1
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Leane M, Pitt K, Reynolds G, Tantuccio A, Moreton C, Crean A, Kleinebudde P, Carlin B, Gamble J, Gamlen M, Stone E, Kuentz M, Gururajan B, Khimyak YZ, Van Snick B, Andersen S, Misic Z, Peter S, Sheehan S. Ten years of the manufacturing classification system: a review of literature applications and an extension of the framework to continuous manufacture. Pharm Dev Technol 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38618690 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2342953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The MCS initiative was first introduced in 2013. Since then, two MCS papers have been published: the first proposing a structured approach to consider the impact of drug substance physical properties on manufacturability and the second outlining real world examples of MCS principles. By 2023, both publications had been extensively cited by over 240 publications. This article firstly reviews this citing work and considers how the MCS concepts have been received and are being applied. Secondly, we will extend the MCS framework to continuous manufacture. The review structure follows the flow of drug product development focussing first on optimisation of API properties. The exploitation of links between API particle properties and manufacturability using large datasets seems particularly promising. Subsequently, applications of the MCS for formulation design include a detailed look at the impact of percolation threshold, the role of excipients and how other classification systems can be of assistance. The final review section focusses on manufacturing process development, covering the impact of strain rate sensitivity and modelling applications. The second part of the paper focuses on continuous processing proposing a parallel MCS framework alongside the existing batch manufacturing guidance. Specifically, we propose that continuous direct compression can accommodate a wider range of API properties compared to its batch equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leane
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Moreton, UK
| | - Kendal Pitt
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Gavin Reynolds
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Anthony Tantuccio
- Technology Intensification, Hovione LLC, East Windsor, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Abina Crean
- SSPC, the SFI Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Peter Kleinebudde
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Brian Carlin
- Owner, Carlin Pharma Consulting, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - John Gamble
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Moreton, UK
| | - Michael Gamlen
- Chief Scientific Officer, Gamlen Tableting Ltd, Heanor, UK
| | - Elaine Stone
- Consultant, Stonepharma Ltd. ATIC, Loughborough, UK
| | - Martin Kuentz
- Institute for Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Bindhu Gururajan
- Pharmaceutical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yaroslav Z Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Bernd Van Snick
- Oral Solids Development, Drug Product Development, JnJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sune Andersen
- Oral Solids Development, Drug Product Development, JnJ Innovative Medicine, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Zdravka Misic
- Innovation Research and Development, dsm-firmenich, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Peter
- Research and Development Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Sheehan
- External Development and Manufacturing, Alkermes Pharma Ireland Limited, Dublin 4, Ireland
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2
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Holm R, Kuentz M, Ilie-Spiridon AR, Griffin BT. Lipid based formulations as supersaturating oral delivery systems: From current to future industrial applications. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 189:106556. [PMID: 37543063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations, in particular supersaturated lipid-based formulations, are important delivery approaches when formulating challenging compounds, as especially low water-soluble compounds profit from delivery in a pre-dissolved state. In this article, the classification of lipid-based formulation is described, followed by a detailed discussion of different supersaturated lipid-based formulations and the recent advances reported in the literature. The supersaturated lipid-based formulations discussed include both the in situ forming supersaturated systems as well as the thermally induced supersaturated lipid-based formulations. The in situ forming drug supersaturation by lipid-based formulations has been widely employed and numerous clinically available products are on the market. There are some scientific gaps in the field, but in general there is a good understanding of the mechanisms driving the success of these systems. For thermally induced supersaturation, the technology is not yet fully understood and developed, hence more research is required in this field to explore the formulations beyond preclinical studies and initial clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Holm
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Martin Kuentz
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hofackerstr. 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
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3
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Li X, Dunn AL. Development of a High-Throughput Kinetics Protocol and Application to an Aza-Michael Reaction. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Pharmaceutical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Anna L. Dunn
- Pharmaceutical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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4
