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Li S, Liu J, Yan H. Medium-intensity acute exhaustive exercise induces neural cell apoptosis in the rat hippocampus. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:127-32. [PMID: 25206482 PMCID: PMC4107505 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the influence of medium-intensity (treadmill at a speed of 19.3 m/min until exhaustion) and high-intensity (treadmill at a speed of 26.8 m/min until exhaustion) acute exhaustive exercise on rat hippocampal neural cell apoptosis. TUNEL staining showed significantly increased neural cell apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats after medium- and high-intensity acute exhaustive exercise, particularly the medium-intensity acute exhaustive exercise, when compared with the control. Immunohistochemistry showed significantly increased expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the proapoptotic protein Bax in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats after medium- and high-intensity acute exhaustive exercise. Additionally, the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 increased in both exercise groups. In particular, the medium-intensity acute exhaustive exercise group had significantly higher Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression and a higher Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. These findings indicate that acute exhaustive exercise of different intensities can induce neural cell apoptosis in the hippocampus, and that medium-intensity acute exhaustive exercise results in greater damage when compared with high-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanni Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan Province, China ; School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hengmei Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan Province, China
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2
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Abstract
Gap junction blocking agents can inhibit spontaneous discharge frequency in cells. We established a rat model of posttraumatic epilepsy induced using ferric ions. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with carbenoxolone, 20 mg/kg, prior to and 30 minutes after model establishment, once a day for 14 consecutive days. Immunohistochemistry showed glial cell proliferation around a cortical focus and significantly increased connexin expression in posttraumatic epilepsy. However, carbenoxolone pretreatment or treatment significantly reduced connexin expression in the cortex, inhibited glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and ameliorated seizure degree in rats. These findings indicate that large amounts of glial cell proliferation and abnormal gap junction generation play a role in posttraumatic epilepsy, and that carbenoxolone may prevent and treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yaohui Ni
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenxiang Dai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
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3
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Sun Z, Hu L, Wen Y, Chen K, Sun Z, Yue H, Zhang C. Adenosine triphosphate promotes locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury by activating mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in rats. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:101-10. [PMID: 25206479 PMCID: PMC4107506 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays an important role in neuronal growth, proliferation and differentiation. To better understand the role of mTOR pathway involved in the induction of spinal cord injury, rat models of spinal cord injury were established by modified Allen's stall method and interfered for 7 days by intraperitoneal administration of mTOR activator adenosine triphosphate and mTOR kinase inhibitor rapamycin. At 1–4 weeks after spinal cord injury induction, the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale was used to evaluate rat locomotor function, and immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of nestin (neural stem cell marker), neuronal nuclei (neuronal marker), neuron specific enolase, neurofilament protein 200 (axonal marker), glial fibrillary acidic protein (astrocyte marker), Akt, mTOR and signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Results showed th+at adenosine triphosphate-mediated Akt/mTOR/STAT3 pathway increased endogenous neural stem cells, induced neurogenesis and axonal growth, inhibited excessive astrogliosis and improved the locomotor function of rats with spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengang Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, First People's Hospital of Qingdao Economic & Technological Development Area, Qingdao 266555, Shandong Province, China ; Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Lingyun Hu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China ; Department of Orthopedics, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yimin Wen
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China ; Department of Spine Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Keming Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhenjuan Sun
- Department of Information, Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital, Qingdao 266100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haiyuan Yue
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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Liu X, Ma C, Xing R, Zhang W, Tian B, Li X, Li Q, Zhang Y. The calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor KN-93 protects rat cerebral cortical neurons from N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-induced injury. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:111-20. [PMID: 25206480 PMCID: PMC4107511 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, primary cultured cerebral cortical neurons of Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were treated with 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 μM calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor KN-93 after 50 μM N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-induced injury. Results showed that, compared with N-methyl-Daspartic acid-induced injury neurons, the activity of cells markedly increased, apoptosis was significantly reduced, leakage of lactate dehydrogenase decreased, and intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations in neurons reduced after KN-93 treatment. The expression of caspase-3, phosphorylated calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and total calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II protein decreased after KN-93 treatment. And the effect was apparent at a dose of 1.0 μM KN-93. Experimental findings suggest that KN-93 can induce a dose-dependent neuroprotective effect, and that the underlying mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of caspase-3 and calmodulin- dependent protein kinase II expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Cui Ma
- Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ruixian Xing
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Jinzhou Kangning Hospital, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Buxian Tian
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xidong Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qiushi Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
