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Bao Y, Shen G, Guo Y, Wang Q, Fan X, Li W. Effects of the tumor necrosis factor on hemocyte proliferation and bacterial infection in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109175. [PMID: 37890735 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an important cytokine that can regulate a variety of cellular responses by binding tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR). We studied whether the TNF of Eriocheir sinensis can regulate hemocyte proliferation. The results showed that the EsTNF and EsTNFR were constitutively expressed in all tested tissues, including the heart, hepatopancreas, muscles, gills, stomachs, intestines, and hemocytes. We found that low levels of EsTNF and EsTNFR transcripts were present in hemocytes. The gene expression levels were significantly increased in the hemocytes after being stimulated by Staphylococcus aureus or Vibrio parahaemolyticus. We also found some genes related to cell proliferation were expressed at a higher level in pulsing rTNF-stimulated hemocytes compared with the control group. We also knocked down the EsTNFR gene with RNAi technology. The results showed that the expression level of these genes related to cell proliferation was significantly down-regulated compared with the control group when the TNF does not bind TNFR. We used Edu technology to repeat the above experiments and the results were similar. Compared with the control group, the hemocytes stimulated by rTNF showed more significant proliferation, and the proliferation rate was significantly down-regulated after knocking down the EsTNFR gene. Therefore, we indicate that TNF binding TNFR can affect the proliferation of E. sinensis hemocytes, which might be manifested by affecting the expression of some proliferation-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Bao
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Shen
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinpeng Fan
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiwei Li
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Luo WJ, Song P, He ZM, Cao SP, Tang JZ, Xu WQ, Xiong D, Qu FF, Zhao DF, Liu Z, Li JZ, Yin YL. JAK2 Mediates the Regulation of Pept1 Expression by Leptin in the Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella) Intestine. Front Physiol 2020; 11:79. [PMID: 32116786 PMCID: PMC7033393 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligopeptide transporter 1 (Pept1) is located on the brush border membrane of the intestinal epithelium and plays an important role in dipeptide and tripeptide absorption from protein digestion. In this study, we cloned and characterized the cDNA sequence of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) from Ctenopharyngodon idella. The expression patterns of JAK2 in various tissues and developmental stages were characterized by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The mRNA expression levels of JAK2 and Pept1 regulated by leptin in the intestine were also analyzed in vitro and in vivo. The cDNA sequence of JAK2 is 3378 bp in length, and the mRNA of JAK2 was broadly expressed in all tissues and embryonic stages of C. idella analyzed. In addition, we found that leptin regulated expression of JAK2 and Pept1 in the intestine; Pept1 expression was down-regulated by the JAK2 inhibitor AG490 in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, luciferase experiments showed that overexpression of the JAK2 gene significantly upregulated the activity of the Pept1 5′ regulatory sequence in C. idella. In conclusion, these results may help in elucidating the regulatory effect of the leptin-mediated JAK2 pathway on intestinal Pept1 expression in C. idella and the molecular mechanism of peptide transport by the intestinal transporter Pept1 in fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Min He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Shen-Ping Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Zhou Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Qian Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Ding Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Fu-Fa Qu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Da-Fang Zhao
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Long Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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3
