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Pradhan A, Phillips B, Yang F, Karan K, Durig T, Haight B, Martin C, Zhang F. Optimizing twin-screw melt granulation: The role of overflight clearance on granulation behavior. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123900. [PMID: 38360288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Twin-screw melt granulation (TSMG) relies on the dispersive and distributive mixing at the kneading zone for granule growth to happen highlighting the critical role played by the kneading elements in TSMG. Despite extensive research conducted on the impact of screw geometry in melt compounding, there is not enough literature for TSMG. Disc width for the kneading elements was 2 mm, contrary to the standard 5 mm. The objective of this study was to evaluate if varying overflight clearance (OC) can alter the paradigm for TSMG. The new elements reduce the peak shear at kneading zone however a higher barrel temperature and degree of fill (DoF) is required to compensate to attain similar granule attributes. The change in DoF was achieved through a combination of modified screw configuration to pre-densify powders before kneading and processing at a lower screw speed. Despite the higher barrel temperature, process optimization of thermally unstable gabapentin was carried out. Using the new elements, compressible granules (Tensile strength > 2 MPa) with low % GABA-L content were manufactured despite increasing OC to 0.4 mm. Granule stability at 40 °C, ambient humidity for 6 months indicated gabapentin was stable (% GABA-L ≪0.4 %) despite a high barrel temperature of 120 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwait Pradhan
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Brian Phillips
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Kapish Karan
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Thomas Durig
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Brian Haight
- Leistritz Extrusion Technology, Somerville, NJ, United States
| | - Charlie Martin
- Leistritz Extrusion Technology, Somerville, NJ, United States
| | - Feng Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
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2
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Pradhan A, Costello M, Yang F, Bi V, Durig T, Zhang F. Using twin-screw melt granulation to co-process mannitol and hydroxypropylcellulose. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Sarabu S, Butreddy A, Bandari S, Batra A, Lawal K, Chen NN, Kogan M, Bi V, Durig T, Repka MA. Preliminary investigation of peroxide levels of Plasdone™ copovidones on the purity of atorvastatin calcium amorphous solid dispersions: Impact of plasticizers on hot melt extrusion processability. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Liu T, Kaur N, Chen B, Phillips B, Chang SY, Yang F, Bi V, Durig T, Zhang F. Physicochemical Changes and Chemical Degradation of Gliclazide during Twin-Screw Melt Granulation. Int J Pharm 2022; 619:121702. [PMID: 35341908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Using a miscible model formulation consisting of 80% gliclazide (GLZ) and 20% hydroxypropyl cellulose, we investigate how the twin-screw melt granulation process affects the chemical stability and process-induced physicochemical changes of the drug. No degradation was observed in the conveying section that leads to kneading element. Approximately 1/3 of the GLZ degradant was generated at the kneading section, while the remaining 2/3 was generated in the conveying section post-kneading and during cooling outside the barrel. A strong correlation was observed between the overall degradation and the temperature of the granules at the barrel exit. In the kneading section, the degradant content correlates best with the specific mechanical energy. With higher specific mechanical energies, the size of the GLZ crystals was reduced further, resulting in more surface defects. In the section post-kneading element, GLZ degradation correlates best with the granule temperature measured at the kneading section. This knowledge of drug degradation during twin-screw melt granulation can be used to develop processing strategies to maintain drug stability during and post processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzhou Liu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Navpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Beibei Chen
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Brian Phillips
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE
| | - Shao-Yu Chang
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE
| | - Vivian Bi
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE
| | - Thomas Durig
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE
| | - Feng Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
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5
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Zhang Q, Durig T, Blass B, Fassihi R. Development of an amorphous based sustained release system for apremilast a selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor. Int J Pharm 2022; 615:121516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Butreddy A, Sarabu S, Bandari S, Batra A, Lawal K, Chen NN, Bi V, Durig T, Repka MA. Influence of Plasdone ™ S630 Ultra-an Improved Copovidone on the Processability and Oxidative Degradation of Quetiapine Fumarate Amorphous Solid Dispersions Prepared via Hot-Melt Extrusion Technique. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:196. [PMID: 34184149 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a formulation, traces of peroxides in copovidone can impact the stability of drug substances that are prone to oxidation. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of peroxides in novel Plasdone™ S630 Ultra and compare it with regular Plasdone™ S630 on the oxidative degradation of quetiapine fumarate amorphous solid dispersions prepared via hot-melt extrusion technique. The miscibility of copovidones with drug was determined using the Hansen solubility parameter, and the results indicated a miscible drug-polymer system. Melt viscosity as a function of temperature was determined for the drug-polymer physical mixture to identify the suitable hot-melt extrusion processing temperature. The binary drug and polymer (30:70 weight ratio) amorphous solid dispersions were prepared at a processing temperature of 160°C. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies of amorphous solid dispersions revealed the formation of a single-phase amorphous system with intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the drug and polymer. The milled extrudates were compressed into tablets by using extragranular components and evaluated for tabletability. Stability studies of the milled extrudates and tablet formulations were performed to monitor the oxidative degradation impurity (N-oxide). The N-oxide impurity levels in the quetiapine fumarate - Plasdone™ S630 Ultra milled extrudates and tablet formulations were reduced by 2- and 3-folds, respectively, compared to those in quetiapine fumarate - Plasdone™ S630. The reduced oxidative degradation and improved hot-melt extrusion processability of Plasdone™ S630 Ultra make it a better choice for oxidation-labile drugs over Plasdone™ S630 copovidone.
