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Tomasello B, Bellia F, Naletova I, Magrì A, Tabbì G, Attanasio F, Tomasello MF, Cairns WRL, Fortino M, Pietropaolo A, Greco V, La Mendola D, Sciuto S, Arena G, Rizzarelli E. BDNF- and VEGF-Responsive Stimulus to an NGF Mimic Cyclic Peptide with Copper Ionophore Capability and Ctr1/CCS-Driven Signaling. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1755-1769. [PMID: 38602894 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins are a family of growth factors that play a key role in the development and regulation of the functioning of the central nervous system. Their use as drugs is made difficult by their poor stability, cellular permeability, and side effects. Continuing our effort to use peptides that mimic the neurotrophic growth factor (NGF), the family model protein, and specifically the N-terminus of the protein, here we report on the spectroscopic characterization and resistance to hydrolysis of the 14-membered cyclic peptide reproducing the N-terminus sequence (SSSHPIFHRGEFSV (c-NGF(1-14)). Far-UV CD spectra and a computational study show that this peptide has a rigid conformation and left-handed chirality typical of polyproline II that favors its interaction with the D5 domain of the NGF receptor TrkA. c-NGF(1-14) is able to bind Cu2+ with good affinity; the resulting complexes have been characterized by potentiometric and spectroscopic measurements. Experiments on PC12 cells show that c-NGF(1-14) acts as an ionophore, influencing the degree and the localization of both the membrane transporter (Ctr1) and the copper intracellular transporter (CCS). c-NGF(1-14) induces PC12 differentiation, mimics the protein in TrkA phosphorylation, and activates the kinase cascade, inducing Erk1/2 phosphorylation. c-NGF(1-14) biological activities are enhanced when the peptide interacts with Cu2+ even with the submicromolar quantities present in the culture media as demonstrated by ICP-OES measurements. Finally, c-NGF(1-14) and Cu2+ concur to activate the cAMP response element-binding protein CREB that, in turn, induces the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, V.le Andrea Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Francesco Bellia
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, P. Gaifami 18, Catania 95126, Italy
| | - Irina Naletova
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, P. Gaifami 18, Catania 95126, Italy
| | - Antonio Magrì
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, P. Gaifami 18, Catania 95126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tabbì
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, P. Gaifami 18, Catania 95126, Italy
| | | | | | - Warren R L Cairns
- Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP), c/o Campus Scientifico, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Via Torino, Venezia Mestre 155-30170, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Fortino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Adriana Pietropaolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Diego La Mendola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pisa, Bonanno Pisano 12, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciuto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, P. Gaifami 18, Catania 95126, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy
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2
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Terracina S, Ferraguti G, Tarani L, Fanfarillo F, Tirassa P, Ralli M, Iannella G, Polimeni A, Lucarelli M, Greco A, Fiore M. Nerve Growth Factor and Autoimmune Diseases. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8950-8973. [PMID: 37998739 PMCID: PMC10670231 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
NGF plays a crucial immunomodulatory role and increased levels are found in numerous tissues during autoimmune states. NGF directly modulates innate and adaptive immune responses of B and T cells and causes the release of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters controlling the immune system activation in inflamed tissues. Evidence suggests that NGF is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous immune diseases including autoimmune thyroiditis, chronic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, mastocytosis, and chronic granulomatous disease. Furthermore, as NGF levels have been linked to disease severity, it could be considered an optimal early biomarker to identify therapeutic approach efficacy. In conclusion, by gaining insights into how these molecules function and which cells they interact with, future studies can devise targeted therapies to address various neurological, immunological, and other disorders more effectively. This knowledge may pave the way for innovative treatments based on NGF manipulation aimed at improving the quality of life for individuals affected by diseases involving neurotrophins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Terracina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Fanfarillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Tirassa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giannicola Iannella
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Ustaoglu A, Woodland P. Sensory Phenotype of the Oesophageal Mucosa in Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032502. [PMID: 36768825 PMCID: PMC9917190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) affects up to 20% of Western populations, yet sensory mechanisms underlying heartburn pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. While central mechanisms of heartburn perception have been established in earlier studies, recent studies have highlighted an important role of neurochemical, inflammatory, and cellular changes occurring in the oesophageal mucosa itself. The localization and neurochemical characterisation of sensory afferent nerve endings differ among GORD phenotypes, and could explain symptom heterogeneity among patients who are exposed to similar levels of reflux. Acid-induced stimulation of nociceptors on pain-sensing nerve endings can regulate afferent signal transmission. This review considers the role of peripheral mechanisms of sensitization in the amplification of oesophageal sensitivity in patients with GORD.
