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Toyoda E, Sato M, Takahashi T, Maehara M, Okada E, Wasai S, Iijima H, Nonaka K, Kawaguchi Y, Watanabe M. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses Reveal the Potential Mode of Action of Chondrocyte Sheets in Hyaline Cartilage Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010149. [PMID: 31878307 PMCID: PMC6981399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte sheet transplantation is a novel and promising approach to treating patients who have cartilage defects associated with osteoarthritis. Hyaline cartilage regeneration by autologous chondrocyte sheets has already been demonstrated in clinical research. In this study, the efficacy of polydactyly-derived chondrocyte sheets (PD sheets) as an allogeneic alternative to standard chondrocyte sheets was examined using an orthotopic xenogeneic transplantation model. In addition, the expression of genes and the secreted proteins in the PD sheets was analyzed using a microarray and a DNA aptamer array. The efficacy of PD sheets with respect to cartilage defects was assessed using histological scores, after which the expressions of genes and proteins exhibiting a correlation to efficacy were identified. Enrichment analysis of efficacy-correlated genes and proteins showed that they were associated with extracellular matrices, skeletal development, and angiogenesis. Eight genes (ESM1, GREM1, SERPINA3, DKK1, MIA, NTN4, FABP3, and PDGFA) exhibited a positive correlation with the efficacy of PD sheets, and three genes (RARRES2, APOE, and PGF) showed a negative correlation for both transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Among these, MIA, DKK1, and GREM1 involved in skeletal development pathways and ESM1 involved in the angiogenesis pathway exhibited a correlation between the amount of secretion and efficacy. These results suggest that these secreted factors may prove useful for predicting PD sheet efficacy and may therefore contribute to hyaline cartilage regeneration via PD sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Toyoda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masato Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-463-93-1121; Fax: +81-463-96-4404
| | - Takumi Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Miki Maehara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Eri Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Shiho Wasai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iijima
- DNA Chip Research Inc., 1-15-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0022, Japan
| | - Ken Nonaka
- DNA Chip Research Inc., 1-15-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0022, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawaguchi
- CellSeed Inc., 2-5-10, Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
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Qiong W, Xiaofeng G, Junfang W. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induces mouse precartilaginous stem cell differentiation through TGFRII-CK1ε-β-catenin signalling. Int J Exp Pathol 2018; 99:113-120. [PMID: 30073722 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Precartilaginous stem cells (PSCs) are adult stem cells which could self-renew or differentiate into chondrocytes to promote bone growth. In this study, we aimed to understand the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in precartilaginous stem cell (PSC) differentiation and to study the mechanisms that underlie this role. We purified PSCs from the neonatal murine perichondrial mesenchyme using immunomagnetic beads, and primary cultured them. Their phenotype was confirmed by the PSC marker fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR-3) overexpression. TGF-β1 was added to induce PSCs differentiation. TGF-β1 increased mRNA expression of chondrogenesis-related genes (collagen type II, Sox 9 and aggrecan) in the cultured PSCs. This was abolished by TGF-β receptor II (TGFRII) and Casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε) lentiviral shRNA depletion. Meanwhile, we found that TGF-β1 induced CK1ε activation, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation and β-catenin nuclear translocation in the mouse PSCs, which was almost completely blocked by TGFRII and CK1ε shRNA knockdown. Based on these results, we suggest that TGF-β1 induces CK1ε activation to promote β-catenin nuclear accumulation, which then regulates chondrogenesis-related gene transcription to eventually promote mouse PSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Qiong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Gu Xiaofeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wang Junfang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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Lindborg CM, Brennan TA, Wang H, Kaplan FS, Pignolo RJ. Cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein (CD-RAP): A stage-specific biomarker of heterotopic endochondral ossification (HEO) in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Bone 2018; 109:153-157. [PMID: 28963080 PMCID: PMC7680581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genesis of a cartilaginous scaffold is an obligate precursor to bone formation in heterotopic endochondral ossification (HEO). We tested the hypothesis that cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein (CD-RAP) can serve as a plasma biomarker for the pre-osseous cartilaginous stage of HEO. Palovarotene, a retinoic acid receptor-gamma (RARγ) agonist, has been proposed as a possible treatment for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) and is a potent inhibitor of HEO in mouse models. Current drug development for FOP mandates the identification of stage-specific biomarkers to facilitate the evaluation of clinical trial endpoints. RESULTS Here we show in an injury-induced, constitutively-active transgenic mouse model of FOP that CD-RAP levels peaked between day-7 and day-10 during the zenith of histologically-identified chondrogenesis, preceded radiographically apparent HEO, and were diminished by palovarotene. Cross-sectional analysis of CD-RAP levels in plasma samples from FOP patients demonstrated a statistically non-significant trend toward higher levels in the recent flare-up period (three weeks to three months within onset of symptoms). However, in a longitudinal subgroup analysis of patients followed for at least six months after resolution of flare-up symptoms, there was a statistically significant decrease of CD-RAP when compared to levels in the same patients at the time of active or recent exacerbations. CONCLUSIONS These data support the further exploration of CD-RAP as a stage-specific biomarker of HEO in FOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter M Lindborg
