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Tian Q, Feng L, Wu C, Wen J, Qiu X, Tanaka K, Ohnuki T, Yu Q. Iron coupled with hydroxylamine turns on the "switch" for free radical degradation of organic pollutants under high pH conditions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 669:1006-1014. [PMID: 38759591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Reducing iron by hydroxylamine (HA) can promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the Fenton reaction and play a crucial role in the degradation of organic pollutants. However, the performance of this system at wider environmental thresholds is still not sufficiently understood, especially in the highly alkaline environments resulting from human activities. Here, we assessed the impact of solution pH on organic pollutant degradation by goethite with the addition of HA and H2O2. The solid phase variation and ROS generation were analyzed using Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis. This study found that under alkaline conditions, the system can continuously scavenge organic pollutants through oxygen-mediated generation of free radicals. At lower pH levels, organic pollutant decomposition, exemplified by the breakdown of bisphenol A (BPA), is primarily driven by the Fenton reaction facilitated by iron. As pH increases, hydroxyl radical (•OH) production decreases, accompanied by decreased BPA removal efficiency. However, the removal efficiency of BPA increased significantly at pH > 9. At pH 12, the removal of BPA exceeded that of the acidic condition after one hour, which is consistent with observations in soil system studies. Unlike the Fenton reaction, which is not sensitive to oxygen content, the removal of BPA under alkaline conditions occurs only under aerobic conditions. H2O2 is hardly involved in the reaction, and the depletion of HA becomes a critical factor in the decomposition of BPA. Importantly, in contrast to acidic conditions, where the dramatic decomposition of BPA occurs mainly in the first 10 min, the decomposition of BPA under alkaline conditions continued to occur over the 2 h of observation until complete removal. For natural systems, the remediation of pollutants depends more on the active time of ROS than on their reactivity. Therefore, this idea can reference pollution remediation strategies in anthropogenically disturbed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinzhu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Junwei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinhong Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Kazuya Tanaka
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ohnuki
- Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-N1-16 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Qianqian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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2
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Ma X, Feng ZT, Zhou JM, Sun YJ, Zhang QQ. Regulation mechanism of hydrazine and hydroxylamine in nitrogen removal processes: A Comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140670. [PMID: 37951396 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
As the new fashioned nitrogen removal process, short-cut nitrification and denitrification (SHARON) process, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process, partial nitrification and anammox (PN/A) process and partial denitrification and anammox (PD/A) process entered into the public eye due to its advantages of high nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) and low energy consumption. However, the above process also be limited by long-term start-up time, unstable operation, complicated process regulation and so on. As intermediates or by-metabolites of functional microorganisms in above processes, hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and hydrazine (N2H4) improved NRE of the above processes by promoting functional enzyme activity, accelerating electron transport efficiency and regulating distribution of microbial communities. Therefore, this review discussed effects of NH2OH and N2H4 on stability and NRE of above processes, analyzed regulatory mechanism from functional enzyme activity, electron transport efficiency and microbial community distribution. Finally, the challenges and limitations for nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) produced from regulation of NH2OH and N2H4 are discussed. In additional, perspectives on future trends in technology development are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ze-Tong Feng
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jia-Min Zhou
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ying-Jun Sun
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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Liu J, Ran X, Li J, Wang H, Xue G, Wang Y. Novel insights into carbon nanomaterials enhancing anammox for nitrogen removal: Effects and mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167146. [PMID: 37726079 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) possess the properties including large specific surface area, high porosity, and stable chemical structures, presenting significant application advantages in wastewater treatment. Indeed, CNMs are considered to be added to anammox systems to strengthen anammox function, especially to resolve the challenge of anammox technology, i.e., the slow growth rate of anammox bacteria, as well as its high environmental sensitivity. This paper systematically reviews the promotion effects and mechanisms of CNMs on the nitrogen removal performance of anammox system. Among the zero-, one-, and two-dimensional CNMs, two-dimensional CNMs have best promoting effect on the nitrogen removal performance of anammox system due to its excellent conductivity and abundant functional groups. Then, the promotion effects of CNMs on anammox process are summarized from the perspective of anammox activity and bacteria abundance. Furthermore, CNMs not only enhance the anammox process, but also stimulate the coupling of denitrification pathways with anammox, as well as the improvement of system operational stability (alleviating the inhibitions of low temperature and pH fluctuation), thus contributing to the promoted nitrogen removal performance. Essentially, CNMs are capable of facilitating microbial immobilization and electron transfer, which favor to improve the efficiency and stability of anammox process. Finally, this review highlights the gap in knowledge and future work, aiming to provide a deeper understanding of how CNMs can strengthen the anammox system and provide a novel perspective for the engineering of the anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaochuan Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Gang Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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4
