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Breuer M, Rummler M, Singh J, Maher S, Zaouter C, Jamadagni P, Pilon N, Willie BM, Patten SA. CHD7 regulates craniofacial cartilage development via controlling HTR2B expression. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:498-512. [PMID: 38477756 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 - coding gene (CHD7) cause CHARGE syndrome (CS). Although craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities are major features of CS patients, the role of CHD7 in bone and cartilage development remain largely unexplored. Here, using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) CS model, we show that chd7-/- larvae display abnormal craniofacial cartilage development and spinal deformities. The craniofacial and spine defects are accompanied by a marked reduction of bone mineralization. At the molecular level, we show that these phenotypes are associated with significant reduction in the expression levels of osteoblast differentiation markers. Additionally, we detected a marked depletion of collagen 2α1 in the cartilage of craniofacial regions and vertebrae, along with significantly reduced number of chondrocytes. Chondrogenesis defects are at least in part due to downregulation of htr2b, which we found to be also dysregulated in human cells derived from an individual with CHD7 mutation-positive CS. Overall, this study thus unveils an essential role for CHD7 in cartilage and bone development, with potential clinical relevance for the craniofacial defects associated with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Breuer
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Maximilian Rummler
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Jaskaran Singh
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Sabrina Maher
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal H4A 0A9, Canada
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Charlotte Zaouter
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Priyanka Jamadagni
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Départment des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Bettina M Willie
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Shunmoogum A Patten
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) - Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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2
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Stathopoulou A, Wang P, Thellier C, Kelly RG, Zheng D, Scambler PJ. CHARGE syndrome-associated CHD7 acts at ISL1-regulated enhancers to modulate second heart field gene expression. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2089-2105. [PMID: 37052590 PMCID: PMC10478754 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Haploinsufficiency of the chromo-domain protein CHD7 underlies most cases of CHARGE syndrome, a multisystem birth defect including congenital heart malformation. Context specific roles for CHD7 in various stem, progenitor, and differentiated cell lineages have been reported. Previously, we showed severe defects when Chd7 is absent from cardiopharyngeal mesoderm (CPM). Here, we investigate altered gene expression in the CPM and identify specific CHD7-bound target genes with known roles in the morphogenesis of affected structures. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated conditional KO of Chd7 in CPM and analysed cardiac progenitor cells using transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses, in vivo expression analysis, and bioinformatic comparisons with existing datasets. We show CHD7 is required for correct expression of several genes established as major players in cardiac development, especially within the second heart field (SHF). We identified CHD7 binding sites in cardiac progenitor cells and found strong association with histone marks suggestive of dynamically regulated enhancers during the mesodermal to cardiac progenitor transition of mESC differentiation. Moreover, CHD7 shares a subset of its target sites with ISL1, a pioneer transcription factor in the cardiogenic gene regulatory network, including one enhancer modulating Fgf10 expression in SHF progenitor cells vs. differentiating cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION We show that CHD7 interacts with ISL1, binds ISL1-regulated cardiac enhancers, and modulates gene expression across the mesodermal heart fields during cardiac morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Stathopoulou
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Peter J Scambler
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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3
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Trujillo JT, Long J, Aboelnour E, Ogas J, Wisecaver JH. CHD chromatin remodeling protein diversification yields novel clades and domains absent in classic model organisms. Genome Biol Evol 2022; 14:6582301. [PMID: 35524943 PMCID: PMC9113485 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodelers play a fundamental role in the assembly of chromatin, regulation of transcription, and DNA repair. Biochemical and functional characterizations of the CHD family of chromatin remodelers from a variety of model organisms have shown that these remodelers participate in a wide range of activities. However, because the evolutionary history of CHD homologs is unclear, it is difficult to predict which of these activities are broadly conserved and which have evolved more recently in individual eukaryotic lineages. Here, we performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of 8,042 CHD homologs from 1,894 species to create a model for the evolution of this family across eukaryotes with a particular focus on the timing of duplications that gave rise to the diverse copies observed in plants, animals, and fungi. Our analysis confirms that the three major subfamilies of CHD remodelers originated in the eukaryotic last common ancestor, and subsequent losses occurred independently in different lineages. Improved taxon sampling identified several subfamilies of CHD remodelers in plants that were absent or highly divergent in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Whereas the timing of CHD subfamily expansions in vertebrates corresponds to whole genome duplication events, the mechanisms underlying CHD diversification in land plants appear more complicated. Analysis of protein domains reveals that CHD remodeler diversification has been accompanied by distinct transitions in domain architecture, contributing to the functional differences observed between these remodelers. This study demonstrates the importance of proper taxon sampling when studying ancient evolutionary events to prevent misinterpretation of subsequent lineage-specific changes and provides an evolutionary framework for functional and comparative analysis of this critical chromatin remodeler family across eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Trujillo