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7
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Kittikunakorn N, Paul S, Koleng JJ, Liu T, Cook R, Yang F, Bi V, Durig T, Sun CC, Kumar A, Zhang F. How Does the Dissimilarity of Screw Geometry Impact Twin-screw Melt Granulation? Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 157:105645. [PMID: 33207275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using a model formulation of 80% gabapentin and 20% hydroxypropyl cellulose (KlucelTM), we investigate how differences in the geometry of mixing elements in the Leistritz Nano-16 and Micro-18 extruders affect granulation mechanisms and the properties of the resulting granules. Two extruders, Leistritz Nano-16 and Micro-18, commonly used in development and manufacturing, respectively, were used. The kneading blocks of the Nano-16 extruder are less efficient in dispersive mixing than the kneading blocks of the Micro-18 due to the thinner discs (2.5 mm wide) of the Nano-16. Therefore, our model formulation could be granulated only under a higher degree of fill (DF) by enhancing the axial compaction and heating of the barrel. In contrast, the thicker (5 mm wide) kneading blocks of the Micro-18 extruder provide efficient dispersive mixing that enables granulation without axial compaction and barrel heating. The higher specific mechanical energy (SME) achieved at higher screw speeds and lower feed rates led to more granulation. Because of the difference in granulation mechanisms between the two extruders, critical processing parameters also differed. Tabletability and degradant content of granules correlated positively with DF for the Nano-16 but with SME for the Micro-18 extruder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Kittikunakorn
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, the University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Shubhajit Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, 308 SE Harvard St, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - John J Koleng
- Division of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, the University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Tongzhou Liu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, the University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Rachel Cook
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE
| | - Vivian Bi
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE
| | - Thomas Durig
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, 308 SE Harvard St, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, the University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, A1920, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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8
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Wang H, Dumpa N, Bandari S, Durig T, Repka MA. Fabrication of Taste-Masked Donut-Shaped Tablets Via Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printing Paired with Hot-Melt Extrusion Techniques. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:243. [PMID: 32856144 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to develop taste-masked donut-shaped tablet formulations utilizing fused filament fabrication three-dimensional printing paired with hot-melt extrusion techniques. Caffeine citrate was used as the model drug for its bitter taste, and a 3-point bend test was performed to assess the printability of filaments. The stiffness constant was calculated to represent the printability by fitting the breaking distances and stress data into Hooke's law. The formulations without Eudragit E PO (F6) and with Eudragit E PO (F7) filaments exhibited the desired hardness with a "k" value of 48.30 ± 3.52 and 45.47 ± 3.51 g/mm3 (n = 10), respectively, and were successfully printed. The donut-shaped tablets were 3D printed with 10, 50, and 100% infill densities. In vitro dissolution studies were performed in simulated salivary fluid (pH 6.8, artificial saliva) to evaluate the taste-masking efficiency of the printed donuts. In the first minute, the concentrations of caffeine citrate observed in the dissolution media from all the printed donuts were less than the bitter threshold of caffeine citrate (0.25 mg/mL). Formulation F7, which contained Eudragit E PO copolymer, demonstrated better taste-masking efficiency than formulation F6. Furthermore, both formulations F6 and F7 demonstrated immediate drug release profiles in gastric medium (10% infill, > 80% release within 1 h). Taste-masked caffeine citrate formulations were successfully developed with donut shapes, which will enhance appeal in pediatric populations and increase compliance and patient acceptance of the dosage form.
