1
|
Ding N, Liu K, Jiang L, Liu H. The temperature-dependent kinetics and bacteria regrowth by performic acid and sodium hypochlorite disinfection. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:2233-2245. [PMID: 37966179 PMCID: wst_2023_351 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been widely used as a disinfectant in water and wastewater treatment, because of its high efficiency and low cost, whereas the bio-toxicity of its disinfection byproducts (DBPs) raised great concern. Performic acid (PFA) produces less DBPs and shows strong oxidation abilities. In this study, the effect of temperature on NaOCl and PFA disinfection as well as bacteria regrowth were evaluated. First, the inactivation of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis by NaOCl and PFA at 4 and 20 °C, detected by cell cultured-based plate counting were fitted to kinetic models, and the predicted CTs were calculated. The results showed that NaOCl was more effective than PFA for E. coli and S. aureus inactivation, and the temperature was positively correlated to disinfection. Second, bacteria regrowth was evaluated at different temperatures (4 and 20 °C) of disinfection and storage. The results showed that the bacteria inactivated by NaOCl regrew prominently, especially for those inactivated at 4 and stored at 4 °C, probably through the mechanism of reactivation of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria. PFA was superior in suppressing bacteria regrowth, and it may be used as an alternate disinfectant in water treatment in cold environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Comprehensive Utilization of Resources, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China E-mail:
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Suna G, Gunduz S, Topal S, Ozturk T, Karakuş E. A unique triple-channel fluorescent probe for discriminative detection of cyanide, hydrazine, and hypochlorite. Talanta 2023; 257:124365. [PMID: 36827939 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the first triple-channel fluorescent probe, TTB, excited at the same wavelength (λex = 360 nm) in the same sensing medium for the detection and discrimination of cyanide, hydrazine, and hypochlorite, is disclosed. While a fluorescent white color appeared (λem = 470 nm) with the addition of cyanide ion into the probe solution, upon addition of hydrazine and hypochlorite, green (λem = 503 nm) and orange (λem = 585 nm) fluorescent colors, respectively, were observed. A naked-eye detection for the three ions was documented. With the appearance of orange color, a mega Stokes shift of 175 nm was observed. The probe exhibited excellent selectivity and lower detection limits of 0.24 μM, 4.1 nM and 0.27 μM, and dynamic ranges of 0.0-2.0 μM, 0.0-0.05 μM and 0.0-2.0 μM for cyanide, hydrazine and hypochlorite, respectively. The sensing mechanism was investigated through computational studies before and after the addition of cyanide, hypochlorite, and hydrazine, applying density functional theory (DFT), along with the calculation of optical properties by time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) method. The results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental values. Remarkably, the probe, TTB, successfully detected cyanide, hydrazine, and hypochlorite in complex water samples. Moreover, the detection of cyanide was successfully performed in apricot kernels, as well as hypochlorite in fruits and vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garen Suna
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology Institute, (TUBITAK UME), 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Simay Gunduz
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology Institute, (TUBITAK UME), 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Sebahat Topal
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology Institute, (TUBITAK UME), 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erman Karakuş
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Group, The Scientific & Technological Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology Institute, (TUBITAK UME), 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bertanza G, Steimberg N, Pedrazzani R, Boniotti J, Ceretti E, Mazzoleni G, Menghini M, Urani C, Zerbini I, Feretti D. Wastewater toxicity removal: Integrated chemical and effect-based monitoring of full-scale conventional activated sludge and membrane bioreactor plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158071. [PMID: 35988629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The literature is currently lacking effect-based monitoring studies targeted at evaluating the performance of full-scale membrane bioreactor plants. In this research, a monitoring campaign was performed at a full-scale wastewater treatment facility with two parallel lines (traditional activated sludge and membrane bioreactor). Beside the standard parameters (COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, and metals), 6 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, 29 insecticides, 2 herbicides, and 3 endocrine disrupting compounds were measured. A multi-tiered battery of bioassays complemented the investigation, targeting different toxic modes of action and employing various biological systems (uni/multicellular, prokaryotes/eukaryotes, trophic level occupation). A traffic light scoring approach was proposed to quickly visualize the impact of treatment on overall toxicity that occurred after the exposure to raw and concentrated wastewater. Analysis of the effluents of the CAS and MBR lines show very good performance of the two systems for removal of organic micropollutants and metals. The most noticeable differences between CAS and MBR occurred in the concentration of suspended solids; chemical analyses did not show major differences. On the other hand, bioassays demonstrated better performance for the MBR. Both treatment lines complied with the Italian law's "ecotoxicity standard for effluent discharge in surface water". Yet, residual biological activity was still detected, demonstrating the adequacy and sensitivity of the toxicological tools, which, by their inherent nature, allow the overall effects of complex mixtures to be taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Bertanza
- DICATAM-Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; MISTRAAL Interdepartmental Research Center - MISTRAL - Inter-University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health", DSCS, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Nathalie Steimberg
- MISTRAAL Interdepartmental Research Center - MISTRAL - Inter-University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health", DSCS, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; DSCS-Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Roberta Pedrazzani
- MISTRAAL Interdepartmental Research Center - MISTRAL - Inter-University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health", DSCS, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; DIMI-Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Jennifer Boniotti
- DSCS-Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ceretti
- DSMC-Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Mazzoleni
- MISTRAAL Interdepartmental Research Center - MISTRAL - Inter-University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health", DSCS, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; DSCS-Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Michele Menghini
- DIMI-Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Urani
- MISTRAAL Interdepartmental Research Center - MISTRAL - Inter-University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health", DSCS, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; DISAT-Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, I-20126 Milano, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Zerbini
- DSMC-Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Donatella Feretti
- MISTRAAL Interdepartmental Research Center - MISTRAL - Inter-University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health", DSCS, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; DSMC-Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Laranja DC, Cacciatore FA, Malheiros PDS, Tondo EC. Application of peracetic acid by spray or immersion in chicken carcasses to reduce
cross‐contamination
in the slaughter process. J Food Saf 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Comparsi Laranja
- Department of Food Science Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (ICTA‐UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Fabíola Ayres Cacciatore
- Department of Food Science Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (ICTA‐UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Patrícia da Silva Malheiros
- Department of Food Science Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (ICTA‐UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cesar Tondo
- Department of Food Science Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (ICTA‐UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stastny AL, Doepke A, Streicher RP. A field-portable colorimetric method for the measurement of peracetic acid vapors: a comparison of glass and plastic impingers. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2022; 19:469-477. [PMID: 35709479 PMCID: PMC9458618 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2022.2088772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A method for measuring peracetic acid vapors in air using impinger sampling and field-portable colorimetric analysis is presented. The capture efficiency of aqueous media in glass and plastic impingers was evaluated when used for peracetic acid vapor sampling. Measurement of peracetic acid was done using an N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine colorimetric method with a field-portable spectrometer. The linearity of the N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine method was determined for peracetic acid both in solution and captured from vapor phase using glass or plastic impingers. The Limits of Detection for the glass and plastic impingers were 0.24 mg/m3 and 0.28 mg/m3, respectively, for a 15 L air sample. The Limits of Quantitation were 0.79 mg/m3 and 0.92 mg/m3 for the glass and plastic impingers, respectively. Both metrics were below the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Threshold Limit Value Short-Term Exposure Limit of 1.24 mg/m3 (0.4 ppmv) during a 15-min period. The impinger sampling method presented herein allows for an easy-to-use and rapid in-field measurement that can be used for evaluating occupational exposure to peracetic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Stastny
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Amos Doepke
