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Shu X, Ye Q, Huang H, Xia L, Tang H, Liu X, Wu J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Deng L, Liu W. Effects of grazing exclusion on soil microbial diversity and its functionality in grasslands: a meta-analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1366821. [PMID: 38567132 PMCID: PMC10985342 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1366821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Grazing exclusion (GE) is considered an effective strategy for restoring the degradation of overgrazed grasslands on the global scale. Soil microbial diversity plays a crucial role in supporting multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality) in grassland ecosystems. However, the impact of grazing exclusion on soil microbial diversity remains uncertain. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis using a dataset comprising 246 paired observations from 46 peer-reviewed papers to estimate how GE affects microbial diversity and how these effects vary with climatic regions, grassland types, and GE duration ranging from 1 to 64 years. Meanwhile, we explored the relationship between microbial diversity and its functionality under grazing exclusion. Overall, grazing exclusion significantly increased microbial Shannon (1.9%) and microbial richness (4.9%) compared to grazing group. For microbial groups, GE significantly increased fungal richness (8.6%) and bacterial richness (5.3%), but decreased specific microbial richness (-11.9%). The responses of microbial Shannon to GE varied among climatic regions, grassland types, and GE duration. Specifically, GE increased microbial diversity in in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid regions, but decreased it in humid regions. Moreover, GE significantly increased microbial Shannon in semidesert grasslands (5.9%) and alpine grasslands (3.0%), but not in temperate grasslands. Long-term (>20 year) GE had greater effects on microbial diversity (8.0% for Shannon and 6.7% for richness) compared to short-term (<10 year) GE (-0.8% and 2.4%). Furthermore, grazing exclusion significantly increased multifunctionality, and both microbial and plant Shannon positively correlated with multifunctionality. Overall, our findings emphasize the importance of considering climate, GE duration, and grassland type for biodiversity conservation and sustainable grassland ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Shu
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinxin Ye
- Institute of Agricultural Bioenvironment and Energy, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Huang
- College of Economics and Management, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Longlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyi Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Bioenvironment and Energy, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianwei Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Bioenvironment and Energy, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiding Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangji Deng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weijia Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Bioenvironment and Energy, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Fang M, Lu G, Zhang S, Liang W. Overgrazing on unmanaged grassland interfered with the restoration of adjacent grazing-banned grassland by affecting soil properties and microbial community. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1327056. [PMID: 38239733 PMCID: PMC10794652 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1327056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A "grazing ban" policy has been implemented in some pastoral areas in China to fence degraded grasslands for restoration. However, fencing increased grazing pressures in unmanaged grasslands. Based on the mechanism of negative edge effect, we investigated whether overgrazing on unmanaged grassland interfered with the restoration of adjacent grazing-banned grassland by affecting soil properties and microbial community using a sample in Hulun Buir of Inner Mongolia, in order to optimize the "grazing ban" policy. Plant and soil were sampled in areas 30 m away from the fence in unmanaged grassland (UM) and in areas 30 m (adjacent to UM) and 30-60 m (not adjacent to UM) away from the fence in the grazing-banned grassland (F-30 m and F-60 m). The species richness and diversity of plant communities and the ASV number of fungal communities significantly decreased in F-30 m and UM, and the Simpson index of the bacterial community significantly decreased in F-30 m compared with F-60 m. The abundance of fungi involved in soil organic matter decomposition significantly decreased and the abundance of stress-resistant bacteria significantly increased, while the abundance of bacteria involved in litter decomposition significantly decreased in UM and F-30 m compared with F-60 m. The simplification of plant communities decreased in soil water and total organic carbon contents can explain the variations of soil microbial communities in both UM and F-30 m compared with F-60 m. The results of PLS-PM show that changes in plant community and soil microbial function guilds in UM may affect those in F-30 m by changing soil water and total organic carbon contents. These results indicate that overgrazing on unmanaged grassland interfered with the restoration of adjacent grazing-banned grassland by affecting soil properties and microbial community. The grazing-banned grasslands should be adjusted periodically in order to avoid negative edge effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Fang
- College of Life and Environment Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Lu
- College of Life and Environment Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- College of Life and Environment Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