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9
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Liu T, Paul S, Beeson BT, Alexander J, Yang F, Bi V, Durig T, Sun CC, Zhang F. Effect of Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Level on Twin-Screw Melt Granulation of Acetaminophen. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:240. [PMID: 32839891 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of binder level on the physicochemical changes and tabletability of acetaminophen (APAP)-hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) granulated using twin-screw melt granulation. Even at 5% HPC level, the tablet tensile strength achieved up to 3.5 MPa. A minimum of 10% HPC was required for the process robustness. However, 20% HPC led to tabletability loss, attributable to the high mechanical strength of APAP granules. The over-granulated APAP granules had thick connected HPC scaffold and low porosity. Consequently, these granules were so strong that they underwent a lower degree of fracture under compression and higher elastic recovery during decompression. HPC was enriched on the surface of APAP extrudates at all HPC levels. Amorphous APAP was also observed on the extrudate surface at 20% HPC level, and it recrystallized within 24 h storage. To achieve a robust process and optimal improvement in APAP tabletability, the preferred HPC level was 10 to 15%.
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10
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Sarabu S, Kallakunta VR, Bandari S, Batra A, Bi V, Durig T, Zhang F, Repka MA. Hypromellose acetate succinate based amorphous solid dispersions via hot melt extrusion: Effect of drug physicochemical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 233:115828. [PMID: 32059882 PMCID: PMC7082948 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of drug and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) grades physicochemical properties on extrusion process, dissolution and stability of the hot melt extruded amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of nifedipine and efavirenz was investigated. Incorporation of drugs affected the extrusion temperature required for solid dispersion preparation. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the amorphous conversion of the drugs in the prepared formulations. The amorphous nature of ASDs was unchanged after 3 months of stability testing at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity. The dissolution efficiency of the ASDs was dependent on the log P of the drug. The inhibitory effect of HPMCAS on drug precipitation was dependent on the hydrophobic interactions between drug and polymer, polymer grade, and dose of the drug. The dissolution efficiency and dissolution rate of the ASDs were dependent on the log P of the drug and solubility and hydrophilicity of the polymer grade respectively. The inhibitory effect of HPMCAS on drug precipitation was dependent on the hydrophobic interactions between drug and polymer, polymer grade, and the dissolution dose of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sarabu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi University, 38677, USA.
| | - Venkata Raman Kallakunta
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi University, 38677, USA.
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi University, 38677, USA.
| | - Amol Batra
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA.
| | - Vivian Bi
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA.
| | - Thomas Durig
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA.
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi University, 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Instruction, The University of Mississippi University 38677, USA.
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11
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Kallakunta VR, Sarabu S, Bandari S, Batra A, Bi V, Durig T, Repka MA. Stable amorphous solid dispersions of fenofibrate using hot melt extrusion technology: Effect of formulation and process parameters for a low glass transition temperature drug. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019; 58. [PMID: 32905375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Development of stable amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) for a low glass transition temperature (Tg) drug is a challenging task. The physico-chemical properties of the drug and excipients play a critical role in developing stable ASDs. In this study, ASDs of poorly soluble fenofibrate, a drug with a low Tg, were formulated using hydroxy propyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) via hot melt extrusion (HME). The feasible processing conditions were established at varying drug loads and processing temperatures. The prepared ASDs were characterized for crystallinity using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy was performed to study the potential interactions. DSC and PXRD studies confirmed the amorphous state of fenofibrate in the prepared ASDs. A discriminative in vitro dissolution method was established to study the impact of HPMCAS grades on dissolution profile. The dissolution parameters such as dissolution efficiency, initial dissolution rate and mean dissolution rate, suggested improved dissolution characteristics compared to pure fenofibrate. Accelerated stability studies at 40 °C/75% RH showed preservation of the amorphous nature of fenofibrate in formulations with 15% drug load and in vitro drug release studies indicated similar release profiles (f2 >50). This study provides an insight into the formulation and processing of ASDs for poorly soluble drugs with low Tg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandeep Sarabu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Amol Batra
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, 500 Hercules Rd, Wilmington, DE, 19808, USA
| | - Vivian Bi
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, 500 Hercules Rd, Wilmington, DE, 19808, USA
| | - Thomas Durig
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, 500 Hercules Rd, Wilmington, DE, 19808, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, 38677, USA.,Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Innovation & Instruction, University of Mississippi, 38677, USA
