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Effects of Hyssopus Officinalis Hydroalcoholic Extract on Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Convulsive Seizures in Rat. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3792-3804. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of piperazine clubbed 1,2,4-triazine derivatives as potent anticonvulsant agents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of aryl oxadiazole linked 1,2,4-triazine derivatives as anticonvulsant agents. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Diel KAP, Marinho LC, von Poser GL. The ethnobotanical relevance of the tribe Symphonieae (Clusiaceae) around the world. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114745. [PMID: 34656665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The tribe Symphonieae (Clusiaceae) encompasses 48 species accommodated in seven genera (Lorostemon, Montrouziera, Moronobea, Pentadesma, Platonia, Symphonia and Thysanostemon). Parts of these plants, mainly the exudates and the seeds oil are useful for different purposes, especially for treating dermatological conditions. In addition to the role in the folk medicine, some species are of great economic and cultural importance for native people from different continents. AIM OF THE REVIEW The goal of this review is to critically summarize the current knowledge on systematics, ethnobotanical, chemical and pharmacological aspects of species from the tribe Symphonieae, as well as to provide support for future taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on the Clusiaceae family. MATERIALS AND METHODS The available information was gathered from many different databases (Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Pubmed, ChemSpider, SciFinder, ACS Publications, Wiley Online Library, Useful Tropical Plants Database, Google Scholar). Additional data from books, theses and dissertations were also included in this review. RESULTS Chemical studies of Symphonieae have demonstrated that the genera are a source of benzophenones, xanthones and biflavonoids. Components as sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, free fatty acids, among others, have also been reported. Extracts and compounds isolated from a variety of species have been exhibiting antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antiprotozoal activities, corroborating part of their medicinal uses. In addition, certain species produce edible fruits and a kind of "butter" with economic importance. All species produce exudate, which often has great relevance in the daily lives of local people. CONCLUSION Several species of Symphonieae have potential therapeutic applications and some of them have been investigated to scientifically validate their popular uses. In addition, a number of species have proved to be a rich source of promising pharmacologically active compounds. Finally, the value of fruits, exudate and butter, for instance, should serve as a stimulus for the sustainable development of products that aim to take advantage of these natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriptsan Abdon Poletto Diel
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Santana, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucas Cardoso Marinho
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Departamento de Biologia, Avenida dos Portugueses 1966, Bacanga, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Gilsane Lino von Poser
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Santana, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Effects of "Bacuri" Seed Butter ( Platonia insignis Mart.) on Metabolic Parameters in Hamsters with Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5584965. [PMID: 34912463 PMCID: PMC8668334 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5584965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the treatment with bacuri seed butter (BB) on body weight, growth, body mass index, lipid profile, atherosclerotic indices, and liver function in dyslipidemic hamsters. Freshly weaned, male hamsters were divided into four groups: (1) normal group (NG)—maintained with standard chow (AIN-93G); (2) dyslipidemia group (DG)—maintained with hyperlipidemic chow (AIN-93G modified) throughout the follow-up period; (3) bacuri seed butter 25 mg/kg/day (BB-25); and (4) bacuri seed butter 50 mg/kg/day (BB-50). BB groups (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) were also maintained with hyperlipidemic chow throughout the follow-up period, and the treatment started after 21 days receiving a hyperlipidemic diet to induce hypercholesterolemia and maintained for 28 days. No significant differences in triglycerides and total cholesterol were observed for BB-25 and BB-50 groups when compared with NG and DG groups. On the contrary, BB-25 and BB-50 induced both increase of HDL-c (51.40 ± 1.69 and 51.00 ± 2.34, respectively) and decrease of LDL-c (103.80 ± 6.87 and 100.50 ± 3.95, respectively) when compared with DG (41.00 ± 2.94 and 132.70 ± 9.41, respectively). In addition, BB promoted a reduction in the risk of atherosclerotic disease by decreasing (p < 0.05) the atherogenic index, coronary artery risk index, and LDL/CT ratio (p < 0.05) and increasing HDL/CT ratio. On the contrary, no changes were observed in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels or in body weight, growth, body mass index, or liver function parameters. Thus, bacuri seed butter at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg/day has positive repercussions on the lipid profile, more precisely on plasma HDL-c and LDL-c, and additionally promotes reduction in the risk of atherosclerosis in hamsters.