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert P Streicher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yao M, Chen T, Ran Z, Li T, Chen H, Li W. Integral evaluation of production safety and genotoxicity of recycling residual sludge for drinking water treatment plants. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:1225-1236. [PMID: 32928064 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1824021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recycling residual sludge in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) may release excessive heavy metals and organic matter, which are substances of concern because of their toxic and carcinogenic potential. The aim of this study was to investigate potential genotoxic, cytotoxic, and mutagenic effects of recycled residual sludge in terms of quality of water in potable water works. Genotoxic effects of reusing residual sludge were evaluated using: the Ames test, sperm abnormality test in mice, micronucleus assay, comet assay, and single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. The results of the Ames assay show that the disinfected water sample displays bacteriostasis at a dose of 7 L/dish regardless of treatment styles, but mutagenicity ratio (MR) < 2 can still be judged as negative. The micronucleus rates of conventional treatment were slightly genotoxic but only at 4 and 40 L/kg·bw, whereas micronucleus rates of filtered water and disinfectant from the recycling process were negative in all of the dose groups. The levels of DNA damage that are caused by different treatment processes were equivalent. Reusing residual sludge for DWTPs did not contribute to the release of genotoxic or mutagenic compounds, but it did have a remarkable effect on saving the drug dose and increasing drinking water yield. Thus, reusing residual sludge for DWTPs should be widely recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yao
- School of Traffic and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong GDH Water Company Limited, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilin Ran
- School of Traffic and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Shenzhen Water Longgang Water (Group) Co., LTD., Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Haisong Chen
- Shenzhen Water Longgang Water (Group) Co., LTD., Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Li
- School of Traffic and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sultan M, Nagieb ZA, El-Masry HM, Taha GM. Physically-crosslinked hydroxyethyl cellulose-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)-Fe 3+/silver nanoparticles for water disinfection and enhanced adsorption of basic methylene blue dye. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 196:180-193. [PMID: 34813782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the development of physically cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose grafted polyacrylic acid-co-polyacrylamide/silver nanocomposite [Ag@HEC-g-P(AA-co-AM)-Fe3+] possesses excellent antimicrobial and enhanced MB adsorption. A green in-situ reduction process was used to prepare silver nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, ATR-IR, XRD, SEM-EDS were used to analyze the green produced silver nanoparticles and Ag@HEC-g-P(AA-co-AM)-Fe3+. The swelling ratio of Ag@HEC-g-P(AA-co-AM)-Fe3+ is dependent on AgNPs content and pH. The swelling kinetics fitted with Pseudo-second order. The cumulative release#% of AgNPs was 29.63 ± 1.7%, respectively up to 10 h and its kinetics obey Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The grafting to HEC and incorporation of AgNPs into HEC-g-P(AA-co-AM)-Fe3+ enhances the thermal stabilities and increases total activation energies from 19,122.2 to 66,287.1 KJ mol. Ag@HEC-g-P(AA-co-AM)-Fe3+ has powerful antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus leutus, Staphyllococus aureus. The maximum adsorption capacity of MB was 133.38 ± 1.25 mg/g at nanocomposite concentration (300 mg/L), pH (9.0), and MB concentration (5 mg/L). To anticipate the adsorption mechanism, Pseudo-first and second-order models, as well as three isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) were used to model adsorption kinetics. The nonlinear Langmuir models and second-order kinetics were the most appropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sultan
- Packaging Materials Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zenat Adeeb Nagieb
- Cellulose and Paper Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam Mohammed El-Masry
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Taha
- Pre-treatment, and Finishing of Cellulose-based Textiles Department, 33 El-Behouth St. (former El-Tahrir str.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Spencer-Williams I, Theobald A, Cypcar CC, Casson LW, Haig SJ. Examining the antimicrobial efficacy of granulated tetraacetylethylenediamine derived peracetic acid and commercial peracetic acid in urban wastewaters. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10688. [PMID: 35118781 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing need for access to safe water has meant that alternative water sources and innovative water reclamation approaches are often required to meet the global water demand. As a result, many wastewater treatment facilities have faced regulatory pressure to seek alternative disinfection methods that ensure public health safety, while adhering to regulations that set limits on carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs). Peracetic acid (PAA) is an emerging wastewater disinfectant in the United States that has been widely used in other industries such as food sanitization and does not produce carcinogenic DBPs. However, several factors such as transport, storage, and physical and chemical effects have stymied its widespread use in wastewater markets. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the antimicrobial efficacy of an on-site generated PAA compared against a commercially available PAA. Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed using standard fecal contamination indicators (i.e., total coliforms and Escherichia coli) in six urban wastewater treatment facilities ranging in size and treatment processes. Overall, few statistical differences were found between the antimicrobial efficacies of on-site generated PAA and commercially available PAA; however, before becoming more widely utilized, the on-site PAA should be tested against emerging fecal contamination indicators (e.g., human norovirus and enterovirus) and be assessed in terms of economic and sustainability impacts. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Alternative Ct approaches should be considered when using disinfectants like PAA. On-site generated PAA can achieve the same level of disinfection as commercial PAA. On-site generation of PAA may help further its use as a wastewater disinfectant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah Spencer-Williams
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Leonard W Casson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah-Jane Haig
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schmitz BW, Wang H, Schwab K, Jacangelo J. Selected Mechanistic Aspects of Viral Inactivation by Peracetic Acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16120-16129. [PMID: 34791872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) is an alternative to traditional wastewater disinfection as it has a high oxidation potential without producing chlorinated disinfection byproducts. Reports have shown the effectiveness of PAA to reduce waterborne viruses, but the mechanism of inactivation is understudied. This study evaluated PAA consumption by amino acids and nucleotides that are the building blocks of both viral capsids and genomes. Cysteine (>1.7 min-1) and methionine (>1.2 min-1) rapidly consumed PAA, while cystine (1.9 × 10-2 min-1) and tryptophan (1.4 × 10-4 min-1) reactions occurred at a slower rate. All other amino acids and nucleotides did not react significantly (p < 0.05) with PAA during experiments. Also, PAA treatment did not result in significant (p < 0.05) reductions of purified RNA from MS2 bacteriophage and murine norovirus. Data in this study suggest that PAA effectively inactivates viruses by targeting susceptible amino acids on capsid proteins and does not readily damage viral genomes. Knowledge of virus capsid structures and protein compositions can be used to qualitatively predict the relative resistance or susceptibility of virus types to PAA. Capsid structures containing a higher total number of target amino acids may be more susceptible to PAA reactions that damage structural integrity resulting in inactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W Schmitz
- JHU/Stantec Alliance, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Hanwei Wang
- JHU/Stantec Alliance, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Kellogg Schwab
- JHU/Stantec Alliance, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Joseph Jacangelo
- JHU/Stantec Alliance, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Stantec, Washington, DC, 91101, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Min DW, Kim K, Kim B, Lee G, Choi W. Cr(VI) Formation via Oxyhalide-Induced Oxidative Dissolution of Chromium Oxide/Hydroxide in Aqueous and Frozen Solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14413-14421. [PMID: 33140955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative dissolution of Cr(III) species (Cr2O3 and Cr(OH)3) by oxyhalide species, which produces hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), was studied in aqueous and frozen solution. The oxyhalide-induced oxidation of Cr(III) in frozen solution showed a different trend from that in aqueous solution. Cr(VI) production was higher in frozen than aqueous solution with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and bromate (BrO3-) but suppressed in frozen solution with hypobromous acid (HOBr) and periodate (IO4-). In particular, bromate markedly enhanced Cr(VI) production in frozen solution, whereas it had a negligible activity in aqueous solution. On the contrary, periodate produced Cr(VI) significantly in aqueous solution but greatly suppressed it in frozen solution. Bromate was found to be much more concentrated in the ice grain boundary than periodate according to both chemical and Raman spectral analyses. The oxidative transformation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) was accompanied by the concurrent and stoichiometric reduction of oxyhalide species. Dissolved O2 had little effect on the oxidative dissolution, but dissolved organic matter retarded the oxidation of Cr2O3 in both aqueous and frozen conditions. This study proposes that the oxyhalide-induced oxidation of Cr(III) (particularly by bromate) in frozen conditions might have a significant effect on the generation of Cr(VI) in the frozen environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Wi Min
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Bomi Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Giehyeon Lee
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Future City Open Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Wonyong Choi
