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Sun K, Tebyetekerwa M, Zeng X, Wang Z, Duignan TT, Zhang X. Understanding the Electrochemical Extraction of Lithium from Ultradilute Solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:3997-4007. [PMID: 38366979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The electrochemical extraction of lithium (Li) from aqueous sources using electrochemical means is a promising direct Li extraction technology. However, to this date, most electrochemical Li extraction studies are confined to Li-rich brine, neglecting the practical and existing Li-lean resources, with their overall extraction behaviors currently not fully understood. More still, the effect of elevated sodium (Na) concentrations typically found in most Li-lean water sources on Li extraction is unclear. Hence, in this work, we first understand the electrochemical Li extraction behaviors from ultradilute solutions using spinel lithium manganese oxide as the model electrode. We discovered that Li extraction depends highly on the Li concentration and cell operation current density. Then, we switched our focus on low Li to Na ratio solutions, revealing that Na can dominate the electrostatic screening layer, reducing Li ion concentration. Based on these understandings, we rationally employed pulsed electrochemical operation to restructure the electrode surface and distribute the surface-adsorbed species, which efficiently achieves a high Li selectivity even in extremely low initial Li/Na concentrations of up to 1:20,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Sun
- Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mike Tebyetekerwa
- Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xiangkang Zeng
- Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhuyuan Wang
- Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy T Duignan
- Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4011, Australia
| | - Xiwang Zhang
- Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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2
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Li H, Pan J, Ping Y, Su J, Fang M, Chen T, Pan B, Lu Z. Annealed SiO 2 Protective Layer on LiMn 2O 4 for Enhanced Li-Ion Extraction from Brine. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10458-10465. [PMID: 37922401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present a novel approach for selective Li-ion extraction from brine using an LiMn2O4 ion sieve coated with a dense silica layer, denoted as LMO@SiO2. The SiO2 layer is controllably coated onto the LMO surface, forming passivation layers and ion permeation filters. This design effectively minimizes the acidic corrosion of the LMO and enhances the Li+ adsorption capacity. Additionally, the SiO2 layer undergoes calcination at various temperatures (ranging from 300 to 700 °C) to achieve different compactness levels of the coating layer, providing further protection to the LMO crystal structures. As a result of these improvements, the optimized LMO@SiO2 adsorbent demonstrates an exceptional Li+ adsorption capacity of 18.5 mg/g for brine, and even after seven adsorption-elution cycles, it maintains a capacity of 15.3 mg/g. This outstanding performance makes our material a promising candidate for efficient Li+ extraction from brine or other low-concentration Li+ solutions in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualun Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiahao Pan
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yitao Ping
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jialun Su
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Moling Fang
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tian Chen
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhenda Lu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Liu L, Kuang Q, Xu S, Pan W, Liu Y, Zhou J, Tang A, Xue J. Enhanced lithium-ion adsorption by recyclable lithium manganese oxide-sepiolite composite microsphere from aqueous media: Fabrication, structure, and adsorption characteristics. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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4
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Electrochemical behaviors of porous spherical spinel H1.6Mn1.6O4 with high Li+ adsorption capacity. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Efficient Adsorption of Tl(I) from Aqueous Solutions Using Al and Fe-Based Water Treatment Residuals. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron and aluminum water treatment residuals from a water supply plant were used as adsorbents for Tl(I) to treat thallium-containing Tl(I) wastewater and realize the resource utilization of water treatment residuals. The feasibility study results showed that Fe-WTR and Al-WTR reached adsorption equilibria within 120 min. The Langmuir model showed maximum adsorption capacities of Tl(I) on Fe-WTR and Al-WTR as 3.751 and 0.690 mg g−1 separately at an initial concentration of 5 mg L−1. The adsorption capacities of Fe-WTR and Al-WTR positively correlated with pH. The removal of Tl(I) using Fe-WTR exceeded Al-WTR; the adsorbed Tl(I) in Fe-WTR occurred primarily in the reduced state, while the Tl(I) adsorbed in Al-WTR was mainly in acid-extractable and reduced states. FTIR and XPS data showed that Tl(I) and Fe/Al-OH-functional groups formed stable surface complexes (Fe/Al-O-Tl) during adsorption, and there was no redox reaction. This confirmed that WTR is a highly efficient adsorbent for the stable removal of Tl(I), which provides a practical foundation for industrial application in Tl(I)-containing wastewater treatment.