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Tracy A Brennan
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; The Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Frederick S Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; The Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Robert J Pignolo
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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Payr S, Tichy B, Atteneder C, Michel M, Tiefenboeck T, Lang N, Nuernberger S, Hajdu S, Rosado-Balmayor E, Marlovits S, Albrecht C. Redifferentiation of aged human articular chondrocytes by combining bone morphogenetic protein-2 and melanoma inhibitory activity protein in 3D-culture. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179729. [PMID: 28704392 PMCID: PMC5509113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) affects the differentiation to hyaline cartilage and can inhibit the osteogenic potential of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The aim of this study was to investigate if MIA also inhibits the osteogenic potential of BMP-2 in human articular chondrocytes during redifferentiation, which may lead to a higher grade of differentiation without calcification. HAC of four female patients (mean age: 73.75 ±6.98) were seeded into 3D culture for 28 days; after adding the recombinant proteins, four groups were formed (Control, BMP-2, MIA, BMP-2+MIA). Samples were analysed for gene expression, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and histology on day 0, 14 and 28. Collagen type 2 (COL2A1) was significantly increased in the BMP-2 containing groups on day 28; BMP-2 (100-fold, p = 0.001), BMP-2+MIA (65-fold, p = 0.009) and similar to the level of native cartilage. Higher aggrecan (Agg) levels were present in the BMP-2 (3-fold, p = 0.007) and BMP-2+MIA (4-fold, p = 0.002) group after 14 days and in the BMP-2 (9-fold, p = 0.001) group after 28 days. Collagen type 10 (COL10A1) was increased in the BMP-2 containing groups (6-fold, p = 0.006) but these levels were significantly below native cartilage. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type 1 (COL1A1) and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content did not reveal any relevant differences between groups. BMP-2 is a potent inducer for differentiation of HAC. A significant enhancement of this effect in combination with MIA could not be observed. Furthermore no significant reduction of osteogenic markers during re-differentiation of chondrocytes was present combining BMP-2 and MIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Payr
- Department of Trauma Surgery, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Brigitte Tichy
- Department of Trauma Surgery, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Atteneder
- Department of Trauma Surgery, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc Michel
- Department of Trauma Surgery, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Tiefenboeck
- Department of Trauma Surgery, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Lang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Nuernberger
- Department of Trauma Surgery, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Hajdu
- Department of Trauma Surgery, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Rosado-Balmayor
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Marlovits
- Department of Trauma Surgery, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Albrecht
- Department of Trauma Surgery, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induces mouse precartilaginous stem cell proliferation through TGF-β receptor II (TGFRII)-Akt-β-catenin signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:12665-76. [PMID: 25036031 PMCID: PMC4139866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150712665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Precartilaginous stem cells (PSCs) could self-renew or differentiate into chondrocytes to promote bone growth. In the current study, we aim to understand the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in precartilaginous stem cell (PSC) proliferation, and to study the underlying mechanisms. We successfully purified and primary-cultured PSCs from the neonate mice’ perichondrial mesenchyme, and their phenotype was confirmed by the PSC marker fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR-3) overexpression. We found that TGF-β1 induced Akt-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation and β-catenin nuclear translocation in the mouse PSCs, which was almost blocked by TGF-β receptor-II (TGFRII) shRNA knockdown. Further, perifosine and MK-2206, two Akt-specific inhibitors, suppressed TGF-β1-induced GSK3β phosphorylation and β-catenin nuclear translocation. Akt inhibitors, as well as β-catenin shRNA knockdown largely inhibited TGF-β1-stimulated cyclin D1/c-myc gene transcription and mouse PSC proliferation. Based on these results, we suggest that TGF-β1 induces Akt activation to promote β-catenin nuclear accumulation, which then regulates cyclin D1/c-myc gene transcription to eventually promote mouse PSC proliferation.