- Center for Plant Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Jiaxin Long
- Center for Plant Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Erin Aboelnour
- Center for Plant Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.,Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joseph Ogas
- Center for Plant Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Jennifer H Wisecaver
- Center for Plant Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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4
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Jamadagni P, Breuer M, Schmeisser K, Cardinal T, Kassa B, Parker JA, Pilon N, Samarut E, Patten SA. Chromatin remodeller CHD7 is required for GABAergic neuron development by promoting PAQR3 expression. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50958. [PMID: 33900016 PMCID: PMC8183419 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the chromatin remodeller‐coding gene CHD7 cause CHARGE syndrome (CS). CS features include moderate to severe neurological and behavioural problems, clinically characterized by intellectual disability, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. To investigate the poorly characterized neurobiological role of CHD7, we here generate a zebrafish chd7−/− model. chd7−/− mutants have less GABAergic neurons and exhibit a hyperactivity behavioural phenotype. The GABAergic neuron defect is at least in part due to downregulation of the CHD7 direct target gene paqr3b, and subsequent upregulation of MAPK/ERK signalling, which is also dysregulated in CHD7 mutant human cells. Through a phenotype‐based screen in chd7−/− zebrafish and Caenorhabditis elegans, we show that the small molecule ephedrine restores normal levels of MAPK/ERK signalling and improves both GABAergic defects and behavioural anomalies. We conclude that chd7 promotes paqr3b expression and that this is required for normal GABAergic network development. This work provides insight into the neuropathogenesis associated with CHD7 deficiency and identifies a promising compound for further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximilian Breuer
- INRS- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Kathrin Schmeisser
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tatiana Cardinal
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Betelhem Kassa
- INRS- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - J Alex Parker
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Modelis inc., Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Samarut
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Modelis inc., Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Shunmoogum A Patten
- INRS- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada.,Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
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5
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Lettieri A, Oleari R, Paganoni AJJ, Gervasini C, Massa V, Fantin A, Cariboni A. Semaphorin Regulation by the Chromatin Remodeler CHD7: An Emerging Genetic Interaction Shaping Neural Cells and Neural Crest in Development and Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:638674. [PMID: 33869187 PMCID: PMC8047133 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.638674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CHD7 is a chromatin remodeler protein that controls gene expression via the formation of multi-protein complexes with specific transcription factors. During development, CHD7 controls several differentiation programs, mainly by acting on neural progenitors and neural crest (NC) cells. Thus, its roles range from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system and the organs colonized by NC cells, including the heart. Accordingly, mutated CHD7 is linked to CHARGE syndrome, which is characterized by several neuronal dysfunctions and by malformations of NC-derived/populated organs. Altered CHD7 has also been associated with different neoplastic transformations. Interestingly, recent evidence revealed that semaphorins, a class of molecules involved in developmental and pathological processes similar to those controlled by CHD7, are regulated by CHD7 in a context-specific manner. In this article, we will review the recent insights that support the existence of genetic interactions between these pathways, both during developmental processes and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lettieri
- CRC Aldo Ravelli for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Oleari
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alyssa J J Paganoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- CRC Aldo Ravelli for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Massa
- CRC Aldo Ravelli for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fantin
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Cariboni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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6
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Abstract
Cardiac neural crest (CNC) cells are pluripotent cells derived from the dorsal neural tube that migrate and contribute to the remodeling of pharyngeal arch arteries and septation of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT). Numerous molecular cascades regulate the induction, specification, delamination, and migration of the CNC. Extensive analyses of the CNC ranging from chick ablation models to molecular biology studies have explored the mechanisms of heart development and disease, particularly involving the OFT and aortic arch (AA) system. Recent studies focus more on reciprocal signaling between the CNC and cells originated from the second heart field (SHF), which are essential for the development of the OFT myocardium, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying congenital heart diseases (CHDs) and some human syndromes.