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Recepoğlu Y, Yüksel A. Cross-Linked Phosphorylated Cellulose as a Potential Sorbent for Lithium Extraction from Water: Dynamic Column Studies and Modeling. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:38957-38968. [PMID: 36340173 PMCID: PMC9631899 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylated functional cellulose was cross-linked with epichlorohydrin at different ratios because it is a very hydrophilic substance that instantly swells to form a hydrogel when it comes into contact with water. It was aimed to utilize a continuously packed bed column to recover lithium from water under varying operating conditions such as flow rate and bed height. The characterization results confirmed cross-linking based on morphology, structure, surface area, and thermal stability differences. Lithium recovery was more efficient with a low flow rate, but the dynamic sorption process was independent of bed height. The total capacities at the three flow rates with 1.5 cm bed height were 33.56, 30.15, and 25.54 mg g-1, and the total saturation times at the three different bed heights with 0.5 mL min-1 flow rate were 659, 1001, and 1007 min, respectively. Only 15.75 mL of 5% H2SO4 solution was required to desorb approximately 100% of Li from the saturated sorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaşar
Kemal Recepoğlu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute
of Technology, 35430Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aslı Yüksel
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute
of Technology, 35430Urla, Izmir, Turkey
- Geothermal
Energy Research and Application Center, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430Urla, Izmir, Turkey
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Yu Y, Yuan Z, Yu Z, Wang C, Zhong X, Wei L, Yao Y, Sui X, Han DS, Chen Y. Thermally assisted efficient electrochemical lithium extraction from simulated seawater. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118969. [PMID: 35988333 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracting lithium electrochemically from seawater has the potential to resolve any future lithium shortage. However, electrochemical extraction only functions efficiently in high lithium concentration solutions. Herein, we discovered that lithium extraction is temperature and concentration dependent. Lithium extraction capacity (i.e., the mass of lithium extracted from the source solutions) and speed (i.e., the lithium extraction rate) in electrochemical extraction can be increased significantly in heated source solutions, especially at low lithium concentrations (e.g., < 3 mM) and high Na+/Li+ molar ratios (e.g., >1000). Comprehensive material characterization and mechanistic analyses revealed that the improved lithium extraction originates from boosted kinetics rather than thermodynamic equilibrium shifts. A higher temperature (i.e., 60 oC) mitigates the activation polarization of lithium intercalation, decreases charge transfer resistances, and improves lithium diffusion. Based on these understandings, we demonstrated that a thermally assisted electrochemical lithium extraction process could achieve rapid (36.8 mg g-1 day-1) and selective (51.79% purity) lithium extraction from simulated seawater with an ultrahigh Na+/Li+ molar ratio of 20,000. The integrated thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle can harvest thermal energy in heated source solutions, enabling a low electrical energy consumption (11.3-16.0 Wh mol-1 lithium). Furthermore, the coupled thermal-driven membrane process in the system can also produce freshwater (13.2 kg m-2 h-1) as a byproduct. Given abundant low-grade thermal energy availability, the thermally assisted electrochemical lithium extraction process has excellent potential to realize mining lithium from seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxi Yu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ziwen Yuan
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Zixun Yu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xia Zhong
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Li Wei
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xiao Sui
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Dong Suk Han
- Center for Advanced Materials & Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Baudino L, Santos C, Pirri CF, La Mantia F, Lamberti A. Recent Advances in the Lithium Recovery from Water Resources: From Passive to Electrochemical Methods. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201380. [PMID: 35896956 PMCID: PMC9507372 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing amount of batteries used in today's society has led to an increase in the demand of lithium in the last few decades. While mining resources of this element have been steadily exploited and are rapidly depleting, water resources constitute an interesting reservoir just out of reach of current technologies. Several techniques are being explored and novel materials engineered. While evaporation is very time-consuming and has large footprints, ion sieves and supramolecular systems can be suitably tailored and even integrated into membrane and electrochemical techniques. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the available solutions to recover lithium from water resources both by passive and electrically enhanced techniques. Accordingly, this work aims to provide in a single document a rational comparison of outstanding strategies to remove lithium from aqueous sources. To this end, practical figures of merit of both main groups of techniques are provided. An absence of a common experimental protocol and the resulting variability of data and experimental methods are identified. The need for a shared methodology and a common agreement to report performance metrics are underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Baudino
