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Amiri H, Martinez SS, Shiri MA, Soori MM. Advanced oxidation processes for phthalate esters removal in aqueous solution: a systematic review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:197-218. [PMID: 37261847 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses a systematic review of the scientific literature to evaluate the most common advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for the removal of phthalate esters (PE) in aqueous matrices. Six AOP were reviewed for PE degradation such as processes based on photolysis, Fenton, ozonation and sulfate radicals ( SO 4 • - ), combined AOP and other processes. The PE degradation efficiencies by AOP processes ranged from 40.3 to 100%. In the reviewed literature, an initial PE concentration within 0.04-250 mg/L was applied. The H2O2 concentrations used in the UV/H2O2 process and O3 concentrations in ozonation-based processes ranged between 0.85-1,360.6 mg/L and 2-4,971 mg/L, respectively. Based on the reported results, the PE oxidation data fit well to the pseudo-first order kinetic model. A review of the studies revealed that many oxidant species are produced in the AOP, including hydroxyl radicals (•OH), SO 4 • - , superoxide radical anions ( O 2 - • ), hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2 •), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and singlet oxygen (O2). Among these oxidants, •OH play a key role in the degradation of PE. However, SO 4 • - are more effective and efficient than •OH since SO 4 • - has a higher oxidation power (E = 2.5-3.1 V) compared to •OH radicals (E = 1.8-2.7 V). In different AOP processes, the aromatic rings of PE are destroyed by •OH and produce intermediates such as phthalic acid (C6H4(CO2H)2), benzoic acid ethyl ester (C9H10O2), 2, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (C7H6O4), formic acid (CH2O2), acetic acid (CH3COOH), and oxalic acid (C2H2O4), among some others. Until now, limited data have been reported on PE toxicity assessment. The reviewed literature has shown that AOP can be used effectively to degrade PE from aqueous matrices. However, this systematic study suggests focusing more on the evaluation of the toxicity of the effluent resulting from AOP for the decomposition of PE in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Amiri
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Susana Silva Martinez
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Marziyeh Ansari Shiri
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Soori
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Villaseñor-Basulto D, Picos-Benítez A, Bravo-Yumi N, Perez-Segura T, Bandala ER, Peralta-Hernández JM. Electro-Fenton mineralization of diazo dye Black NT2 using a pre-pilot flow plant. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wang J, Li C, Rauf M, Luo H, Sun X, Jiang Y. Gas diffusion electrodes for H 2O 2 production and their applications for electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants in water: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143459. [PMID: 33223172 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, it is a great challenge to minimize the negative impact of hazardous organic compounds in the environment. Highly efficient hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production through electrochemical methods with gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) is greatly demand for degradation of organic pollutants that present in drinking water and industrial wastewater. The GDEs as cathodic electrocatalyst manifest more cost-effective, lower energy consumption and higher oxygen utilization efficiency for H2O2 production as compared to other carbonaceous cathodes due to its worthy chemical and physical characteristics. In recent years, the crucial research and practical application of GDE for degradation of organic pollutants have been well developed. In this review, we focus on the novel design, fundamental aspects, influence factors, and electrochemical properties of GDEs. Furthermore, we investigate the generation of H2O2 through electrocatalytic processes and degradation mechanisms of refractory organic pollutants on GDEs. We describe the advanced methodologies towards electrochemical kinetics, which include the enhancement of GDEs electrochemical catalytic activity and mass transfer process. More importantly, we also highlight the other technologies assisted electrochemical process with GDEs to enlarge the practical application for water treatment. In addition, the developmental prospective and the existing research challenges of GDE-based electrocatalytic materials for real applications in H2O2 production and wastewater treatment are forecasted. According to our best knowledge, only few review articles have discussed GDEs in detail for H2O2 production and their applications for degradation of organic pollutants in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Chaolin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Rauf
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
| | - Haijian Luo