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4
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Dokaneheifard S, Soltani BM. Implication of TrkC-miR2 in neurotrophin signalling pathway regulation through NGFR transcript targeting. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3381-3390. [PMID: 33675128 PMCID: PMC8034437 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TrkC and NGFR neurotrophin receptors are associated with cell death, cancer and differentiation. TrkC-miR2, which is located in TrkC gene, is known to regulate Wnt signalling pathway, and its influence on other signalling pathways is under investigation. Here, through RT-qPCR, dual-luciferase assay and Western blotting we reveal that TrkC-miR2 targets NGFR. Overexpression of TrkC-miR2 also affected TrkA, TrkC, NFKB, BCL2 and Akt2 expressions involved in neurotrophin signalling pathway, and elevated survival rate of HEK293t and U87 cells was distinguished by flow cytometry and MTT assay. Consistently, an opposite expression correlation was obtained between TrkC-miR2 and NGFR or TrkC for the duration of NT2 differentiation. Meanwhile, TrkC-miR2 down-regulation attenuated NT2 differentiation into neural-like cells. Overall, here we present in silico and experimental evidence showing TrkC-miR2 as a new controller in regulation of neurotrophin signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadat Dokaneheifard
- Department of Molecular GeneticsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
- Medical Biology Research CenterKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Bahram M. Soltani
- Department of Molecular GeneticsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
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Long X, Li M, Li LX, Sun YY, Zhang WX, Zhao DY, Li YQ. Butyrate promotes visceral hypersensitivity in an IBS-like model via enteric glial cell-derived nerve growth factor. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13227. [PMID: 29052293 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered visceral sensation is common in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and nerve growth factor (NGF) participates in visceral pain development. Sodium butyrate (NaB) could induce colonic hypersensitivity via peripheral up-regulation of NGF in animals. Enteric glial cells (EGCs) appear to be an important source of NGF. Whether butyrate could induce visceral hypersensitivity via increased EGC-derived NGF is still unknown. METHODS CRL-2690 cells were used for transcriptome analyses after butyrate treatment. Rats received butyrate enemas to induce colonic hypersensitivity. Colorectal distention test was performed to assess visceral sensitivity. Immunofluorescence studies were used to evaluate the co-expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and NGF or growth associated protein 43 in animal model. NGF expression in rat colon was also investigated. In vitro, CRL-2690 cells were stimulated with NaB or trichostatin A (TSA). NGF or GFAP expression was also examined. KEY RESULTS Transcriptome analyses showed that butyrate induced marked changes of genes expression related to neurotrophic signaling pathways. NaB-treated rats showed increased visceral sensitivity. An improved NGF expression level was observed in NaB-treated rats. Meanwhile, a 2.1-fold increase in co-expression of GFAP and NGF was also determined in rats received NaB enemas. In cultured cells, both NaB and TSA treatment could cause obvious NGF expression. Thus, butyrate might regulate EGC function via histone deacetylase inhibition. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Butyrate-EGC interplay may play a pivotal role in regulation of NGF expression and the development of colonic hypersensitivity in IBS-like animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - L-X Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Y-Y Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - W-X Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - D-Y Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Puyang Oilfield, Puyang, China
| | - Y-Q Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Gu X, Wang X, Su D, Su X, Lin L, Li S, Wu Q, Liu S, Zhang P, Zhu X, Jiang X. CBX2 Inhibits Neurite Development by Regulating Neuron-Specific Genes Expression. Front Mol Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29541019 PMCID: PMC5835719 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins regulate the epigenetic status of transcription regulatory states during development. Progression from pluripotency to differentiation requires the sequential activation and repression of different PcG target genes, however, the relationship between early patterning signals, PcG expression, and the development of the central nervous system is still unclear. Using various models of neuronal differentiation, we provide evidence that CBX2 is a negative regulator of neuronal differentiation. Knock-down of CBX2 expression promotes neurite development, while overexpression of CBX2 inhibits neurite development. Further, we found that CBX2 is a direct target gene of miR-124. During neuronal differentiation, CBX2 was decreased while miR-124 was increased. Mechanistically, CBX2 directly interacts with the promoter region of several neuro-associated genes and regulates their expression. We found that the neuron-specific GAP-43 gene could contribute to the stimulating effect on neurite development associated with inhibition of CBX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dazhuang Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Su
- Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lifang Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuji Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoqi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhu Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peidong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhong Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
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Torres OV, Jayanthi S, McCoy MT, Cadet JL. Selective Activation of Striatal NGF-TrkA/p75NTR/MAPK Intracellular Signaling in Rats That Show Suppression of Methamphetamine Intake 30 Days following Drug Abstinence. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 21:281-290. [PMID: 29165617 PMCID: PMC5838829 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuing epidemic of methamphetamine addiction has prompted research aimed at understanding striatal dysfunctions potentially associated with long-term methamphetamine use. METHODS Here, we investigated transcriptional and translational alterations in the expression of neurotrophic factors in the rat striatum at 30 days following methamphetamine self-administration and footshock punishment. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer methamphetamine (0.1 mg/kg/injection, i.v.) or saline during twenty-two 9-hour sessions. Subsequently, rats were subjected to incremental footshocks for 13 additional methamphetamine self-administration sessions. This paradigm led to the identification of rats with shock-resistant and shock-sensitive phenotypes. Thirty days following the last footshock session, the dorsal striatum was dissected and processed for gene expression and protein analyses. RESULTS PCR arrays revealed significant differences in neurotrophins and their receptors between the 2 phenotypes. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor protein levels were increased in the dorsal striatum of both shock-resistant and shock-sensitive rats. However, neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 phosphorylation and nerve growth factor receptor protein expression were increased only in the shock-sensitive phenotype. Moreover, shock-sensitive rats showed increased abundance of several phosphorylated proteins known to participate in Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade including cRaf, ERK1/2, MSK1, and CREB. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the notion that animals with distinct phenotypes for methamphetamine intake in the presence of adverse consequences also display differential changes in an intracellular signaling cascade activated by nerve growth factor-TrkA/p75NTR interactions. Thus, the development of pharmacological agents that can activate nerve growth factor-dependent pathways may be a promising therapeutic approach to combat methamphetamine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar V Torres