- DISAT Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e TecnologiaPolitecnico di Torinocorso Duca degli Abruzzi 24Torino10129Italy
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaCenter for Sustainable Future TechnologiesVia Livorno 60Torino10144Italy
| | - Cleis Santos
- Energiespeicher‐ und EnergiewandlersystemeUniversität BremenBibliothekstraße 128359BremenGermany
| | - Candido F. Pirri
- DISAT Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e TecnologiaPolitecnico di Torinocorso Duca degli Abruzzi 24Torino10129Italy
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaCenter for Sustainable Future TechnologiesVia Livorno 60Torino10144Italy
| | - Fabio La Mantia
- Energiespeicher‐ und EnergiewandlersystemeUniversität BremenBibliothekstraße 128359BremenGermany
| | - Andrea Lamberti
- DISAT Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e TecnologiaPolitecnico di Torinocorso Duca degli Abruzzi 24Torino10129Italy
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaCenter for Sustainable Future TechnologiesVia Livorno 60Torino10144Italy
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9
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Zhan H, Qiao Y, Qian Z, Li J, Wu Z, Hao X, Liu Z. Manganese-based spinel adsorbents for lithium recovery from aqueous solutions by electrochemical technique. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Das D, R A, Kay P, Ramamurthy V, Goycoolea FM, Das N. Selective recovery of lithium from spent coin cell cathode leachates using ion imprinted blended chitosan microfibers: Pilot scale studies provide insights on scalability. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128535. [PMID: 35259696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Devlina Das
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore 641004, India.
| | - Abarajitha R
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore 641004, India
| | - Paul Kay
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - V Ramamurthy
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore 641004, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore 641 022, India
| | | | - Nilanjana Das
- Bioremediation Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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Baudino L, Pedico A, Bianco S, Periolatto M, Pirri CF, Lamberti A. Crown-Ether Functionalized Graphene Oxide Membrane for Lithium Recovery from Water. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020233. [PMID: 35207154 PMCID: PMC8878177 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The massive worldwide transition of the transport sector to electric vehicles has dramatically increased the demand for lithium. Lithium recovery by means of ion sieves or supramolecular chemistry has been extensively studied in recent years as a viable alternative approach to the most common extraction processes. Graphene oxide (GO) has also already been proven to be an excellent candidate for water treatment and other membrane related applications. Herein, a nanocomposite 12-crown-4-ether functionalized GO membrane for lithium recovery by means of pressure filtration is proposed. GO flakes were via carbodiimide esterification, then a polymeric binder was added to improve the mechanical properties. The membrane was then obtained and tested on a polymeric support in a dead-end pressure setup under nitrogen gas to speed up the lithium recovery. Morphological and physico-chemical characterizations were carried out using pristine GO and functionalized GO membranes for comparison with the nanocomposite. The lithium selectivity was proven by both the conductance and ICP mass measurements on different sets of feed and stripping solutions filtrated (LiCl/HCl and other chloride salts/HCl). The membrane proposed showed promising properties in low concentrated solutions (7 mgLi/L) with an average lithium uptake of 5 mgLi/g in under half an hour of filtration time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Baudino
- Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (A.P.); (S.B.); (M.P.); (C.F.P.); (A.L.)
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Pedico
- Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (A.P.); (S.B.); (M.P.); (C.F.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Stefano Bianco
- Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (A.P.); (S.B.); (M.P.); (C.F.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Monica Periolatto
- Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (A.P.); (S.B.); (M.P.); (C.F.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (A.P.); (S.B.); (M.P.); (C.F.P.); (A.L.)
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Lamberti
- Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (A.P.); (S.B.); (M.P.); (C.F.P.); (A.L.)