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Bezerra ÉA, Alves MMDM, Lima SKR, Pinheiro EEA, Amorim LV, Lima Neto JDS, Carvalho FADA, Citó AMDGL, Arcanjo DDR. Biflavones from Platonia insignis Mart. Flowers Promote In Vitro Antileishmanial and Immunomodulatory Effects against Internalized Amastigote Forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Pathogens 2021; 10:1166. [PMID: 34578198 PMCID: PMC8469084 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease that affects millions of people worldwide, making the search essential for more accessible treatments. The species Platonia insignis Mart. (Clusiaceae) has been extensively studied and has gained prominence for its pharmacological potential. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antileishmania activity, cytotoxic effect and activation patterns of macrophages of hydroalcoholic extract (EHPi), ethyl acetate fractions (FAcOEt) and morelloflavone/volkensiflavone mixture (MB) from P. insignis flowers. EHPi, FAcOEt and MB demonstrated concentration-dependent antileishmania activity, with inhibition of parasite growth in all analyzed concentrations. EHPi exhibited maximum effect at 800 μg/mL, while FAcOEt and MB reduced the growth of the parasite by 94.62% at 800 μg/mL. EHPi, FAcOEt and MB showed low cytotoxic effects for macrophages at 81.78, 159.67 and 134.28 μg/mL, respectively. EHPi (11.25 µg/mL), FAcOEt (11.25 and 22.5 µg/mL) and MB (22.5 µg/mL) characterized the increase in lysosomal activity, suggesting a possible modulating effect. These findings open for the application of flowers from a P. insignis flowers and biflavones mixture thereof in the promising treatment of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érika Alves Bezerra
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil; (É.A.B.); (S.K.R.L.)
| | - Michel Mualém de Moraes Alves
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil; (M.M.d.M.A.); (L.V.A.); (F.A.d.A.C.)
| | - Simone Kelly Rodrigues Lima
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil; (É.A.B.); (S.K.R.L.)
- Department of Education, Federal Institute of Maranhão, Bacabal 65080-805, Brazil
| | | | - Layane Valéria Amorim
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil; (M.M.d.M.A.); (L.V.A.); (F.A.d.A.C.)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Dias Rufino Arcanjo
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil; (É.A.B.); (S.K.R.L.)
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Gong G, Chen H, Kam H, Chan G, Tang YX, Wu M, Tan H, Tse YC, Xu HX, Lee SMY. In Vivo Screening of Xanthones from Garcinia oligantha Identified Oliganthin H as a Novel Natural Inhibitor of Convulsions. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3706-3716. [PMID: 33296199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder, characterized by recurrent, spontaneous, and transient seizures, and affects more than 70 million people worldwide. Although two dozen antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are approved and available in the market, seizures remain poorly controlled in one-third of epileptic patients who are suffering from drug resistance or various adverse effects. Recently, the xanthone skeleton has been regarded as an attractive scaffold for the discovery and development of emerging anticonvulsants. We had isolated several dihydroxanthone derivatives previously, including oliganthin H, oliganthin I, and oliganthin N, whose structures were similar and delicately elucidated by spectrum analysis or X-ray crystallographic data, from extracts of leaves of Garcinia oligantha. These xanthone analogues were evaluated for anticonvulsant activity, and a novel xanthone, oliganthin H, has been identified as a sound and effective natural inhibitor of convulsions in zebrafish in vivo. A preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis on the relationship between structures of the xanthone analogues and their activities was also conducted. Oliganthin H significantly suppressed convulsant behavior and reduced to about 25% and 50% of PTZ-induced activity, in 12.5 and 25 μM treatment groups (P < 0.01 and 0.001), respectively. Meanwhile, it reduced seizure activity, velocity, seizure duration, and number of bursts in zebrafish larvae (P < 0.05). Pretreatment of oliganthin H significantly restored aberrant induction of gene expressions including npas4a, c-fos, pyya, and bdnf, as well as gabra1, gad1, glsa, and glula, upon PTZ treatment. In addition, in silico analysis revealed the stability of the oliganthin H-GABAA receptor complex and their detailed binding pattern. Therefore, direct interactions with the GABAA receptor and involvement of downstream GABA-glutamate pathways were possible mechanisms of the anticonvulsant action of oliganthin H. Our findings present the anticonvulsant activity of oliganthin H, provide a novel scaffold for further modifications, and highlight the xanthone skeleton as an attractive and reliable resource for the development of emerging AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hiotong Kam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ging Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yue-Xun Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Man Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongsheng Tan
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu-Chung Tse
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hong-Xi Xu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Vieira DFF, Junior ALG, Machado KDC, Maia WMN, Nascimento TLD, Rios MADS, Lopes LDS. Evaluation of the anticonvulsant and antioxidant activity of alkylated cardanol in rodents. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:6168-6174. [PMID: 33143464 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1831496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the anticonvulsant and antioxidant activity of the alkylated cardanol in mice, as well as the possible mechanisms involved. Albino mice were used. The pentylenetetrazol, picrotoxin, and pilocarpine were used to induce seizures clonic. The effect of selective receptor antagonist GABAA on anticonvulsant activity was investigated with flumazenil. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the formation of lipid peroxides, nitrite content, and concentration of reduced glutathione. The largest dose of alkylated cardanol increased the latency of the first seizure induced by pentylenetetrazol acting on the GABAergic receptors. The treatment did not alter body weight and did not cause death in animals. It was observed a reduction in locomotor activity and motor coordination. Treatment reduced the level of lipid peroxidation and contents of nitrite and increased levels of GSH in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Alkylated cardanol showed a protective effect against convulsions induced in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Fernanda Fernandes Vieira
- Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry (LAPNEX), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Antonio Luiz Gomes Junior
- Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Keylla da Conceição Machado
- Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry (LAPNEX), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Wcleubianne Matias Nascimento Maia
- Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry (LAPNEX), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Tassio Lessa do Nascimento
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia, Campus Tabuleiro do Norte, Sítio Taperinha, Tabuleiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Alexsandra de Sousa Rios
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica Grupo de Inovações Tecnológicas e Especialidades Químicas Campus do Pici, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Luciano da Silva Lopes
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry [LAPNEX], Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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do Nascimento Cavalcante A, Lima LKF, Araújo CM, da Silva Santos FP, do Nascimento MO, de Castro E Sousa JM, Rai M, Feitosa CM. Toxicity, cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and in vitro antioxidant models of 2-oleyl-1,3-dipalmitoyl-glycerol isolated from the hexane extract of Platonia insignis MART seeds. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:209-216. [PMID: 32025498 PMCID: PMC6997655 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
2-oleyl-1,3-dipalmitoyl-glycerol (ODG) was obtained from Platonia insignis (bacurizeiro) seeds. There are no studies on its toxicity and protective activities against oxidative stress. This study was aimed to evaluate antioxidant effects in vitro, as well as to evaluate the toxicological and mutagenic effects of the ODG. ODG showed a median lethal dose (LD50) greater than 1200 μg mL-1 in A. salina. In the assay of A. cepa (0.2-0.002 mg mL-1) the ODG compound at the highest concentration was slightly cytotoxic with decrease in the size of roots and mitotic indexes, but did not induce chromosomal alterations. ODG (8.75-140.00 μg mL-1) was found to reduce nitric oxide production by 41.6 %, while the antioxidant standard ascorbic acid (AA) reduced 54.14 %. ODG (15.625-250.00 μg mL-1) promoted removal of the hydroxyl radical by 35.69 % at the highest concentration and was able to prevent lipid peroxidation induced by 2,2'-azobis-2-amidinopropane (AAPH), inhibiting the amount of TBARS formed, up to 35.69 %, a result close to that obtained with AA. Thus, ODG moderately reduced the levels of hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide, and TBARS in vitro and was nontoxic at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio do Nascimento Cavalcante
- Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, 65760-000, Presidente Dutra, MA, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Layana Karine Farias Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Cristiany Marinho Araújo
- Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piauí, Teresina Campus South Zone, 64018-000, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, 444 602, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Chistiane Mendes Feitosa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil
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10
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Gonçalves DA, de Souza ID, Rosa ACG, Melo ESP, Goncalves AMB, de Oliveira LCS, do Nascimento VA. Multi-wavelength calibration: Determination of trace toxic elements in medicine plants by ICP OES. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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11
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Excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and oxidant stress as molecular bases of epileptogenesis and epilepsy-derived neurodegeneration: The role of vitamin E. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1098-1112. [PMID: 30703511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress are common underlying events in neurodegeneration. This pathogenic "triad" characterizes the neurobiology of epilepsy, leading to seizure-induced cell death, increased susceptibility to neuronal synchronization and network alterations. Along with other maladaptive changes, these events pave the way to spontaneous recurrent seizures and progressive degeneration of the interested brain areas. In vivo models of epilepsy are available to explore such epileptogenic mechanisms, also assessing the efficacy of chemoprevention and therapy strategies at the pre-clinical level. The kainic acid model of pharmacological excitotoxicity and epileptogenesis is one of the most investigated mimicking the chronicization profile of temporal lobe epilepsy in humans. Its pathogenic cues include inflammatory and neuronal death pathway activation, mitochondrial disturbances and lipid peroxidation of several regions of the brain, the most vulnerable being the hippocampus. The importance of neuroinflammation and lipid peroxidation as underlying molecular events of brain damage was demonstrated in this model by the possibility to counteract the related maladaptive morphological and functional changes of this organ with vitamin E, the main fat-soluble cellular antioxidant and "conditional" co-factor of enzymatic pathways involved in polyunsaturated lipid metabolism and inflammatory signaling. The present review paper provides an overview of the literature supporting the potential for a timely intervention with vitamin E therapy in clinical management of seizures and epileptogenic processes associated with excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and lipid peroxidation, i.e. the pathogenic "triad".