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Soliman ME, Adewumi AT, Akawa OB, Subair TI, Okunlola FO, Akinsuku OE, Khan S. Simulation Models for Prediction of Bioavailability of Medicinal Drugs-the Interface Between Experiment and Computation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:86. [PMID: 35292867 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral drug bioavailability (BA) problems have remained inevitable over the years, impairing drug efficacy and indirectly leading to eventual human morbidity and mortality. However, some conventional lab-based methods improve drug absorption leading to enhanced BA, and the recent experimental techniques are up-and-coming. Nevertheless, some have inherent drawbacks in improving the efficacy of poorly insoluble and low impermeable drugs. Drug BA and strategies to overcome these challenges were briefly highlighted. This review has significantly unravelled the different computational models for studying and predicting drug bioavailability. Several computational approaches provide mechanistic insights into the oral drug delivery system simulation of descriptors like solubility, permeability, transport protein-ligand interactions, and molecular structures. The in silico techniques have long been known still are just being applied to unravel drug bioavailability issues. Many publications have reported novel applications of the computational models towards achieving improved drug BA, including predicting gastrointestinal tract (GIT) drug absorption properties and passive intestinal membrane permeability, thus maximizing time and resources. Also, the classical molecular simulation models for free solvation energies of soluble-related processes such as solubilization, dissolutions, supersaturation, and precipitation have been used in virtual screening studies. A few of the tools are GastroPlusTM that supports biowaiver for drugs, mainly BCS class III and predicts drug compounds' absorption and pharmacokinetic process; SimCyp® simulator for mechanistic modelling and simulation of drug formulation processes; pharmacodynamics analysis on non-linear mixed-effects modelling; and mathematical models, predicting absorption potential/maximum absorption dose. This review provides in silico-experiment annexation in the drug bioavailability enhancement, possible insights that lead to critical opinion on the applications and reliability of the various in silico models as a growing tool for drug development and discovery, thus accelerating drug development processes.
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5
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Maestrelli F, Cirri M, De Luca E, Biagi D, Mura P. Role of Cyclodextrins and Drug Solid State Properties on Flufenamic Acid Dissolution Performance from Tablets. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020284. [PMID: 35214017 PMCID: PMC8880332 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flufenamic acid (FFA) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug characterised by a low solubility and problems of variable dissolution rate and bio-inequivalence. Different FFA batches, obtained by different suppliers, showed different powder characteristics (particle size, shape and surface properties) that may affect its dissolution behaviour from solid dosage forms. Aim of this work was the improvement of FFA solubility and dissolution rate by the use of cyclodextrins (CDs) and the obtainment of an effective tablet formulation by direct compression. Several CDs have been tested, both in solution and in solid state and several binary systems drug-CDs have been obtained with different techniques, with the scope to select the most effective system. Grinding technique with randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) was the only one that allowed the complete drug amorphization, together with the highest improvement in drug dissolution rate, and was then selected for tablets formulation. Conventional and immediate release tablets were obtained and fully characterised for technological properties. In both cases an improved and well reproducible drug dissolution performance was obtained, independently from the FFA supplier and thus no more affected by the differences observed between the original FFA crystalline samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maestrelli
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, Via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (E.D.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Marzia Cirri
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, Via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (E.D.L.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Enrico De Luca
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, Via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (E.D.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Diletta Biagi
- Menarini Manufacturing Logistic and Services s.r.l. (AMMLS), Via dei Sette Santi 1/3, 50131 Florence, Italy;
| | - Paola Mura
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, Via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (E.D.L.); (P.M.)
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6
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Bahr MN, Nandkeolyar A, Kenna JK, Nevins N, Da Vià L, Işık M, Chodera JD, Mobley DL. Automated high throughput pK a and distribution coefficient measurements of pharmaceutical compounds for the SAMPL8 blind prediction challenge. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2021; 35:1141-1155. [PMID: 34714468 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-021-00427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the Statistical Assessment of the Modeling of Proteins and Ligands (SAMPL) challenge is to improve the accuracy of current computational models to estimate free energy of binding, deprotonation, distribution and other associated physical properties that are useful for the design of new pharmaceutical products. New experimental datasets of physicochemical properties provide opportunities for prospective evaluation of computational prediction methods. Here, aqueous pKa and a range of bi-phasic logD values for a variety of pharmaceutical compounds were determined through a streamlined automated process to be utilized in the SAMPL8 physical property challenge. The goal of this paper is to provide an in-depth review of the experimental methods utilized to create a comprehensive data set for the blind prediction challenge. The significance of this work involves the use of high throughput experimentation equipment and instrumentation to produce acid dissociation constants for twenty-three drug molecules, as well as distribution coefficients for eleven of those molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Bahr
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA.