- Education Center of Experiments and Innovations, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xue Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yiqi Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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Hasani K, Peyghami A, Moharrami A, Vosoughi M, Dargahi A. The efficacy of sono-electro-Fenton process for removal of Cefixime antibiotic from aqueous solutions by response surface methodology (RSM) and evaluation of toxicity of effluent by microorganisms. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Tammam RH, Touny AH, Saleh MM. Removal of urea from dilute streams using RVC/nano-NiO x-modified electrode. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:19898-19907. [PMID: 29740765 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC), a high surface area electrode (40 cm2/cm3), has been modified with nickel oxide nanoparticles (nano-NiOx) and used for electrochemical oxidation of urea from alkaline solution. For the cyclic voltammetry measurements, the used dimensions are 0.8 cm × 0.8 cm × 0.3 cm. The purpose was to offer high specific surface area using a porous open network structure to accelerate the electrochemical conversion. NiOx nanoparticles have been synthesized via an electrochemical route at some experimental conditions. The morphological, structural, and electrochemical properties of the RVC/nano-NiOx are characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and potentiostatic measurements. The fabricated electrode, RVC/nano-NiOx, demonstrates high electrocatalytic activity towards urea oxidation in an alkaline electrolyte. The onset potential of the RVC/nano-NiOx compared to that of the planar GC/NiOx is shifted to more negative value with higher specific activity. The different loadings of the NiOx have a substantial influence on the conversion of urea which has been evaluated from concentration-time curves. The urea concentration decreases with time to a limit dependent on the loading extent. Maximum conversion is obtained at 0.86 mg of NiOx per cm3 of the RVC matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham H Tammam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Touny
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Gligorovski S, Strekowski R, Barbati S, Vione D. Environmental Implications of Hydroxyl Radicals (•OH). Chem Rev 2015; 115:13051-92. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500310b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 737] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sasho Gligorovski
- Aix-Marseille
Université, CNRS, LCE UMR 7376, 13331 Marseilles, France
| | - Rafal Strekowski
- Aix-Marseille
Université, CNRS, LCE UMR 7376, 13331 Marseilles, France
| | - Stephane Barbati
- Aix-Marseille
Université, CNRS, LCE UMR 7376, 13331 Marseilles, France
| | - Davide Vione
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Centro
Interdipartimentale NatRisk, Università di Torino, Via L. Da
Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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Activity of Pt/MnO2 electrode in the electrochemical degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Liu J, Chen S, Ding J, Xiao Y, Han H, Zhong G. Sugarcane bagasse as support for immobilization of Bacillus pumilus HZ-2 and its use in bioremediation of mesotrione-contaminated soils. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10839-51. [PMID: 26337896 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The degrading microorganisms isolated from environment usually fail to degrade pollutants when used for bioremediation of contaminated soils; thus, additional treatments are needed to enhance biodegradation. In the present study, the potential of sugarcane bagasse as bacteria-immobilizing support was investigated in mesotrione biodegradation. A novel isolate Bacillus pumilus HZ-2 was applied in bacterial immobilization, which was capable of degrading over 95 % of mesotrione at initial concentrations ranging from 25 to 200 mg L(-1) within 4 days in flask-shaking tests. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the bacterial cells were strongly absorbed and fully dispersed on bagasse surface after immobilization. Specially, 86.5 and 82.9 % of mesotrione was eliminated by bacteria immobilized on bagasse of 100 and 60 mesh, respectively, which indicated that this immobilization was able to maintain a high degrading activity of the bacteria. Analysis of the degradation products determined 2-amino-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid (AMBA) and 4-methylsulfonyl-2-nitrobenzoic acid (MNBA) as the main metabolites in the biodegradation pathway of mesotrione. In the sterile soil, approximately 90 % of mesotrione was degraded after supplementing 5.0 % of molasses in bacteria-bagasse composite, which greatly enhanced microbial adaptability and growth in the soil environment. In the field tests, over 75 % of mesotrione in soil was degraded within 14 days. The immobilized preparation demonstrated that mesotrione could be degraded at a wide range of pH values (5.0-8.0) and temperatures (25-35 °C), especially at low concentrations of mesotrione (5 to 20 mg kg(-1)). These results showed that sugarcane bagasse might be a good candidate as bacteria-immobilizing support to enhance mesotrione degradation by Bacillus p. HZ-2 in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Lab of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Lab of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Lab of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Han