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Majoros A, Platanitis E, Kernbauer-Hölzl E, Rosebrock F, Müller M, Decker T. Canonical and Non-Canonical Aspects of JAK-STAT Signaling: Lessons from Interferons for Cytokine Responses. Front Immunol 2017; 8:29. [PMID: 28184222 PMCID: PMC5266721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signal transduction mediates cytokine responses. Canonical signaling is based on STAT tyrosine phosphorylation by activated JAKs. Downstream of interferon (IFN) receptors, activated JAKs cause the formation of the transcription factors IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), a heterotrimer of STAT1, STAT2 and interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) subunits, and gamma interferon-activated factor (GAF), a STAT1 homodimer. In recent years, several deviations from this paradigm were reported. These include kinase-independent JAK functions as well as extra- and intranuclear activities of U-STATs without phosphotyrosines. Additionally, transcriptional control by STAT complexes resembling neither GAF nor ISGF3 contributes to transcriptome changes in IFN-treated cells. Our review summarizes the contribution of non-canonical JAK-STAT signaling to the innate antimicrobial immunity imparted by IFN. Moreover, we touch upon functions of IFN pathway proteins beyond the IFN response. These include metabolic functions of IRF9 as well as the regulation of natural killer cell activity by kinase-dead TYK2 and different phosphorylation isoforms of STAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Majoros
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ekaterini Platanitis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Kernbauer-Hölzl
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Rosebrock
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Decker
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Yogo T, Nagamiya H, Seto M, Sasaki S, Shih-Chung H, Ohba Y, Tokunaga N, Lee GN, Rhim CY, Yoon CH, Cho SY, Skene R, Yamamoto S, Satou Y, Kuno M, Miyazaki T, Nakagawa H, Okabe A, Marui S, Aso K, Yoshida M. Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of 3-Amino-1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolopyridin-4-one Derivatives as Tyrosine Kinase 2 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 59:733-49. [PMID: 26701356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the discovery and optimization of 3-amino-1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolopyridin-4-one TYK2 inhibitors. High-throughput screening against TYK2 and JAK1-3 provided aminoindazole derivative 1 as a hit compound. Scaffold hopping of the aminoindazole core led to the discovery of 3-amino-1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolopyridin-4-one derivative 3 as a novel chemotype of TYK2 inhibitors. Interestingly, initial SAR study suggested that this scaffold could have a vertically flipped binding mode, which prompted us to introduce a substituent at the 7-position as a moiety directed toward the solvent-exposed region. Introduction of a 1-methyl-3-pyrazolyl moiety at the 7-position resulted in a dramatic increase in TYK2 inhibitory activity, and further optimization led to the discovery of 20. Compound 20 inhibited IL-23-induced IL-22 production in a rat PD assay, as well as inhibited IL-23 signaling in human PBMC. Furthermore, 20 showed selectivity for IL-23 signaling inhibition against GM-CSF, demonstrating the unique cytokine selectivity of the novel TYK2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Yogo
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nagamiya
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masaki Seto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Huang Shih-Chung
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yusuke Ohba
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Norihito Tokunaga
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Gil Nam Lee
- Chemizon , 3F Dongbang Rental Building, 333-1 Sangdaewon-Dong, Jungwon-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Kyunggi-Do 462-120, Korea
| | - Chul Yun Rhim
- Chemizon , 3F Dongbang Rental Building, 333-1 Sangdaewon-Dong, Jungwon-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Kyunggi-Do 462-120, Korea
| | - Cheol Hwan Yoon
- Chemizon , 3F Dongbang Rental Building, 333-1 Sangdaewon-Dong, Jungwon-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Kyunggi-Do 462-120, Korea
| | - Suk Young Cho
- Chemizon , 3F Dongbang Rental Building, 333-1 Sangdaewon-Dong, Jungwon-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Kyunggi-Do 462-120, Korea
| | - Robert Skene
- Takeda California , 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Syunsuke Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yousuke Satou
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masako Kuno
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miyazaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakagawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Okabe
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shogo Marui