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Da Silva BJM, Hage AAP, Silva EO, Rodrigues APD. Medicinal plants from the Brazilian Amazonian region and their antileishmanial activity: a review. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2018; 16:211-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Coelho VR, Prado LS, Rossato RR, Ferraz ABF, Vieira CG, de Souza LP, Pfluger P, Regner GG, Valle MTC, Leal MB, Dallegrave E, Corrêa DS, Picada JN, Pereira P. A 28-day Sub-acute Genotoxic and Behavioural Assessment of Garcinielliptone FC. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:207-212. [PMID: 29575551 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Garcinielliptone FC (GFC) is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone isolated from Platonia insignis Mart (Clusiaceae) with promising anticonvulsant properties. However, its safe use and other effects on the central nervous system require assessment. This study assessed the toxicological effects of GFC using the comet assay and the micronucleus test in mice treated for 28 days. A behavioural model was employed to detect possible injuries on the central nervous system. Mice treated with GFC (2, 10 and 20 mg/kg; i.p.) daily for 28 days were submitted to rotarod test, open-field test and tail suspension test (TST). After the behaviour tasks, biological samples were assessed to evaluate genotoxic and mutagenic effects using the comet assay and the micronucleus test. Garcinielliptone FC did not impair the performance of the animals in the rotarod and open-field tests, with no antidepressant-like effect in TST. No genotoxic effects in blood and cerebral cortex were observable in the comet assay; however, there was a significant increase in index and frequency of damage in liver after treatment with GFC 20 mg/kg. Garcinielliptone FC did not increase micronucleus frequency in bone marrow. At the tested doses, GFC was not toxic to the CNS and did not induce genotoxic damage to blood or bone narrow cells. DNA damage to liver tissue was caused only by the highest dose, although no mutagenic potential was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa R Coelho
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lismare S Prado
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil, Farroupilha, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Raíssa R Rossato
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Farroupilha, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre B F Ferraz
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Farroupilha, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Caroline G Vieira
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luana P de Souza
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pricila Pfluger
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriela G Regner
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina T C Valle
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Sciences of the Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mirna B Leal
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Sciences of the Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eliane Dallegrave
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Sciences of the Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dione S Corrêa
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Farroupilha, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline N Picada
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil, Farroupilha, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Ambrogini P, Albertini MC, Betti M, Galati C, Lattanzi D, Savelli D, Di Palma M, Saccomanno S, Bartolini D, Torquato P, Ruffolo G, Olivieri F, Galli F, Palma E, Minelli A, Cuppini R. Neurobiological Correlates of Alpha-Tocopherol Antiepileptogenic Effects and MicroRNA Expression Modulation in a Rat Model of Kainate-Induced Seizures. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7822-7838. [PMID: 29468563 PMCID: PMC6132771 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Seizure-triggered maladaptive neural plasticity and neuroinflammation occur during the latent period as a key underlying event in epilepsy chronicization. Previously, we showed that α-tocopherol (α-T) reduces hippocampal neuroglial activation and neurodegeneration in the rat model of kainic acid (KA)-induced status epilepticus (SE). These findings allowed us to postulate an antiepileptogenic potential for α-T in hippocampal excitotoxicity, in line with clinical evidence showing that α-T improves seizure control in drug-resistant patients. To explore neurobiological correlates of the α-T antiepileptogenic role, rats were injected with such vitamin during the latent period starting right after KA-induced SE, and the effects on circuitry excitability, neuroinflammation, neuronal death, and microRNA (miRNA) expression were investigated in the hippocampus. Results show that in α-T-treated epileptic rats, (1) the number of population spikes elicited by pyramidal neurons, as well as the latency to the onset of epileptiform-like network activity recover to control levels; (2) neuronal death is almost prevented; (3) down-regulation of claudin, a blood-brain barrier protein, is fully reversed; (4) neuroinflammation processes are quenched (as indicated by the decrease of TNF-α, IL-1β, GFAP, IBA-1, and increase of IL-6); (5) miR-146a, miR-124, and miR-126 expression is coherently modulated in hippocampus and serum by α-T. These findings support the potential of a timely intervention with α-T in clinical management of SE to reduce epileptogenesis, thus preventing chronic epilepsy development. In addition, we suggest that the analysis of miRNA levels in serum could provide clinicians with a tool to evaluate disease evolution and the efficacy of α-T therapy in SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ambrogini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029, Urbino, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Albertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Michele Betti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Claudia Galati