| | - Aakankschit Nandkeolyar
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA.,Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - John K Kenna
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Neysa Nevins
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Luigi Da Vià
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Mehtap Işık
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - John D Chodera
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David L Mobley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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7
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Thakore SD, Akhtar J, Jain R, Paudel A, Bansal AK. Analytical and Computational Methods for the Determination of Drug-Polymer Solubility and Miscibility. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2835-2866. [PMID: 34041914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical industry, poorly water-soluble drugs require enabling technologies to increase apparent solubility in the biological environment. Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) has emerged as an attractive strategy that has been used to market more than 20 oral pharmaceutical products. The amorphous form is inherently unstable and exhibits phase separation and crystallization during shelf life storage. Polymers stabilize the amorphous drug by antiplasticization, reducing molecular mobility, reducing chemical potential of drug, and increasing glass transition temperature in ASD. Here, drug-polymer miscibility is an important contributor to the physical stability of ASDs. The current Review discusses the basics of drug-polymer interactions with the major focus on the methods for the evaluation of solubility and miscibility of the drug in the polymer. Methods for the evaluation of drug-polymer solubility and miscibility have been classified as thermal, spectroscopic, microscopic, solid-liquid equilibrium-based, rheological, and computational methods. Thermal methods have been commonly used to determine the solubility of the drug in the polymer, while other methods provide qualitative information about drug-polymer miscibility. Despite advancements, the majority of these methods are still inadequate to provide the value of drug-polymer miscibility at room temperature. There is still a need for methods that can accurately determine drug-polymer miscibility at pharmaceutically relevant temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth D Thakore
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Junia Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ranjna Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE) GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Arvind K Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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8
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Wang Y, Li H, Wang L, Han J, Yang Y, Fu T, Qiao H, Wang Z, Li J. Mucoadhesive nanocrystal-in-microspheres with high drug loading capacity for bioavailability enhancement of silybin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 198:111461. [PMID: 33246779 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystals, due to high drug loading efficiency, have drawn large attention as nanotechnology to enhance solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. However, most nanocrystals still encountered low oral absorption percentage due to its insufficient retention time in the gastrointestinal tract (GI). In this work, silybin (SB) as model drug was fabricated to nanocrystals, and further loaded into a mucoadhesive microsphere to increase the GI retention. Such mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared with a wet media milling technique followed by coagulation and film coating. Nanocrystals and microspheres were thoroughly characterized by diverse complementary techniques. As results, such delivery system displayed an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 100 % and a drug loading capacity of up to 35.41 ± 0.31 %. In addition, mucoadhesiveness test ex vivo conducted with rat intestine showed that film-coated microspheres were retained for more than 1 h. Benefiting from nanocrystals technology, the drug cumulative release percentage of the microspheres was remarkable improved compared to unprocessed one in vitro. Finally, pharmacokinetics studies in rats showed a significant 3-fold increase of drug oral bioavailability compared to unprocessed SB. The current study demonstrates that the developed delivery vehicle can enhance the bioavailability of SB by increasing its dissolution percentage as well as through extending retention time in the GI tract, and achieve high drug loading capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huaning Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Lingchong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiawei Han
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tingming Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongzhi Qiao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zengwu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Junsong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing 210023, China.