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen SH, Fegan N, Kocharunchitt C, Bowman JP, Duffy LL. Effect of peracetic acid on Campylobacter in food matrices mimicking commercial poultry processing. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
12
|
Agnelo L, Leonel LP, Silva NB, Candello FP, Schneider J, Tonetti AL. Effects of wastewater disinfectants on the soil: Implications for soil microbial and chemical attributes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:136007. [PMID: 31846886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In most cases, chlorination is used for effluent disinfection. However, this process can lead to the formation of byproducts hazardous to the environment and public health. Therefore, new disinfectants, such as calcium hypochlorite (CH) and peracetic acid (PAA), were investigated as alternatives. This study aimed at determining doses of the disinfectants PAA and CH to be applied to the soil and analyzing the possible changes in the major chemical and microbiological attributes of the soil, thus encouraging the practice of reusing wastewater in agriculture. Initially, toxicity bioassays were conducted with lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds in order to determine which concentrations affected germination and also which would be analyzed. From these trials, three concentrations of each disinfectant were chosen to be subjected to basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon and metabolic quotient analyses. Doses of 3, 5 and 10 mg L-1 were used for PAA, and concentrations of 25, 32 and 64 mg L-1 for CH. Thus, it was observed that the greater concentration of each disinfectant provided a significant increase in the metabolic potential of microorganisms. However, it was observed that PAA increased ecotoxicity besides promoting changes in the chemical attributes of the soil, compared to CH. On the other hand, concentrations of 3 mg L-1 and 25 mg L-1 of PAA and CH, respectively, did not cause large impacts and could be an alternative in effluent disinfection with the aim of recycling it in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Agnelo
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism - FEC, at UNICAMP (State University of Campinas), Avenida Albert Einstein, 951, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", P.O. Box 6021, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lays Paulino Leonel
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism - FEC, at UNICAMP (State University of Campinas), Avenida Albert Einstein, 951, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", P.O. Box 6021, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Noely Bochi Silva
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism - FEC, at UNICAMP (State University of Campinas), Avenida Albert Einstein, 951, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", P.O. Box 6021, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Pena Candello
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism - FEC, at UNICAMP (State University of Campinas), Avenida Albert Einstein, 951, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", P.O. Box 6021, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jerusa Schneider
- Department of Geology and Natural Resources, Institute of Geosciences, University of Campinas, 13083-855, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Luiz Tonetti
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism - FEC, at UNICAMP (State University of Campinas), Avenida Albert Einstein, 951, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", P.O. Box 6021, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Campo N, De Flora C, Maffettone R, Manoli K, Sarathy S, Santoro D, Gonzalez-Olmos R, Auset M. Inactivation kinetics of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in secondary wastewater effluents by peracetic and performic acids. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 169:115227. [PMID: 31706126 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While disinfection processes have been central for public health protection, new concerns have been raised with respect to their ability to control the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment. In this study, we report the inactivation kinetics by peracetic and performic acids of a typical indicator, Escherichia coli and its corresponding antibiotic-resistant subpopulation, in secondary settled wastewater effluent. Performic acid always showed greater inactivation efficiency than peracetic acid, whether or not the indicator was Ampicillin-resistant. Observed inactivation data, fitted with an exposure-based inactivation model, predicted very well the inactivation profile of both total and ampicillin resistant Escherichia coli. Notably, the antibiotic resistance percentage decreased significantly in treated wastewater compared to untreated wastewater thus making the peracid-based disinfection processes beneficial in controlling antibiotic resistance in secondary settled wastewater. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration values remained unchanged. Finally, antibiotic-resistant-specific inactivation kinetics were used to predict the disinfection efficiency in continuous-flow reactors under ideal and non-ideal hydraulics thus providing useful information for future design and operation of disinfection process in antibiotic-resistance controlling mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neus Campo
- Department of Bioengineering, IQS-School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia De Flora
- Department of Bioengineering, IQS-School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberta Maffettone
- Trojan Technologies, London, ON, N5V4T7, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B9, Canada
| | - Kyriakos Manoli
- Trojan Technologies, London, ON, N5V4T7, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B9, Canada
| | - Siva Sarathy
- Trojan Technologies, London, ON, N5V4T7, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B9, Canada
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Trojan Technologies, London, ON, N5V4T7, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B9, Canada
| | - Rafael Gonzalez-Olmos
- Department of Bioengineering, IQS-School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Auset
- Department of Bioengineering, IQS-School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
da Silva WP, Carlos TD, Cavallini GS, Pereira DH. Peracetic acid: Structural elucidation for applications in wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 168:115143. [PMID: 31590037 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) is an oxidizer widely used for the sterilization of equipment in hospitals, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries and also for water and wastewater disinfection. Even with its increasing applications, there have been no previous theoretical studies that explain the experimental results based on its molecular behavior. In this context, this work used calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) combined with experimental results to elucidate the decomposition mechanisms of PAA for predicting its stability and the possible products generated from its decomposition. The results obtained showed that the protonation of PAA promoted its spontaneous decomposition in acetic acid and molecular oxygen. The hydrolysis mechanism of PAA in acidic medium indicated that the low energy difference involved in the mechanism's stages is responsible for the equilibrium between PAA and H2O2. The structural and electronic comparison of PAA with H2O2 showed that the O-O bond length of PAA is longer than that of H2O2 and is also weaker, therefore may demonstrate greater efficiency in advanced oxidative processes by photocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Pereira da Silva
- Chemistry Collegiate, Federal University of Tocantins, Campus Gurupi -Badejós, P.O. Box 66, 77 402-970, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Thayrine Dias Carlos
- Chemistry Collegiate, Federal University of Tocantins, Campus Gurupi -Badejós, P.O. Box 66, 77 402-970, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Grasiele Soares Cavallini
- Chemistry Collegiate, Federal University of Tocantins, Campus Gurupi -Badejós, P.O. Box 66, 77 402-970, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Douglas Henrique Pereira
- Chemistry Collegiate, Federal University of Tocantins, Campus Gurupi -Badejós, P.O. Box 66, 77 402-970, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang C, Moore N, Bircher K, Andrews S, Hofmann R. Full-scale comparison of UV/H 2O 2 and UV/Cl 2 advanced oxidation: The degradation of micropollutant surrogates and the formation of disinfection byproducts. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 161:448-458. [PMID: 31228664 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The photolysis of chlorine by UV light leads to the formation of the hydroxyl radicals (OH) as well as reactive chlorine species (RCS) that can be effective as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for water treatment. Much of the research to date has been done at laboratory- or bench-scale. This study reports results from a model that demonstrates that the relative effectiveness of the UV/Cl2 AOP compared to the more traditional UV/H2O2 AOP is a function of optical path length. As such, the relative effectiveness of the two treatment options evaluated at small scale may not reflect the relative performance at full-scale, making results previously obtained at small-scale potentially less scalable. This study therefore compares the performance of UV/Cl2 to UV/H2O2 at a full-scale water treatment plant, using sucralose and caffeine as spiked surrogates for contaminants that are reactive solely to OH radicals, and to both OH and RCS, respectively. pH was varied between 6.5 and 8.0. The results demonstrated that when using a medium pressure UV lamp, UV/Cl2 might lead to approximately twice the production of OH radicals as UV/H2O2 at pH 6.5 when using the same molar oxidant concentration, but adding chlorine to the UV reactor at pH 8.0 had a negligible impact on OH radical concentration in comparison to UV alone. The study also confirmed previous small-scale results that RCS can be a major contributor to UV/Cl2 treatment for compounds such as caffeine that are susceptible to RCS, with UV/Cl2 effective at both pH 6.5 and 8.0 for such compounds. Disinfection byproducts were monitored, with adsorbable organohalide (AOX) formation increasing by approximately 10 μg-Cl/L due to chlorine photolysis, but only at pH 6.5 and not at pH 8.0. This implies that UV/Cl2 might increase AOX mostly due to reaction between OH and organic precursors to make them more reactive with chlorine, and not due to RCS. The formation of specific DBPs of current or emerging regulatory interest was minimal under all conditions, except for chlorate. Chlorate yields were in the order of 6-18% of the photolysed chlorine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjin Wang
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada.