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Chen M, He T, Liang X, Wang C, Zheng C. Efficient transformation of hydroxylamine from wastewater after supplementation with sodium carbonate or calcium bicarbonate. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115603. [PMID: 37856986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylamine is a highly reactive inorganic nitrogen compound that not only has a toxic effect on microorganisms, but also makes wastewater treatment more difficult, which in turn damages the environment and even endangers human health. This study reported a new method for converting of hydroxylamine by adding sodium carbonate or calcium bicarbonate to the hydroxylamine-polluted wastewater. The conversion efficiency of hydroxylamine was more than 99% in the presence of sodium carbonate or calcium bicarbonate under the reaction conditions of 25 °C, C/N ratio 15, and dissolved oxygen 7.4 mg/L. And its maximal conversion rate can reach 3.49 mg/L/h. This method overcomes various shortcomings of the reported hydroxylamine removal technologies that require a large material dosage and high cost. The technology in this report has many advantages: low cost, 'green' environmental protection, easy market promotion, and high economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengping Chen
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Tengxia He
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiwen Liang
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Cerong Wang
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chunxia Zheng
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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5
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Ren ZQ, Wang H, Zhang LG, Du XN, Huang BC, Jin RC. A review of anammox-based nitrogen removal technology: From microbial diversity to engineering applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127896. [PMID: 36070811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has the advantages of high efficiency and low energy consumption, so it has broad application prospects in biological denitrification of wastewater. However, the application of anammox technology to existing wastewater treatment is still challenging. The main problems are the insufficient supply of nitrite and the susceptibility of anammox bacteria to environmental factors. In this paper, from the perspective of the diversity of anammox bacteria, the habitats and characteristics of anammox bacteria of different genera were compared. At the same time, laboratory research and engineering applications of anammox technology in treating wastewater from different sources were reviewed, and the progress of and obstacles to the practical application of anammox technology were clarified. Finally, a focus for future research was proposed to intensively study the water quality barrier factors of anammox and its regulation strategies. Meanwhile, a combined process was developed and optimized on this basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qi Ren
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Li-Ge Zhang
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xue-Ning Du
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Huang
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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6
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Venturin B, Rodrigues HC, Bonassa G, Hollas CE, Bolsan AC, Antes FG, De Prá MC, Fongaro G, Treichel H, Kunz A. Key enzymes involved in anammox-based processes for wastewater treatment: An applied overview. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10780. [PMID: 36058650 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has attracted significant attention as an economic, robustness, and sustainable method for the treatment of nitrogen (N)-rich wastewater. Anammox bacteria (AnAOB) coexist with other microorganisms, and particularly with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and/or heterotrophic bacteria (HB), in symbiosis in favor of the substrate requirement (ammonium and nitrite) of the AnAOB being supplied by these other organisms. The dynamics of these microbial communities have a significant effect on the N-removal performance, but the corresponding metabolic pathways are still not fully understood. These processes involve many common metabolites that may act as key factors to control the symbiotic interactions between these organisms, to maximize N-removal efficiency from wastewater. Therefore, this work overviews the current state of knowledge about the metabolism of these microorganisms including key enzymes and intermediate metabolites and summarizes already reported experiences based on the employment of certain metabolites for the improvement of N-removal using anammox-based processes. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Approaches knowledge about the biochemistry and metabolic pathways involved in anammox-based processes. Some molecular tools can be used to determine enzymatic activity, serving as an optimization in nitrogen removal processes. Enzymatic evaluation allied to the physical-chemical and biomolecular analysis of the nitrogen removal processes expands the application in different effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Venturin
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Bonassa