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Davide Lattanzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - David Savelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Michael Di Palma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Stefania Saccomanno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Torquato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ruffolo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.,Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Palma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Minelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cuppini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029, Urbino, Italy
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Nkamguie Nkantchoua GC, Kameni Njapdounke JS, Jules Fifen J, Sotoing Taiwe G, Josiane Ojong L, Kavaye Kandeda A, Ngo Bum E. Anticonvulsant effects of Senna spectabilis on seizures induced by chemicals and maximal electroshock. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 212:18-28. [PMID: 28986332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Senna spectabilis (Fabaceae) is one of the medicinal plants used in Cameroon by traditional healers to treat epilepsy, constipation, insomnia, anxiety. The present study aimed to investigate the anticonvulsant effects of Senna spectabilis decoction on seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), pilocarpine (PC) and its possible action mechanisms in animal models using flumazenil (FLU), methyl-ß-carboline-3-carboxylate (BC) and bicuculline (BIC). Senna spectabilis decoction (106.5 and 213.0mg/kg) antagonized completely tonic-clonic hind limbs of mice induced by MES. The lowest plant dose (42.6mg/kg) provided 100% of protection against seizures induced by PTZ (70mg/kg). Administration of different doses of the plant decoction antagonized seizures induced by PC up to 75%, causing a dose dependent protection and reduced significantly the mortality rate induced by this convulsant. Both FLU and BC antagonize strongly the anticonvulsant effects of this plant and are unable to reverse totally diazepam or the plant decoction effects on inhibiting seizures. The animals did not present any sign of acute toxicity even at higher doses of the plant decoction. In conclusion, Senna spectabilis possesses an anticonvulsant activity. We showed that its decoction protects significantly mice against seizures induced by chemicals and MES, delays the onset time and reduces mortality rate in seizures-induced. It also appears that the oral administration of the decoction of S. spectabilis is more active than the intraperitoneal administration of the ethanolic extract on inhibiting seizures induced by MES and PTZ. Moreover, the plant decoction could interact with GABAA complex receptor probably on the GABA and benzodiazepines sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jean Jules Fifen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Germain Sotoing Taiwe
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Cameroon
| | - Lucie Josiane Ojong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Antoine Kavaye Kandeda
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Cameroon
| | - Elisabeth Ngo Bum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon
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Viswanatha GL, Venkataranganna MV, Prasad NBL. Ameliorative potential of Colebrookea oppositifolia methanolic root extract against experimental models of epilepsy: Possible role of GABA mediated mechanism. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:455-465. [PMID: 28391167 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colebrookea oppositifolia Smith is one of the commonly used plants to treat epilepsy by various folk medicine communities like nomadic Gujjars, Tharu and Bhoxa in sub-Himalayan regions of India. PURPOSE The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of roots of Colebrookea oppositifolia using various experimental models of epilepsy in mice. METHODS Petroleum ether extract of roots of C. Oppositifolia (PeCO), methanolic eCO (MeCO) and aqueous eCO (AeCO) was initially evaluated in six-hertz-seizure test in mice, the effective extract was further evaluated against maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) models in mice. In addition, the potent extract was evaluated against the PTZ model by co-administering with flumazenil (FMZ), and also evaluated for its effect on brain GABA levels in brain and NMDA-induced lethality in mice. Furthermore, the possible locomotor deficit-inducing property of the extract was evaluated by actophotometer test in mice. RESULTS In six-hertz-seizure test the MeCO (25, 50, 100 and 200mg/kg) and AeCO (50, 100, 200, 400 and 800mg/kg) showed significant protection compared to control group, and MeCO was more potent than AeCO. Based on these outcomes, only MeCO was evaluated in MES and PTZ models. Notably, the MeCO (25, 50, 100 and 200mg/kg) has offered significant and dose- dependent protection against MES and PTZ-induced seizures in mice. Alongside, the MeCO (100 and 200mg/kg) showed a significant increase in GABA levels in the brain compared to control. In line with these findings, the anti-PTZ effect of MeCO (100mg/kg, p.o.) was blocked when co-administered with flumazenil (3mg/kg, i.p.),and in NMDA-induced mortality test, the MeCO has shown only 50% protection at 200mg/kg dose, thus confirmed the significant role of GABA pathway. Interestingly, the MeCO did not cause significant change in locomotor activity compared to before treatment. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that MeCO possess significant anticonvulsant activity and the outcomes further confirmed the involvement of GABAergic mechanisms behind the anticonvulsant activity of MeCO.