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7
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Watanabe Y, Seya D, Ihara D, Ishii S, Uemoto T, Kubo A, Arai Y, Isomoto Y, Nakano A, Abe T, Shigeta M, Kawamura T, Saito Y, Ogura T, Nakagawa O. Importance of endothelial Hey1 expression for thoracic great vessel development and its distal enhancer for Notch-dependent endothelial transcription. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17632-17645. [PMID: 33454003 PMCID: PMC7762959 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic great vessels such as the aorta and subclavian arteries are formed through dynamic remodeling of embryonic pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs). Previous work has shown that loss of a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Hey1 in mice causes abnormal fourth PAA development and lethal great vessel anomalies resembling congenital malformations in humans. However, how Hey1 mediates vascular formation remains unclear. In this study, we revealed that Hey1 in vascular endothelial cells, but not in smooth muscle cells, played essential roles for PAA development and great vessel morphogenesis in mouse embryos. Tek-Cre-mediated Hey1 deletion in endothelial cells affected endothelial tube formation and smooth muscle differentiation in embryonic fourth PAAs and resulted in interruption of the aortic arch and other great vessel malformations. Cell specificity and signal responsiveness of Hey1 expression were controlled through multiple cis-regulatory regions. We found two distal genomic regions that had enhancer activity in endothelial cells and in the pharyngeal epithelium and somites, respectively. The novel endothelial enhancer was conserved across species and was specific to large-caliber arteries. Its transcriptional activity was regulated by Notch signaling in vitro and in vivo, but not by ALK1 signaling and other transcription factors implicated in endothelial cell specificity. The distal endothelial enhancer was not essential for basal Hey1 expression in mouse embryos but may likely serve for Notch-dependent transcriptional control in endothelial cells together with the proximal regulatory region. These findings help in understanding the significance and regulation of endothelial Hey1 as a mediator of multiple signaling pathways in embryonic vascular formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
| | - Daiki Seya
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dai Ihara
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shuhei Ishii
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Taiki Uemoto
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kubo
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuji Arai
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Experiment and Medical Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshie Isomoto
- Laboratory of Animal Experiment and Medical Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Laboratory of Animal Experiment and Medical Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mayo Shigeta
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Kawamura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ogura
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
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8
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CHD7 regulates cardiovascular development through ATP-dependent and -independent activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28847-28858. [PMID: 33127760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005222117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CHD7 encodes an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factor. Mutation of this gene causes multiple developmental disorders, including CHARGE (Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retardation of growth/development, Genital abnormalities, and Ear anomalies) syndrome, in which conotruncal anomalies are the most prevalent form of heart defects. How CHD7 regulates conotruncal development remains unclear. In this study, we establish that deletion of Chd7 in neural crest cells (NCCs) causes severe conotruncal defects and perinatal lethality, thus providing mouse genetic evidence demonstrating that CHD7 cell-autonomously regulates cardiac NCC development, thereby clarifying a long-standing controversy in the literature. Using transcriptomic analyses, we show that CHD7 fine-tunes the expression of a gene network that is critical for cardiac NCC development. To gain further molecular insights into gene regulation by CHD7, we performed a protein-protein interaction screen by incubating recombinant CHD7 on a protein array. We find that CHD7 directly interacts with several developmental disorder-mutated proteins including WDR5, a core component of H3K4 methyltransferase complexes. This direct interaction suggested that CHD7 may recruit histone-modifying enzymes to target loci independently of its remodeling functions. We therefore generated a mouse model that harbors an ATPase-deficient allele and demonstrates that mutant CHD7 retains the ability to recruit H3K4 methyltransferase activity to its targets. Thus, our data uncover that CHD7 regulates cardiovascular development through ATP-dependent and -independent activities, shedding light on the etiology of CHD7-related congenital disorders. Importantly, our data also imply that patients carrying a premature stop codon versus missense mutations will likely display different molecular alterations; these patients might therefore require personalized therapeutic interventions.