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Subramaniam Jayanthi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael T McCoy
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland,Correspondence: Jean Lud Cadet, MD, Chief, Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, DHHS/NIH/NIDA IRP, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224 ()
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Gugliandolo A, Diomede F, Cardelli P, Bramanti A, Scionti D, Bramanti P, Trubiani O, Mazzon E. Transcriptomic analysis of gingival mesenchymal stem cells cultured on 3D bioprinted scaffold: A promising strategy for neuroregeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:126-137. [PMID: 28879677 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The combined approach of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and scaffolds has been proposed as a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, even if MSCs can promote neuronal regeneration, replacing lost neurons or secreting neurotrophic factors, many limitations still exist for their application in regenerative medicine, including the low survival and differentiation rate. The scaffolds, by mimicking the endogenous microenvironment, have shown to promote cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. In this work, gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs), isolated from healthy donors, were expanded in vitro, by culturing them adherent in plastic dishes (CTR-GMSCs) or on a poly(lactic acid) scaffold (SC-GMSCs). In order to evaluate the survival and the neurogenic differentiation potential, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis between CTR-GMSCs and SC-GMSCs by next generation sequencing. We found that SC-GMSCs showed an increased expression of neurogenic and prosurvival genes. In particular, genes involved in neurotrophin signaling and PI3K/Akt pathways were upregulated. On the contrary, proapoptotic and negative regulator of neuronal growth genes were downregulated. Moreover, nestin and GAP-43 protein levels increased in SC-GMSCs, confirming the neurogenic commitment of these cells. In conclusion, the scaffold, providing a trophic support for MSCs, may promote GMSCs differentiation toward a neuronal phenotype and survival. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 126-137, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Gugliandolo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo," Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio," Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo Cardelli
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio," Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo," Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.,Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems "ISASI Eduardo Caianiello,", National Research Council of Italy, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Scionti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo," Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo," Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio," Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo," Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
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Xiang J, Yang S, Xin N, Gaertig MA, Reeves RH, Li S, Li XJ. DYRK1A regulates Hap1-Dcaf7/WDR68 binding with implication for delayed growth in Down syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1224-E1233. [PMID: 28137862 PMCID: PMC5321030 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614893114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (Hap1) is known to be critical for postnatal hypothalamic function and growth. Hap1 forms stigmoid bodies (SBs), unique neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions of unknown function that are enriched in hypothalamic neurons. Here we developed a simple strategy to isolate the SB-enriched fraction from mouse brain. By analyzing Hap1 immunoprecipitants from this fraction, we identified a Hap1-interacting SB component, DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 7 (Dcaf7)/WD40 repeat 68 (WDR68), whose protein level and nuclear translocation are regulated by Hap1. Moreover, we found that Hap1 bound Dcaf7 competitively in cytoplasm with dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), a protein implicated in Down syndrome (DS). Depleting Hap1 promoted the DYRK1A-Dcaf7 interaction and increased the DYRK1A protein level. Transgenic DS mice overexpressing DYRK1A showed reduced Hap1-Dcaf7 association in the hypothalamus. Furthermore, the overexpression of DYRK1A in the hypothalamus led to delayed growth in postnatal mice, suggesting that DYRK1A regulates the Hap1-Dcaf7 interaction and postnatal growth and that targeting Hap1 or Dcaf7 could ameliorate growth retardation in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Xiang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Su Yang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Ning Xin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Marta A Gaertig
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Roger H Reeves
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Shihua Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322;
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322;
- Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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10
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In silico analyses and global transcriptional profiling reveal novel putative targets for Pea3 transcription factor related to its function in neurons. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170585. [PMID: 28158215 PMCID: PMC5291419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pea3 transcription factor belongs to the PEA3 subfamily within the ETS domain transcription factor superfamily, and has been largely studied in relation to its role in breast cancer metastasis. Nonetheless, Pea3 plays a role not only in breast tumor, but also in other tissues with branching morphogenesis, including kidneys, blood vasculature, bronchi and the developing nervous system. Identification of Pea3 target promoters in these systems are important for a thorough understanding of how Pea3 functions. Present study particularly focuses on the identification of novel neuronal targets of Pea3 in a combinatorial approach, through curation, computational analysis and microarray studies in a neuronal model system, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We not only show that quite a number of genes in cancer, immune system and cell cycle pathways, among many others, are either up- or down-regulated by Pea3, but also identify novel targets including ephrins and ephrin receptors, semaphorins, cell adhesion molecules, as well as metalloproteases such as kallikreins, to be among potential target promoters in neuronal systems. Our overall results indicate that rather than early stages of neurite extension and axonal guidance, Pea3 is more involved in target identification and synaptic maturation.