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Nemeth CL, Janebodin K, Yuan AE, Dennis JE, Reyes M, Kim DH. Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells using nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2817-29. [PMID: 24749806 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have examined the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography was employed to fabricate well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA. Using this microengineered platform, we first demonstrated that DPSCs formed three-dimensional spheroids, which provide an appropriate environment for in vitro chondrogenic differentiation. We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. Immunocytochemistry showed more extensive deposition of collagen type II in DPSCs cultured on the nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds. These findings suggest that nanotopography and HA provide important cues for promoting chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron L Nemeth
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
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7
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Schmid R, Meyer K, Spang R, Schittek B, Bosserhoff AK. YBX1 is a modulator of MIA/CD-RAP-dependent chondrogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82166. [PMID: 24349210 PMCID: PMC3861381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MIA/CD-RAP is a small, secreted protein involved in cartilage differentiation and melanoma progression. We recently revealed that p54(nrb) acts as a mediator of MIA/CD-RAP action to promote chondrogenesis and the progression of malignant melanoma. As the molecular mechanism of MIA/CD-RAP action in cartilage has not been defined in detail until now, we aimed to understand the regulation of p54(nrb) transcription in chondrogenesis. We concentrated on the previously described MIA/CD-RAP-dependent regulatory region in the p54(nrb) promoter and characterized the transcriptional regulation of p54(nrb) by MIA/CD-RAP in cartilage. A series of truncated p54(nrb) promoter constructs and mutagenesis analysis revealed that the transcription factor YBX1, which has not been investigated in chondrogenesis thus far, is the mediator of MIA/CD-RAP dependent activation of p54(nrb) transcription. A systematic analysis of genes carrying this binding site in their promoter region revealed further potential MIA/CD-RAP-regulated genes that have been implicated in cartilage differentiation. In summary, we described the effects of MIA/CD-RAP on transcriptional regulation in chondrocytes. Understanding the regulation of p54(nrb) via YBX1 contributes to the understanding of chondrogenesis. Uncovering new downstream effectors that function via the activation of YBX1 supports the important role of MIA/CD-RAP in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Meyer
- Institute for Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Spang
- Institute for Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Schittek
- Institute of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Janebodin K, Horst OV, Ieronimakis N, Balasundaram G, Reesukumal K, Pratumvinit B, Reyes M. Isolation and characterization of neural crest-derived stem cells from dental pulp of neonatal mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27526. [PMID: 22087335 PMCID: PMC3210810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are shown to reside within the tooth and play an important role in dentin regeneration. DPSCs were first isolated and characterized from human teeth and most studies have focused on using this adult stem cell for clinical applications. However, mouse DPSCs have not been well characterized and their origin(s) have not yet been elucidated. Herein we examined if murine DPSCs are neural crest derived and determined their in vitro and in vivo capacity. DPSCs from neonatal murine tooth pulp expressed embryonic stem cell and neural crest related genes, but lacked expression of mesodermal genes. Cells isolated from the Wnt1-Cre/R26R-LacZ model, a reporter of neural crest-derived tissues, indicated that DPSCs were Wnt1-marked and therefore of neural crest origin. Clonal DPSCs showed multi-differentiation in neural crest lineage for odontoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, neurons, and smooth muscles. Following in vivo subcutaneous transplantation with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate, based on tissue/cell morphology and specific antibody staining, the clones differentiated into odontoblast-like cells and produced dentin-like structure. Conversely, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) gave rise to osteoblast-like cells and generated bone-like structure. Interestingly, the capillary distribution in the DPSC transplants showed close proximity to odontoblasts whereas in the BMSC transplants bone condensations were distant to capillaries resembling dentinogenesis in the former vs. osteogenesis in the latter. Thus we demonstrate the existence of neural crest-derived DPSCs with differentiation capacity into cranial mesenchymal tissues and other neural crest-derived tissues. In turn, DPSCs hold promise as a source for regenerating cranial mesenchyme and other neural crest derived tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajohnkiart Janebodin