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da Silva Prado L, da Silva J, Garcia ALH, Boaretto FBM, Grivicich I, Conter LU, de Oliveira Salvi A, Reginatto FH, Vencato SB, de Barros Falcão Ferraz A, Picada JN. Evaluation of DNA Damage in HepG2 Cells and Mutagenicity of Garcinielliptone FC, A Bioactive Benzophenone. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 120:621-627. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology; Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA); Canoas Brazil
| | | | | | - Ivana Grivicich
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA); Canoas Brazil
| | | | - Aguisson de Oliveira Salvi
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy; Health Sciences Center; Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Reginatto
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy; Health Sciences Center; Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis Brazil
| | - Suele Bierhals Vencato
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry; Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA); Canoas Brazil
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Ambrogini P, Betti M, Galati C, Di Palma M, Lattanzi D, Savelli D, Galli F, Cuppini R, Minelli A. α-Tocopherol and Hippocampal Neural Plasticity in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E2107. [PMID: 27983697 PMCID: PMC5187907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity is an "umbrella term" referring to the complex, multifaceted physiological processes that mediate the ongoing structural and functional modifications occurring, at various time- and size-scales, in the ever-changing immature and adult brain, and that represent the basis for fundamental neurocognitive behavioral functions; in addition, maladaptive neuroplasticity plays a role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric dysfunctions. Experiential cues and several endogenous and exogenous factors can regulate neuroplasticity; among these, vitamin E, and in particular α-tocopherol (α-T), the isoform with highest bioactivity, exerts potent effects on many plasticity-related events in both the physiological and pathological brain. In this review, the role of vitamin E/α-T in regulating diverse aspects of neuroplasticity is analyzed and discussed, focusing on the hippocampus, a brain structure that remains highly plastic throughout the lifespan and is involved in cognitive functions. Vitamin E-mediated influences on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and related cognitive behavior, on post-natal development and adult hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as on cellular and molecular disruptions in kainate-induced temporal seizures are described. Besides underscoring the relevance of its antioxidant properties, non-antioxidant functions of vitamin E/α-T, mainly involving regulation of cell signaling molecules and their target proteins, have been highlighted to help interpret the possible mechanisms underlying the effects on neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ambrogini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Michele Betti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Claudia Galati
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Michael Di Palma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Davide Lattanzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - David Savelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Cuppini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Andrea Minelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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da Silva APDSCL, Oliveira GLDS, Medeiros SC, Sousa AML, Lopes LDS, David JM, da Costa Junior JS, de Freitas RM. Pre-clinical toxicology of garcinielliptone FC, a tautomeric pair of polyprenylated benzophenone, isolated from Platonia insignis Mart seeds. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:477-482. [PMID: 27064006 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Garcinielliptone FC (GFC) is a tautomeric pair of polyprenylated benzophenone, which has proven to have antiepileptic, cytotoxic and antioxidant activity. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical, hematological and pathological effects of the acute toxicity study as well as to assess the locomotor activity and motor coordination in mice treated with GFC. METHODS Swiss mice of both sexes weighing 25-30 g divided into three separate groups of five animals matched by weight and size. GFC was aseptically suspended in 0.05% Tween 80, dissolved in 0.9% saline (vehicle) and administered orally (p.o.) and intraperitoneally (i.p.) (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg). The acute toxicity study was performed in compliance with the Anvisa regulations. RESULTS Behavioral manifestations of toxicity, such as state of consciousness, coordination, muscle tone, reflexes, the activity on the central nervous system (shake, seizures, Straub tail reaction and anesthesia) and the activity of the autonomic nervous system (lacrimation, ptosis, urination, piloerection, hypothermia, breathing and hyperemia) were not seen in any of the animals treated with doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg. Additionally, no significant difference in body weight, food and water intake, excreta production or macroscopic changes in the organs of treated animals were detected in comparison with control group. GFC did not affect the locomotor activity and motor coordination of the animals. CONCLUSION The acute toxicity study indicated that GFC treatment, at selected doses given orally and intraperitoneally, showed relatively low risk of toxicity in all test animals, suggesting that it is safe for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula dos Santos C L da Silva
- Department of Phamacy, Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry (LAPNEX), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, CEP 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil.