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9
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ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling Complex in the Lineage Specification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8839703. [PMID: 32963551 PMCID: PMC7499328 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8839703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) present in multiple tissues can self-renew and differentiate into multiple lineages including the bone, cartilage, muscle, cardiac tissue, and connective tissue. Key events, including cell proliferation, lineage commitment, and MSC differentiation, are ensured by precise gene expression regulation. ATP-dependent chromatin alteration is one form of epigenetic modifications that can regulate the transcriptional level of specific genes by utilizing the energy from ATP hydrolysis to reorganize chromatin structure. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes consist of a variety of subunits that together perform multiple functions in self-renewal and lineage specification. This review highlights the important role of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes and their different subunits in modulating MSC fate determination and discusses the proposed mechanisms by which ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers function.
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10
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Yoon KH, Fox SC, Dicipulo R, Lehmann OJ, Waskiewicz AJ. Ocular coloboma: Genetic variants reveal a dynamic model of eye development. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:590-610. [PMID: 32852110 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ocular coloboma is a congenital disorder of the eye where a gap exists in the inferior retina, lens, iris, or optic nerve tissue. With a prevalence of 2-19 per 100,000 live births, coloboma, and microphthalmia, an associated ocular disorder, represent up to 10% of childhood blindness. It manifests due to the failure of choroid fissure closure during eye development, and it is a part of a spectrum of ocular disorders that include microphthalmia and anophthalmia. Use of genetic approaches from classical pedigree analyses to next generation sequencing has identified more than 40 loci that are associated with the causality of ocular coloboma. As we have expanded studies to include singleton cases, hereditability has been very challenging to prove. As such, researchers over the past 20 years, have unraveled the complex interrelationship amongst these 40 genes using vertebrate model organisms. Such research has greatly increased our understanding of eye development. These genes function to regulate initial specification of the eye field, migration of retinal precursors, patterning of the retina, neural crest cell biology, and activity of head mesoderm. This review will discuss the discovery of loci using patient data, their investigations in animal models, and the recent advances stemming from animal models that shed new light in patient diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women & Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sabrina C Fox
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women & Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Renée Dicipulo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women & Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ordan J Lehmann
- Women & Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew J Waskiewicz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women & Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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11
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Cardiac Neural Crest Cells: Their Rhombomeric Specification, Migration, and Association with Heart and Great Vessel Anomalies. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:403-429. [PMID: 32405705 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Outflow tract abnormalities are the most frequent congenital heart defects. These are due to the absence or dysfunction of the two main cell types, i.e., neural crest cells and secondary heart field cells that migrate in opposite directions at the same stage of development. These cells directly govern aortic arch patterning and development, ascending aorta dilatation, semi-valvular and coronary artery development, aortopulmonary septation abnormalities, persistence of the ductus arteriosus, trunk and proximal pulmonary arteries, sub-valvular conal ventricular septal/rotational defects, and non-compaction of the left ventricle. In some cases, depending on the functional defects of these cells, additional malformations are found in the expected spatial migratory area of the cells, namely in the pharyngeal arch derivatives and cervico-facial structures. Associated non-cardiovascular anomalies are often underestimated, since the multipotency and functional alteration of these cells can result in the modification of multiple neural, epidermal, and cervical structures at different levels. In most cases, patients do not display the full phenotype of abnormalities, but congenital cardiac defects involving the ventricular outflow tract, ascending aorta, aortic arch and supra-aortic trunks should be considered as markers for possible impaired function of these cells. Neural crest cells should not be considered as a unique cell population but on the basis of their cervical rhombomere origins R3-R5 or R6-R7-R8 and specific migration patterns: R3-R4 towards arch II, R5-R6 arch III and R7-R8 arch IV and VI. A better understanding of their development may lead to the discovery of unknown associated abnormalities, thereby enabling potential improvements to be made to the therapeutic approach.