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orapin V. Horst
- Departments of Dental Public Health Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Ieronimakis
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gayathri Balasundaram
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kanit Reesukumal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Busadee Pratumvinit
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Morayma Reyes
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Kolanczyk M, Mautner V, Kossler N, Nguyen R, Kühnisch J, Zemojtel T, Jamsheer A, Wegener E, Thurisch B, Tinschert S, Holtkamp N, Park SJ, Birch P, Kendler D, Harder A, Mundlos S, Kluwe L. MIA is a potential biomarker for tumour load in neurofibromatosis type 1. BMC Med 2011; 9:82. [PMID: 21726432 PMCID: PMC3224593 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-9-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a frequent genetic disease characterized by multiple benign tumours with increased risk for malignancy. There is currently no biomarker for tumour load in NF1 patients. METHODS In situ hybridization and quantitative real-time polymerase reaction were applied to investigate expression of cartilage-specific genes in mice bearing conditional inactivation of NF1 in the developing limbs. These mice do not develop tumours but recapitulate aspects of NF1 bone dysplasia, including deregulation of cartilage differentiation. It has been recently shown that NF1 tumours require for their growth the master regulator of cartilage differentiation SOX9. We thus hypothesized that some of the cartilage-specific genes deregulated in an Nf1Prx1 mouse model might prove to be relevant biomarkers of NF1 tumours. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing expression of the SOX9 target gene product melanoma-inhibitory activity/cd-rap (MIA) in tumour and serum samples of NF1 patients. RESULTS Increased expression of Mia was found in Nf1-deficient cartilage in mice. In humans, MIA was expressed in all NF1-related tumours and its serum levels were significantly higher in NF1 patients than in healthy controls. Among NF1 patients, MIA serum levels were significantly higher in those with plexiform neurofibromas and in those with large number of cutaneous (> 1,000) or subcutaneous (> 100) neurofibromas than in patients without such tumours. Most notably, MIA serum levels correlated significantly with internal tumour burden. CONCLUSIONS MIA is a potential serum biomarker of tumour load in NF1 patients which could be useful in following the disease course and monitoring the efficacy of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kolanczyk
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt University, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Schmid R, Schiffner S, Opolka A, Grässel S, Schubert T, Moser M, Bosserhoff AK. Enhanced cartilage regeneration in MIA/CD-RAP deficient mice. Cell Death Dis 2010; 1:e97. [PMID: 21368873 PMCID: PMC3032321 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2010.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma inhibitory activity/cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein (MIA/CD-RAP) is a small soluble protein secreted from chondrocytes. It was identified as the prototype of a family of extracellular proteins adopting an SH3 domain-like fold. In order to study the consequences of MIA/CD-RAP deficiency in detail we used mice with a targeted gene disruption of MIA/CD-RAP (MIA−/−) and analyzed cartilage organisation and differentiation in in vivo and in vitro models. Cartilage formation and regeneration was determined in models for osteoarthritis and fracture healing in vivo, in addition to in vitro studies using mesenchymal stem cells of MIA−/− mice. Interestingly, our data suggest enhanced chondrocytic regeneration in the MIA−/− mice, modulated by enhanced proliferation and delayed differentiation. Expression analysis of cartilage tissue derived from MIA−/− mice revealed strong downregulation of nuclear RNA-binding protein 54-kDa (p54nrb), a recently described modulator of Sox9 activity. In this study, we present p54nrb as a mediator of MIA/CD-RAP to promote chondrogenesis. Taken together, our data indicate that MIA/CD-RAP is required for differentiation in cartilage potentially by regulating signaling processes during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Schubert T, Schlegel J, Schmid R, Opolka A, Grassel S, Humphries M, Bosserhoff AK. Modulation of cartilage differentiation by melanoma inhibiting activity/cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein (MIA/CD-RAP). Exp Mol Med 2010; 42:166-74. [PMID: 20164682 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2010.42.3.