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11
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Fan LY, Wang ZC, Wang P, Lan YY, Tu L. Exogenous nerve growth factor protects the hypoglossal nerve against crush injury. Neural Regen Res 2016; 10:1982-8. [PMID: 26889186 PMCID: PMC4730822 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.172316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that sensory nerve damage can activate the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, but whether the same type of nerve injury after exercise activates the p38MAPK pathway remains unclear. Several studies have demonstrated that nerve growth factor may play a role in the repair process after peripheral nerve injury, but there has been little research focusing on the hypoglossal nerve injury and repair. In this study, we designed and established rat models of hypoglossal nerve crush injury and gave intraperitoneal injections of exogenous nerve growth factor to rats for 14 days. p38MAPK activity in the damaged neurons was increased following hypoglossal nerve crush injury; exogenous nerve growth factor inhibited this increase in acitivity and increased the survival rate of motor neurons within the hypoglossal nucleus. Under transmission electron microscopy, we found that the injection of nerve growth factor contributed to the restoration of the morphology of hypoglossal nerve after crush injury. Our experimental findings indicate that exogenous nerve growth factor can protect damaged neurons and promote hypoglossal nerve regeneration following hypoglossal nerve crush injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yuan Fan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China; Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhong-Chao Wang
- Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China; Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Pin Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China; Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu-Yan Lan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China; Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ling Tu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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12
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Rauch AK, Rosskothen-Kuhl N, Illing RB. Counter-regulation of the AP-1 monomers pATF2 and Fos: Molecular readjustment of brainstem neurons in hearing and deaf adult rats after electrical intracochlear stimulation. Neuroscience 2016; 313:184-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Williams KR, McAninch DS, Stefanovic S, Xing L, Allen M, Li W, Feng Y, Mihailescu MR, Bassell GJ. hnRNP-Q1 represses nascent axon growth in cortical neurons by inhibiting Gap-43 mRNA translation. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 27:518-34. [PMID: 26658614 PMCID: PMC4751602 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-07-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel posttranscriptional mechanism for regulating the neuronal protein GAP-43 is reported. The mRNA-binding protein hnRNP-Q1 represses Gap-43 mRNA translation by a mechanism involving a 5′ untranslated region G-quadruplex structure, which affects GAP-43 function, as demonstrated by a GAP-43–dependent increase in neurite length and number with hnRNP-Q1 knockdown. Posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by mRNA-binding proteins is critical for neuronal development and function. hnRNP-Q1 is an mRNA-binding protein that regulates mRNA processing events, including translational repression. hnRNP-Q1 is highly expressed in brain tissue, suggesting a function in regulating genes critical for neuronal development. In this study, we have identified Growth-associated protein 43 (Gap-43) mRNA as a novel target of hnRNP-Q1 and have demonstrated that hnRNP-Q1 represses Gap-43 mRNA translation and consequently GAP-43 function. GAP-43 is a neuronal protein that regulates actin dynamics in growth cones and facilitates axonal growth. Previous studies have identified factors that regulate Gap-43 mRNA stability and localization, but it remains unclear whether Gap-43 mRNA translation is also regulated. Our results reveal that hnRNP-Q1 knockdown increased nascent axon length, total neurite length, and neurite number in mouse embryonic cortical neurons and enhanced Neuro2a cell process extension; these phenotypes were rescued by GAP-43 knockdown. Additionally, we have identified a G-quadruplex structure in the 5′ untranslated region of Gap-43 mRNA that directly interacts with hnRNP-Q1 as a means to inhibit Gap-43 mRNA translation. Therefore hnRNP-Q1–mediated repression of Gap-43 mRNA translation provides an additional mechanism for regulating GAP-43 expression and function and may be critical for neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Williams
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Damian S McAninch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282
| | - Snezana Stefanovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Megan Allen
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Wenqi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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14
