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Qian L, Li H, Wei Z, Liang C, Dong X, Lin D, Chen M. Enhanced removal of cis-1,2-dichloroethene and vinyl chloride in groundwater using ball-milled sulfur- and biochar-modified zero-valent iron: From the laboratory to the field. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122424. [PMID: 37604391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidated zero-valent iron (ZVI) and biochar-supported ZVI have received increasing attention for their potential to dechlorinate trichloroethylene. However, minimal data are available regarding the combined effect of sulfur and biochar ZVI on trichloroethylene byproducts. The primary aim of the current study is to determine whether sulfur- and biochar-modified ZVI (ZVI-BC-S) enhances the removal of cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) from groundwater. Results show that biochar and sulfur facilitated the milling of ZVI-BC-S into micro- and nanoscale particles and increased FeS formation. Moreover, the rates of cDCE and VC removal by ZVI-S increased by 30.1% and 30.2%, respectively, compared to those obtained with ZVI, owing to enhanced dechlorination via β-elimination by sulfur. Meanwhile, treatment with ZVI-BC-S harnessed the benefits of biochar and sulfur to enhance the cDCE and VC removal rates by 62.0% and 67.7%, respectively. Mechanistically, biochar enhanced the corrosion of ZVI-S to increase FeS production and enhance the electron transfer, β-elimination, and hydrogenolysis involved in cDCE and VC dechlorination. The effectiveness of ZVI-BC-S was confirmed in a field demonstration, during which cDCE and VC concentrations significantly decreased within 10 days following injection. The findings of this study can help inform the rational design of ZVI for in-situ remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Qian
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hangyu Li
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zifei Wei
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; Xinan Technology University, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Cong Liang
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinzhu Dong
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mengfang Chen
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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2
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Wu S, Cai S, Qin F, He F, Liu T, Yan X, Wang Z. Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes by ball milled and mechanochemically sulfidated microscale zero valent iron: A comparative study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130730. [PMID: 36630876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ball milling is an effective technique to not only activate and reduce the size of commercial microscale zero valent iron (mZVI) but also to mechanochemically sulfidate mZVI. Yet, little is known about the difference between how chlorinated ethenes (CEs) interact with ball milled mZVI (mZVIbm) and mechanochemically sulfidated mZVI (S-mZVIbm). We show that simple ball milling exposed the active Fe0 sites, while mechanochemical sulfidation diminished Fe0 sites and meanwhile increased S2- sites. Mechanochemical sulfidation with [S/Fe]dosed increased from 0 to 0.20 promoted the particle reactivity most for TCE dechlorination (∼14-fold), followed by PCE and 1,1-DCE while it diminished the reactivity for trans-DCE (∼0.4-fold), cis-DCE (∼0.02-fold) and VC (∼0.002-fold) compared to simple ball milling. Sulfidation also improved the electron efficiency of CE dechlorination, except for cis-DCE and VC. The kSA of cis-DCE, VC and trans-DCE dechlorination positively correlated with surface Fe0 content, suggesting their dechlorination was mainly mediated by Fe0 site or reactive atomic hydrogen. The kSA of TCE dechlorination positively correlated with surface S2- content and the dechlorination mainly occurred on S2- sites via direct electron transfer. Increased sulfidation favored direct electron transfer mechanism. The kSA of PCE and 1,1-DCE was not dependent on either parameter and their dechlorination was equally achieved through either mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Wu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; College of Geomatics and Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shichao Cai
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fengyang Qin
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, International Joint Research Laboratory for Nano Energy Composites, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiuping Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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He F, Yu Y, Wan W, Liang L. Enhanced dechlorination of trichloroethene by sulfidated microscale zero-valent iron under low-frequency AC electromagnetic field. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127020. [PMID: 34481402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study an electromagnetic heating strategy is proposed for remediation of trichloroethene (TCE) by ball milled, sulfidated microscale zero valent iron (S-mZVIbm) particles. S-mZVIbm is ferromagnetic, which generates heat under the application of a low-frequency alternating current electromagnetic field (AC EMF). We found that the temperature reached up to ~120 ℃ during 30-min electromagnetic induction heating of 10 g/L S-mZVIbm (with S/Fe molar ratio of 0.1), compared with ~55 ℃ and ~80 ℃ for ZVI and ball milled mZVIbm, respectively. The application of AC EMF accelerated the TCE degradation rate (kTCE = 5.5 × 10-1 h-1) by up to 4-fold without compromising or even enhancing electron efficiency of S-mZVIbm compared to no-heating. Furthermore, this process halved the generation of chlorinated intermediate, cis-DCE. In contrast, water-bath heating only increased the dechlorination rate 2-fold with unchanged cis-DCE generation and lowered electron efficiency. This is attributed to both rising temperature by induction heating and accelerated ZVI corrosion and surface Fe0 exposure caused by AC EMF. In real groundwater, the AC EMF maintained the same promoting effects for TCE dechlorination by S-mZVIbm. This study shows that combination of filed-scale available AC EMF with S-mZVIbm provides a promising approach for remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Ye Yu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wubo Wan