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Helen Treichel
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Airton Kunz
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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7
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Zhang Q, Lin JG, Kong Z, Zhang Y. A critical review of exogenous additives for improving the anammox process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155074. [PMID: 35398420 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anammox achieves chemoautotrophic nitrogen removal under anaerobic and anoxic conditions and is a low-carbon wastewater biological nitrogen removal process with broad application potential. However, the physiological limitations of AnAOB often cause problems in engineering applications, such as a long start-up time, unstable operation, easily inhibited reactions, and difficulty in long-term strain preservation. Exogenous additives have been considered an alternative strategy to address these issues by retaining microbes, shortening the doubling time of AnAOB and improving functional enzyme activity. This paper reviews the role of carriers, biochar, intermediates, metal ions, reaction substrates, redox buffers, cryoprotectants and organics in optimizing anammox. The pathways and mechanisms of exogenous additives, which are explored to solve problems, are systematically summarized and analyzed in this article according to operational performance, functional enzyme activity, and microbial abundance to provide helpful information for the engineering application of anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jih-Gaw Lin
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Zhe Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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8
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Shi Z, Chen Y. Linking Genome-Centric Metagenomics to Kinetic Analysis Reveals the Regulation Mechanism of Hydroxylamine in Nitrite Accumulation of Biological Denitrification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10317-10328. [PMID: 35761213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Given hydroxylamine accumulation in various nitrification systems and its potential mechanism in regulating the subsequent denitrification process were unraveled in this study. Hydroxylamine (>0.5 mgN/L) immediately induced nitrite accumulation of activated sludge by inhibiting the activities of nitrite reductases and their electron transport modules (Complex III and cytochrome c). Moreover, long-term exposure to 0.5-2.5 mgN/L hydroxylamine accelerated the functional transformation from denitrification to denitratation under low C/N conditions. However, genome-centric metagenomics indicated that a genotypic complete rather than truncated denitrifier Thauera aminoaromatica TJ127 was enriched and mainly responsible for acetate storage and nitrate reduction of the denitratation community. Interestingly, its enrichment resulted in nitrite production and reduction sequentially but reduced nitrate only to nitrite under carbon-limited conditions (C/N ≤ 3.0). Thus, it showed higher tolerance to hydroxylamine than the concurrent phenotype denitrifiers in activated sludge. Moreover, due to its higher anoxic storage capability in the feast phase, this enrichment became highly specialized by decreasing the feast/famine ratio, and thus a satisfactory denitratation performance was still maintained without hydroxylamine. These results suggested that the transient release of hydroxylamine from nitrification may interfere with subsequent denitrification metabolism, but its continuous accumulation is beneficial for achieving denitratation, which could steadily provide nitrite for mainstream anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhijian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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A Study of a Composite Biofilm Reactor for the Treatment of Mariculture Wastewater: Performance and Microbial Communities. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14105743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mariculture wastewater is one of the main sources of saline wastewater. This study used a waterfall aeration biofilm reactor combined with a sequencing batch reactor (WABR-SBR) to treat simulated mariculture sewage. Despite the high inhibition by salinity, the reactor maintained a high removal efficiency for organic matter and ammonium nitrogen. The ammonia nitrogen removal rate was greater than 99%, while that for nitrite, which is extremely toxic to farmed animals, was greater than 80%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that salinity affected the surface structure and composition of biofilms, which became compact and secreted more solute to resist the impact of salinity. High throughput 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the main phyla in the biofilms were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Metagenomic annotation of genes further indicated nitrogen metabolism pathways under high salinity. The conclusions of this study can provide a theoretical foundation for the biological treatment of high-salt wastewater and provide a technical reference for further application of the WABR-SBR composite system.