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Dothel G, Barbaro MR, Boudin H, Vasina V, Cremon C, Gargano L, Bellacosa L, De Giorgio R, Le Berre-Scoul C, Aubert P, Neunlist M, De Ponti F, Stanghellini V, Barbara G. Nerve fiber outgrowth is increased in the intestinal mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:1002-1011.e4. [PMID: 25655556 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mediators released by the intestinal mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affect the function of enteric and extrinsic sensory nerves, which can contribute to the development of symptoms. Little is known about the effects of mucosal mediators on intestinal neuroplasticity. We investigated how these mediators affect the phenotypes of colonic mucosa nerve fibers, neuron differentiation, and fiber outgrowth. METHODS We analyzed mucosal biopsy samples collected from 101 patients with IBS and 23 asymptomatic healthy individuals (controls). We measured levels of neuronal-specific enolase, growth-associated protein 43, nerve growth factor (NGF), and tyrosine kinase receptor A (NTRK1) by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Primary rat enteric neurons and human SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with supernatants from the mucosal biopsies and analyzed by morphometric and polymerase chain reaction analyses. RESULTS Compared with mucosal tissues of controls, mucosa from patients with IBS had a significant increase in the area of lamina propria occupied by neuronal-specific enolase-positive (57.7% increase) and growth-associated protein 43-positive fibers (56.1% increase) and staining density of NGF (89.3% increase) (P < .05 for all). Levels of NGF protein were also increased in tissues from patients with IBS vs controls (18% increase; P = .16) along with levels of NTRK1 (64% increase; P < .05). Mucosal supernatants from tissues of patients with IBS induced higher levels of neuritogenesis in primary culture of enteric neurons, compared with controls, and more NGF-dependent neuronal sprouting in SH-SY5Y cells. CONCLUSIONS Nerve fiber density and sprouting, as well as expression of NGF and NTRK1, are significantly increased in mucosal tissues of patients with IBS. Mucosal mediators participate to these neuroplastic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Dothel
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Hélène Boudin
- Inserm, U913, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif du CHU de Nantes; University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Valentina Vasina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesare Cremon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Gargano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Lara Bellacosa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Catherine Le Berre-Scoul
- Inserm, U913, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif du CHU de Nantes; University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Aubert
- Inserm, U913, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif du CHU de Nantes; University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Inserm, U913, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif du CHU de Nantes; University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Fabrizio De Ponti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Stanghellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Italy.
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15
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Tetramethylpyrazine promotes SH-SY5Y cell differentiation into neurons through epigenetic regulation of Topoisomerase IIβ. Neuroscience 2014; 278:179-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Song C, Yang Z, Zhong M, Chen Z. Sericin protects against diabetes-induced injuries in sciatic nerve and related nerve cells. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:506-13. [PMID: 25206693 PMCID: PMC4146054 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sericin from discarded silkworm cocoons of silk reeling has been used in different fields, such as cosmetology, skin care, nutrition, and oncology. The present study established a rat model of type 2 diabetes by consecutive intraperitoneal injections of low-dose (25 mg/kg) streptozotocin. After intragastrical perfusion of sericin for 35 days, blood glucose levels significantly declined, and the expression of neurofilament protein in the sciatic nerve and nerve growth factor in L4-6 spinal ganglion and anterior horn cells significantly increased. However, the expression of neuropeptide Y in spinal ganglion and anterior horn cells significantly decreased in model rats. These findings indicate that sericin protected the sciatic nerve and related nerve cells against injury in a rat type 2 diabetic model by upregulating the expression of neurofilament protein in the sciatic nerve and nerve growth factor in spinal ganglion and anterior horn cells, and downregulating the expression of neuropeptide Y in spinal ganglion and anterior horn cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhenjun Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Meirong Zhong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
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17
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Gap43 transcription modulation in the adult brain depends on sensory activity and synaptic cooperation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92624. [PMID: 24647228 PMCID: PMC3960265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain development and learning is accompanied by morphological and molecular changes in neurons. The growth associated protein 43 (Gap43), indicator of neurite elongation and synapse formation, is highly expressed during early stages of development. Upon maturation of the brain, Gap43 is down-regulated by most neurons with the exception of subdivisions such as the CA3 region of hippocampus, the lateral superior olive (LSO) and the central inferior colliculus (CIC). Little is known about the regulation of this mRNA in adult brains. We found that the expression of Gap43 mRNA in specific neurons can be modulated by changing sensory activity of the adult brain. Using the central auditory system of rats as a model, Gap43 protein and mRNA levels were determined in LSO and CIC of hearing-experienced rats unilaterally or bilaterally deafened or unilaterally stimulated by a cochlear implant (CI). Our data indicate that Gap43 is a marker useful beyond monitoring neuronal growth and synaptogenesis, reflecting also specific patterns of synaptic activities on specific neurons. Thus, unilateral loss of input to an adult auditory system directly causes asymmetrical expression of Gap43 mRNA between LSOs or CICs on both sides of the brainstem. This consequence can be prevented by simple-patterned stimulation of a dysfunctional ear by way of a CI. We suggest that as a function of input balance and activity pattern, Gap43 mRNA expression changes as cells associate converging afferent signals.