- Marine Food Engineering Technology Research Center of, Hainan Province, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Liyuan Liang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of, Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Huang J, Jones A, Waite TD, Chen Y, Huang X, Rosso KM, Kappler A, Mansor M, Tratnyek PG, Zhang H. Fe(II) Redox Chemistry in the Environment. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8161-8233. [PMID: 34143612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is the fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust and plays important roles in both biological and chemical processes. The redox reactivity of various Fe(II) forms has gained increasing attention over recent decades in the areas of (bio) geochemistry, environmental chemistry and engineering, and material sciences. The goal of this paper is to review these recent advances and the current state of knowledge of Fe(II) redox chemistry in the environment. Specifically, this comprehensive review focuses on the redox reactivity of four types of Fe(II) species including aqueous Fe(II), Fe(II) complexed with ligands, minerals bearing structural Fe(II), and sorbed Fe(II) on mineral oxide surfaces. The formation pathways, factors governing the reactivity, insights into potential mechanisms, reactivity comparison, and characterization techniques are discussed with reference to the most recent breakthroughs in this field where possible. We also cover the roles of these Fe(II) species in environmental applications of zerovalent iron, microbial processes, biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients, and their abiotic oxidation related processes in natural and engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2104 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Adele Jones
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yiling Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaopeng Huang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Muammar Mansor
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Paul G Tratnyek
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Huichun Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2104 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Mangayayam M, Dideriksen K, Ceccato M, Tobler DJ. The Structure of Sulfidized Zero-Valent Iron by One-Pot Synthesis: Impact on Contaminant Selectivity and Long-Term Performance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4389-4396. [PMID: 30859830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidized zerovalent iron (sZVI) is widely studied because of its remarkable reactivity with a number of groundwater contaminants. Nonetheless, its nanoscale structure is not well understood. As such, there is an uncertainty on how sZVI structure controls its reactivity and fate in the subsurface environment. Using pair distribution function analyses, we show that sZVI made from one-pot synthesis using dithionite as sulfur precursor consists of an Fe0 core with a shell composed dominantly of short-range ordered Fe(OH)2 and FeS having coherent scattering domains of less than 8 Å. Reactivity experiments show that increasing shell material significantly decreases rate for cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) reduction, whereas the opposite is observed for trichloroethene (TCE). The results are consistent with a conceptual model wherein cis-DCE reduction requires active Fe0 sites, which become largely inaccessible when shell material is abundant. Conversely, an increase in FeS shell volume led to faster TCE reduction via direct electron transfer. Aging experiments showed that sZVI retained >50% of its TCE removal efficiency after 30-day exposure to artificial groundwaters. The decline in sZVI reactivity due to long-term exposure to groundwater, is attributed to Fe0 oxidation from water reduction coupled by reorganization and recrystallization of the poorly ordered shell material, which in turn reduced access to reactive FeS sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mangayayam
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Knud Dideriksen
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
- Geological Survey of Denmark & Greenland (GEUS) , Øster Voldgade 10 , 1350 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Marcel Ceccato
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
- iNANO-Kemi , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Dominique J Tobler
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