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy
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Zhang G, Zhang J, Zeng J, Sun Y, Shen Y, Li X, Ren X, Hai C, Zhou Y, Tang W. Improved structural stability and adsorption capacity of adsorbent material Li1.6Mn1.6O4 via facile surface fluorination. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Luo Q, Dong M, Nie G, Liu Z, Wu Z, Li J. Extraction of lithium from salt lake brines by granulated adsorbents. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Practical synthesis of manganese oxide MnO2·0.5H2O for an advanced and applicable lithium ion-sieve. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Chen J, Lin S, Yu J. High-selective cyclic adsorption and magnetic recovery performance of magnetic lithium-aluminum layered double hydroxides (MLDHs) in extracting Li+ from ultrahigh Mg/Li ratio brines. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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17
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Kim S, Kang JS, Joo H, Sung YE, Yoon J. Understanding the Behaviors of λ-MnO 2 in Electrochemical Lithium Recovery: Key Limiting Factors and a Route to the Enhanced Performance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9044-9051. [PMID: 32545954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently developed electrochemical lithium recovery systems, whose operation principle mimics that of lithium-ion battery, enable selective recovery of lithium from source waters with a wide range of lithium ions (Li+) concentrations; however, physicochemical behaviors of the key component-Li+-selective electrode-in realistic operation conditions have been poorly understood. Herein, we report an investigation on a λ-MnO2 electrode during the electrochemical lithium recovery process with regards to the Li+ concentration in source water and operation rate of the system. Three distinctive stages of λ-MnO2 originating from different limiting factors for lithium recovery are defined with regard to the rate of Li+ supply from the electrolyte: depleted, transition, and saturated regions. By characterization of λ-MnO2 at different stages using diverse X-ray techniques, the importance of Li+ concentration in the vicinity of the electrode surface is revealed. On the basis of this understanding, increasing the density of the electrode/electrolyte interface is suggested as a realistic and general route to enhance the overall lithium recovery performance and is experimentally corroborated at a wide range of operation environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoni Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajoo Joo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Eun Sung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyong Yoon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Korea Environment Institute (KEI), Sejong 30147, Republic of Korea
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18
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Wang J, Wang G, Wang Y, Li L, Ma Y, Li C, Dai S. Hierarchically Porous Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) 3D Architectures with Anchored Lattice-Expanded λ-MnO 2 Nanodots as Freestanding Adsorbents for Superior Lithium Separation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianren Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523106, China
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523106, China
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yuwei Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523106, China
| | - Ling Li
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yuanqing Ma
- Qinghai Salt Lake Industry Group Co., Ltd., Golmud 816000, China
| | - Changping Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523106, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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Tang L, Huang S, Wang Y, Liang D, Li Y, Li J, Wang Y, Xie Y, Wang W. Highly Efficient, Stable, and Recyclable Hydrogen Manganese Oxide/Cellulose Film for the Extraction of Lithium from Seawater. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9775-9781. [PMID: 32011857 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The extraction of lithium from seawater has attracted much interest as a means to meet increasing demand for lithium with the rapid expansion of the electric vehicle and electronics markets. Herein, a renewable and recyclable hydrogen manganese oxide (HMO)-modified cellulose film was developed and investigated toward the extraction of lithium from lithium-containing aqueous solutions. The porous film was characterized, and its extraction efficacy and selectivity toward lithium from an aqueous solution (ppm level) and seawater (ppb level) were investigated. The HMO/cellulose film exhibited a higher Li+ adsorption capacity (21.6 mg g-1 HMO) than HMO/polymer (e.g., poly(vinyl chloride) or poly(vinylidene fluoride)) films, which have been examined in the literature for lithium extraction, because of its multidimensional porosity and hydrophilicity. The kinetics analysis based on a pseudo-second-order model indicated that the Li+ extraction rate of the HMO/cellulose film was 3 times higher than that achieved by the HMO particle alone (i.e., 0.075; cf. 0.023 g mg-1 h-1). Furthermore, the HMO/cellulose film displayed high selectivity for Li+ when exposed to seawater-the extraction of Li+ reached 99%, whereas that of the other ions present in seawater (i.e., Sr2+, K+, and Ca2+) was <4%. In addition, the adsorption capacity and mechanical strength of the HMO/cellulose film remained stable even after eight adsorption-desorption cycles. The present findings demonstrate the potential of the present HMO/cellulose film for the recovery of Li+ from seawater or wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin 150040 , P. R. China
| | - Shaodong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin 150040 , P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Harbin 150056 , P. R. China
| | - Daxin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin 150040 , P. R. China
| | - Yudong Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin 150040 , P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin 150040 , P. R. China
| | - Yonggui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin 150040 , P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education , Northeast Forestry University , Harbin 150040 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090 , P. R. China
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20