| | - Nathan Moore
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Keith Bircher
- Calgon Carbon Corporation, 3000 GSK Drive Moon Township, Pennsylvania, 15108, USA
| | - Susan Andrews
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Ron Hofmann
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen J, Pavlostathis SG. Peracetic acid fate and decomposition in poultry processing wastewater streams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
Dunkin N, Coulter C, Weng S, Jacangelo JG, Schwab KJ. Effects of pH Variability on Peracetic Acid Reduction of Human Norovirus GI, GII RNA, and Infectivity Plus RNA Reduction of Selected Surrogates. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2019; 11:76-89. [PMID: 30430442 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-018-9359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With increasing interest in peracetic acid (PAA) as a disinfectant in water treatment processes, this study determined PAA treatment effects on human noroviruses (hNoVs) genotype I (GI) and genotype II (GII) as well as effects on bacteriophage MS2 and murine norovirus (MNV) in relation to pH. Across all pH conditions, PAA achieved between 0.2 and 2.5 log10 reduction of hNoVs over 120 min contact time in buffer solution as measured by reverse transcription-qPCR (RT-qPCR). The PAA treatments produced similar RT-qPCR reductions of MS2 and MNV, in the range of 0.2-2.7 log10. Infectivity assays achieved > 4 log10 reduction of both MS2 and MNV in buffer solution after 120 min contact time. Comparing PAA activity across varying pH, disinfection at pH 8.5, in general, resulted in less reduction of infectivity and molecular signals compared to pH conditions of 6.5 and 7.5. This difference was most pronounced for reductions in infectivity of MNV and MS2, with as much as 2.7 log10 less reduction at pH 8.5 relative to lower pH conditions. This study revealed that PAA was an effective disinfectant for treatment of hNoV GI and GII, MS2 and MNV, with greatest virus reduction observed for MS2 and MNV infectivity. RT-qPCR reductions of MS2 and MNV were lower than concurrent MS2 and MNV infectivity reductions, suggesting that observed hNoV RT-qPCR reductions may underestimate reductions in hNoV infectivity achieved by PAA. Although virus disinfection by PAA occurred at all evaluated pH levels, PAA is most effective at pH 6.5-7.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Dunkin
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caroline Coulter
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - ShihChi Weng
- JHU/Stantec Alliance, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph G Jacangelo
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- JHU/Stantec Alliance, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- MWH-Stantec, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kellogg J Schwab
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- JHU/Stantec Alliance, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Leiva AM, Albarrán A, López D, Vidal G. Evaluation of phytotoxicity of effluents from activated sludge and constructed wetland system for wastewater reuse. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 79:656-667. [PMID: 30975932 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxicity of wastewater treated with horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) and activated sludge (AS) system using disinfection treatment such chlorination and ultraviolet (UV) system. To assess the impact of the reuse of different effluents (HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV, AS-Cl and AS-UV), bioassays using seeds of Raphanus sativus (R. sativus) and Triticum aestivum (T. aestivum), were performed on both Petri dishes and soil. Different treated wastewater concentrations were varied (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 100%) and the percentage of germination inhibition (PGI), percentage of epicotyl elongation (PEE) and germination index (GI) were determined. Positive effects (PGI and PEE <0% and GI >80%) of HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV, AS-Cl and AS-UV effluents on germination and epicotyl elongation of R. sativus and T. aestivum were observed in Petri dishes bioassays. However, toxic effects of HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV and AS-Cl on seeds germination and epicotyl elongation of both plant species were detected in soil samples (PGI and PEE >0% and GI <80%). Only R. sativus seeds to be irrigated with AS-UV achieved GI values above 86% for all concentrations evaluated. These results indicated that AS-UV effluent had a positive effect on seeds germination and can be recommended for treated wastewater reuse in agricultural irrigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Leiva
- Engineering and Environmental Biotechnology Group, Environmental Science Faculty & EULA-Chile Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile E-mail:
| | - Adrián Albarrán
- Engineering and Environmental Biotechnology Group, Environmental Science Faculty & EULA-Chile Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile E-mail:
| | - Daniela López
- Engineering and Environmental Biotechnology Group, Environmental Science Faculty & EULA-Chile Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile E-mail:
| | - Gladys Vidal
- Engineering and Environmental Biotechnology Group, Environmental Science Faculty & EULA-Chile Center, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Domínguez Henao L, Turolla A, Antonelli M. Disinfection by-products formation and ecotoxicological effects of effluents treated with peracetic acid: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 213:25-40. [PMID: 30212717 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) has gained increasing attention over the last decades as a suitable and environmentally-friendly alternative to chlorine-based compounds for wastewater disinfection, claiming limited disinfection by-products (DBPs) formed and no persistent residues in the environment. The present work aims at presenting a comprehensive and updated review of the ecotoxicological effects of effluents treated with PAA, to be ascribed to residual PAA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and DBP formation. Modest concentrations of DBPs have been observed after PAA treatment, mainly carboxylic acids, which are not recognized as genotoxic. Moreover, there is no evidence of any endocrine disruption potential of PAA in human health or in the ecotoxicological studies. The associated H2O2 fraction can potentially minimize the formation of halogenated DBPs and also contribute to the acute toxic effects of treated effluents. Effluents disinfected with PAA at concentrations typical of the wastewater treatment field have displayed limited toxic, mutagenic and genotoxic effects on different aquatic organisms, particularly low compared to chlorine-based disinfectants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Domínguez Henao
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Turolla
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Antonelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA) - Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jeong MI, Park SY, Ha SD. Effects of sodium hypochlorite and peroxyacetic acid on the inactivation of murine norovirus-1 in Chinese cabbage and green onion. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
21
|
Xia Y, Liu X, Wang D, Wang Z, Liu Q, Yu H, Zhang M, Song Y. A fluorometric and mitochondrion-targetable probe for rapid, naked-eye test of hypochlorite in real samples. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
22
|
Weng S, Dunkin N, Schwab KJ, McQuarrie J, Bell K, Jacangelo JG. Infectivity reduction efficacy of UV irradiation and peracetic acid-UV combined treatment on MS2 bacteriophage and murine norovirus in secondary wastewater effluent. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 221:1-9. [PMID: 29793207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) is a strong oxidant/bactericide that has been applied in various industries (e.g., food processing, pharmaceuticals, medical device sterilization, etc.) as a disinfectant. There is increasing interest in using PAA for wastewater disinfection because it does not form halogenated byproducts, and no post-treatment quenching is required. Previous studies have demonstrated good efficiency in controlling bacteria in wastewater, but limited information is available for viruses, especially those hosted by mammals (e.g., norovirus). Therefore, a study on the infectivity reduction of murine norovirus (MNV) was undertaken to evaluate the disinfection efficacy of PAA or UV alone and in combination with UV irradiation in undisinfected secondary effluent from a municipal wastewater reclamation facility (MWW) and phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 7. Experiments employing MS2 bacteriophage were also performed in parallel for comparison purposes. MS2 infectivity reduction was found to be lower than MNV infectivity reduction for each condition studied - PAA, PAA + UV, and UV disinfection. These data suggest that MS2 may not be an appropriate surrogate to accurately predict the reduction of MNV infectivity. UV irradiation, in a dose range of 5-250 mJ/cm2, provided linear log inactivation (-log (N/N0)) with a regression slope (cm2mJ-1) of 0.031-0.034 and 0.165-0.202 for MS2 and MNV, respectively. UV irradiation provided similar inactivation for MS2 and MNV in both suspensions (PBS or MWW). Low infectivity reduction of MS2 was observed when PAA was used alone at a practical dose of 1.5 mg/L and below. A greater reduction of both MNV and MS2 was observed in PAA disinfection experiments using PBS as the microbial suspension medium, than in secondary effluent. Similar results were observed in PAA + UV experiments, in which greater synergistic effects were found in PBS than in MWW. Results of OH radical formation experiments suggest the presence of radical scavengers in MWW, which resulted in less opportunity for MNV and MS2 to encounter OHradicals. This study also demonstrated that the type of water can have a substantial impact on wastewater disinfection when employing PAA or PAA + UV treatment due to the matrix effect and the presence of radical scavengers, respectively. The results from this study could be employed to aid in the conceptual design of PAA and UV disinfection facilities, especially when norovirus is the organism of concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ShihChi Weng
- JHU/MWH Alliance, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Nathan Dunkin
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Kellogg J Schwab
- JHU/MWH Alliance, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - James McQuarrie
- Metro Wastewater Reclamation District, Denver, CO 80229, United States
| | - Kati Bell
- Stantec, Washington, DC 20005, United States
| | - Joseph G Jacangelo
- JHU/MWH Alliance, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Stantec, Washington, DC 20005, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zwarg JRRM, Morales DA, Maselli BS, Brack W, Umbuzeiro GA. Miniaturization of the microsuspension Salmonella/microsome assay in agar microplates. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:488-501. [PMID: 29668047 DOI: 10.1002/em.22195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Salmonella/microsome assay (Ames test) is the most widely used mutagenicity test for the evaluation of pure chemicals and environmental samples. There are several versions of protocols available in the literature, including those that reduce the amount of sample needed for testing with liquid and agar media. The microsuspension version of the Salmonella/microsome assay is more sensitive than the standard protocol. It is performed using 5-times concentrated bacteria and less sample and S9 mixture, but still uses conventional Petri dishes (90 × 15 mm). It has been extensively used for environmental sample testing, including in effect-directed analysis (EDA). The objective of this study was to miniaturize the microsuspension assay using 12-well microplates instead of the conventional plates. For validation of this miniaturization, thirteen mutagenic compounds were tested using three Salmonella strains that were selected based on their different spontaneous reversion frequencies (low, medium, and high). The conditions of the miniaturized procedure were made as similar as possible to the microsuspension protocol, using the same testing design, metabolic activation, and data interpretation, and the tests were conducted in parallel. The miniaturized plate assay (MPA) and microsuspension procedures provided similar sensitivities although MPA is less laborious and require less sample and reagents, thereby reducing overall costs. We conclude that the MPA is a promising tool and can be particularly suitable for environmental studies such as EDA or monitoring programs. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:488-501, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel A Morales