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12
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Meisner JK, Martin DM. Congenital heart defects in CHARGE: The molecular role of CHD7 and effects on cardiac phenotype and clinical outcomes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 184:81-89. [PMID: 31833191 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is characterized by a pattern of congenital anomalies (Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retardation of growth, Genital abnormalities, and Ear abnormalities). De novo mutations of chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7) are the primary cause of CHARGE syndrome. The clinical phenotype is highly variable including a wide spectrum of congenital heart defects. Here, we review the range of congenital heart defects and the molecular effects of CHD7 on cardiovascular development that lead to an over-representation of atrioventricular septal, conotruncal, and aortic arch defects in CHARGE syndrome. Further, we review the overlap of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular comorbidities present in CHARGE and their impact on the peri-operative morbidity and mortality in individuals with CHARGE syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Meisner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Donna M Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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13
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Liu ZZ, Guo J, Lu Y, Liu W, Fu X, Yao T, Zhou Y, Xu HA. Sema3E is required for migration of cranial neural crest cells in zebrafish: Implications for the pathogenesis of CHARGE syndrome. Int J Exp Pathol 2019; 100:234-243. [PMID: 31464029 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is a congenital disorder with multiple malformations in the craniofacial structures, and cardiovascular and genital systems, which are mainly affected by neural crest defects caused by loss-of-function mutations within chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7). However, many patients with CHARGE syndrome test negative for CHD7. Semaphorin 3E (sema3E) is a gene reported to be mutated in patients with CHARGE syndrome. However, its role in the pathogenesis of CHARGE syndrome has not been verified experimentally. Here, we report that the knockdown of sema3E results in severe craniofacial malformations, including small eyes, defective cartilage and an abnormal number of otoliths in zebrafish embryos, which resemble the major features of CHARGE syndrome. Further analysis reveals that the migratory cranial neural crest cells are scattered in the region of the hindbrain, and the postmigratory neural crest cells are reduced in the pharyngeal arches upon sema3E knockdown. Notably, immunostaining and time-lapse imaging analyses of a neural crest cell-labelled transgenic fish line, sox10:EGFP, show that the migration of cranial neural crest cells is severely impaired, and many of these cells are misrouted upon sema3E knockdown. Furthermore, the sox10-expressing cranial neural crest cells are scattered in chd7 homozygous mutants, which phenocopied the phenotype in sema3E morphants. Overexpression of sema3E rescues the phenotype of scattered cranial neural crest cells in chd7 homozygotes, indicating that chd7 may control the expression of sema3E to regulate cranial neural crest cell migration. Collectively, our data demonstrate that sema3E is involved in the pathogenesis of CHARGE syndrome by modulating cranial neural crest cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zhi Liu
- Lab of Neural Development and Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Children's Hospital of Jiang Xi, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Lab of Neural Development and Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Fu
- Lab of Neural Development and Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tianbing Yao
- Lab of Neural Development and Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Lab of Neural Development and Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong A Xu
- Lab of Neural Development and Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular, Digestive and Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanchang, China
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14
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Moore-Morris T, van Vliet PP, Andelfinger G, Puceat M. Role of Epigenetics in Cardiac Development and Congenital Diseases. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:2453-2475. [PMID: 30156497 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00048.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart is the first organ to be functional in the fetus. Heart formation is a complex morphogenetic process regulated by both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most prominent congenital diseases. Genetics is not sufficient to explain these diseases or the impact of them on patients. Epigenetics is more and more emerging as a basis for cardiac malformations. This review brings the essential knowledge on cardiac biology of development. It further provides a broad background on epigenetics with a focus on three-dimensional conformation of chromatin. Then, we summarize the current knowledge of the impact of epigenetics on cardiac cell fate decision. We further provide an update on the epigenetic anomalies in the genesis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Moore-Morris