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Lab of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Lab of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Iglesias O, Meijide J, Bocos E, Sanromán MÁ, Pazos M. New approaches on heterogeneous electro-Fenton treatment of winery wastewater. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ramírez RJ, Arellano CAP, Gallegos AAÁ, González AEJ, Martínez SS. H2O2-assisted TiO2 generation during the photoelectrocatalytic process to decompose the acid green textile dye by Fenton reaction. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Gao G, Zhang Q, Hao Z, Vecitis CD. Carbon nanotube membrane stack for flow-through sequential regenerative electro-Fenton. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:2375-83. [PMID: 25602741 DOI: 10.1021/es505679e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Electro-Fenton is a promising advanced oxidation process for water treatment consisting a series redox reactions. Here, we design and examine an electrochemical filter for sequential electro-Fenton reactions to optimize the treatment process. The carbon nanotube (CNT) membrane stack (thickness ∼ 200 μm) used here consisted of 1) a CNT network cathode for O2 reduction to H2O2, 2) a CNT-COOFe(2+) cathode to chemical reduction H2O2 to (•)OH and HO(-) and to regenerate Fe(2+) in situ, 3) a porous PVDF or PTFE insulating separator, and 4) a CNT filter anode for remaining intermediate oxidation intermediates. The sequential electro-Fenton was compared to individual electrochemical and Fenton process using oxalate, a persistent organic, as a target molecule. Synergism is observed during the sequential electro-Fenton process. For example, when [DO]in = 38 ± 1 mg L(-1), J = 1.6 mL min(-1), neutral pH, and Ecell = 2.89 V, the sequential electro-Fenton oxidation rate was 206.8 ± 6.3 mgC m(-2) h(-1), which is 4-fold greater than the sum of the individual electrochemistry (16.4 ± 3.2 mgC m(-2) h(-1)) and Fenton (33.3 ± 1.3 mgC m(-2) h(-1)) reaction fluxes, and the energy consumption was 45.8 kWh kgTOC(-1). The sequential electro-Fenton was also challenged with the refractory trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and they can be transferred at a removal rate of 11.3 ± 1.2 and 21.8 ± 1.9 mmol m(-2) h(-1), respectively, with different transformation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guandao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
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Pineda Arellano CA, González AJ, Martínez SS, Salgado-Tránsito I, Franco CP. Enhanced mineralization of atrazine by means of photodegradation processes using solar energy at pilot plant scale. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lei Y, Liu H, Shen Z, Wang W. Development of a trickle bed reactor of electro-Fenton process for wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 261:570-576. [PMID: 23994655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To avoid electrolyte leakage and gas bubbles in the electro-Fenton (E-Fenton) reactors using a gas diffusion cathode, we developed a trickle bed cathode by coating a layer composed of carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene (C-PTFE) onto graphite chips instead of carbon cloth. The trickle bed cathode was optimized by single-factor and orthogonal experiments, in which carbon black, PTFE, and a surfactant were considered as the determinant of the performance of graphite chips. In the reactor assembled by the trickle bed cathode, H2O2 was generated with a current of 0.3A and a current efficiency of 60%. This performance was attributed to the fine distribution of electrolyte and air, as well as the effective oxygen transfer from the gas phase to the electrolyte-cathode interface. In terms of H2O2 generation and current efficiency, the developed trickle bed reactor had a performance comparable to that of the conventional E-Fenton reactor using a gas diffusion cathode. Further, 123 mg L(-1) of reactive brilliant red X-3B in aqueous solution was decomposed in the optimized trickle bed reactor as E-Fenton reactor. The decolorization ratio reached 97% within 20 min, and the mineralization reached 87% within 3h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangming Lei
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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Iglesias O, Fernández de Dios MA, Rosales E, Pazos M, Sanromán MA. Optimisation of decolourisation and degradation of Reactive Black 5 dye under electro-Fenton process using Fe alginate gel beads. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:2172-2183. [PMID: 22733554 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to improve the ability of the electro-Fenton process using Fe alginate gel beads for the remediation of wastewater contaminated with synthetic dyes and using a model diazo dye such as Reactive Black 5 (RB5). Batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of main parameters, such as voltage, pH and iron concentration. Dye decolourisation, reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and energy consumption were studied. Central composite face-centred experimental design matrix and response surface methodology were applied to design the experiments and to evaluate the interactive effects of the three studied parameters. A total of 20 experimental runs were set, and the kinetic data were analysed using first-order and second-order models. In all cases, the experimental data were fitted to the empirical second-order model with a suitable degree for the maximum decolourisation of RB5, COD reduction and energy consumption by electro-Fenton-Fe alginate gel beads treatment. Working with the obtained empirical model, the optimisation of the process was carried out. The second-order polynomial regression model suggests that the optimum conditions for attaining maximum decolourisation, COD reduction and energy consumption are voltage, 5.69 V; pH 2.24 and iron concentration, 2.68 mM. Moreover, the fixation of iron on alginate beads suggests that the degradation process can be developed under this electro-Fenton process in repeated batches and in a continuous mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Iglesias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Isaac Newton Building, Campus