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9
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Bahr MN, Morris MA, Tu NP, Nandkeolyar A. Recent Advances in High-Throughput Automated Powder Dispensing Platforms for Pharmaceutical Applications. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N. Bahr
- GlaxoSmithKline, Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Mark A. Morris
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Noah P. Tu
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Aakankschit Nandkeolyar
- GlaxoSmithKline, Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
- Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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10
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Molecular Interactions in Solid Dispersions of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080745. [PMID: 32784790 PMCID: PMC7463741 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical characterization is a crucial step for the successful development of solid dispersions, including the determination of drug crystallinity and molecular interactions. Typically, the detection of molecular interactions will assist in the explanation of different drug performances (e.g., dissolution, solubility, stability) in solid dispersions. Various prominent reviews on solid dispersions have been reported recently. However, there is still no overview of recent techniques for evaluating the molecular interactions that occur within solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble drugs. In this review, we aim to overview common methods that have been used for solid dispersions to identify different bond formations and forces via the determination of interaction energy. In addition, a brief background on the important role of molecular interactions will also be described. The summary and discussion of methods used in the determination of molecular interactions will contribute to further developments in solid dispersions, especially for quick and potent drug delivery applications.
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11
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Sipos E, Csatári T, Kazsoki A, Gergely A, Bitay E, Szabó ZI, Zelkó R. Preparation and Characterization of Fenofibrate-Loaded PVP Electrospun Microfibrous Sheets. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E612. [PMID: 32629988 PMCID: PMC7407498 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenofibrate-loaded electrospun microfibrous sheets were prepared in an attempt to enhance the dissolution of the poorly soluble antihyperlipidemic agent and to improve its bioavailability. Physicochemical changes that appeared during the electrospinning process were monitored using a wide array of solid-state characterization techniques, including attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, while fiber morphology was monitored via scanning electron microscopy. Dissolution studies carried out both in 0.025 M sodium dodecyl sulfate and in water revealed an immediate release of the active agent, with an approximately 40-fold release rate enhancement in water when compared to the micronized active agent. The dramatic increase in dissolution was attributed partially to the amorphous form of the originally crystalline active agent and the rapid disintegration of the electrospun microfibrous sheet due to its high surface area and porosity. The obtained results could pave the way for a formulation of the frequently used antihyperlipidemic agent with increased bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Sipos
- Department of Drugs Industry and Pharmaceutical Management, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, Gh. Marinescu 38, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (E.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Tamás Csatári
- Department of Drugs Industry and Pharmaceutical Management, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, Gh. Marinescu 38, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (E.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Adrienn Kazsoki
- University Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy Administration, Semmelweis University, H-1092 Hőgyes Endre utca 7-9, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.K.); (R.Z.)
| | - Attila Gergely
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Corunca, 1C, 540485 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Enikő Bitay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Corunca, 1C, 540485 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Zoltán-István Szabó
- Department of Drugs Industry and Pharmaceutical Management, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, Gh. Marinescu 38, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (E.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Romána Zelkó
- University Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy Administration, Semmelweis University, H-1092 Hőgyes Endre utca 7-9, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.K.); (R.Z.)
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12
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Mendyk A, Pacławski A, Szafraniec-Szczęsny J, Antosik A, Jamróz W, Paluch M, Jachowicz R. Data-Driven Modeling of the Bicalutamide Dissolution from Powder Systems. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:111. [PMID: 32236750 PMCID: PMC7109170 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low solubility of active pharmaceutical compounds (APIs) remains an important challenge in dosage form development process. In the manuscript, empirical models were developed and analyzed in order to predict dissolution of bicalutamide (BCL) from solid dispersion with various carriers. BCL was chosen as an example of a poor water-soluble API. Two separate datasets were created: one from literature data and another based on in-house experimental data. Computational experiments were conducted using artificial intelligence tools based on machine learning (AI/ML) with a plethora of techniques including artificial neural networks, decision trees, rule-based systems, and evolutionary computations. The latter resulting in classical mathematical equations provided models characterized by the lowest prediction error. In-house data turned out to be more homogeneous, as well as formulations were more extensively characterized than literature-based data. Thus, in-house data resulted in better models than literature-based data set. Among the other covariates, the best model uses for prediction of BCL dissolution profile the transmittance from IR spectrum at 1260 cm-1 wavenumber. Ab initio modeling-based in silico simulations were conducted to reveal potential BCL-excipients interaction. All crucial variables were selected automatically by AI/ML tools and resulted in reasonably simple and yet predictive models suitable for application in Quality by Design (QbD) approaches. Presented data-driven model development using AI/ML could be useful in various problems in the field of pharmaceutical technology, resulting in both predictive and investigational tools revealing new knowledge.