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma inhibiting activity/cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein (MIA/CD-RAP) is a small soluble protein secreted from malignant melanoma cells and from chondrocytes. Recently, we revealed that MIA/CD-RAP can modulate bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2-induced osteogenic differentiation into a chondrogenic direction. In the current study we aimed to find the molecular details of this MIA/CD-RAP function. Direct influence of MIA on BMP2 by protein-protein-interaction or modulating SMAD signaling was ruled out experimentally. Instead, we revealed inhibition of ERK signaling by MIA/CD-RAP. This inhibition is regulated via binding of MIA/CD-RAP to integrin alpha5 and abolishing its activity. Active ERK signaling is known to block chondrogenic differentiation and we revealed induction of aggrecan expression in chondrocytes by treatment with MIA/CD-RAP or PD098059, an ERK inhibitor. In in vivo models we could support the role of MIA/CD-RAP in influencing osteogenic differentiation negatively. Further, MIA/CD-RAP-deficient mice revealed an enhanced calcified cartilage layer of the articular cartilage of the knee joint and disordered arrangement of chondrocytes. Taken together, our data indicate that MIA/CD-RAP stabilizes cartilage differentiation and inhibits differentiation into bone potentially by regulating signaling processes during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schubert
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Friedman MS, Oyserman SM, Hankenson KD. Wnt11 promotes osteoblast maturation and mineralization through R-spondin 2. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:14117-25. [PMID: 19213727 PMCID: PMC2682860 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808337200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt11 signals through both canonical (beta-catenin) and non-canonical pathways and is up-regulated during osteoblast differentiation and fracture healing. In these studies, we evaluated the role of Wnt11 during osteoblastogenesis. Wnt11 overexpression in MC3T3E1 pre-osteoblasts increases beta-catenin accumulation and promotes bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-induced expression of alkaline phosphatase and mineralization. Wnt11 dramatically increases expression of the osteoblast-associated genes Dmp1 (dentin matrix protein 1), Phex (phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homolog), and Bsp (bone sialoprotein). Wnt11 also increases expression of Rspo2 (R-spondin 2), a secreted factor known to enhance Wnt signaling. Overexpression of Rspo2 is sufficient for increasing Dmp1, Phex, and Bsp expression and promotes bone morphogenetic protein-induced mineralization. Knockdown of Rspo2 abrogates Wnt11-mediated osteoblast maturation. Antagonism of T-cell factor (Tcf)/beta-catenin signaling with dominant negative Tcf blocks Wnt11-mediated expression of Dmp1, Phex, and Rspo2 and decreases mineralization. However, dominant negative Tcf fails to block the osteogenic effects of Rspo2 overexpression. These studies show that Wnt11 signals through beta-catenin, activating Rspo2 expression, which is then required for Wnt11-mediated osteoblast maturation.
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Ijiri K, Zerbini LF, Peng H, Otu HH, Tsuchimochi K, Otero M, Dragomir C, Walsh N, Bierbaum BE, Mattingly D, van Flandern G, Komiya S, Aigner T, Libermann TA, Goldring MB. Differential expression of GADD45beta in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage: potential role in homeostasis of articular chondrocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 58:2075-87. [PMID: 18576389 DOI: 10.1002/art.23504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our previous study suggested that growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 45beta (GADD45beta) prolonged the survival of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the developing mouse embryo. This study was undertaken, therefore, to investigate whether GADD45beta plays a role in adult articular cartilage. METHODS Gene expression profiles of cartilage from patients with late-stage osteoarthritis (OA) were compared with those from patients with early OA and normal controls in 2 separate microarray analyses. Histologic features of cartilage were graded using the Mankin scale, and GADD45beta was localized by immunohistochemistry. Human chondrocytes were transduced with small interfering RNA (siRNA)-GADD45beta or GADD45beta-FLAG. GADD45beta and COL2A1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and promoter activities were analyzed by transient transfection. Cell death was detected by Hoechst 33342 staining of condensed chromatin. RESULTS GADD45beta was expressed at higher levels in cartilage from normal donors and patients with early OA than in cartilage from patients with late-stage OA. All chondrocyte nuclei in normal cartilage immunostained for GADD45beta. In early OA cartilage, GADD45beta was distributed variably in chondrocyte clusters, in middle and deep zone cells, and in osteophytes. In contrast, COL2A1, other collagen genes, and factors associated with skeletal development were up-regulated in late OA, compared with early OA or normal cartilage. In overexpression and knockdown experiments, GADD45beta down-regulated COL2A1 mRNA and promoter activity. NF-kappaB overexpression increased GADD45beta promoter activity, and siRNA-GADD45beta decreased cell survival per se and enhanced tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced cell death in human articular chondrocytes. CONCLUSION These observations suggest that GADD45beta might play an important role in regulating chondrocyte homeostasis by modulating collagen gene expression and promoting cell survival in normal adult cartilage and in early OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Ijiri
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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