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Qin X, Nie X, Wang X, Hong J, Yan Y. Divergent seasonal responses of above- and below-ground to environmental factors in alpine grassland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1091441. [PMID: 36815013 PMCID: PMC9939506 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1091441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Under current global warming, the relationship between season changes of plants and environmental factors is focused on high-elevation and latitude regions. Due to the desynchronized growth of above- and below-ground and the buffering of soil, the driving factors in leaf and root show seasonal dynamics. METHODS We measured above- and below-ground intensity in the alpine steppe over the non-growing season (October-April) and growing season (May-September). Air temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, and soil temperature were used to analyze the correlation based on the growth rhythm. RESULTS Results showed that an earlier growth in spring and a delayed dormancy in autumn of root than leaf was observed. Our results strongly suggest that soil moisture plays a more important role in leaf unfolding while temperature is consistent with the withering of the shoots. Soil moisture comes from soil melt driving the spring phenology of roots, which derived from the storage of the subsoil layer in the last autumn. DISCUSSION Climate change will affect the strong seasonal patterns that characterized these precipitation-limited systems, especially in the spring and fall shoulder seasons. As seasonality changes in the alpine steppe, divergent responses of leaf and fine root would be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Qin
- School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Xiaojun Nie
- School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangtao Hong
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Meng N, Wang L, Qi W, Dai X, Li Z, Yang Y, Li R, Ma J, Zheng H. A high-resolution gridded grazing dataset of grassland ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in 1982-2015. Sci Data 2023; 10:68. [PMID: 36732526 PMCID: PMC9895079 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-01970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Grazing intensity, characterized by high spatial heterogeneity, is a vital parameter to accurately depict human disturbance and its effects on grassland ecosystems. Grazing census data provide useful county-scale information; however, they do not accurately delineate spatial heterogeneity within counties, and a high-resolution dataset is urgently needed. Therefore, we built a methodological framework combining the cross-scale feature extraction method and a random forest model to spatialize census data after fully considering four features affecting grazing, and produced a high-resolution gridded grazing dataset on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in 1982-2015. The proposed method (R2 = 0.80) exhibited 35.59% higher accuracy than the traditional method. Our dataset were highly consistent with census data (R2 of spatial accuracy = 0.96, NSE of temporal accuracy = 0.96) and field data (R2 of spatial accuracy = 0.77). Compared with public datasets, our dataset featured a higher temporal resolution (1982-2015) and spatial resolution (over two times higher). Thus, it has the potential to elucidate the spatiotemporal variation in human activities and guide the sustainable management of grassland ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wenchao Qi
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xuhuan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zuzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yanzheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ruonan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Liu M, Li Y, Sun L, Du Z, Li W, Zhang L, Wang J, Chen J. Divergent coupling mechanism of precipitation on plant community multifunction across alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1122140. [PMID: 36743555 PMCID: PMC9895794 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1122140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is essential to understand plant adaptive strategies on plant stoichiometric traits at the species level rather than at the community level under various environmental conditions across the Tibetan Plateau (TP). METHODS Here, plant community function and edaphic and meteorological factors were collected at 111 sites along an extensive water-heat gradient during the peak growing season in 2015. Community-weighted mean trait (CWM) was introduced to illuminating dynamics of the functional trait at the community level. RESULTS Our results indicated that plant functional traits, including CWM-leaf total carbon (CWM_LTC), CWM-leaf total nitrogen (CWM_LTN), and CWM-leaf total phosphorus (CWM_LTP), showed similar and comparatively marked increases from alpine meadow (AM) to alpine steppe (AS). Moreover, since the tightly coordinated variation among each plant functional trait of AM was higher than that of AS, a more stable coupling mechanism of these plant functional traits could be observed in AM under a long-term evolutionary habit. Specifically, there was higher annual mean precipitation (AMP) in AM than that in AS significantly (P < 0.01), and AMP was significantly correlated with soil moisture and soil total phosphorus in AM. Generally, our findings suggest that precipitation determines divergent coupling plant community function in both AS and AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Le Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyin Du