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Pramanik BK, Nghiem LD, Hai FI. Extraction of strategically important elements from brines: Constraints and opportunities. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 168:115149. [PMID: 31604175 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Strategically important elements are those that are vital to advanced manufacturing, low carbon technologies and other growing industries. Ongoing depletion and supply risks to these elements are a critical concern, and thus, recovery of these elements from low-grade ores and brines has generated significant interest worldwide. Among the strategically important elements, this paper focuses on rare earth elements (REEs), the platinum-group metals and lithium due to their wide application in the advanced industrial economics. We critically review the current methods such as precipitation, ion exchange and solvent extraction for extracting these elements from low-grade ores and brines and provide insight into the technical challenges to the practical realisation of metal extraction from these low-grade sources. The challenges include the low concentration of the target elements in brines and inadequate selectivity of the existing methods. This review also critically analyzes the potential applicability of an integrated clean water production and metal extraction process based on conventional pressure-driven membrane and emerging membrane technologies (e.g., membrane distillation). Such a process can first enrich the strategically important elements in solution for their subsequent recovery along with clean water production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplob Kumar Pramanik
- Civil and Infrastructure Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia.
| | - Long Duc Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS, 2007, Australia; NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Faisal I Hai
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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21
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A novel H1.6Mn1.6O4/reduced graphene oxide composite film for selective electrochemical capturing lithium ions with low concentration. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Qian F, Guo M, Qian Z, Li Q, Wu Z, Liu Z. Highly Lithium Adsorption Capacities of H
1.6
Mn
1.6
O
4
Ion‐Sieve by Ordered Array Structure. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangren Qian
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake ResourcesQinghai Institute of Salt LakesChinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China
- Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province Xining 810008 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Min Guo
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake ResourcesQinghai Institute of Salt LakesChinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China
- Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province Xining 810008 China
| | - Zhiqiang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake ResourcesQinghai Institute of Salt LakesChinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China
- Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province Xining 810008 China
| | - Quan Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake ResourcesQinghai Institute of Salt LakesChinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China
- Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province Xining 810008 China
| | - Zhijian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake ResourcesQinghai Institute of Salt LakesChinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China
- Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province Xining 810008 China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake ResourcesQinghai Institute of Salt LakesChinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China
- Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province Xining 810008 China
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23
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Xu N, Li S, Guo M, Qian Z, Li W, Liu Z. Synthesis of H
4
Mn
5
O
12
Nanotubes Lithium Ion Sieve and Its Adsorption Properties for Li
+
from Aqueous Solution. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naicai Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQinghai Normal University Xining 810008 China
| | - Sixia Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQinghai Normal University Xining 810008 China
| | - Min Guo
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake ResourcesQinghai Institute of Salt LakesChinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China
- Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province Xining 810008 China
| | - Zhiqiang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake ResourcesQinghai Institute of Salt LakesChinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China
- Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province Xining 810008 China
| | - Wu Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake ResourcesQinghai Institute of Salt LakesChinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China
- Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province Xining 810008 China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake ResourcesQinghai Institute of Salt LakesChinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China
- Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province Xining 810008 China
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Hong HJ, Park IS, Ryu T, Kim BG, Chung KS. Macroporous Hydrogen Manganese Oxide/Al2O3 for Effective Lithium Recovery from Seawater: Effects of the Macropores vs Mesopores. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Hong
- Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Su Park
- Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Taegong Ryu
- Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Gyu Kim
- Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Sup Chung
- Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
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Zhang H, Du X, Ding S, Wang Q, Chang L, Ma X, Hao X, Pen C. DFT calculations of the synergistic effect of λ-MnO 2/graphene composites for electrochemical adsorption of lithium ions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8133-8140. [PMID: 30932117 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00714h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the composite of spinel-type manganese oxide (λ-MnO2)/graphene has drawn wide attention because of its good electrochemical adsorption selectivity for low concentrations of Li+ ions from lake brine or seawater to cope with the fast-rising demand of lithium resources. In this composite, the synergistic effect between the good selectivity of λ-MnO2 for Li+ ions and the excellent conductivity of graphene play an important role for the electrochemical adsorption of Li+ ions. In order to reveal the synergistic mechanism in the electronic conductivity, the ionic conductivity and the ion selectivity of the λ-MnO2/graphene composite, density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with electrochemical adsorption experiments were carried out. The calculation results show that the enhanced electronic conductivity of the composite is due to the decrease of the band gap (Eg) in the λ-MnO2/graphene composite compared with pure λ-MnO2. Meanwhile, the graphene composited with λ-MnO2 decreased the diffusion energy barrier of Li+ ions in λ-MnO2. In addition, the competitive adsorption of Li+, Na+ and Mg2+ ions were investigated by the nudged elastic band (NEB) method and charge distribution analysis. The results show that Li+ ions in λ-MnO2 exist in their pure ion state and have the lowest diffusion energy barrier compared with Na+ and Mg2+. The results of the DFT calculations were validated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical adsorption experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China.