As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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Fenoll J, Sabater P, Navarro G, Pérez-Lucas G, Navarro S. Photocatalytic transformation of sixteen substituted phenylurea herbicides in aqueous semiconductor suspensions: intermediates and degradation pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 244-245:370-379. [PMID: 23270960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of sixteen substituted phenylurea herbicides (PUHs) in pure water has been studied using zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) as photocatalyst under artificial light irradiation. Photocatalytic experiments showed that the addition of these chalcogenide oxides in tandem with the oxidant (Na(2)S(2)O(8)) strongly enhances the degradation rate of these compounds in comparison with those carried out with ZnO and TiO(2) alone and photolytic tests. Comparison of catalysts showed that ZnO is the most efficient for the removal of such herbicides in optimal conditions and at constant volumetric rate of photon absorption in the photoreactor. Thus, the complete disappearance of all the studied compounds was achieved after 20 min of illumination in the ZnO/Na(2)S(2)O(8) system. The main photocatalytic intermediates detected during the degradation of PUHs were identified. The probable photodegradation pathways were proposed and discussed. The main steps involved: N-demethylation of the N,N-dimethylurea-substituted compounds followed of N-demethylation and N-demethoxylation of the N-methoxy-N-methyl-substituted ureas and hydroxylation of aromatic rings and their aliphatic side-chains of both, parent compounds and intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Fenoll
- Departamento de Calidad y Garantía Alimentaria, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), C/Mayor s/n, La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain.
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Rosales E, Sanromán MA, Pazos M. Application of central composite face-centered design and response surface methodology for the optimization of electro-Fenton decolorization of Azure B dye. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 19:1738-1746. [PMID: 22161116 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0668-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work was to improve the ability of electro-Fenton technique for the remediation of wastewater contaminated with synthetic dyes using a model azo dye such as Azure B. METHODS Batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of main parameters, such as dye concentration, electrode surface area, treatment time, and voltage. In this study, central composite face-centered experimental design matrix and response surface methodology were applied to design the experiments and evaluate the interactive effects of the four studied parameters. A total of 30 experimental runs were set, and the kinetic data were analyzed using first- and second-order models. RESULTS The experimental data fitted to the empirical second-order model of a suitable degree for the maximum decolorization of Azure B by electro-Fenton treatment. ANOVA analysis showed high coefficient of determination value (R(2) = 0.9835) and reasonable second-order regression prediction. Pareto analysis suggests that the variables, time, and voltage produce the largest effect on the decolorization rate. CONCLUSION Optimum conditions suggested by the second-order polynomial regression model for attaining maximum decolorization were dye concentration 4.83 mg/L, electrode surface area 15 cm(2), voltage 14.19 V, and treatment time of 34.58 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rosales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, Spain
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Martínez SS, Uribe EV. Enhanced sonochemical degradation of azure B dye by the electroFenton process. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2012; 19:174-178. [PMID: 21664169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of azure B dye (C15H16ClN3S; AB) has been studied by Fenton, sonolysis and sono-electroFenton processes employing ultrasound at 23 kHz and the electrogeneration of H2O2 at the reticulated vitreous carbon electrode. It was found that the dye degradation followed apparent first-order kinetics in all the degradation processes tested. The rate constant was affected by both the pH of the solution and initial concentration of Fe2+, with the highest degradation obtained at pH between 2.6 and 3. The first-order rate constant decreased in the following order: sono-electroFenton>Fenton>sonolysis. The rate constant for AB degradation by sono-electroFenton is ∼10-fold that of sonolysis and ∼2-fold the one obtained by Fenton under silent conditions. The chemical oxygen demand was abated ∼68% and ∼85% by Fenton and sono-electroFenton respectively, achieving AB concentration removal over 90% with both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Silva Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas (CIICAp), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Av. Universidad 1001, Col Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Mor. C.P. 62209, Mexico.
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Wang ZX, Li G, Yang F, Chen YL, Gao P. Electro-Fenton degradation of cellulose using graphite/PTFE electrodes modified by 2-ethylanthraquinone. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sheng Y, Song S, Wang X, Song L, Wang C, Sun H, Niu X. Electrogeneration of hydrogen peroxide on a novel highly effective acetylene black-PTFE cathode with PTFE film. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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