- School of Technology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca S Maselli
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Werner Brack
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gisela A Umbuzeiro
- School of Technology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Assessment of a colorimetric method for the measurement of low concentrations of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide in water. Talanta 2018; 183:209-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
25
|
Zhang C, Brown PJB, Hu Z. Thermodynamic properties of an emerging chemical disinfectant, peracetic acid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:948-959. [PMID: 29191692 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA or CH3COOOH) is an emerging disinfectant with a low potential to form carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs). Basic thermodynamic properties of PAA are, however, absent or inconsistently reported in the literature. This review aimed to summarize important thermodynamic properties of PAA, including standard Gibbs energy of formation and oxidation-reduction (redox) potential. The standard Gibbs energies of formation of CH3COOOH(aq), CH3COOOH(g), CH3COOOH(l), and CH3COOO(aq)- are -299.41kJ·mol-1, -283.02kJ·mol-1, -276.10kJ·mol-1, and -252.60kJ·mol-1, respectively. The standard redox potentials of PAA are 1.748V and 1.005V vs. standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) at pH 0 and pH 14, respectively. Under biochemical standard state conditions (pH 7, 25°C, 101,325Pa), PAA has a redox potential of 1.385V vs. SHE, higher than many disinfectants. Finally, the environmental implications of the thermodynamic properties of PAA were systematically discussed. Those properties can be used to predict the physicochemical and biological behavior of aquatic systems exposed to PAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiqian Zhang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Pamela J B Brown
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dunkin N, Weng S, Coulter CG, Jacangelo JG, Schwab KJ. Reduction of Human Norovirus GI, GII, and Surrogates by Peracetic Acid and Monochloramine in Municipal Secondary Wastewater Effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11918-11927. [PMID: 28910089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize human norovirus (hNoV) GI and GII reductions during disinfection by peracetic acid (PAA) and monochloramine in secondary wastewater (WW) and phosphate buffer (PB) as assessed by reverse transcription-qPCR (RT-qPCR). Infectivity and RT-qPCR reductions are also presented for surrogate viruses murine norovirus (MNV) and bacteriophage MS2 under identical experimental conditions to aid in interpretation of hNoV molecular data. In WW, RT-qPCR reductions were less than 0.5 log10 for all viruses at concentration-time (CT) values up to 450 mg-min/L except for hNoV GI, where 1 log10 reduction was observed at CT values of less than 50 mg-min/L for monochloramine and 200 mg-min/L for PAA. In PB, hNoV GI and MNV exhibited comparable resistance to PAA and monochloramine with CT values for 2 log10 RT-qPCR reduction between 300 and 360 mg-min/L. Less than 1 log10 reduction was observed for MS2 and hNoV GII in PB at CT values for both disinfectants up to 450 mg-min/L. Our results indicate that hNoVs exhibit genogroup dependent resistance and that disinfection practices targeting hNoV GII will result in equivalent or greater reductions for hNoV GI. These data provide valuable comparisons between hNoV and surrogate molecular signals that can begin the process of informing regulators and engineers on WW treatment plant design and operational practices necessary to inactivate hNoVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Dunkin
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - ShihChi Weng
- JHU/MWH-Stantec Alliance, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Caroline G Coulter
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Joseph G Jacangelo
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- JHU/MWH-Stantec Alliance, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- MWH-Stantec , Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Kellogg J Schwab
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- JHU/MWH-Stantec Alliance, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ragazzo P, Feretti D, Monarca S, Dominici L, Ceretti E, Viola G, Piccolo V, Chiucchini N, Villarini M. Evaluation of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and apoptosis of wastewater before and after disinfection with performic acid. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 116:44-52. [PMID: 28292679 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection with performic acid (PFA) represents an emerging technology in wastewater treatment. Many recent studies indicate its effectiveness and suitability as a disinfectant for different applications; several have demonstrated its reliability as an alternative to chlorine for disinfecting secondary effluents from urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Some disinfection technologies, in relation to their oxidative power, lead to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), some of which are of concern for their toxic and carcinogenic potential. The aim of this study was to investigate potential genotoxic, cytotoxic, and mutagenic effects of this disinfection agent on treated secondary effluent coming from a municipal WWTP. A strategy with multiple short-term tests and different target cells (bacterial, plant, and mammalian) was adopted to explore a relatively wide range of potential genotoxic events. The Ames test (point mutation in Salmonella), the micronucleus (chromosomal damage) and Comet tests (primary DNA damage) on human hepatic cells (HepG2) were conducted to detect mutagenicity and chromosomal DNA alterations. DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial potential assays were conducted to evaluate apoptosis in the same kinds of cells. Mutagenic and clastogenic effect potentials were evaluated by examining micronucleus formation in Allium cepa root cells. In all the in vitro tests, carried out on both disinfected and non-disinfected effluents, negative results were always obtained for mutagenic and genotoxic effects. In the Allium cepa tests, however, some non-concentrated wastewater samples after PFA treatment induced a slight increase in micronucleus frequencies in root cells, but not in a dose-related manner. In conclusion, PFA applied for disinfection to a secondary effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant did not contribute to the release of genotoxic or mutagenic compounds. Further studies are required to establish to which extent these findings can be generalized to support PFA for other disinfection applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ragazzo
- Azienda Servizi Integrati S.p.A., Via Calnova, 31, 30027, San Donà di Piave, VE, Italy.
| | - Donatella Feretti
- University of Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Italy
| | - Silvano Monarca
- University of Perugia, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), Italy
| | - Luca Dominici
- University of Perugia, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ceretti
- University of Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Italy
| | - Gaia Viola
- University of Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Italy
| | - Valentina Piccolo
- Azienda Servizi Integrati S.p.A., Via Calnova, 31, 30027, San Donà di Piave, VE, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Chiucchini
- Azienda Servizi Integrati S.p.A., Via Calnova, 31, 30027, San Donà di Piave, VE, Italy
| | - Milena Villarini
- University of Perugia, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Unit of Public Health), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Assessment of mutagenicity of water from Lake Sevan, Armenia with application of Tradescantia (clone 02). Mutat Res 2017; 800-802:8-13. [PMID: 28431268 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
For many decades water resources in Armenia have been affected by anthropogenic activity, therefore, a regular bioindication of genotoxic effects of the water bodies is desirable. The genotoxicity of water samples collected from different parts of Lake Sevan were assessed by means of Trad-SHM (stamen hair mutation) assay using Tradescantia (clone 02). Here we report a significant increase in the frequency of somatic mutations and morphological changes in the Tradescantia inflorescences exposed to the water samples compared to the control. The somatic mutations (recessive mutation and white mutation events) were mostly linked to the concentration of Al, Ni, As, Co and Pb in Artanish, Tsapatakh and Karchaghbyur, Noradus, Martuni and Litchk, while morphological changes (non-surviving hairs) were related to Co level in Tsapatakh and Karchaghbyur. The results obtained show that Lake Sevan contains substances which may cause genotoxicity and teratogenicity in Tradescantia and probably also in aquatic animals. The results also show that Trad-SHM assay can be used for monitoring natural resources.
Collapse
|
29
|
Lonigro A, Montemurro N, Laera G. Effects of residual disinfectant on soil and lettuce crop irrigated with chlorinated water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:595-602. [PMID: 28129907 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The accidental or continuous release of residual chlorine in water reclaimed for irrigational purposes could compromise the crop yield and increase the load of toxic organo-halogenated compounds, posing additional risks for environment and human health. This study was aimed at assessing the consequences of using chlorinated water for irrigating lettuce crops grown in pots with two different types of soil. The results show that the accumulation of extractable organo-halogenated compounds (EOX) in soil, roots and leaves is directly related to the chlorine concentration in the irrigation water. The accumulation of EOX in sandy soils is not significant, while it reached up to 300% of the control in the silty-clay soil, demonstrating that the phenomenon is linked to the organic matter content in the soil. The accumulation of EOX in the soil appears to play a significant role in subsequent bioaccumulation in cultures irrigated with tap water (long term memory effect). Chloramines also demonstrated to have similar impacts as the free chlorine from hypochlorite. The consistent bioaccumulation of 400-700μgClkg-1 of EOX in the leaves of crops irrigated with just 0.2mgClL-1 of residual chlorine, as compared to levels below the detection limit of 75μgClkg-1 in the control crops, evidences the potential impact on food chain and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lonigro
- Università di Bari - Dipartimento Scienze Agro-Ambientali e Territoriali - Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - N Montemurro
- Università di Bari - Dipartimento Scienze Agro-Ambientali e Territoriali - Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Laera
- Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque - CNR, Viale F. De Blasio, 70132 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dunkin N, Weng S, Schwab KJ, McQuarrie J, Bell K, Jacangelo JG. Comparative Inactivation of Murine Norovirus and MS2 Bacteriophage by Peracetic Acid and Monochloramine in Municipal Secondary Wastewater Effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:2972-2981. [PMID: 28165216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chlorination has long been used for disinfection of municipal wastewater (MWW) effluent while the use peracetic acid (PAA) has been proposed more recently in the United States. Previous work has demonstrated the bactericidal effectiveness of PAA and monochloramine in wastewater, but limited information is available for viruses, especially ones of mammalian origin (e.g., norovirus). Therefore, a comparative assessment was performed of the virucidal efficacy of PAA and monochloramine against murine norovirus (MNV) and MS2 bacteriophage in secondary effluent MWW and phosphate buffer (PB). A suite of inactivation kinetic models was fit to the viral inactivation data. Predicted concentration-time (CT) values for 1-log10 MS2 reduction by PAA and monochloramine in MWW were 1254 and 1228 mg-min/L, respectively. The 1-, 2-, and 3-log10 model predicted CT values for MNV viral reduction in MWW were 32, 47, and 69 mg-min/L for PAA and 6, 13, and 28 mg-min/L for monochloramine, respectively. Wastewater treatment plant disinfection practices informed by MS2 inactivation data will likely be protective for public health but may overestimate CT values for reduction of MNV. Additionally, equivalent CT values in PB resulted in greater viral reduction which indicate that viral inactivation data in laboratory grade water may not be generalizable to MWW applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Dunkin
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - ShihChi Weng
- JHU/MWH-Stantec Alliance, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Kellogg J Schwab
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- JHU/MWH-Stantec Alliance, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - James McQuarrie
- Metro Wastewater Reclamation District, Denver Colorado 80229, United States
| | - Kati Bell
- MWH (now part of Stantec), Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Joseph G Jacangelo
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- JHU/MWH-Stantec Alliance, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- MWH (now part of Stantec), Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang C, Hu Z, Li P, Gajaraj S. Governing factors affecting the impacts of silver nanoparticles on wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:852-873. [PMID: 27542630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (nanosilver or AgNPs) enter municipal wastewater from various sources, raising concerns about their potential adverse effects on wastewater treatment processes. We argue that the biological effects of silver nanoparticles at environmentally realistic concentrations (μgL-1 or lower) on the performance of a full-scale municipal water resource recovery facility (WRRF) are minimal. Reactor configuration is a critical factor that reduces or even mutes the toxicity of silver nanoparticles towards wastewater microbes in a full-scale WRRF. Municipal sewage collection networks transform silver nanoparticles into silver(I)-complexes/precipitates with low ecotoxicity, and preliminary/primary treatment processes in front of biological treatment utilities partially remove silver nanoparticles to sludge. Microbial functional redundancy and microbial adaptability to silver nanoparticles also greatly alleviate the adverse effects of silver nanoparticles on the performance of a full-scale WRRF. Silver nanoparticles in a lab-scale bioreactor without a sewage collection system and/or a preliminary/primary treatment process, in contrast to being in a full scale system, may deteriorate the reactor performance at relatively high concentrations (e.g., mgL-1 levels or higher). However, in many cases, silver nanoparticles have minimal impacts on lab-scale bioreactors, such as sequencing batch bioreactors (SBRs), especially when at relatively low concentrations (e.g., less than 1mgL-1). The susceptibility of wastewater microbes to silver nanoparticles is species-specific. In general, silver nanoparticles have higher toxicity towards nitrifying bacteria than heterotrophic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiqian Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ping Li
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shashikanth Gajaraj
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Luukkonen T, Heyninck T, Rämö J, Lassi U. Comparison of organic peracids in wastewater treatment: Disinfection, oxidation and corrosion. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 85:275-285. [PMID: 26342181 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of organic peracids in wastewater treatment is attracting increasing interest. The common beneficial features of peracids are effective anti-microbial properties, lack of harmful disinfection by-products and high oxidation power. In this study performic (PFA), peracetic (PAA) and perpropionic acids (PPA) were synthesized and compared in laboratory batch experiments for the inactivation of Escherichia coli and enterococci in tertiary wastewater, oxidation of bisphenol-A and for corrosive properties. Disinfection tests revealed PFA to be a more potent disinfectant than PAA or PPA. 1.5 mg L(-1) dose and 2 min of contact time already resulted in 3.0 log E. coli and 1.2 log enterococci reduction. Operational costs of disinfection were estimated to be 0.0114, 0.0261 and 0.0207 €/m(3) for PFA, PAA and PPA, respectively. Disinfection followed the first order kinetics (Hom model or S-model) with all studied peracids. However, in the bisphenol-A oxidation experiments involving Fenton-like conditions (pH = 3.5, Fe(2+) or Cu(2+) = 0.4 mM) peracids brought no additional improvement to traditionally used and lower cost hydrogen peroxide. Corrosion measurements showed peracids to cause only a negligible corrosion rate (<6 μm year(-1)) on stainless steel 316L while corrosion rates on the carbon steel sample were significantly higher (<500 μm year(-1)).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tero Luukkonen
- University of Oulu, Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland; Kajaani University of Applied Sciences, Kuntokatu 5, FI-87101, Kajaani, Finland.
| | - Tom Heyninck
- Artesis Plantijn University College, Wetenschap en Techniek, Kronenburgstraat 47, BE-2000, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jaakko Rämö
- University of Oulu, Thule Institute, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Ulla Lassi
- University of Oulu, Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland; University of Jyvaskyla, Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius, Unit of Applied Chemistry, Talonpojankatu 2B, FI-67100 Kokkola, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang D, Bolton JR, Andrews SA, Hofmann R. Formation of disinfection by-products in the ultraviolet/chlorine advanced oxidation process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 518-519:49-57. [PMID: 25747363 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection by-product (DBP) formation may be a concern when applying ultraviolet light and free chlorine (UV/chlorine) as an advanced oxidation process (AOP) for drinking water treatment, due to typically large chlorine doses (e.g. 5-10 mg L(-1) as free chlorine). A potential mitigating factor is the low chlorine contact times for this AOP treatment (e.g. seconds). Full-scale and pilot-scale test results showed minimal trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA) formation during UV/chlorine treatment, while dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) and bromochloroacetonitrile (BCAN) were produced rapidly. Adsorbable organic halide (AOX) formation was significant when applying the UV/chlorine process in water that had not been previously chlorinated, while little additional formation was observed in prechlorinated water. Chlorine photolysis led to chlorate and bromate formation, equivalent to approximately 2-17% and 0.01-0.05% of the photolyzed chlorine, respectively. No perchlorate or chlorite formation was observed. During simulated secondary disinfection of AOP-treated water, DBP formation potential for THMs, HAAs, HANs, and AOX was observed to increase approximately to the same extent as was observed for pretreatment using the more common AOP of UV combined with hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, 35. St. George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada.
| | - James R Bolton
- Bolton Photosciences Inc., 628 Cheriton Cres., NW, Edmonton, AB T6R 2M5, Canada
| | - Susan A Andrews
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, 35. St. George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Ron Hofmann
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, 35. St. George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Michael-Kordatou I, Michael C, Duan X, He X, Dionysiou DD, Mills MA, Fatta-Kassinos D. Dissolved effluent organic matter: Characteristics and potential implications in wastewater treatment and reuse applications. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 77:213-248. [PMID: 25917290 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater reuse is currently considered globally as the most critical element of sustainable water management. The dissolved effluent organic matter (dEfOM) present in biologically treated urban wastewater, consists of a heterogeneous mixture of refractory organic compounds with diverse structures and varying origin, including dissolved natural organic matter, soluble microbial products, endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products residues, disinfection by-products, metabolites/transformation products and others, which can reach the aquatic environment through discharge and reuse applications. dEfOM constitutes the major fraction of the effluent organic matter (EfOM) and due to its chemical complexity, it is necessary to utilize a battery of complementary techniques to adequately describe its structural and functional character. dEfOM has been shown to exhibit contrasting effects towards various aquatic organisms. It decreases metal uptake, thus potentially reducing their bioavailability to exposed organisms. On the other hand, dEfOM can be adsorbed on cell membranes inducing toxic effects. This review paper evaluates the performance of various advanced treatment processes (i.e., membrane filtration and separation processes, activated carbon adsorption, ion-exchange resin process, and advanced chemical oxidation processes) in removing dEfOM from wastewater effluents. In general, the literature findings reveal that dEfOM removal by advanced treatment processes depends on the type and the amount of organic compounds present in the aqueous matrix, as well as the operational parameters and the removal mechanisms taking place during the application of each treatment technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Michael-Kordatou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nireas-International Water Research Centre, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - C Michael
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nireas-International Water Research Centre, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - X Duan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nireas-International Water Research Centre, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0071, USA
| | - X He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nireas-International Water Research Centre, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0071, USA
| | - D D Dionysiou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nireas-International Water Research Centre, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0071, USA
| | - M A Mills