- Université Aix-Marseille, INSERM UMR- 1251, Marseille , France ; Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; and Laboratoire International Associé INSERM, Marseille France-CHU Ste Justine, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Piet van Vliet
- Université Aix-Marseille, INSERM UMR- 1251, Marseille , France ; Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; and Laboratoire International Associé INSERM, Marseille France-CHU Ste Justine, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Université Aix-Marseille, INSERM UMR- 1251, Marseille , France ; Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; and Laboratoire International Associé INSERM, Marseille France-CHU Ste Justine, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Puceat
- Université Aix-Marseille, INSERM UMR- 1251, Marseille , France ; Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; and Laboratoire International Associé INSERM, Marseille France-CHU Ste Justine, Quebec, Canada
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15
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Ontiveros ES, Ueda Y, Harris SP, Stern JA. Precision medicine validation: identifying the MYBPC3 A31P variant with whole-genome sequencing in two Maine Coon cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Feline Med Surg 2018; 21:1086-1093. [PMID: 30558461 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18816460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to perform a proof-of-concept experiment that validates a precision medicine approach to identify variants associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We hypothesized that whole-genome sequencing would identify variant(s) associated with HCM in two affected Maine Coon/Maine Coon cross cats when compared with 79 controls of various breeds. METHODS Two affected and two control Maine Coon/Maine Coon cross cats had whole-genome sequencing performed at approximately × 30 coverage. Variants were called in these four cats and 77 cats of various breeds as part of the 99 Lives Cat Genome Sequencing Initiative ( http://felinegenetics.missouri.edu/99lives ) using Platypus v0.7.9.1, annotated with dbSNP ID, and variants' effect predicted by SnpEff. Strict filtering criteria (alternate allele frequency >49%) were applied to identify homozygous-alternate or heterozygous variants in the two HCM-affected samples when compared with 79 controls of various breeds. RESULTS A total of four variants were identified in the two Maine Coon/Maine Coon cross cats with HCM when compared with 79 controls after strict filtering. Three of the variants identified in genes MFSD12, BTN1A1 and SLITRK5 did not segregate with disease in a separate cohort of seven HCM-affected and five control Maine Coon/Maine Coon cross cats. The remaining variant MYBPC3 segregated with disease status. Furthermore, this gene was previously associated with heart disease and encodes for a protein with sarcomeric function. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This proof-of-concept experiment identified the previously reported MYBPC3 A31P Maine Coon variant in two HCM-affected cases. This result validates and highlights the power of whole-genome sequencing for feline precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Ontiveros
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yu Ueda
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Samantha P Harris
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua A Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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16
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Neurocristopathies: New insights 150 years after the neural crest discovery. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S110-S143. [PMID: 29802835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a transient, multipotent and migratory cell population that generates an astonishingly diverse array of cell types during vertebrate development. These cells, which originate from the ectoderm in a region lateral to the neural plate in the neural fold, give rise to neurons, glia, melanocytes, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, odontoblasts and neuroendocrine cells, among others. Neurocristopathies (NCP) are a class of pathologies occurring in vertebrates, especially in humans that result from the abnormal specification, migration, differentiation or death of neural crest cells during embryonic development. Various pigment, skin, thyroid and hearing disorders, craniofacial and heart abnormalities, malfunctions of the digestive tract and tumors can also be considered as neurocristopathies. In this review we revisit the current classification and propose a new way to classify NCP based on the embryonic origin of the affected tissues, on recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms that drive NC formation, and on the increased complexity of current molecular embryology techniques.