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18
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Takeshita M, Banno Y, Nakamura M, Otsuka M, Teramachi H, Tsuchiya T, Itoh Y. The pivotal role of intracellular calcium in oxaliplatin-induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth but not cell death in differentiated PC12 cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1845-52. [PMID: 21981408 DOI: 10.1021/tx200160g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The antineoplastic efficacy of oxaliplatin, a widely used anticancer drug, is restricted by its adverse effects such as peripheral neuropathy. Infusing a combination of calcium gluconate and magnesium sulfate (Ca/Mg) suppresses the acute neurotoxic side effects of oxaliplatin, although the mechanism is unclear. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity and the effects of Ca/Mg against this toxicity, we examined the effect of Ca/Mg on oxaliplatin-induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells, a commonly used neuronal cell model. Oxaliplatin and oxalate suppressed nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth and reduced the NGF-mediated increase in the intracellular calcium concentration [Ca(2+)](i). A calcium-chelating agent, BAPTA/AM, also exhibited similar inhibitory effects on neurite outgrowth and [Ca(2+)](i). The addition of Ca/Mg attenuated these inhibitions induced by oxaliplatin and oxalate. The NGF-induced upregulation of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) was suppressed by oxaliplatin and oxalate. Oxaliplatin, but not oxalate, suppressed NGF-stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation, and this inhibition was not affected by Ca/Mg. Ca/Mg did not modify the oxaliplatin-induced loss of cell viability or apoptosis in PC12 or HCT-116 cells, a human colorectal cancer cell line. These results suggest that the inhibition of neurite outgrowth but not tumor cell death induced by oxaliplatin is partly associated with reductions in [Ca(2+)](i) and GAP-43 expression, and this inhibition was suppressed by the addition of Ca/Mg. Therefore, it may be assumed that Ca/Mg is useful for protecting against oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity without reducing the antitumor activity of oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Takeshita
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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19
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Koeppel M, van Heeringen SJ, Kramer D, Smeenk L, Janssen-Megens E, Hartmann M, Stunnenberg HG, Lohrum M. Crosstalk between c-Jun and TAp73alpha/beta contributes to the apoptosis-survival balance. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:6069-85. [PMID: 21459846 PMCID: PMC3152320 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53-family member p73 plays a role in various cellular signaling pathways during development and growth control and it can have tumor suppressor properties. Several isoforms of p73 exist with considerable differences in their function. Whereas the functions of the N-terminal isoforms (TA and ΔNp73) and their opposing pro- and antiapoptotic roles have become evident, the functional differences of the distinct C-terminal splice forms of TAp73 have remained unclear. Here, we characterized the global genomic binding sites for TAp73α and TAp73β by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing as well as the transcriptional responses by performing RNA sequencing. We identified a specific p73 consensus binding motif and found a strong enrichment of AP1 motifs in close proximity to binding sites for TAp73α. These AP1 motif-containing target genes are selectively upregulated by TAp73α, while their mRNA expression is repressed upon TAp73β induction. We show that their expression is dependent on endogenous c-Jun and that recruitment of c-Jun to the respective AP1 sites was impaired upon TAp73β expression, in part due to downregulation of c-Jun. Several of these AP1-site containing TAp73α-induced genes impinge on apoptosis induction, suggesting an underlying molecular mechanism for the observed functional differences between TAp73α and TAp73β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Koeppel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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20
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Iraci N, Diolaiti D, Papa A, Porro A, Valli E, Gherardi S, Herold S, Eilers M, Bernardoni R, Della Valle G, Perini G. A SP1/MIZ1/MYCN repression complex recruits HDAC1 at the TRKA and p75NTR promoters and affects neuroblastoma malignancy by inhibiting the cell response to NGF. Cancer Res 2010; 71:404-12. [PMID: 21123453 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. One important factor that predicts a favorable prognosis is the robust expression of the TRKA and p75NTR neurotrophin receptor genes. Interestingly, TRKA and p75NTR expression is often attenuated in aggressive MYCN-amplified tumors, suggesting a causal link between elevated MYCN activity and the transcriptional repression of TRKA and p75NTR, but the precise mechanisms involved are unclear. Here, we show that MYCN acts directly to repress TRKA and p75NTR gene transcription. Specifically, we found that MYCN levels were critical for repression and that MYCN targeted proximal/core promoter regions by forming a repression complex with transcription factors SP1 and MIZ1. When bound to the TRKA and p75NTR promoters, MYCN recruited the histone deacetylase HDAC1 to induce a repressed chromatin state. Forced re-expression of endogenous TRKA and p75NTR with exposure to the HDAC inhibitor TSA sensitized neuroblastoma cells to NGF-mediated apoptosis. By directly connecting MYCN to the repression of TRKA and p75NTR, our findings establish a key pathway of clinical pathogenicity and aggressiveness in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Iraci
- University of Bologna, Department of Biology, Bologna, Italy
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21