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs by pharmaceutical cocrystal engineering techniques and select the best pharmaceutical forms with high solubility and solubilized formulations for progress from the early discovery stage toward the clinical stage. Several pharmaceutical cocrystals of TAK-020, a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, were newly discovered in the screening based on the solid grinding method and the slurry method, considering thermodynamic factors that dominate cocrystal formation. TAK-020/gentisic acid cocrystal (TAK-020/GA CC) was selected based on a physicochemical property of enhanced dissolution rate. TAK-020/GA CC was proven to be a reliable cocrystal formation with a definitive stoichiometric ratio by a variety of analytical techniques—pKa calculation, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and single X-ray structure analysis from the view of regulation. Furthermore, its absorption was remarkable and beyond those achieved in currently existing solubilized formulation techniques, such as nanocrystal, amorphous solid dispersion, and lipid-based formulation, in dog pharmacokinetic studies. TAK-020/GA CC was the best drug form, which might lead to good pharmacological effects with regard to enhanced absorption and development by physicochemical characterization. Through the trials of solid-state optimization from early drug discovery to pharmaceutical drug development, the cocrystals can be an effective option for achieving solubilization applicable in the pharmaceutical industry.
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14
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Ilie AR, Griffin BT, Kolakovic R, Vertzoni M, Kuentz M, Holm R. Supersaturated lipid-based drug delivery systems – exploring impact of lipid composition type and drug properties on supersaturability and physical stability. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:356-364. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1721526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Roxana Ilie
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Ruzica Kolakovic
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Martin Kuentz
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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15
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Preformulation Studies and Enabling Formulation Selection for an Insoluble Compound at Preclinical Stage-From In Vitro, In Silico to In Vivo. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:950-958. [PMID: 31647952 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to identify an enabling formulation for an insoluble compound ZL006 with potency of boosting leukocytes after chemotherapy. The low oral bioavailability (<1%) of its conventional suspension was the hurdle for the preclinical evaluation via oral administration. Preformulation studies including physical form screening and physicochemical properties determination were performed. Polymorphism was observed, and the more thermodynamically stable form was selected for further studies. ZL006 showed certain supersaturation solubility, although the thermodynamic solubility in FaSSIF was low, which indicated the supersaturating formulation might work. Parameter sensitivity analysis by in silico simulation predicted that in vivo exposure was sensitive to solubility, while particle size reduction would have limited impact on exposure. Based on in silico prediction and the understanding of the molecule from preformulation studies, solid dispersion approach was selected. A preliminary dose escalation pharmacokinetic study in rats demonstrated that in vivo exposure increased in dose-proportional manner from 12.5 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg with around 50% oral bioavailability after oral dosing of the solid dispersion. This work showed that combination of preformulation studies and in silico simulation could efficiently guide the selection of enabling formulation, which could save resources at preclinical stage.