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12
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Almutairi M, Almutairy B, Sarabu S, Almotairy A, Ashour E, Bandari S, Batra A, Tewari D, Durig T, Repka MA. Processability of AquaSolve™ LG polymer by hot-melt extrusion: Effects of pressurized CO 2 on physicomechanical properties and API stability. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019; 52:165-176. [PMID: 31871490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the processability of AquaSolve™ hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate L grade (HPMCAS LG) via hot-melt extrusion and to examine the effect of pressurized carbon dioxide (P-CO2) on the physicomechanical properties of efavirenz (EFA)-loaded extrudates. To optimize the process parameters and formulations, various physical mixtures of EFA (30%, 40%, and 50%, w/w) and HPMCAS LG (70%, 60%, and 50%, w/w), respectively, were extruded using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with a standard screw configuration, with P-CO2 injected into zone 8 of the extruder. Thermal characterization of the extrudates was performed using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to study the morphology and porosity of the formulations. Notably, the macroscopic morphology changed to a foam-like structure by P-CO2 injection resulting in an increased specific surface area, porosity, and dissolution rate. Thus, HPMCAS LG extrusion, coupled with P-CO2 injection, yielded faster dissolving extrudates. Stability studies indicated that HPMCAS LG was able to physically and chemically stabilize the amorphous state of high-dose EFA. Furthermore, the milling efficiency of the extrudates produced with P-CO2 injection improved because of their increased porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashan Almutairi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Bjad Almutairy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Sandeep Sarabu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ahmed Almotairy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Eman Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Amol Batra
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| | - Divya Tewari
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| | - T Durig
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.,Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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13
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Malaquias LFB, Schulte HL, Chaker JA, Karan K, Durig T, Marreto RN, Gratieri T, Gelfuso GM, Cunha-Filho M. Hot Melt Extrudates Formulated Using Design Space: One Simple Process for Both Palatability and Dissolution Rate Improvement. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:286-296. [PMID: 28847477 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed at obtaining an optimized itraconazole (ITZ) solid oral formulation in terms of palatability and dissolution rate by combining different polymers using hot melt extrusion (HME), according to a simplex centroid mixture design. For this, the polymers Plasdone® (poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) [PVP/VA]), Klucel® ELF (2-hydroxypropyl ether cellulose [HPC]), and Soluplus® (SOL, polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol) were processed using a laboratory HME equipment operating without recirculation at constant temperature. Samples were characterized by physicochemical assays, as well as dissolution rate and palatability using an e-tongue. All materials became homogeneous and dense after HME processing. Thermal and structural analyses demonstrated drug amorphization, whereas IR spectroscopy evidenced drug stability and drug-excipient interactions in HME systems. Extrudates presented a significant increase in dissolution rate compared to ITZ raw material, mainly with formulations containing PVP/VA and HPC. A pronounced improvement in taste masking was also identified for HME systems, especially in those containing higher amounts of SOL and HPC. Data showed polymers act synergistically favoring formulation functional properties. Predicted best formulation should contain ITZ 25.0%, SOL 33.2%, HPC 28.9%, and PVP/VA 12.9% (w/w). Optimized response considering dissolution rate and palatability reinforces the benefit of polymer combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena F B Malaquias
- Laboratory of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Heidi L Schulte
- Laboratory of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Juliano A Chaker
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília (UnB), 72220-900 Ceilândia, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Kapish Karan
- Ashland Pharma and Nutrition, 500 Hercules Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19808
| | - Thomas Durig
- Ashland Pharma and Nutrition, 500 Hercules Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19808
| | - Ricardo N Marreto
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, 74 605-170 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Tais Gratieri
- Laboratory of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.
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14
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Alonso ECP, Riccomini K, Silva LAD, Galter D, Lima EM, Durig T, Taveira SF, Martins FT, Cunha-Filho MSS, Marreto RN. Development of carvedilol-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes using fluid-bed granulation: a novel solid-state complexation alternative with technological advantages. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 68:1299-309. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study sought to evaluate the achievement of carvedilol (CARV) inclusion complexes with modified cyclodextrins (HPβCD and HPγCD) using fluid-bed granulation (FB).
Methods
The solid complexes were produced using FB and spray drying (SD) and were characterised by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction, SEM, flowability and particle size analyses and in vitro dissolution.