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Oshiki M, Gao L, Zhang L, Okabe S. NH 2OH Disproportionation Mediated by Anaerobic Ammonium-oxidizing (Anammox) Bacteria. Microbes Environ 2022; 37. [PMID: 35418545 PMCID: PMC9530737 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me21092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anammox bacteria produce N2 gas by oxidizing NH4+ with NO2–, and hydroxylamine (NH2OH) is a potential intermediate of the anammox process. N2 gas production occurs when anammox bacteria are incubated with NH2OH only, indicating their capacity for NH2OH disproportionation with NH2OH serving as both the electron donor and acceptor. Limited information is currently available on NH2OH disproportionation by anammox bacteria; therefore, the stoichiometry of anammox bacterial NH2OH disproportionation was examined in the present study using 15N-tracing techniques. The anammox bacteria, Brocadia sinica, Jettenia caeni, and Scalindua sp. were incubated with the addition of 15NH2OH, and the production of 15N-labeled nitrogenous compounds was assessed. The anammox bacteria tested performed NH2OH disproportionation and produced 15-15N2 gas and NH4+ as reaction products. The addition of acetylene, an inhibitor of the anammox process, reduced the activity of NH2OH disproportionation, but not completely. The growth of B. sinica by NH2OH disproportionation (–240.3 kJ mol NH2OH–1 under standard conditions) was also tested in 3 up-flow column anammox reactors fed with 1) 0.7 mM NH2OH only, 2) 0.7 mM NH2OH and 0.5 mM NH4+, and 3) 0.7 mM NH2OH and 0.5 mM NO2–. NH2OH consumption activities were markedly reduced after 7 d of operation, indicating that B. sinica was unable to maintain its activity or biomass by NH2OH disproportionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Oshiki
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
| | - Lin Gao
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
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11
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Determination of 15N/ 14N of Ammonium, Nitrite, Nitrate, Hydroxylamine, and Hydrazine Using Colorimetric Reagents and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0241621. [PMID: 35285242 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02416-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the nitrogen (N) cycle, nitrogenous compounds are chemically and biologically converted to various aqueous and gaseous N species. The 15N-labeling approach is a powerful culture-dependent technique to obtain insights into the complex nitrogen transformation reactions that occur in cultures. In the 15N-labeling approach, the fates of supplemented 15N- and/or unlabeled gaseous and aqueous compounds are tracked by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, whereas MS analysis of aqueous N species requires laborious sample preparation steps and is performed using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, which requires an expensive mass spectrometer. We developed a simple and high-throughput MS method for determining the 15N atoms percent of NH4+, NO2-, NO3-, NH2OH, and N2H4, where liquid samples (<0.5 mL) were mixed with colorimetric reagents (naphthylethylenediamine for NO2-, indophenol for NH4+, and p-aminobenzaldehyde for N2H4), and the mass spectra of the formed N complex dyes were obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS. NH2OH and NO3- were chemically converted to NO2- by iodine oxidation and copper/hydrazine reduction reaction, respectively, prior to the above colorimetric reaction. The intensity of the isotope peak (M + 1 or M + 2) increased when the N complex dye was formed by coupling with a 15N-labeled compound, and a linear relationship was found between the determined 15N/14N peak ratio and 15N atom% for the tested N species. The developed method was applied to bacterial cultures to examine their N-transformation reactions, enabling us to observe the occurrence of NO2- oxidation and NO3- reduction in a hypoxic Nitrobacter winogradskyi culture. IMPORTANCE 15N/14N analysis for aqueous N species is a powerful tool for obtaining insights into the global N cycle, but the procedure is cumbersome and laborious. The combined use of colorimetric reagents and MALDI-TOF MS, designated color MALDI-TOF MS, enabled us to determine the 15N atom% of common aqueous N species without laborious sample preparation and chromatographic separation steps; for instance, the 15N atom% of NO2- can be determined from >1,000 liquid samples daily at <$1 (U.S.) per 384 samples for routine analysis. This convenient MS method is a powerful tool that will advance our ability to explore the N-transformation reactions that occur in various environments and biological samples.
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Wu P, Ma L, Chen J, Wang C, Li X, Liu W, Xu L. Hydroxylamine metabolism in mainstream denitrifying ammonium oxidation (DEAMOX) process: Achieving fast start-up and robust operation with bio-augmentation assistance under ambient temperature. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126736. [PMID: 34333411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen removal from mainstream wastewater via DEnitrifying AMmonium OXidation (DEAMOX) is often challenged by undulated actual temperature and high loading rate. Here, we discovered NH2OH addition (HA) and bio-augmentation (BA) tactics on start-up and operation performance of DEAMOXs (R1 and R2) under ambient temperature (11.3-31.7 °C). Over 340-day operation suggested that R2 received 10 mg/L HA and 1:25 BA ratio (v/v, anammox/partial denitrification sludge) achieved desirable nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of 97.22% after 145-day, while R1 under higher BA ratio of 1:12.5 without HA obtained lower NRE (90.86%) after 184-day. Batch tests revealed that nitrate-nitrite transformation ratio reached 98.64% at low COD/NO3--N of 2.6 with HA. Significantly, compared with R2, R1 recovered quickly with satisfactory effluent total nitrogen of 4.21 mg/L despite nitrogen loading rate greater than 0.15 kg N/m3/d and temperature decreased to 14.6 °C. The abundant narG represented high nitrate reduction potential, hzsA and hdh were extensively detected as the symbolisation of anammox metabolism. Thauera, Denitratisoma and unclassified f Comamonadaceae dominated nitrite accumulation. Ca. Brocadia as the dominant anammox bacteria, and its population maintained stable against low temperature and load shocks by NH2OH intensification. Overall, this study offers an opportunity for the wide-applications of DEAMOX treating mainstream wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou 215009, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaonong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Peng Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Liping Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Junjiang Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Chaochao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Wenru Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Lezhong Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou 215009, China