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, 26 W, Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - D Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nireas-International Water Research Centre, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Meinelt T, Phan TM, Behrens S, Wienke A, Pedersen LF, Liu D, Straus DL. Growth inhibition of Aeromonas salmonicida and Yersinia ruckeri by disinfectants containing peracetic acid. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2015; 113:207-213. [PMID: 25850398 DOI: 10.3354/dao02847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) is a therapeutic agent used for disinfection in aquaculture, but it must be investigated thoroughly in order to mitigate diseases without harming the fish. Successful disinfectants (like PAA) should not leave dangerous residues in the environment in order to successfully contribute to sustainable aquaculture. The aim of our study was to compare the effectiveness of 6 commercial PAA products with different molecular PAA:H2O2 ratios to reduce bacterial growth of Aeromonas salmonicida and Yersinia ruckeri and to determine effective concentrations and exposure times. All products reduced colony-forming units (CFUs) of A. salmonicida and Y. ruckeri. Products with higher molecular PAA:H2O2 ratios inhibited growth better than products with lower molecular PAA:H2O2 ratios at the same PAA concentration; this indicates that H2O2 is not the driving force in the reduction of A. salmonicida and Y. ruckeri growth by PAA in vitro. The practical application of the products with high molecular PAA:H2O2 ratios should be prioritized if these pathogens are diagnosed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Meinelt
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Schnell S, Olivares A, Piña B, Echavarri-Erasun B, Lacorte S, Porte C. The combined use of the PLHC-1 cell line and the recombinant yeast assay to assess the environmental quality of estuarine and coastal sediments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 77:282-9. [PMID: 24139644 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sediment contamination poses a potential risk for both ecosystems and human health. Risk assessment is troublesome as sediments contain complex mixtures of toxicants, and traditional chemical analyses can neither provide information about potential hazards to organisms nor identify and measure all present contaminants. This work combines the use of the PLHC-1 cell line and the recombinant yeast assay (RYA) to assess the environmental quality of estuarine and coastal sediments. The application of multiple endpoints (cytotoxicity, generation of oxidative stress, presence of CYP1A inducing agents, micronucleus formation and estrogenicity) revealed that the organic extracts of those sediments affected by industrial activities or collected near harbours and untreated urban discharges showed significant cytotoxicity, micronuclei and CYP1A induction. The study highlights the usefulness of the applied bioassays to identify those sediments that could pose risk to aquatic organisms and that require further action to improve their environmental quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schnell
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Canistro D, Melega S, Ranieri D, Sapone A, Gustavino B, Monfrinotti M, Rizzoni M, Paolini M. Modulation of cytochrome P450 and induction of DNA damage in Cyprinus carpio exposed in situ to surface water treated with chlorine or alternative disinfectants in different seasons. Mutat Res 2012; 729:81-89. [PMID: 22001235 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown an association between consumption of disinfected drinking water and adverse health outcomes. The chemicals used to disinfect water react with occurring organic matter and anthropogenic contaminants in the source water, resulting in the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). The observations that some DBPs are carcinogenic in animal models have raised public concern over the possible adverse health effects for humans. Here, the modulation of liver cytochrome P450-linked monooxygenases (MFO) and the genotoxic effects in erythrocytes of Cyprinus carpio fish exposed in situ to surface drinking water in the presence of disinfectants, such as sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) and peracetic acid (PAA), were investigated in winter and summer. A complex induction/suppression pattern of CYP-associated MFOs in winter was observed for all disinfectants. For example, a 3.4- to 15-fold increase was recorded of the CYP2B1/2-linked dealkylation of penthoxyresorufin with NaClO (10 days) and PAA (20 days). In contrast, ClO(2) generated the most notable inactivation, the CYP2E1-supported hydroxylation of p-nitrophenol being decreased up to 71% after 10 days' treatment. In summer, the degree of modulation was modest, with the exception of CYP3A1/2 and CYP1A1 supported MFOs (62% loss after 20 days PAA). The micronucleus (MN) induction in fish circulating erythrocytes was also analysed as an endpoint of genotoxic potential in the same fish population. Significant increases of MN induction were detected at the latest sampling time on fish exposed to surface water treated with chlorinate-disinfectants, both in winter (NaClO) and summer (NaClO and ClO(2)), while no effect was observed in fish exposed to PAA-treated water. These results show that water disinfection may be responsible for harmful outcomes in terms of MFO perturbation and DNA damage; if extrapolated to humans, they ultimately offer a possible rationale for the increased urinary cancer risk recorded in regular drinking water consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Canistro
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Alma-Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gustavino B, Ceretti E, Zani C, Zerbini I, Rizzoni M, Monarca S, Feretti D. Influence of Temperature on Mutagenicity in Plants Exposed to Surface Disinfected Drinking Water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2012.48074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
39
|
Marjani A, Golalipour MJ, Gharravi AM. The effects of subacute exposure of peracetic Acid on lipid peroxidation and hepatic enzymes in wistar rats. Oman Med J 2011; 25:256-60. [PMID: 22043353 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2010.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to determine the effect of subacute exposure of peracetic acid on lipid peroxidation and hepatic enzymes in Wistar rats. METHODS 48 male animals in Treatment Group I, II and III received 0.2%, 2% and 20% peracetic acid daily for 2 and 4 weeks. RESULTS Serum malondialdehyde increased and Alanine Transaminase and Aspartate Transaminase decreased significantly in groups 2 and 3, compared to the control group. The malondialdehyde, Alanine Transaminase and Aspartate Transaminase with 0.2% and 2% doses of peracetic acid for 2 weeks do not lead to the alteration of malondialdehyde and enzyme activities. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the enhancement of malondialdehyde could provide an oxidative damage induced by disinfectant peroxidation at 20% and 2% doses at 2 and 4 weeks. The consumption of peroxidation with 20% for 2 weeks and 2% for 4 weeks can cause the increase of malondialdehyde and the decrease of enzyme activities, respectively.
Collapse
|
40
|
Thewes MR, Junior DE, Droste A. Genotoxicity biomonitoring of sewage in two municipal wastewater treatment plants using the Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea bioassay. Genet Mol Biol 2011; 34:689-93. [PMID: 22215975 PMCID: PMC3229126 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572011005000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genotoxicity of untreated and treated sewage from two municipal wastewater treatment plants (WTP BN and WTP SJN) in the municipality of Porto Alegre, in the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, was evaluated over a one-year period using the Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea (Trad-MCN) bioassay. Inflorescences of T. pallida var. purpurea were exposed to sewage samples in February (summer), April (autumn), July (winter) and October (spring) 2009, and the micronuclei (MCN) frequencies were estimated in each period. The high genotoxicity of untreated sewage from WTP BN in February and April was not observed in treated sewage, indicating the efficiency of treatment at this WTP. However, untreated and treated sewage samples from WTP SJN had high MCN frequencies, except in October, when rainfall may have been responsible for reducing these frequencies at both WTPs. Physicochemical analyses of sewage from both WTPs indicated elevated concentrations of organic matter that were higher at WTP SJN than at WTP BN. Chromium was detected in untreated and treated sewage from WTP SJN, but not in treated sewage from WTP BN. Lead was found in all untreated sewage samples from WTP SJN, but only in the summer and autumn at WTP BN. These results indicate that the short-term Trad-MCN genotoxicity assay may be useful for regular monitoring of municipal WTPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Regina Thewes
- Departamento Municipal de Água e Esgotos, Divisão de Pesquisa, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mišík M, Knasmueller S, Ferk F, Cichna-Markl M, Grummt T, Schaar H, Kreuzinger N. Impact of ozonation on the genotoxic activity of tertiary treated municipal wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:3681-3691. [PMID: 21565381 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation is an emerging technology for the removal of micropollutants from treated wastewater. Aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of ozone treatment on genotoxic and acute toxic effects of tertiary treated municipal wastewater. It is known that DNA-damaging chemicals cause adverse effects in the environment and that exposure to humans leads to cancer and other diseases. Toxicity was tested in organisms from three trophic levels namely in bacteria (Salmonella/microsome assays) which enable the detection of gene mutations, in a plant bioassay (micronucleus assay with root tip cells of Allium cepa) which reflects clastogenic and aneugenic effects and in single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) tests with mammalian cells which detect DNA migration caused by single-, double strand breaks and alkali labile sites. In the bacterial tests negative results were obtained with untreated samples but after concentration with C(18) cartridges a positive result was found in strains TA1537 and TA98 which are sensitive to frameshift mutagens while no mutations were induced in other tester strains (TA100, TA102 and YG1024). Ozone treatment led to a decrease of the mutagenic activity of the samples. In the SCGE experiments, DNA migration was detected with the unconcentrated effluent of the treatment plant and ozonation led to a substantial decrease of this effect. In the plant bioassays, negative results were obtained with the effluent and ozone treatment did not cause an alteration of the micronucleus frequencies. Also acute toxic effects were monitored in the different indicator organisms under all experimental conditions. The bacteriocidal/bacteriostatic effects which were seen with the concentrated samples were reduced by ozonation. In the experiments with the eukaryotic (plant and animal) cells no acute toxicity was seen with the effluents and ozonation had no impact on their viability. In conclusion findings of this study indicate that ozonation of tertiary effluents of a municipal treatment plant reduces the adverse effects caused by release of mutagens in aquatic ecosystems and does not decrease the viability of bacteria and eukaryotic cells. However, future research is required to find out if, and to which extent these findings can be generalized and which mechanisms account for the detoxification of the wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Misík M, Ma TH, Nersesyan A, Monarca S, Kim JK, Knasmueller S. Micronucleus assays with Tradescantia pollen tetrads: an update. Mutagenesis 2011; 26:215-21. [PMID: 21164205 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) assays with early pollen tetrad cells of Tradescantia (Trad-MN assays) are at present the most widely used bioassays with plants for the detection of genotoxins in the environment. So far, ∼ 160 chemicals have been tested and ∼ 100 articles that concern complex environmental mixtures were published. This article summarises the results of Trad-MN studies, which have been carried out during the last 15 years with individual compounds and investigations concerning the pollution of environmental compartments (soil, water and air). The evaluation shows that the effects of certain genotoxins such as heavy metals, radionuclides, pesticides and air pollutants can be easily detected with this test. Comparisons with results obtained in MN studies with mitotic (root tip) cells indicate that meiotic tetrad cells are in general more sensitive. Important issues for future research concern the evaluation of the suitability of wildlife Tradescantia species that are sometimes used instead of specific clones (such as #4430 for which standardised protocols have been developed) as well as the assessment of the predictive value of Trad-MN results in regard to the prediction of cancer hazards in humans and adverse effects at the ecosystem level. The fact that the genotoxic effects of certain compound such as metals, which can be detected with plant bioassays, in particular with the Trad-MN assay but not in other commonly used bioassays (e.g. in bacterial tests) makes them an essential element in the batteries for environmental monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Misík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Niknejad F, Morady M, Keshtkar A, Joshaghani H, Mardani A, Moazeni M. In vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Peroxy Acetic Acid Component (Percidine) on a Group of Fungi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/mj.2011.40.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