Key findings
The DSC, FTIR and powder X-ray diffraction findings suggested successful CARV inclusion in the modified β- and γ-cyclodextrins, which was more evident in acidic media. The CARV dissolution rate was ~7-fold higher for complexes with both cyclodextrins prepared using SD than for raw CARV. Complexes prepared with HPβCD using FB also resulted in a significant improvement in dissolution rate (~5-fold) and presented superior flowability and larger particle size.
Conclusions
The findings suggested that FB is the best alternative for large-scale production of solid dosage forms containing CARV. Additionally, the results suggest that HPγCD could be considered as another option for CARV complexation because of its excellent performance in inclusion complex formation in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C P Alonso
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Karina Riccomini
- Pharmaceutical Application Laboratory, Ashland Specialty Ingredients, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Antônio D Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Daniela Galter
- Pharmaceutical Application Laboratory, Ashland Specialty Ingredients, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana M Lima
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Thomas Durig
- Pharmaceutical and Nutrition Specialties R&D, Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Stephania F Taveira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Marcílio S S Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ricardo N Marreto
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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A Ashour E, Kulkarni V, Almutairy B, Park JB, Shah SP, Majumdar S, Lian Z, Pinto E, Bi V, Durig T, Martin ST, Repka MA. Influence of pressurized carbon dioxide on ketoprofen-incorporated hot-melt extruded low molecular weight hydroxypropylcellulose. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:123-130. [PMID: 25997363 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1035282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the current research project was to investigate the effect of pressurized carbon dioxide (P-CO2) on the physico-mechanical properties of ketoprofen (KTP)-incorporated hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) (Klucel™ ELF, EF, and LF) produced using hot-melt extrusion (HME) techniques and to assess the plasticization effect of P-CO2 on the various polymers tested. METHODS The physico-mechanical properties of extrudates with and without injection of P-CO2 were examined and compared with extrudates with the addition of 5% liquid plasticizer of propylene glycol (PG). The extrudates were milled and compressed into tablets. Tablet characteristics of the extrudates with and without injection of P-CO2 were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION P-CO2 acted as a plasticizer for tested polymers, which allowed for the reduction in extrusion processing temperature. The microscopic morphology of the extrudates was changed to a foam-like structure due to the expansion of the CO2 at the extrusion die. The foamy extrudates demonstrated enhanced KTP release compared with the extrudates processed without P-CO2 due to the increase of porosity and surface area of those extrudates. Furthermore, the hardness of the tablets prepared by foamy extrudates was increased and the percent friability was decreased. Thus, the good binding properties and compressibility of the extrudates were positively influenced by utilizing P-CO2 processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Ashour
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery , School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA
| | - Vijay Kulkarni
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery , School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA
| | - Bjad Almutairy
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery , School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA
| | - Jun-Bom Park
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery , School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA
| | - Sejal P Shah
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery , School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA
| | - Soumyajit Majumdar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery , School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA.,d Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA
| | - Zhuoyang Lian
- b Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Global Pharma R&D , Wilmington , DE , USA
| | - Elanor Pinto
- b Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Global Pharma R&D , Wilmington , DE , USA
| | - Vivian Bi
- b Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Global Pharma R&D , Wilmington , DE , USA
| | - Thomas Durig
- b Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Global Pharma R&D , Wilmington , DE , USA
| | | | - Michael A Repka
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery , School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA.,d Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA
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16
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Pimparade MB, Morott JT, Park JB, Kulkarni VI, Majumdar S, Murthy SN, Lian Z, Pinto E, Bi V, Durig T, Murthy R, Shivakumar HN, Vanaja K, Kumar PC, Repka MA. Development of taste masked caffeine citrate formulations utilizing hot melt extrusion technology and in vitro-in vivo evaluations. Int J Pharm 2015; 487:167-76. [PMID: 25888797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop caffeine citrate orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) formulations utilizing hot-melt extrusion technology and evaluate the ability of the formulation composition to mask the unpleasant bitter taste of the drug using in vitro and in vivo methods. Ethylcellulose, along with a suitable plasticizer, was used as a polymeric carrier. Pore forming agents were incorporated into the extruded matrix to enhance drug release. A modified screw configuration was applied to improve the extrusion processability and to preserve the crystallinity of the API. The milled extrudates were subjected to dissolution testing in an artificial salivary fluid and investigations using e-tongue, to assess the extent of masking of bitter taste of the API. There was an insignificant amount of drug released from the formulation in the salivary medium while over 80% of drug released within 30 min in 0.1N HCl. ODTs were also developed with the extrudate mixed with mannitol and crospovidone. The quality properties such as friability and disintegration time of the ODTs met the USP specifications. The lead extrudate formulations and the ODTs prepared using this formulation were subjected to human gustatory evaluation. The formulations were found to mask the unpleasant taste of caffeine citrate significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet B Pimparade