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Aso
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masato Yoshida
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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5
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Keil E, Finkenstädt D, Wufka C, Trilling M, Liebfried P, Strobl B, Müller M, Pfeffer K. Important scaffold function of the Janus kinase 2 uncovered by a novel mouse model harboring a Jak2 activation-loop mutation. Blood 2014; 123:520-9. [PMID: 24169825 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-03-492157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinases (Jak) play essential roles in cytokine and growth factor signaling. Conventional gene targeting of Jak2, creating a null allele, leads to a block in definitive erythropoiesis as a result of failing signal transduction at the homomeric erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) and at the heteromeric interferon γ receptor (IFNGR). To investigate the in vivo relevance of the activation loop of Jak2, a Jak2-YY1007/1008FF knockin mutation was introduced into the germline of mice. The phenotype of the Jak2(FF/FF) mouse line reveals that tyrosine residues 1007/1008 are absolutely essential for kinase function and signal transduction at the homomeric EpoR. Detailed studies using the Jak2 activation loop mutant uncover an essential scaffolding function of Jak2 within the IFNGR receptor complex and reveal that Jak1 can mediate a semi-redundant function for IFNGR signal transduction. These studies are highly important for the molecular understanding of cytokine and growth factor signaling and provide new insights for future strategies in the design of pharmacological blockers of Jak2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Keil
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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6
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Hurley CA, Blair WS, Bull RJ, Chang C, Crackett PH, Deshmukh G, Dyke HJ, Fong R, Ghilardi N, Gibbons P, Hewitt PR, Johnson A, Johnson T, Kenny JR, Kohli PB, Kulagowski JJ, Liimatta M, Lupardus PJ, Maxey RJ, Mendonca R, Narukulla R, Pulk R, Ubhayakar S, van Abbema A, Ward SI, Waszkowycz B, Zak M. Novel triazolo-pyrrolopyridines as inhibitors of Janus kinase 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3592-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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7
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Conditional deletion of Jak2 reveals an essential role in hematopoiesis throughout mouse ontogeny: implications for Jak2 inhibition in humans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59675. [PMID: 23544085 PMCID: PMC3609865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline deletion of Jak2 in mice results in embryonic lethality at E12.5 due to impaired hematopoiesis. However, the role that Jak2 might play in late gestation and postnatal life is unknown. To understand this, we utilized a conditional knockout approach that allowed for the deletion of Jak2 at various stages of prenatal and postnatal life. Specifically, Jak2 was deleted beginning at either mid/late gestation (E12.5), at postnatal day 4 (PN4), or at ∼2 months of age. Deletion of Jak2 beginning at E12.5 resulted in embryonic death characterized by a lack of hematopoiesis. Deletion beginning at PN4 was also lethal due to a lack of erythropoiesis. Deletion of Jak2 in young adults was characterized by blood cytopenias, abnormal erythrocyte morphology, decreased marrow hematopoietic potential, and splenic atrophy. However, death was observed in only 20% of the mutants. Further analysis of these mice suggested that the increased survivability was due to an incomplete deletion of Jak2 and subsequent re-population of Jak2 expressing cells, as conditional deletion in mice having one floxed Jak2 allele and one null allele resulted in a more severe phenotype and subsequent death of all animals. We found that the deletion of Jak2 in the young adults had a differential effect on hematopoietic lineages; specifically, conditional Jak2 deletion in young adults severely impaired erythropoiesis and thrombopoiesis, modestly affected granulopoiesis and monocytopoiesis, and had no effect on lymphopoiesis. Interestingly, while the hematopoietic organs of these mutant animals were severely affected by the deletion of Jak2, we found that the hearts, kidneys, lungs, and brains of these same mice were histologically normal. From this, we conclude that Jak2 plays an essential and non-redundant role in hematopoiesis during both prenatal and postnatal life and this has direct implications regarding the inhibition of Jak2 in humans.