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17
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Zhao J, Mommersteeg MTM. Slit-Robo signalling in heart development. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:794-804. [PMID: 29538649 PMCID: PMC5909645 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Slit ligands and their Robo receptors are well-known for their roles during axon guidance in the central nervous system but are still relatively unknown in the cardiac field. However, data from different animal models suggest a broad involvement of the pathway in many aspects of heart development, from cardiac cell migration and alignment, lumen formation, chamber formation, to the formation of the ventricular septum, semilunar and atrioventricular valves, caval veins, and pericardium. Absence of one or more of the genes in the pathway results in defects ranging from bicuspid aortic valves to ventricular septal defects and abnormal venous connections to the heart. Congenital heart defects are the most common congenital malformations found in life new-born babies and progress in methods for large scale human genetic testing has significantly enhanced the identification of new causative genes involved in human congenital heart disease. Recently, loss of function variants in ROBO1 have also been linked to ventricular septal defects and tetralogy of Fallot in patients. Here, we will give an overview of the role of the Slit-Robo signalling pathway in Drosophila, zebrafish, and mouse heart development. The extent of these data warrant further attention on the SLIT-ROBO signalling pathway as a candidate for an array of human congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhao
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Mathilda T M Mommersteeg
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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18
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Ufartes R, Schwenty-Lara J, Freese L, Neuhofer C, Möller J, Wehner P, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Wong MTY, Schanze I, Tzschach A, Bartsch O, Borchers A, Pauli S. Sema3a plays a role in the pathogenesis of CHARGE syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:1343-1352. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roser Ufartes
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Janina Schwenty-Lara
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Freese
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Neuhofer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Janika Möller
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Wehner
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, Georg August University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Conny M A van Ravenswaaij-Arts
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monica T Y Wong
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ina Schanze
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Tzschach
- TU Dresden, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Institute for Clinical Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Bartsch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, University Medical Centre, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Annette Borchers
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Silke Pauli
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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19
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Corsten-Janssen N, Scambler PJ. Clinical and molecular effects of CHD7 in the heart. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 175:487-495. [PMID: 29088513 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heart defects caused by loss-of-function mutations in CHD7 are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in CHARGE syndrome. Here we review the clinical and molecular aspects of CHD7 that are related to the cardiovascular manifestations of the syndrome. The types of heart defects found in patients with CHD7 mutations are variable, with an overrepresentation of atrioventricular septal defect and outflow tract defect including aortic arch anomalies compared to nonsyndromic heart defects. Chd7 haploinsufficiency in mouse is a good model for studying the heart effects seen in CHARGE syndrome, and mouse models reveal a role for Chd7 in multiple lineages during heart development. Formation of the great vessels requires Chd7 expression in the pharyngeal surface ectoderm, and this expression likely has an non-autonomous effect on neural crest cells. In the cardiogenic mesoderm, Chd7 is required for atrioventricular cushion development and septation of the outflow tract. Emerging knowledge about the function of CHD7 in the heart indicates that it may act in concert with transcription factors such as TBX1 and SMADs to regulate genes such as p53 and the cardiac transcription factor NKX2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Corsten-Janssen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Scambler
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Section Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, London, UK
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20
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Pauli S, Bajpai R, Borchers A. CHARGEd with neural crest defects. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 175:478-486. [PMID: 29082625 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest cells are highly migratory pluripotent cells that give rise to diverse derivatives including cartilage, bone, smooth muscle, pigment, and endocrine cells as well as neurons and glia. Abnormalities in neural crest-derived tissues contribute to the etiology of CHARGE syndrome, a complex malformation disorder that encompasses clinical symptoms like coloboma, heart defects, atresia of the choanae, retarded growth and development, genital hypoplasia, ear anomalies, and deafness. Mutations in the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) gene are causative of CHARGE syndrome and loss-of-function data in different model systems have firmly established a role of CHD7 in neural crest development. Here, we will summarize our current understanding of the function of CHD7 in neural crest development and discuss possible links of CHARGE syndrome to other developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Pauli
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ruchi Bajpai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Annette Borchers
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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21