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Qin H, Guan X, Bandstra JZ, Johnson RL, Tratnyek PG. Modeling the Kinetics of Hydrogen Formation by Zerovalent Iron: Effects of Sulfidation on Micro- and Nano-Scale Particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13887-13896. [PMID: 30381947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) that generates H2 from the reduction of H2O by Fe0 is among the most fundamental of the processes that control reactivity in environmental systems containing zerovalent iron (ZVI). To develop a comprehensive kinetic model for this process, a large and high-resolution data set for HER was measured using five types of ZVI pretreated by acid-washing and/or sulfidation (in pH 7 HEPES buffer). The data were fit to four alternative kinetic models using nonlinear regression analysis applied to the whole data set simultaneously, which allowed some model parameters to be treated globally across multiple experiments. The preferred model uses two independent reactive phases to match the two-stage character of most HER data, with rate constants ( k's) for each phase fitted globally by iron type and phase quantities ( S's) fitted as fully local (independent) parameters. The first, faster stage was attributed to a reactive mineral intermediate (RMI) phase like Fe(OH)2, which may form in all experiments during preequilibration, but is rapidly consumed, leaving the second, slower stage of HER, which is due to reaction of Fe0. In addition to providing a deterministic model to explain the kinetics of HER by ZVI over a wide range of conditions, the results provide an improved quantitative basis for comparing the effects of sulfidation on ZVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , P.R. China
| | - Joel Z Bandstra
- Department of Mathematics, Engineering, and Computer Science , Saint Francis University , P.O. Box 600, Loretto , Pennsylvania 15940 , United States
| | - Richard L Johnson
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health , Oregon Health & Science University , 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road , Portland , Oregon 97239 , United States
| | - Paul G Tratnyek
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health , Oregon Health & Science University , 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road , Portland , Oregon 97239 , United States
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7
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Mangayayam MC, Dideriksen K, Tobler DJ. Can or cannot green rust reduce chlorinated ethenes? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Liu X, Yuan S, Tong M, Liu D. Oxidation of trichloroethylene by the hydroxyl radicals produced from oxygenation of reduced nontronite. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 113:72-79. [PMID: 28199864 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Reduction by Fe(II)-bearing silicate minerals has been proposed as an important mechanism for the attenuation of chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) in anoxic subsurfaces. The redox condition of subsurface often changes from anoxic to oxic due to natural processes and human activities, but little is known about the transformation of CHCs induced by Fe(II)-bearing silicate minerals under oxic conditions. This study reveals that trichloroethylene (TCE) can be efficiently oxidized during the oxygenation of reduced nontronite at pH 7.5, whereas the reduction was negligible under anoxic conditions. The maximum oxidation of TCE (initially 1 mg/L) attained 89.6% for 3 h oxygenation of 2 g/L nontronite with 50% reduction extent. TCE oxidation is attributed to the strongly oxidizing hydroxyl radicals (OH) produced by the oxygenation of Fe(II) in nontronite. Fe(II) on the edges is preferentially oxygenated for OH production, and the interior Fe(II) serves as an electron pool to regenerate the Fe(II) on the edges. Oxidation of TCE could be sustainable through chemically or biologically reducing the oxidized silicate minerals. Our findings present a new mechanism for the transformation of CHCs and other redox-active substances in the redox-fluctuation environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Songhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Man Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Deng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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9
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Su C. Environmental implications and applications of engineered nanoscale magnetite and its hybrid nanocomposites: A review of recent literature. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 322:48-84. [PMID: 27477792 PMCID: PMC7306924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on environmental implications and applications of engineered magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (MNPs) as a single phase or a component of a hybrid nanocomposite that exhibits superparamagnetism and high surface area. MNPs are synthesized via co-precipitation, thermal decomposition and combustion, hydrothermal process, emulsion, microbial process, and green approaches. Aggregation/sedimentation and transport of MNPs depend on surface charge of MNPs and geochemical parameters such as pH, ionic strength, and organic matter. MNPs generally have low toxicity to humans and ecosystem. MNPs are used for constructing chemical/biosensors and for catalyzing a variety of chemical reactions. MNPs are used for air cleanup and carbon sequestration. MNP nanocomposites are designed as antimicrobial agents for water disinfection and flocculants for water treatment. Conjugated MNPs are widely used for adsorptive/separative removal of organics, dyes, oil, arsenic, phosphate, molybdate, fluoride, selenium, Cr(VI), heavy metal cations, radionuclides, and rare earth elements. MNPs can degrade organic/inorganic contaminants via chemical reduction or catalyze chemical oxidation in water, sediment, and soil. Future studies should further explore mechanisms of MNP interactions with other nanomaterials and contaminants, economic and green approaches of MNP synthesis, and field scale demonstration of MNP utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Su
- Ground Water and Ecosystems Restoration Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 919 Kerr Research Drive, Ada, OK 74820, USA.