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Jung EJ, Kim CW. Caveolin-1 inhibits TrkA-induced cell death by influencing on TrkA modification associated with tyrosine-490 phosphorylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 402:736-41. [PMID: 20977883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1, a main structural protein constituent of caveolae, plays an important role in the signal transduction, endocytosis, and cholesterol transport. In addition, caveolin-1 has conflictive role in the regulation of cell survival and death depending on intracellular signaling pathways. The receptor tyrosine kinase TrkA has been known to interact with caveolin-1, and exploits multiple functions such as cell survival, death and differentiation. In this report, we investigated how TrkA-induced cell death signaling is regulated by caveolin-1 in both TrkA and caveolin-1 overexpressing stable U2OS cells. Here we show that TrkA co-localizes with caveolin-1 mostly as a large aggresome around nucleus by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Interestingly, TrkA-mediated Bak cleavage was suppressed by caveolin-1, indicating an inhibition of TrkA-induced cell death signaling by caveolin-1. Moreover, caveolin-1 altered TrkA modification including tyrosine-490 phosphorylation and unidentified cleavage(s), resulting in the inhibition of TrkA-induced apoptotic cell death. Our results suggest that caveolin-1 could suppress TrkA-mediated pleiotypic effects by altering TrkA modification via functional interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Gyeongsang National University, School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
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22
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Reddy EM, Chettiar ST, Kaur N, Shepal V, Shiras A. Dlxin-1, a MAGE family protein, induces accelerated neurite outgrowth and cell survival by enhanced and early activation of MEK and Akt signalling pathways in PC12 cells. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:2220-36. [PMID: 20595047 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dlxin-1 (also known as NRAGE or MAGED1) is a member of Type II melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) family of proteins characterized by presence of a unique region of about 200 amino acids known as the MAGE homology domain (MHD). Dlxin-1 is associated with a large number of diverse cellular functions ranging from transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and differentiation to developmental apoptosis. While there are numerous studies reporting the role of NRAGE in facilitating cell death by interaction with p75NTR, we found varied effects of Dlxin-1 over-expression on PC12 cells grown in presence of NGF. These include induction of increased cell survival in presence of NGF and accelerated neuronal differentiation. We here categorically demonstrate that the effects on neuritogenesis are promoted through interactions of Dlxin-1 with the neurotrophin receptor TrkA. Further, using pharmacological inhibitors to specific pathways, we delineate the effects on enhanced neuritogenesis to the early and sustained activation of MEK pathway whereas the effects on cell survival to the early activation of Akt pathway. Next, we demonstrate a physical interaction of necdin with Dlxin-1 in PC12 cells. Our results establish that Dlxin-1 is an enhancer of neuronal differentiation and suggests that its possible interaction with NGF and necdin is critical in mediating pathways involved in neuronal survival and differentiation. Further in-depth analyses of the activation of various signalling pathways mediated through interaction with Dlxin-1 may provide valuable insight on the mechanisms that govern decisions regarding neuronal survival, growth, differentiation or apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maheswara Reddy
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), NCCS Complex, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India.
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23
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Rocchi A, Manara MC, Sciandra M, Zambelli D, Nardi F, Nicoletti G, Garofalo C, Meschini S, Astolfi A, Colombo MP, Lessnick SL, Picci P, Scotlandi K. CD99 inhibits neural differentiation of human Ewing sarcoma cells and thereby contributes to oncogenesis. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:668-80. [PMID: 20197622 DOI: 10.1172/jci36667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is an aggressive bone tumor of uncertain cellular origin. CD99 is a membrane protein that is expressed in most cases of EWS, although its function in the disease is unknown. Here we have shown that endogenous CD99 expression modulates EWS tumor differentiation and malignancy. We determined that knocking down CD99 expression in human EWS cell lines reduced their ability to form tumors and bone metastases when xenografted into immunodeficient mice and diminished their tumorigenic characteristics in vitro. Further, reduction of CD99 expression resulted in neurite outgrowth and increased expression of beta-III tubulin and markers of neural differentiation. Analysis of a panel of human EWS cells revealed an inverse correlation between CD99 and H-neurofilament expression, as well as an inverse correlation between neural differentiation and oncogenic transformation. As knockdown of CD99 also led to an increase in phosphorylation of ERK1/2, we suggest that the CD99-mediated prevention of neural differentiation of EWS occurs through MAPK pathway modulation. Together, these data indicate a new role for CD99 in preventing neural differentiation of EWS cells and suggest that blockade of CD99 or its downstream molecular pathway may be a new therapeutic approach for EWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rocchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, SSN Emilia Romagna Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli IRCCS, Bologna, Italy
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24