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Hota SK, Bruneau BG. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling during mammalian development. Development 2017; 143:2882-97. [PMID: 27531948 DOI: 10.1242/dev.128892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Precise gene expression ensures proper stem and progenitor cell differentiation, lineage commitment and organogenesis during mammalian development. ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes utilize the energy from ATP hydrolysis to reorganize chromatin and, hence, regulate gene expression. These complexes contain diverse subunits that together provide a multitude of functions, from early embryogenesis through cell differentiation and development into various adult tissues. Here, we review the functions of chromatin remodelers and their different subunits during mammalian development. We discuss the mechanisms by which chromatin remodelers function and highlight their specificities during mammalian cell differentiation and organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetansu K Hota
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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22
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de la Cuesta F, Baldan-Martin M, Moreno-Luna R, Alvarez-Llamas G, Gonzalez-Calero L, Mourino-Alvarez L, Sastre-Oliva T, López JA, Vázquez J, Ruiz-Hurtado G, Segura J, Vivanco F, Ruilope LM, Barderas MG. Kalirin and CHD7: novel endothelial dysfunction indicators in circulating extracellular vesicles from hypertensive patients with albuminuria. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15553-15562. [PMID: 28152519 PMCID: PMC5362505 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite of the great advances in anti-hypertensive therapies, many patients under Renin-Angiotensin- System (RAS) suppression develop albuminuria, which is a clear indicator of therapeutic inefficiency. Hence, indicators of vascular function are needed to assess patients’ condition and help deciding future therapies. Proteomic analysis of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) showed two proteins, kalirin and chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7), increased in albuminuric patients. A positive correlation of both with the expression of the endothelial activation marker E-selectin was found in EVs. In vitro analysis using TNFα-treated adult human endothelial cells proved their involvement in endothelial cell activation. Hence, we propose protein levels of kalirin and CHD7 in circulating EVs as novel endothelial dysfunction markers to monitor vascular condition in hypertensive patients with albuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de la Cuesta
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain.,Current address: Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Montserrat Baldan-Martin
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno-Luna
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | | | | | - Laura Mourino-Alvarez
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Tamara Sastre-Oliva
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | | | | | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Unidad de Hipertension, Instituto de Investigacion i + 12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julian Segura
- Unidad de Hipertension, Instituto de Investigacion i + 12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Vivanco
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Ruilope
- Unidad de Hipertension, Instituto de Investigacion i + 12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria G Barderas
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (HNP), SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
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Liu Y. Earlier and broader roles of Mesp1 in cardiovascular development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1969-1983. [PMID: 28050627 PMCID: PMC11107530 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesoderm posterior 1 is one of earliest markers of the nascent mesoderm. Its best-known function is driving the onset of the cardiovascular system. In the past decade, new evidence supports that Mesp1 acts earlier with greater breadth in cell fate decisions, and through cell-autonomous and cell non-autonomous mechanisms. This review summarizes these new aspects, with an emphasis on the upstream and downstream regulation around Mesp1 and how they may guide cell fate reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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24
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Manning BJ, Yusufzai T. The ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes CHD6, CHD7, and CHD8 exhibit distinct nucleosome binding and remodeling activities. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11927-11936. [PMID: 28533432 PMCID: PMC5512084 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.779470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper chromatin regulation is central to genome function and maintenance. The group III chromodomain–helicase–DNA-binding (CHD) family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes, comprising CHD6, CHD7, CHD8, and CHD9, has well-documented roles in transcription regulation, impacting both organism development and disease etiology. These four enzymes are similar in their constituent domains, but they fill surprisingly non-redundant roles in the cell, with deficiencies in individual enzymes leading to dissimilar disease states such as CHARGE syndrome or autism spectrum disorders. The mechanisms explaining their divergent, non-overlapping functions are unclear. In this study, we performed an in-depth biochemical analysis of purified CHD6, CHD7, and CHD8 and discovered distinct differences in chromatin remodeling specificities and activities among them. We report that CHD6 and CHD7 both bind with high affinity to short linker DNA, whereas CHD8 requires longer DNA for binding. As a result, CHD8 slides nucleosomes into positions with more flanking linker DNA than CHD7. Moreover, we found that, although CHD7 and CHD8 slide nucleosomes, CHD6 disrupts nucleosomes in a distinct non-sliding manner. The different activities of these enzymes likely lead to differences in chromatin structure and, thereby, transcriptional control, at the enhancer and promoter loci where these enzymes bind. Overall, our work provides a mechanistic basis for both the non-redundant roles and the diverse mutant disease states of these enzymes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Manning
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Timur Yusufzai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.
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