- School of Geographical Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Wencheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinniu Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- Climate Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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Liu T, Sun J, Chen Y, Zhou T, Shang H, Wang Y, Wu J, Mi Q, Zhang J, He W, Sun L. Responses of carbon dynamics to grazing exclusion in natural alpine grassland ecosystems on the QingZang Plateau. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1042953. [PMID: 36438097 PMCID: PMC9692098 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1042953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the context of "Carbon Emissions Peak" and "Carbon Neutrality", grazing exclusion (GE) has been applied widely to rehabilitate degraded grasslands and increase carbon sequestration. However, on the QingZang Plateau (QZP), the impacts of GE on the carbon dynamics of alpine grasslands are poorly understood, particularly at a regional scale. To fill this knowledge gap, we evaluated the responses of carbon sequestration to GE in different alpine grasslands across QZP by using meta-analysis. The effects of GE on ecosystem carbon fractions were dependent on GE duration, grassland types and climate factors. Specifically, our results indicated that GE had more obviously positive effects on carbon stock across the alpine meadow than the alpine steppe. However, when considering different GE duration, the longer duration of GE was more effective for increasing ecosystem carbon sequestration (R 2 = 0.52, P<0.0001) in the alpine steppe. Our results further demonstrated that annual mean precipitation (AMP) and temperature (AMT) began to dominate ecosystem carbon sequestration after three years of GE duration across the alpine meadow; and AMP was an important climate factor limiting ecosystem carbon sequestration (R 2 = 0.34, P<0.01) in the alpine steppe. In terms of plant carbon fraction, GE generated continuous positive effect (P<0.05) on aboveground biomass with the increased GE duration in the alpine meadow, while this positive effect disappeared after the 8th year of GE duration. And no positive effects were found on belowground biomass in the 11th year in alpine steppe. For soil organic carbon (SOC), there existed periodic fluctuations (increased and then decreased) on SOC in response to GE. For microbial biomass carbon, there were no obvious trends in response to GE duration. In general, we highlighted that the responses of different carbon fractions (plant-soil-microbe) to GE were non-uniform at spatial and temporal scales, thereby we should adopt different carbon management practices for sustainable development of different grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth System Resources and Environment of Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Earth System Resources and Environment of Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youchao Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiancai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Earth System Resources and Environment of Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Shang
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Yingxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth System Resources and Environment of Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Junxi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Earth System Resources and Environment of Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth System Resources and Environment of Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Earth System Resources and Environment of Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Le Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Earth System Resources and Environment of Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sun J, Wang Y, Liu S, Li J, Zhou H, Wu G, Haregeweyn N. Editorial: Patterns, functions, and processes of alpine grassland ecosystems under global change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1048031. [PMID: 36311090 PMCID: PMC9608754 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1048031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Earth System Resources and Environment of Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth System Resources and Environment of Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Junran Li
- Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Regions in Qinghai, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Gaolin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Nigussie Haregeweyn
- International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Classification of Alpine Grasslands in Cold and High Altitudes Based on Multispectral Landsat-8 Images: A Case Study in Sanjiangyuan National Park, China. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14153714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Land-use–cover change (LUCC)/vegetation cover plays a critical role in Earth system science and is a reflection of human activities and environmental changes. LUCC will affect the structure and function of ecosystems and a series of other terrestrial surface processes, such as energy exchange, water circulation, biogeochemical circulation, and vegetation productivity. Therefore, accurate LUCC mapping and vegetation cover monitoring are the bases for simulating the global carbon and hydrological cycles, studying the interactions of the land surface and climate, and assessing land degradation. Based on field GPS surveys and UAV data, with cloud-free and snow/glacier algorithms and the SVM classifier to train and model alpine grassland, the alpine grassland and LUCC were extracted by using Landsat-8 OLI satellite images in Sanjiangyuan National Park in this paper. The latest datasets of vegetation types with 30 m × 30 m spatial resolution in the three parks were prepared and formed. The classification results show that the SVM classifier could better distinguish the major land-use types, and the overall classification accuracy was very high. However, in the alpine grassland subcategories, the classification accuracies of the four typical grasslands were relatively low, especially between desert steppes and alpine meadows, and desert steppes and alpine steppes. It manifests the limitations of Landsat-8 multispectral remote sensing imageries in finer-resolution grassland classifications of high-altitude alpine mountains. The method can be utilized for other multispectral satellite imageries with the same band matching, such as Landsat 7, Landsat 9, Sentinel-2, etc. The method described in this paper can rapidly and efficiently process annual alpine grassland maps of the source areas of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, and the Lancang River. It can provide timely and high-spatial-resolution datasets for supporting scientific decisions for the sustainable management of Sanjiangyuan National Park.
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