| | - George Laylson da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Phamacy, Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry (LAPNEX), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, CEP 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil.
| | - Shirlene Cesario Medeiros
- Department of Phamacy, Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry (LAPNEX), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, CEP 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Allyson Martins Lopes Sousa
- Department of Phamacy, Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry (LAPNEX), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, CEP 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Luciano da Silva Lopes
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, CEP 64000-040, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Jorge M David
- Institute of Chemistry, CEP 40170-290, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Joaquim S da Costa Junior
- Department of Phamacy, Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry (LAPNEX), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, CEP 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Rivelilson Mendes de Freitas
- Department of Phamacy, Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry (LAPNEX), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, CEP 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
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The role of flavonoids on oxidative stress in epilepsy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:171756. [PMID: 25653736 PMCID: PMC4306219 DOI: 10.1155/2015/171756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds. Oxidative stress can result from excessive free-radical production and it is likely implicated as a possible mechanism involved in the initiation and progression of epileptogenesis. Flavonoids can protect the brain from oxidative stress. In the central nervous system (CNS) several flavonoids bind to the benzodiazepine site on the GABAA-receptor resulting in anticonvulsive effects. Objective. This review provides an overview about the role of flavonoids in oxidative stress in epilepsy. The mechanism of action of flavonoids and its relation to the chemical structure is also discussed. Results/Conclusions. There is evidence that suggests that flavonoids have potential for neuroprotection in epilepsy.
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Ge MM, Hu F, Lou ZY, Xue W, Yu H, Xu L, Liu ZH, Xu Y, Chen XT, Wang HL. Role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the protective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on lead-induced impairments of spine formation in the hippocampus of rats. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00315f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) may significantly reverse Pb-related spine damage in developing rats by increasing the expression of Wnt7a and the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Ge
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Fan Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Zhi-Yi Lou
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Weizhen Xue
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Hang Yu
- School of Pharmacy
- Anhui Medical University
- Hefei
- China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Zhi-Hua Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | | | - Hui-Li Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
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Singh P, Singh D, Goel RK. Ficus religiosa L. figs--a potential herbal adjuvant to phenytoin for improved management of epilepsy and associated behavioral comorbidities. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 41:171-8. [PMID: 25461211 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, together with mitochondrial dysfunction, has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of epileptogenesis and its associated comorbidities. Phytoflavonoids have shown numerous beneficial ameliorative effects on different neurological disorders by virtue of their antioxidant effect. The present study investigated the effect of flavonoid-rich ethyl acetate fraction of the crude fig extract of Ficus religiosa in combination with phenytoin on seizure severity, depressive behavior, and cognitive deficit in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-kindled mice. The flavonoid-rich ethyl acetate fraction of the crude fig extract was found to show significant antioxidant potential in various in vitro free radical scavenging assays. Combined treatment of this fraction (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg; i.p.) along with a subeffective dose of phenytoin (15 mg/kg; i.p.) in postkindled animals once daily for fifteen days showed a dose-dependent decrease in the seizure severity score, a decreased number of mistakes, increased step-down latency in passive shock avoidance paradigm, and decreased immobility time in the tail suspension test in comparison with the phenytoin only-treated group. Biochemical investigations of the brain tissue showed amelioration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and reduced catalase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, thereby indicating suppression of oxidative stress. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed the protective effect of the flavonoid-rich fraction of F. religiosa along with a subeffective dose of phenytoin in PTZ-kindling-associated cognitive deficit and depressive behavior with complete suppression of seizures through reduction of oxidative stress, supporting the the need for clinical evaluation of the supplementation of phytoflavonoids along with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for management of epilepsy and its psychiatric and cognitive comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramdeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India.