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10
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Fan D, Bradley MJ, Hinkle AW, Johnson RL, Tratnyek PG. Chemical Reactivity Probes for Assessing Abiotic Natural Attenuation by Reducing Iron Minerals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1868-76. [PMID: 26814150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Increasing recognition that abiotic natural attenuation (NA) of chlorinated solvents can be important has created demand for improved methods to characterize the redox properties of the aquifer materials that are responsible for abiotic NA. This study explores one promising approach: using chemical reactivity probes (CRPs) to characterize the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of contaminant reduction by reducing iron minerals. Assays of thermodynamic CRPs were developed to determine the reduction potentials (ECRP) of suspended minerals by spectrophotometric determination of equilibrium CRP speciation and calculations using the Nernst equation. ECRP varied as expected with mineral type, mineral loading, and Fe(II) concentration. Comparison of ECRP with reduction potentials measured potentiometrically using a Pt electrode (EPt) showed that ECRP was 100-150 mV more negative than EPt. When EPt was measured with small additions of CRPs, the systematic difference between EPt and ECRP was eliminated, suggesting that these CRPs are effective mediators of electron transfer between mineral and electrode surfaces. Model contaminants (4-chloronitrobenzene, 2-chloroacetophenone, and carbon tetrachloride) were used as kinetic CRPs. The reduction rate constants of kinetic CRPs correlated well with the ECRP for mineral suspensions. Using the rate constants compiled from literature for contaminants and relative mineral reduction potentials based on ECRP measurements, qualitatively consistent trends were obtained, suggesting that CRP-based assays may be useful for estimating abiotic NA rates of contaminants in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimin Fan
- Institute of Environmental Health Oregon Health & Science University 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Miranda J Bradley
- Institute of Environmental Health Oregon Health & Science University 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Adrian W Hinkle
- Institute of Environmental Health Oregon Health & Science University 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Richard L Johnson
- Institute of Environmental Health Oregon Health & Science University 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Paul G Tratnyek
- Institute of Environmental Health Oregon Health & Science University 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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11
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Huo YC, Li WW, Min D, Wang DD, Liu HQ, Kong Q, Lau TC, Zeng RJ. Zero-valent iron nanoparticles with sustained high reductive activity for carbon tetrachloride dechlorination. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07052j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe oxide shell breakdown and new oxyhydroxide formation during CT dechlorination contribute to pH self-buffering and sustained nZVI reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chao Huo
- Advanced Laboratory for Environmental Research & Technology (ALERT)
- Suzhou 215123
- China
- CAS for Unban Pollutant Conversion
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Wen-Wei Li
- CAS for Unban Pollutant Conversion
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
| | - Di Min
- CAS for Unban Pollutant Conversion
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Advanced Laboratory for Environmental Research & Technology (ALERT)
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Hou-Qi Liu
- Advanced Laboratory for Environmental Research & Technology (ALERT)
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Qin Kong
- Advanced Laboratory for Environmental Research & Technology (ALERT)
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Tai-Chu Lau
- Advanced Laboratory for Environmental Research & Technology (ALERT)
- Suzhou 215123
- China
- Department of Biology and Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
| | - Raymond J. Zeng
- Advanced Laboratory for Environmental Research & Technology (ALERT)
- Suzhou 215123
- China
- CAS for Unban Pollutant Conversion
- Department of Chemistry
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