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Zak M, Mendonca R, Balazs M, Barrett K, Bergeron P, Blair WS, Chang C, Deshmukh G, DeVoss J, Dragovich PS, Eigenbrot C, Ghilardi N, Gibbons P, Gradl S, Hamman C, Hanan EJ, Harstad E, Hewitt PR, Hurley CA, Jin T, Johnson A, Johnson T, Kenny JR, Koehler MFT, Bir Kohli P, Kulagowski JJ, Labadie S, Liao J, Liimatta M, Lin Z, Lupardus PJ, Maxey RJ, Murray JM, Pulk R, Rodriguez M, Savage S, Shia S, Steffek M, Ubhayakar S, Ultsch M, van Abbema A, Ward SI, Xiao L, Xiao Y. Discovery and Optimization of C-2 Methyl Imidazopyrrolopyridines as Potent and Orally Bioavailable JAK1 Inhibitors with Selectivity over JAK2. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6176-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300628c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter R. Hewitt
- Argenta, 8/9 Spire Green
Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5TR, United
Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. Hurley
- Argenta, 8/9 Spire Green
Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5TR, United
Kingdom
| | - Tian Jin
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone,
Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | | | - Tony Johnson
- Argenta, 8/9 Spire Green
Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5TR, United
Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Janusz J. Kulagowski
- Argenta, 8/9 Spire Green
Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5TR, United
Kingdom
| | | | - Jiangpeng Liao
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone,
Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | - Robert J. Maxey
- Argenta, 8/9 Spire Green
Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5TR, United
Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stuart I. Ward
- Argenta, 8/9 Spire Green
Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5TR, United
Kingdom
| | - Ling Xiao
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone,
Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Yisong Xiao
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone,
Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
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9
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Prchal-Murphy M, Semper C, Lassnig C, Wallner B, Gausterer C, Teppner-Klymiuk I, Kobolak J, Müller S, Kolbe T, Karaghiosoff M, Dinnyés A, Rülicke T, Leitner NR, Strobl B, Müller M. TYK2 kinase activity is required for functional type I interferon responses in vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39141. [PMID: 22723949 PMCID: PMC3377589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family and is involved in cytokine signalling. In vitro analyses suggest that TYK2 also has kinase-independent, i.e., non-canonical, functions. We have generated gene-targeted mice harbouring a mutation in the ATP-binding pocket of the kinase domain. The Tyk2 kinase-inactive (Tyk2K923E) mice are viable and show no gross abnormalities. We show that kinase-active TYK2 is required for full-fledged type I interferon- (IFN) induced activation of the transcription factors STAT1-4 and for the in vivo antiviral defence against viruses primarily controlled through type I IFN actions. In addition, TYK2 kinase activity was found to be required for the protein’s stability. An inhibitory function was only observed upon over-expression of TYK2K923Ein vitro. Tyk2K923E mice represent the first model for studying the kinase-independent function of a JAK in vivo and for assessing the consequences of side effects of JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Prchal-Murphy
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Semper
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Wallner
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Gausterer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Julianna Kobolak
- Genetic Reprogramming Group Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Gödöllö, Hungary
| | - Simone Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Kolbe
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Agrobiotechnology IFA Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marina Karaghiosoff
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andras Dinnyés
- Genetic Reprogramming Group Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Gödöllö, Hungary
- Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent Istvan University, Gödöllö, Hungary
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllö, Hungary
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole R. Leitner
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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10
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McDoom I, Ma X, Kirabo A, Lee KY, Ostrov DA, Sayeski PP. Identification of tyrosine 972 as a novel site of Jak2 tyrosine kinase phosphorylation and its role in Jak2 activation. Biochemistry 2008; 47:8326-34. [PMID: 18636744 DOI: 10.1021/bi800867d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Jak2 is a 130 kDa tyrosine kinase that is important in a number of cellular signaling pathways. Its function is intrinsically regulated by the phosphorylation of a handful of its 49 tyrosines. Here, we report that tyrosine 972 (Y972) is a novel site of Jak2 phosphorylation and, hence, autoregulation. Specifically, we found that Y972 is phosphorylated and confirmed that this residue resides on the surface of the protein. Using expression plasmids that expressed either wild-type Jak2 or a full-length Jak2 cDNA containing a single Y972F substitution mutation, we investigated the consequences of losing Y972 phosphorylation on Jak2 function. We determined that the loss of Y972 phosphorylation significantly reduced the levels of both Jak2 total tyrosine phosphorylation and phosphorylation of Y1007/Y1008. Additionally, Y972 phosphorylation was shown to be important for maximal kinase function. Interestingly, in response to classical cytokine activation, the Jak2 Y972F mutant exhibited a moderately impaired level of activation when compared to the wild-type protein. However, when Jak2 was activated via a GPCR ligand, the ability of the Y972F mutant to be activated was completely lost, therefore suggesting a differential role of Y972 in Jak2 activation. Finally, we found that phosphorylation of Y972 enhances Jak2 kinase function via a mechanism that appears to stabilize the active conformation of the protein. Collectively, our results suggest that Y972 is a novel site of Jak2 phosphorylation and plays an important differential role in ligand-dependent Jak2 activation via a mechanism that involves stabilization of the Jak2 active conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam McDoom
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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