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16
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Butt S, Hasan SMF, Hassan MM, Alkharfy KM, Neau SH. Directly compressed rosuvastatin calcium tablets that offer hydrotropic and micellar solubilization for improved dissolution rate and extent of drug release. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:619-628. [PMID: 31297015 PMCID: PMC6598454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to use caffeine and Soluplus® to improve the dissolution rate and to maintain a concentration of BCS Class II rosuvastatin calcium that exceeds its solubility. Caffeine and Soluplus® together substantially improved the dissolution rate and the extent of rosuvastatin release. Formulations for direct compression tablets included Formulation F1, a control with drug but with neither caffeine nor Soluplus® present; F2 with drug-caffeine complex; F3 with drug and Soluplus® and F4 with drug-caffeine complex and Soluplus®. Each formulation blend provided satisfactory flow properties. Tablets were comparable in mass, hardness and friability. A marked decrease in disintegration time occurred when the hydrotropic or micellar agent was included in the formulation. Assay (98–100%) and content uniformity (99–100%) results met requirements. Release studies in pH 1.2, 6.6, and 6.8 buffers revealed the superiority of F4. At 45 min sampling time, F3 and F4 tablets each provided a cumulative drug release greater than 70% in each medium. F2 tablets exhibited compliance to official standards in pH 6.6 and 6.8 buffers but not in pH 1.2 buffer, whereas tablets based on F1 failed in each medium. Two-factor ANOVA of the release data revealed a statistical difference across the four formulations in each release medium. Pairwise comparison of release profiles demonstrated that, of the four formulations, F4 provided the most effectively enhanced dissolution rate, improvement to the extent of drug release and support of a concentration higher than the solubility of rosuvastatin calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharonia Butt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Farid Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steven Henry Neau
- Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Rychter M, Milanowski B, Grześkowiak BF, Jarek M, Kempiński M, Coy EL, Borysiak S, Baranowska-Korczyc A, Lulek J. Cilostazol-loaded electrospun three-dimensional systems for potential cardiovascular application: Effect of fibers hydrophilization on drug release, and cytocompatibility. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 536:310-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Imidazo[1,2- a]quinoxalines Derivatives Grafted with Amino Acids: Synthesis and Evaluation on A375 Melanoma Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112987. [PMID: 30445763 PMCID: PMC6278480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Imiqualines (imidazoquinoxaline derivatives) are anticancer compounds with high cytotoxic activities on melanoma cell lines. The first generation of imiqualines, with two lead compounds (EAPB0203 and EAPB0503), shows remarkable in vitro (IC50 = 1 570 nM and IC50 = 200 nM, respectively, on the A375 melanoma cell line) and in vivo activity on melanoma xenografts. The second generation derivatives, EAPB02302 and EAPB02303, are more active, with IC50 = 60 nM and IC50 = 10 nM, respectively, on A375 melanoma cell line. The aim of this study was to optimize the bioavailability of imiqualine derivatives, without losing their intrinsic activity. For that, we achieved chemical modulation on the second generation of imiqualines by conjugating amino acids on position 4. A new series of twenty-five compounds was efficiently synthesized by using microwave assistance and tested for its activity on the A375 cell line. In the new series, compounds 11a, 9d and 11b show cytotoxic activities less than second generation compounds, but similar to that of the first generation ones (IC50 = 403 nM, IC50 = 128 nM and IC50 = 584 nM, respectively). The presence of an amino acid leads to significant enhancement of the water solubility for improved drugability.
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19
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Leane M, Pitt K, Reynolds GK, Dawson N, Ziegler I, Szepes A, Crean AM, Dall Agnol R, The Manufacturing Classification System McS Working Group. Manufacturing classification system in the real world: factors influencing manufacturing process choices for filed commercial oral solid dosage formulations, case studies from industry and considerations for continuous processing. Pharm Dev Technol 2018; 23:964-977. [PMID: 30320539 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1534863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Following the first Manufacturing Classification System (MCS) paper, the team conducted surveys to establish which active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) properties were important when selecting or modifying materials to enable an efficient and robust pharmaceutical manufacturing process. The most commonly identified factors were (1) API particle size: small particle sizes are known to increase risk of processing issues; (2) Drug loading in the formulation: high drug loadings allow less opportunity to mitigate poor API properties through the use of excipients. The next step was to establish linkages with process decisions by identifying publicly-available proxies for these important parameters: dose (in place of drug loading) and BCS class (in place of particle size). Poorly-soluble API were seen as more likely to have controlled (smaller) particle size than more highly soluble API. Analysis of 435 regulatory filings revealed that higher doses and more poorly-soluble API was associated with more complex processing routes. Replacing the proxy factors with the original parameters should give the opportunity to demonstrate stronger trends. This assumption was tested by accessing a dataset relating to commercial tablet products. This showed that, for dry processes, a larger particle size was associated with higher achievable drug loading as determined by percolation threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leane
- a Drug Product Science & Technology (DPST), Bristol-Myers Squibb , Moreton , UK
| | - Kendal Pitt
- b Global Manufacturing and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline , Ware , UK