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Joseph T Morott
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Jun-Bom Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sahm Yook University, Seoul 139-742, South Korea
| | - Vijay I Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Soumyajit Majumdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - S N Murthy
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Zhuoyang Lian
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Global Pharma R&D, Wilmington, USA
| | - Elanor Pinto
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Global Pharma R&D, Wilmington, USA
| | - Vivian Bi
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Global Pharma R&D, Wilmington, USA
| | - Thomas Durig
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Global Pharma R&D, Wilmington, USA
| | - Reena Murthy
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bangalore, India
| | - H N Shivakumar
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bangalore, India
| | - K Vanaja
- Visveswarapuram Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - P C Kumar
- Visveswarapuram Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
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17
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Morott JT, Pimparade M, Park JB, Worley CP, Majumdar S, Lian Z, Pinto E, Bi Y, Durig T, Repka MA. The effects of screw configuration and polymeric carriers on hot-melt extruded taste-masked formulations incorporated into orally disintegrating tablets. J Pharm Sci 2014; 104:124-34. [PMID: 25410968 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of this research was to produce successfully taste masked formulations of Sildenafil Citrate (SC) using hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology. Multiple screw configurations and polymeric carriers were evaluated for their effects on taste masking efficiency, which was assessed by both E-tongue analysis and in vitro dissolution in simulated salivary fluid (SSF, pH 6.8 artificial saliva). The screw configurations were further assessed for their effects on the morphology of the API using PXRD, FT-IR and mid-infrared chemical imaging. It was determined that the screw configuration had a profound effect on the taste masking efficiency of the formulations as a result of altering the physical state of the API. Selected extruded formulations using ethylcellulose (EC) with a pore former were further formulated into orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs), which were optimized by varying the grade and percentage of the superdisintegrant used. An optimized disintegration time of approximately 8 seconds was achieved. The final ODT formulation exhibited excellent taste masking properties with over 85% drug release in gastric media as well as physical tablet properties. Interestingly, friability, which tends to be a common concern when formulating ODTs, was well within the acceptable limits (<1%) for common tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Morott
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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18
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Mohammed NN, Majumdar S, Singh A, Deng W, Murthy NS, Pinto E, Tewari D, Durig T, Repka MA. Klucel™ EF and ELF polymers for immediate-release oral dosage forms prepared by melt extrusion technology. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:1158-69. [PMID: 22961411 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research work was to evaluate Klucel™ hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) EF and ELF polymers, for solubility enhancement as well as to address some of the disadvantages associated with solid dispersions. Ketoprofen (KPR), a Biopharmaceutics Classification System class II drug with poor solubility, was utilized as a model compound. Preliminary thermal studies were performed to confirm formation of a solid solution/dispersion of KPR in HPC matrix and also to establish processing conditions for hot-melt extrusion. Extrudates pelletized and filled into capsules exhibited a carrier-dependent release with ELF polymer exhibiting a faster release. Tablets compressed from milled extrudates exhibited rapid release owing to the increased surface area of the milled extrudate. Addition of mannitol (MNT) further enhanced the release by forming micro-pores and increasing the porosity of the extrudates. An optimized tablet formulation constituting KPR, MNT, and ELF in a 1:1:1 ratio exhibited 90% release in 15 min similar to a commercial capsule formulation. HPC polymers are non-ionic hydrophilic polymers that undergo polymer-chain-length-dependent solubilization and can be used to enhance solubility or dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. Dissolution/release rate could be tailored for rapid-release applications by selecting a suitable HPC polymer and altering the final dosage form. The release obtained from pellets was carrier-dependent and not drug-dependent, and hence, such a system can be effectively utilized to address solubility or precipitation issues with poorly soluble drugs in the gastrointestinal environment.
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Deng W, Majumdar S, Singh A, Shah S, Mohammed NN, Jo S, Pinto E, Tewari D, Durig T, Repka MA. Stabilization of fenofibrate in low molecular weight hydroxypropylcellulose matrices produced by hot-melt extrusion. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:290-8. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.679280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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