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Menon B, Ramalingam K, Kumar RV. Low plasma antioxidant status in patients with epilepsy and the role of antiepileptic drugs on oxidative stress. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2014; 17:398-404. [PMID: 25506160 PMCID: PMC4251012 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.144008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has been implicated in various disorders including epilepsy. We studied the antioxidant status in patients with epilepsy and aimed at determining whether there was any difference in the antioxidant levels between patients and controls, patients who are not on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and on treatment, between individual AEDs and patients on monotherapy and polytherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antioxidant levels like catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), vitamin E, glutathione (GSH), thiol group (SH), uric acid, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were compared between 100 patients with epilepsy and equal number of controls. Twenty-five patients who were not on AEDs were compared with patients on AEDs and the control group. Patients were divided into monotherapy and polytherapy group and antioxidant status was compared between the two groups and between individual drugs. RESULTS Catalase, SH, vitamin E, and TAC were significantly low in patients with epilepsy than those in the control group (P < 0.001). GSH and uric acid did not show any difference; GPx in patients was significantly higher than those in the control group There were no differences in the antioxidant levels between the treated and the untreated groups; however, it was lower in untreated patients than controls (P < 0.001), suggesting that AEDs do not modify the oxidative stress. Patients on Valproate (VPA) showed higher catalase and GPx levels. Catalase was higher in the monotherapy than polytherapy group (P < 0.04). CONCLUSION Our study found significantly low levels of antioxidant in patients as compared to controls. AED did not influence the antioxidant status suggesting that seizures induce oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Menon
- Department of Neurology, Narayana Medical College and Superspeciality Hospital, Chintareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Krishnan Ramalingam
- Department of Biochemistry, Narayana Medical College and Superspeciality Hospital, Chintareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendiran Vinoth Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Narayana Medical College and Superspeciality Hospital, Chintareddypalem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Mendes MB, da Silva-Filho JC, Sabino CKB, Arcanjo DDR, Sousa CMM, Costa ICG, Chaves MH, Oliveira RDCM, Oliveira AP. Pharmacological evidence of α2-adrenergic receptors in the hypotensive effect of Platonia insignis mart. J Med Food 2014; 17:1079-85. [PMID: 25055183 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platonia insignis Mart. (Clusiaceae) is a medicinal plant from the Brazilian Amazon region. The present study evaluated the biological potential of the ethanol extract (Pi-EtOH) and ethyl acetate fraction (Pi-EtOAc) of the P. insignis fruit shells on the cardiovascular system of rats. Pi-EtOH or Pi-EtOAc (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) was administered intravenously in normotensive rats (260-300 g), and the mean arterial pressure and the heart rate were monitored. The Pi-EtOH induced hypotension (-11.56±0.89, -7.43±0.85, and -17.56±1.97 mmHg) followed by bradycardia in two highest doses (-8.89±3.62 and -15.79±1.83 beats/min) and Pi-EtOAc, at the same doses, induced hypotension (-11.2±1.03, -14.48±1.13, -29.89±2.67 mmHg) more intensively, followed by tachycardia at the dose 12.5 and 25 mg/kg (15.64±2.06, 19.31±1.92 beats/min) and bradycardia at a dose of 50 mg/kg (-9.98±7.33 beats/min). The hypotensive response from Pi-EtOAc was not attenuated when used in the pretreatment with L-NAME, verapamil, propranolol, and hexamethonium. However, when using yohimbine, the hypotensive effect was inhibited (-4.42±1.28 (P<.05), -3.29±0.99 (P<.05), 2.06±1.18 mmHg (P<.05); Student's t-test). Hence, the Pi-EtOAc seems to act similarly to the α2-adrenergic agonist in this hypotensive effect.
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Post-seizure α-tocopherol treatment decreases neuroinflammation and neuronal degeneration induced by status epilepticus in rat hippocampus. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:246-56. [PMID: 24488645 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E (as α-tocopherol, α-T) was shown to have beneficial effects in epilepsy, mainly ascribed to its antioxidant properties. Besides radical-induced neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation is also involved in the pathophysiology of epilepsy, since neuroglial activation and cytokine production exacerbate seizure-induced neurotoxicity and contribute to epileptogenesis. We previously showed that α-T oral supplementation before inducing status epilepticus, markedly reduces astrocytic and microglial activation, neuronal cell death and oxidative stress in the hippocampus, as observed 4 days after seizure. In order to evaluate the possibility that such a neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effect may also provide a strategy for an acute intervention in epilepsy, in this study, seizures were induced by single intaperitoneal injection of kainic acid and, starting from 3 h after status epilepticus, rats were treated with an intraperitoneal bolus of α-T (250 mg/kg b.w.; once a day) for 4 days, that was the time after which morphological and biochemical analyses were performed on hippocampus. Post-seizure α-T administration significantly reduced astrocytosis and microglia activation, and decreased neuron degeneration and spine loss; these effects were associated with the presence of a lowered lipid peroxidation in hippocampus. These results confirm and further emphasize the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective role of α-T in kainic acid-induced epilepsy. Moreover, the findings show that post-seizure treatment with α-T provides an effective secondary prevention against post-seizure inflammation-induced brain damages and possibly against their epileptogenic effects.
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Nazıroğlu M, Akay MB, Çelik Ö, Yıldırım Mİ, Balcı E, Yürekli VA. Capparis ovata Modulates Brain Oxidative Toxicity and Epileptic Seizures in Pentylentetrazol-Induced Epileptic Rats. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:780-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-0978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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