.7%). Meanwhile, first covering and then incorporating the inoculation material into the biodrying pile did not improve biodrying performance. Clearly, addition of varying amounts of inoculation material via different application methods enhanced cellulose degradation rates by 2.3-14.2%. Using 10% inoculation material reduced the NH3 emissions by 39.1-54.3% regardless of inoculation method, inoculation amount had a greater effect on NH3 emissions than that of inoculation method. The covering inoculation material could reduce 65.08% H2S emission, the inoculation method had a greater effect on H2S emissions than that of inoculation amount. Given the comprehensive considerations of emission reduction and biodrying performance, a covering of 10% inoculating material is a suitable approach to improve biodrying performance and mitigate odorous gases emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Difang Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruonan Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuyan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bangxi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Danyang Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pan J, Li R, Zhai L, Zhang Z, Ma J, Liu H. Influence of palygorskite addition on biosolids composting process enhancement. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2019; 217:371-379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
|
46
|
Wu J, Zhao Y, Yu H, Wei D, Yang T, Wei Z, Lu Q, Zhang X. Effects of aeration rates on the structural changes in humic substance during co-composting of digestates and chicken manure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:510-520. [PMID: 30579208 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High humidity and potential threat of pathogen of anaerobic digestates are unfavorable to the environment by direct utilization. To achieve the sustainable utilization of digestates, composting might be a good choice. Meanwhile, the aeration rate of composting has been optimized. Co-composting of digestates and chicken manure was performed under different aeration conditions (0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 L·min-1·kg-1·organic matter (OM)). During composting, internal transformation of humic substance (HS) has been studied for obtaining the potential application value of the co-composting products. Results suggested that the HS concentration was increased by 21.1%, 26.4% and 22.4% with the aeration rates were 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 L·min-1·kg-1·OM, respectively. The aeration rate of 0.15 L·min-1·kg-1·OM was more conducive to germination. Parallel factor analysis and dimensional correlation spectra (2DCOS) have been combined to reveal the conversion relationships of HS components for understanding the compost application pattern. Hetero-2DCOS indicated that aeration of 0.05 min-1·kg-1·OM and 0.1 L·min-1·kg-1·OM contributed to the formation of complex compounds at long wavelength, and aeration of 0.15 L·min-1·kg-1·OM was beneficial for labile compounds formation at short wavelength. In views of the aeration of 0.1 L·min-1·kg-1·OM was more beneficial to improve HS concentration than 0.05 L·min-1·kg-1·OM, 0.1 L·min-1·kg-1·OM and 0.15 L·min-1·kg-1·OM were consider as the most important aeration rate to conduct digestates composting. Overall, the aeration affected the HS composition which, in turn, might affect the application ways of composting products. This study could provide a reference for industrial composting production and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqiu Wu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Huimin Yu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Dan Wei
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Tianxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Qian Lu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fan H, Liao J, Abass OK, Liu L, Huang X, Wei L, Li J, Xie W, Liu C. Effects of compost characteristics on nutrient retention and simultaneous pollutant immobilization and degradation during co-composting process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 275:61-69. [PMID: 30576915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the effects of controlled addition of liquid (LM) to solid (SM) manure compost using a volume-model technique on the co-composting of SM and LM, and further to investigate the major effects of bulking material sizes and LM types on the co-composting process and final compost characteristics. Results indicated that this volume-model technique played a critical role in reducing leachate generation and improving the overall efficiency of the co-composting process. Specifically, the developed model enhanced the evaporation rates of windrows during the co-composting process. For improved final compost properties, small bulking materials and swine-effluent-based LM were found to be more efficient for organic matter degradation, LM consumption, hazardous metals immobilization, and essential nutrients retention than large bulking materials and biogas-based LM. Thus, process parameter optimizations represent major research options for successful co-composting applications for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Jie Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology (Fujian Province University), Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Olusegun K Abass
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Lili Wei
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology (Fujian Province University), Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Chaoxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Biological treatment of organic materials for energy and nutrients production—Anaerobic digestion and composting. ADVANCES IN BIOENERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aibe.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
49
|
Li Y, Luo W, Lu J, Zhang X, Li S, Wu Y, Li G. Effects of digestion time in anaerobic digestion on subsequent digestate composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 267:117-125. [PMID: 30014990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Digestion time (DT) in anaerobic digestion (AD) on performance of subsequent digestate composting regarding compost maturity and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission was investigated. Digestates for composting were obtained after anaerobically digested mixture of dairy manure, corn stalks, and tomato residues (48:32:20, volatile solids based) with DT of 15, 30, and 45 days, respectively. Digestates were composted with corn stalks (85:15, wet weight based). Results showed approximately 30% and 70% of biochemical methane potential (342.0 L/kg VSfeedstock) were obtained when DT of 15 and 30 days. Digestate co-composting with cornstalks could be initiated effectively and reduced GHG emissions by 18.9-29.0% compared to compost with raw materials. DT of 30 and 45 days digestate composting cause benefit on germination index. DT of 45 days had the highest net power production in combine AD and composting system. DT of 30 days digestate composting was optimum choice for compost maturity and GHG emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenhai Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaxin Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuyan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Marquette University, 53233, USA
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Han Z, Qi F, Wang H, Liu B, Shen X, Song C, Bao Z, Zhao X, Xu Y, Sun D. Emission characteristics of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) from a municipal sewage sludge aerobic composting plant. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 77:593-602. [PMID: 29907364 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The emission of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) causing strong odors is a major problem in municipal sewage sludge composting plants (MSSACPs). Improving the knowledge on characteristics of VSCs emission in MSAACPs is of particular significance to elimate odors, but the studies conducted on-site to identify them are scarce. To this purpose, characteristics of VSCs emission were studied on-site from a MSSACP during different ambient temperatures corresponding with seasonal variations. Results reveal that (1) the total emission of VSCs which included methyl disulfide (DMDS), methyl sulfide (DMS), carbon disulfide, methyl mercaptan, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was 561.89 mg/dry kg in summer, 358.45 mg/dry kg in spring, and 215.52 mg/dry kg in winter, and the greatest amounts of VSCs were emitted during the mesophilic and pre-thermophilic phases; (2) although DMDS and DMS contributed the most towards total VSCs emissions during winter (81.93%), spring (82.55%), and summer (83.90%), their odor contributions were less than that of H2S; (3) in summer, the odor nuisance of total VSCs was higher than that in winter and spring; (4) sulfur loss in the form of VSCs emissions and total sulfur loss both increased with rising ambient temperatures during the sewage sludge aerobic composting. Results obtained in this study will be beneficial towards the elimation of odors released from MSSACPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangliang Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baoxian Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing Municipal Environment Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiue Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing Municipal Environment Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Cheng Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing Municipal Environment Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhiyuan Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xufeng Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yangjie Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dezhi Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|