| | | | - Neil Dawson
- d Global Research and Development, Pfizer , Sandwich , UK
| | - Iris Ziegler
- e Corden Pharma International GmbH , Plankstadt , Germany
| | - Aniko Szepes
- f Research and Development Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Abina M Crean
- g Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology Centre, School of Pharmacy , University College Cork - National University of Ireland , Cork , Ireland.,h Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, School of Pharmacy , University College Cork - National University of Ireland , Cork , Ireland
| | - Rafaela Dall Agnol
- i Curso de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde , Universidade de Caxias do Sul , Caxias do Sul , Brazil
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20
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Bahr MN, Damon DB, Yates SD, Chin AS, Christopher JD, Cromer S, Perrotto N, Quiroz J, Rosso V. Collaborative Evaluation of Commercially Available Automated Powder Dispensing Platforms for High-Throughput Experimentation in Pharmaceutical Applications. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N. Bahr
- GlaxoSmithKline, Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Platform Technology & Science, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - David B. Damon
- Pfizer Inc., Worldwide Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecule Chemical Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Simon D. Yates
- AstraZeneca, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Chemical Development, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander S. Chin
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Preformulation, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - J. David Christopher
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Research CMC Statistics, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Samuel Cromer
- GlaxoSmithKline, Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Platform Technology & Science, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
- Drexel University, College of Engineering, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nicholas Perrotto
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Process R&D, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jorge Quiroz
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Research CMC Statistics, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Victor Rosso
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Global Product Development & Supply, Chemical & Synthetic Development, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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21
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Chattoraj S, Daugherity P, McDermott T, Olsofsky A, Roth WJ, Tobyn M. Sticking and Picking in Pharmaceutical Tablet Compression: An IQ Consortium Review. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2267-2282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Fridgeirsdottir GA, Harris RJ, Dryden IL, Fischer PM, Roberts CJ. Multiple Linear Regression Modeling To Predict the Stability of Polymer–Drug Solid Dispersions: Comparison of the Effects of Polymers and Manufacturing Methods on Solid Dispersion Stability. Mol Pharm 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J. Harris
- Juniper Pharma Services Ltd, Nottingham Business Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian L. Dryden
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M. Fischer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Clive J. Roberts
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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23
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Malaquias LFB, Schulte HL, Chaker JA, Karan K, Durig T, Marreto RN, Gratieri T, Gelfuso GM, Cunha-Filho M. Hot Melt Extrudates Formulated Using Design Space: One Simple Process for Both Palatability and Dissolution Rate Improvement. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:286-296. [PMID: 28847477 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed at obtaining an optimized itraconazole (ITZ) solid oral formulation in terms of palatability and dissolution rate by combining different polymers using hot melt extrusion (HME), according to a simplex centroid mixture design. For this, the polymers Plasdone® (poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) [PVP/VA]), Klucel® ELF (2-hydroxypropyl ether cellulose [HPC]), and Soluplus® (SOL, polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol) were processed using a laboratory HME equipment operating without recirculation at constant temperature. Samples were characterized by physicochemical assays, as well as dissolution rate and palatability using an e-tongue. All materials became homogeneous and dense after HME processing. Thermal and structural analyses demonstrated drug amorphization, whereas IR spectroscopy evidenced drug stability and drug-excipient interactions in HME systems. Extrudates presented a significant increase in dissolution rate compared to ITZ raw material, mainly with formulations containing PVP/VA and HPC. A pronounced improvement in taste masking was also identified for HME systems, especially in those containing higher amounts of SOL and HPC. Data showed polymers act synergistically favoring formulation functional properties. Predicted best formulation should contain ITZ 25.0%, SOL 33.2%, HPC 28.9%, and PVP/VA 12.9% (w/w). Optimized response considering dissolution rate and palatability reinforces the benefit of polymer combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena F B Malaquias
- Laboratory of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Heidi L Schulte
- Laboratory of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Juliano A Chaker
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília (UnB), 72220-900 Ceilândia, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Kapish Karan
- Ashland Pharma and Nutrition, 500 Hercules Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19808
| | - Thomas Durig
- Ashland Pharma and Nutrition, 500 Hercules Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19808
| | - Ricardo N Marreto
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, 74 605-170 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Tais Gratieri
- Laboratory of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.