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13
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Kroneck PMH. Nature's nitrite-to-ammonia expressway, with no stop at dinitrogen. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 27:1-21. [PMID: 34865208 PMCID: PMC8840924 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Since the characterization of cytochrome c552 as a multiheme nitrite reductase, research on this enzyme has gained major interest. Today, it is known as pentaheme cytochrome c nitrite reductase (NrfA). Part of the NH4+ produced from NO2- is released as NH3 leading to nitrogen loss, similar to denitrification which generates NO, N2O, and N2. NH4+ can also be used for assimilatory purposes, thus NrfA contributes to nitrogen retention. It catalyses the six-electron reduction of NO2- to NH4+, hosting four His/His ligated c-type hemes for electron transfer and one structurally differentiated active site heme. Catalysis occurs at the distal side of a Fe(III) heme c proximally coordinated by lysine of a unique CXXCK motif (Sulfurospirillum deleyianum, Wolinella succinogenes) or, presumably, by the canonical histidine in Campylobacter jejeuni. Replacement of Lys by His in NrfA of W. succinogenes led to a significant loss of enzyme activity. NrfA forms homodimers as shown by high resolution X-ray crystallography, and there exist at least two distinct electron transfer systems to the enzyme. In γ-proteobacteria (Escherichia coli) NrfA is linked to the menaquinol pool in the cytoplasmic membrane through a pentaheme electron carrier (NrfB), in δ- and ε-proteobacteria (S. deleyianum, W. succinogenes), the NrfA dimer interacts with a tetraheme cytochrome c (NrfH). Both form a membrane-associated respiratory complex on the extracellular side of the cytoplasmic membrane to optimize electron transfer efficiency. This minireview traces important steps in understanding the nature of pentaheme cytochrome c nitrite reductases, and discusses their structural and functional features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M H Kroneck
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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14
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Huang T, Zhao J, Hu B, Zhao J, Yuan C. Effective restoration of partial nitritation and anammox biofilm process by short-term hydroxylamine dosing: Mechanism and microbial interaction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125910. [PMID: 34523549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The one-stage partial nitritation and anammox (PN-A) process frequently experiences deterioration from ammonium accumulation and nitrate build-up. In this study, hydroxylamine was dosed to restore the process from deterioration in a continuously aerated PN-A sequencing biofilm batch reactor, and the impact of hydroxylamine on the metabolism of PN-A process was studied. PN-A process was totally restored in 5 days via 10 mg N·L-1 hydroxylamine dosing, reducing nitrate-produced/ammonium-removed ratio from 28.5% to less than 11.0%. hydroxylamine dosing promoted biological production of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide and reduced the production of nitrate in the PN-A process. This study advanced the understanding of the metabolism versatility of hydroxylamine and nitric oxide as well as their function in interaction between aerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria and anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria, and proposed the potential application of hydroxylamine dosing in ammonium-contained wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhao
- School of water and environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junkai Zhao
- School of water and environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunbo Yuan
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
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Soler-Jofra A, Pérez J, van Loosdrecht MCM. Hydroxylamine and the nitrogen cycle: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116723. [PMID: 33352529 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria were first isolated more than 100 years ago and hydroxylamine is known to be an intermediate. The enzymatic steps involving hydroxylamine conversion to nitrite are still under discussion. For a long time it was assumed that hydroxylamine was directly converted to nitrite by a hydroxylamine oxidoreductase. Recent enzymatic evidences suggest that the actual product of hydroxylamine conversion is NO and a third, yet unknown, enzyme further converts NO to nitrite. More recently, ammonium oxidizing archaea and complete ammonium oxidizing bacteria were isolated and identified. Still the central nitrogen metabolism of these microorganisms presents to researchers the same puzzle: how hydroxylamine is transformed to nitrite. Nitrogen losses in the form of NO and N2O have been identified in all three types of aerobic ammonium oxidizing microorganisms and hydroxylamine is known to play a significant role in the formation. Yet, the pathways and the factors promoting the greenhouse gas emissions are to be fully characterized. Hydroxylamine also plays a yet poorly understood role on anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria and is known to inhibit nitrite oxidizing bacteria. In this review, the role of this elusive intermediate in the metabolism of different key players of the nitrogen cycle is discussed, as well as the putative importance of hydroxylamine as a key nitrogen metabolite for microbial interactions within microbial communities and engineered systems. Overall, for the first time putting together the acquired knowledge about hydroxylamine and the nitrogen cycle over the years in a review, setting potential hypothesis and highlighting possible next steps for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Soler-Jofra
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Julio Pérez
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
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