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Tyrosine kinase nerve growth factor receptor switches from prosurvival to proapoptotic activity via Abeta-mediated phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:11358-63. [PMID: 19549834 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0904998106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study shows that increased Abeta production in hippocampal neurons, due to a failure of NGF signal, induces an unexpected phosphorylation of tyrosine kinase receptor A (TrkA), followed by activation of the phospholipase C gamma (PLCgamma) pathway and neuronal death. Such phosphorylation seems causally connected with 2 kinases known be involved in amyloidogenesis, Src and CDK5, and associated with alpha and gamma secretase-mediated p75 processing. Pharmacologic inhibition of TrkA phosphorylation and partial silencing of TrkA and/or p75 receptors prevent PLCgamma activation and protect neurons from death. Concomitantly with these events, TrkA, p75, Abeta peptides, and PS1 protein coimmunoprecipitate, suggesting their direct interplay in the subsequent onset of apoptotic death. Together, these findings depict a cellular mechanism whereby the same cellular transducing system may invert its intracellular message from trophic and antiapoptotic to a death signaling, which could also have relevance in the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
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25
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Longart M, García L, Castillo C, Martínez JC, Medina R, Forsyth P, Malavé C. Sciatic nerve conditioned medium depleted of pro-NGF modulates sodium currents and neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Neuroscience 2009; 159:550-8. [PMID: 19171180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 12/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Excitability and axon/dendrite specification are the most distinctive features in the establishment of neuronal polarization. Conditioned medium from rat sciatic nerve (CM) induced a neuronal-like morphology in PC12 cells. Here we show that CM neuritogenic activity is limited to the induction of dendrites in PC12 cells. However, treatment of these cells with CM in combination with a generic inhibitor for tyrosine kinase receptors (k252a) promoted the enhancement of neurite length, development of axons and induction of sodium currents. On the other hand, specific inhibition of TrkA and p75(NTR) receptors in CM-treated cells reduced the neurite length in comparison with cells treated only with CM, although the effect over the induction of sodium currents was continuously observed. These results suggested that CM had some components that, even though are able to start the morphological cell differentiation and produce short neurites (likely acting through TrkA and p75(NTR)), can restrain further neurite extension. Depletion of pro-NGF isoforms from CM produced a similar effect as the exerted by k252a, TrkA and p75(NTR) receptor inhibitors in CM-treated cells, inducing the elicitation of sodium currents. These results suggested that the effect of CM might be mediated through pro-NGF. The difference between the results obtained with the generic inhibitor for Trk receptors and the specific inhibitors for TrkA and p75(NTR) receptors in CM-treated cells, suggested that alternative pathways could be used to regulate neurite elongation, axon specification and sodium currents in PC12 cells. These findings represent important clues to improve the understanding of the initiation of neuronal polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Longart
- Unidad de Neurociencias, Centro de Biociencias y Medicina Molecular, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados, Apartado 17606, Caracas 1015 A, Venezuela.
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26
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Abstract
Most of the previous work on the sphingolipid ceramide has been devoted to its function as an apoptosis inducer. Recent studies, however, have shown that in stem cells, ceramide has additional nonapoptotic functions. In this article, ceramide signaling will be reviewed in light of 'systems interface biology': as an interconnection of sphingolipid metabolism, membrane biophysics and cell signaling. The focus will be on the metabolic interconversion of ceramide and sphingomyelin or sphingosine-1-phosphate. Lipid rafts and sphingolipid-induced protein scaffolds will be discussed as a membrane interface for lipid-controlled cell signaling. Ceramide/sphingomyelin and ceramide/sphingosine-1-phosphate-interdependent cell-signaling pathways are significant for the regulation of cell polarity, apoptosis and/or proliferation, and as novel pharmacologic targets in cancer and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhard Bieberich
- Institute of Molecular Medicine & Genetics, School of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, Room CB-2803, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Bieberich E. Smart drugs for smarter stem cells: making SENSe (sphingolipid-enhanced neural stem cells) of ceramide. Neurosignals 2008; 16:124-39. [PMID: 18253053 DOI: 10.1159/000111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide and its derivative sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are important signaling sphingolipids for neural stem cell apoptosis and differentiation. Most recently, our group has shown that novel ceramide analogs can be used to eliminate teratoma (stem cell tumor)-forming cells from a neural stem cell graft. In new studies, we found that S1P promotes survival of specific neural precursor cells that undergo differentiation to cells expressing oligodendroglial markers. Our studies suggest that a combination of novel ceramide and S1P analogs eliminates tumor-forming stem cells and at the same time, triggers oligodendroglial differentiation. This review discusses recent studies on the function of ceramide and S1P for the regulation of apoptosis, differentiation, and polarity in stem cells. We will also discuss results from ongoing studies in our laboratory on the use of sphingolipids in stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhard Bieberich
- Program in Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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