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24
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Roy N, Nazeem PA, Babu TD, Abida PS, Narayanankutty A, Valsalan R, Valsala PA, Raghavamenon AC. EGFR gene regulation in colorectal cancer cells by garlic phytocompounds with special emphasis on S-Allyl-L-Cysteine Sulfoxide. Interdiscip Sci 2017; 10:686-693. [PMID: 28349439 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-017-0227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one among the most common cancers in the world and a major cause of cancer related deaths. Similar to other cancers, colorectal carcinogenesis is often associated with over expression of genes related to cell growth and proliferation, especially Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). There is an increasing attention towards the plant derived compounds in prevention of colorectal carcinogenesis by downregulating EGFR. Among plants, garlic (Allium sativum L.) is emerging with anticancer properties by virtue of its organosulfur compounds. The present study was aimed to analyze the interaction ability of garlic compounds in the active region of EGFR gene by in silico molecular docking studies and in vitro validation. This was conducted using the Discovery studio software version 4.0. Among the tested compounds, s-allyl-l-cysteine-sulfoxide (SACS)/alliin showed higher affinity towards EGFR. Furthermore, wet lab analysis using cell viability test and EGFR expression analysis in colorectal cancer cells confirmed its efficacy as a potent anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarun Roy
- Distributed Information Centre, Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, 680656, Kerala, India.
| | - P A Nazeem
- Distributed Information Centre, Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, 680656, Kerala, India
| | - T D Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre (Recognized centre of University of Calicut), Amala Nagar, Thrissur, 680555, Kerala, India
| | - P S Abida
- Distributed Information Centre, Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, 680656, Kerala, India
| | - Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre (Recognized centre of University of Calicut), Amala Nagar, Thrissur, 680555, Kerala, India
| | - Ravisankar Valsalan
- Distributed Information Centre, Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, 680656, Kerala, India
| | - P A Valsala
- Distributed Information Centre, Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, 680656, Kerala, India
| | - Achuthan C Raghavamenon
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre (Recognized centre of University of Calicut), Amala Nagar, Thrissur, 680555, Kerala, India
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25
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Aungst BJ. Optimizing Oral Bioavailability in Drug Discovery: An Overview of Design and Testing Strategies and Formulation Options. J Pharm Sci 2016; 106:921-929. [PMID: 27986598 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For discovery teams working toward new, orally administered therapeutic agents, one requirement is to attain adequate systemic exposure after oral dosing, which is best accomplished when oral bioavailability is optimized. This report summarizes the bioavailability challenges currently faced in drug discovery, and the design and testing methods and strategies currently utilized to address the challenges. Profiling of discovery compounds usually includes separate assessments of solubility, permeability, and susceptibility to first-pass metabolism, which are the 3 most likely contributors to incomplete oral bioavailability. An initial assessment of absorption potential may be made computationally, and high throughput in vitro assays are typically performed to prioritize compounds for in vivo studies. The initial pharmacokinetic study is a critical decision point in compound evaluation, and the importance of the effect the dosing vehicle or formulation can have on oral bioavailability, especially for poorly water soluble compounds, is emphasized. Dosing vehicles and bioavailability-enabling formulations that can be used for discovery and preclinical studies are described. Optimizing oral bioavailability within a chemical series or for a lead compound requires identification of the barrier limiting bioavailability, and methods used for this purpose are outlined. Finally, a few key guidelines are offered for consideration when facing the challenges of optimizing oral bioavailability in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce J Aungst
- AUC Sciences, 50 East Periwinkle Lane, Newark, Delaware 19711.
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