44
|
Gangadharan D, Harshvardan K, Gnanasekar G, Dixit D, Popat KM, Anand PS. Polymeric microspheres containing silver nanoparticles as a bactericidal agent for water disinfection. WATER RESEARCH 2010; 44:5481-5487. [PMID: 20673945 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 05/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A facile methodology has been developed by anchoring silver nanoparticles on to the macroporous methacrylic acid copolymer beads for disinfection of water in this study. Methacrylic acid copolymer beads are prepared by suspension polymerization technique. Silver nanoparticles formed on these copolymer beads by chemical reduction method are stable and are not washed away by water washing. Their stability is due to the interaction of nanoparticles with the carboxylic functional group on the copolymer beads. Copolymer beads containing silver nanoparticles are tested for their antibacterial activity against two gram positive and two gram negative bacteria. Antibacterial activity tested shows that they can be a potent biocidal material for water disinfection as they are highly effective against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria tested. The silver nanoparticles bound copolymer beads performed efficiently in bringing down the bacterial count to zero for all the strains tested except spore forming Bacillus subtilis which showed 99.9% reduction. There is no bacterial adsorption/adhesion on the copolymer beads containing silver nanoparticles proving them as effective water disinfectant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Gangadharan
- Reverse Osmosis Membrane Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Boukhoubza F, Jail A, Korchi F, Idrissi LL, Hannache H, Duarte JC, Hassani L, Nejmeddine A. Application of lime and calcium hypochlorite in the dephenolisation and discolouration of olive mill wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2009; 91:124-132. [PMID: 19720448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2009] [Revised: 06/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The application of hypochlorite for the removal of soluble COD, phenolic and polyphenolic like compounds, and other organic compounds responsible for the olive mill wastewater (OOWW) colour has been experimentally studied. After the OOWW filtration on a sand column, the effluent was subjected to a fast liming under optimal conditions. Lime application reduced polyphenols, COD and SS contents to half of their initial values but an important blackening of the treated OOWW was observed, especially when adding high concentrations of lime (10% (W/V) and 15% (W/V)). A second stage of treatment was applied using calcium hypochlorite. In this stage, removal of the studied compounds reached as much as 95% at higher concentrations, and particularly the colouring of OOWW which is generally difficult to eliminate was greatly reduced. The OOWW hypochloration acted through coagulation-flocculation and a rapid oxidation of the organic matter proceeded from the first 5min. The kinetic study of the degradation of the waste polluting compounds from liming showed that Ca(ClO)(2) reacts similarly in the elimination of organic compounds, polyphenols, SS and colouration. The analysis of the organochloride compounds generated by the reaction between hypochlorite and the organic compounds showed that DDD, DDT and the heptachlor contents exceeded the values recommended by the International and European drinking water standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Boukhoubza
- Département de Biologie, Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie, Ecotoxicologie & Assainissement, Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Marrakech, Morocco
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Antonelli M, Mezzanotte V, Panouillères M. Assessment of peracetic acid disinfected effluents by microbiotests. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:6579-6584. [PMID: 19764220 DOI: 10.1021/es900913t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bioassays were performed by commercially available kits on peracetic acid (PAA) solutions, at different concentrations, and on secondary effluents (from two different wastewater treatment plants) after disinfection at bench-scale, considering both samples containing residual active PAA and the same samples where residual PAA was quenched. Four indicator organisms were used: Vibrio fischeri, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphnia magna, and Selenastrum capricornutum. The experiments lead to conclude that Thamnocephalus platyurus is a very sensitive organism, probably not adequate to perform a reliable toxicity assessment of effluents for monitoring purposes. The presence of specific organic compounds deriving from human metabolism and urban pollution, even at very low concentrations, can affect the results of bioassays, especially those performed on Vibrio fischeri. PAA is toxic for bacteria and crustaceans even at concentrations lower than the ones commonly used in wastewater disinfection (2-5 mg/L), while its effect on algae is smaller. The toxic effect on bacteria was expected, as PAA is used for disinfection, but its possible influence on biological processes in the receiving aquatic environment should be considered. Toxicity on crustaceans would confirm the fact that discharging disinfected effluents could raise some environmental problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Antonelli
- Politecnico di Milano, DIIAR-Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Allium cepa test in environmental monitoring: a review on its application. Mutat Res 2009; 682:71-81. [PMID: 19577002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Higher plants are recognized as excellent genetic models to detect environmental mutagens and are frequently used in monitoring studies. Among the plant species, Alium cepa has been used to evaluate DNA damages, such as chromosome aberrations and disturbances in the mitotic cycle. Employing the A. cepa as a test system to detect mutagens dates back to the 40s. It has been used to this day to assess a great number of chemical agents, which contributes to its increasing application in environmental monitoring. The A. cepa is characterized as a low cost test. It is easily handled and has advantages over other short-term tests that require previous preparations of tested samples, as well as the addition of exogenous metabolic system. Higher plants, even showing low concentrations of oxidase enzymes and a limitation in the substrate specification in relation to other organism groups, present consistent results that may serve as a warning to other biological systems, since the target is DNA, common to all organisms. The A. cepa test also enables the evaluation of different endpoints. Among the endpoints, chromosome aberrations have been the most used one to detect genotoxicity along the years. The mitotic index and some nuclear abnormalities are used to evaluate citotoxicity and analyze micronucleus to verify mutagenicity of different chemicals. Moreover, the A. cepa test system provides important information to evaluate action mechanisms of an agent about its effects on the genetic material (clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects). In the face of all the advantages that the A. cepa test system offers, it has been widely used to assess the impacts caused by xenobiotics, characterizing an important tool for environmental monitoring studies, where satisfactory results have been reported.
Collapse
|
48
|
Bonetta S, Carraro E, Bonetta S, Pignata C, Pavan I, Romano C, Gilli G. Application of semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) to assess air genotoxicity in an occupational environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 75:1446-1452. [PMID: 19289247 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) is a passive sampler that sequesters lipophilic contaminants, mimicking the bioconcentration in the fatty tissue of organisms. This study was designed to assess the use of SPMD and biological tests (Comet assay and Ames test) for air monitoring. For this purpose an occupational environment with expected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination (coke plant) was selected for a case study. The SPMDs were deployed in five occupational contaminated sites and in a control site. The SPMD dialysates were chemically analysed and examined for in vitro DNA-damaging activity in human cells (Jurkat) by Comet assay and for mutagenicity with the Ames test (TA98 strain, w/o S9). Total suspended particulates were also collected and analysed (GC-MS). No biological effect of SPMD extract was revealed in the control site. On the other hand, air samples collected with SPMDs within the coke plant showed variable degrees of genotoxic and mutagenic activity. The highest effects were associated with the highest PAH level recovered in the SPMDs extracts and in particulate samples. Results obtained support the sensitivity of biological tests associated to SPMD sampling for evaluating the health risk of potentially contaminated work environments highlighting the usefulness of SPMDs for environmental air quality monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sa Bonetta
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Via Bellini 25/G, 15100 Alessandria, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of sodium hypochlorite on human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro. Cytotechnology 2009; 59:113-9. [PMID: 19484372 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-009-9201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorination is widely used method in the disinfection of drinking and utility water worldwide. In this study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of sodium hypochlorite were investigated by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and chromosomal aberration analysis on human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro. A significant increase in chromosomal aberration frequency was observed in all treatments of NaOCl (0.030, 0.065, 0.100, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 mug/mL) at 24 and 48 h compared with the negative control and mitomycin C (MMC, 0.3 mug/mL), which was used as a positive control. NaOCl significantly increased the frequency of micronuclei in a dose dependent manner. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between NaOCl concentration and chromosomal aberration, micronuclei frequency, necrotic cells, apoptotic cells and binucleated cells.
Collapse
|
50
|
Zanetti F, De Luca G, Sacchetti R. Control of bacterial contamination in microfiltered water dispensers (MWDs) by disinfection. Int J Food Microbiol 2009; 128:446-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|