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26
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Kim S, Joo H, Moon T, Kim SH, Yoon J. Rapid and selective lithium recovery from desalination brine using an electrochemical system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:667-676. [PMID: 30799481 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00498f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to the steep increase in the use of mobile electronics and electric vehicles, there has been a dramatic rise in the global lithium consumption. Although seawater is considered as an ideal future source of lithium, technological advances are necessary to ensure the economic feasibility of lithium recovery from seawater because the concentration and portion of Li+ are extremely low in seawater. Especially, battery-based electrochemical systems for lithium recovery have been considered as promising lithium recovery methods, though they have not been considered for seawater applications due to the extremely low concentration of Li+. In this study, we demonstrate that an electrochemical system based on a battery electrode material (λ-MnO2) can be used for efficient lithium recovery from desalination brine (2-3 times concentrated seawater). Our approach was able to capture Li+ within a substantially short period of time compared to conventional processes at a rate that was at least 3 times faster than that of adsorption processes, and our approach did not require acid or toxic chemicals unlike the other recovery technologies. Moreover, by consecutive operation of the system, a lithium recovery solution containing 190 mM of Li+ was obtained with only a small consumption of energy (3.07 Wh gLi-1), and the purity of Li+ was increased to 99.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoni Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Structural characteristics and sorption properties of lithium-selective composite materials based on TiO2 and MnO2. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Gao A, Sun Z, Li S, Hou X, Li H, Wu Q, Xi X. The mechanism of manganese dissolution on Li 1.6Mn 1.6O 4 ion sieves with HCl. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:3864-3871. [PMID: 29450438 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00033f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Li1.6Mn1.6O4 is a representative ion sieve material that is used to recover lithium from salt brines and bitterns owing to its high lithium ion adsorption capacity reaching 11.9-44 mg g-1. However, manganese dissolution during acid treatment hinders the industrial application of the material. For investigating the mechanism of manganese dissolution, the precursor Li1.6Mn1.6O4 and ion sieve H1.6Mn1.6O4 were prepared and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), chemical content analyses, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results of XRD, SEM, and FT-IR showed that the bulk phase of Li1.6Mn1.6O4 retained the spinel structure, whereas the lattice diminished during acid treatment. The results of chemical content analyses showed that the bulk phase of Li1.6Mn1.6O4 contained a few trivalent manganese atoms and that the mean valence of manganese in the material increased during acid treatment. DRIFTS and XPS exhibited that the surface of Li1.6Mn1.6O4 was mostly full of tetravalent manganese and retained the spinel structure during acid treatment. In the proposed mechanism of manganese dissolution, an electron of trivalent manganese in the bulk phase transfers to the surface and is captured by tetravalent manganese within the acidic environment. Then, tetravalent manganese is converted to bivalent manganese after acquiring sufficient electrons, and dissolution occurs simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aolei Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100090, China.
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29
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Analysis of the Langmuir rate equation in its differential and integrated form for adsorption processes and a comparison with the pseudo first and pseudo second order models. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-017-1295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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