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Jiang X, Xu J, Zou D, Yang L, Wang Y. Baicalin influences the dendritic morphology of newborn neurons in the hippocampus of chronically stressed rats. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:496-505. [PMID: 25206692 PMCID: PMC4146053 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress models, established in adult Sprague-Dawley rats through a 14-day subcutaneous injection of 40 mg/kg corticosterone, once per day, were given a daily oral feeding of 50 mg/kg baicalin. The study was an attempt to observe the effect of baicalin on neurogenesis in chronically stressed rats. Results showed that subcutaneous injection of corticosterone significantly decreased the total number of doublecortin-positive neurons in the hippocampus. The reduced cell number caused by corticosterone was mainly due to the decrease of class II doublecortin-positive neurons, but the class I doublecortin-positive neurons were unaffected. Baicalin treatment increased the number of both class I and class II doublecortin-positive neurons. In addition, doublecortin-positive neurons showed less complexity in dendritic morphology after corticosterone injection, and this change was totally reversed by baicalin treatment. These findings suggest that baicalin exhibits a beneficial effect on adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Junmei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dingquan Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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Wang X, Xu J, Gong J, Shen H, Wang X. Expression of netrin-1 and its receptors, deleted in colorectal cancer and uncoordinated locomotion-5 homolog B, in rat brain following focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:64-9. [PMID: 25206373 PMCID: PMC4107494 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1 is currently one of the most highly studied axon guidance factors. Netrin-1 is widely expressed in the embryonic central nervous system, and together with the deleted in colorectal cancer and uncoordinated locomotion-5 homolog B receptors, netrin-1 plays a guiding role in the construction of neural conduction pathways and the directional migration of neuronal cells. In this study, we established a rat middle cerebral artery ischemia reperfusion model using the intraluminal thread technique. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the expression of netrin-1 and deleted in colorectal cancer in the ischemic penumbra was upregulated at 1 day after reperfusion, reached a peak at 14 days, and decreased at 21 days. There was no obvious change in the expression of uncoordinated locomotion-5 homolog B during this time period. Double immunofluorescence labeling revealed that netrin-1 was expressed in neuronal cells and around small vessels, but not in astrocytes and microglia, while deleted in colorectal cancer was localized in the cell membranes and protrusions of neurons and astrocytes. Our experimental findings indicate that netrin-1 may be involved in post-ischemic repair and neuronal protection via deleted in colorectal cancer receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China ; Department of Neurology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215028, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinming Xu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215028, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jieqin Gong
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215028, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215028, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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7
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Zheng G, Chen X, Xu B, Zhang J, Lv X, Li J, Li F, Hu S, Zhang T, Li Y. Plasticity of language pathways in patients with low-grade glioma: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:647-54. [PMID: 25206710 PMCID: PMC4145989 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the plasticity of language pathways in patients with low-grade glioma is important for neurosurgeons to achieve maximum resection while preserving neurological function. The current study sought to investigate changes in the ventral language pathways in patients with low-grade glioma located in regions likely to affect the dorsal language pathways. The results revealed no significant difference in fractional anisotropy values in the arcuate fasciculus between groups or between hemispheres. However, fractional anisotropy and lateralization index values in the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus and lateralization index values in the left inferior fronto-occpital fasciculus were higher in patients than in healthy subjects. These results indicate plasticity of language pathways in patients with low-grade glioma. The ventral language pathways may perform more functions in patients than in healthy subjects. As such, it is important to protect the ventral language pathways intraoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bainan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiashu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xueming Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jinjiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Fangye Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shen Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
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8
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Shang Y, Zhang H, Cheng J, Miao H, Liu Y, Cao K, Wang H. Flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi are effective to treat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:514-22. [PMID: 25206694 PMCID: PMC4146055 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on previous studies that have shown flavonoids from the stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi are neuroprotective agents in a naturally senile, D-galactose, aging in vivo model, as well as an in vitro model of oxidative/hypoxic injury, we established a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model in rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion. The light/electron microscopic observations found significant neuropathological changes including neuron loss or swelling and rough endoplasmic reticulum injury. Moreover, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase and superoxide dismutase were significantly lowered, and the levels of malonaldehyde increased. In addition, the memory of rats worsened. However, treatment with flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (35, 70 and 140 mg/kg) for 13 days dramatically improved the above abnormal changes. These results suggest that the ability of flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in attenuating cerebral functional and morphological consequences after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion may be beneficial for the treatment of ischemic brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Shang
- Department of Pharmacology of Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China ; Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Second Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hong Miao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yongping Liu
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Kai Cao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
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9
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Abstract
The rapidly increasing prevalence of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease has the potential to create a major worldwide healthcare crisis. Structural MRI studies in patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment are currently attracting considerable interest. It is extremely important to study early structural and metabolic changes, such as those in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and gray matter structures in the medial temporal lobe, to allow the early detection of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. The microstructural integrity of white matter can be studied with diffusion tensor imaging. Increased mean diffusivity and decreased fractional anisotropy are found in subjects with white matter damage. Functional imaging studies with positron emission tomography tracer compounds enable detection of amyloid plaques in the living brain in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we will focus on key findings from brain imaging studies in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease, including structural brain changes studied with MRI and white matter changes seen with diffusion tensor imaging, and other specific imaging methodologies will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Yin
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China ; Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157004, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Siou Li
- Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157004, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Weina Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157004, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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Weng Z, Wu L, Lu Y, Wang L, Tan L, Dong M, Xin Y. Electroacupuncture diminishes P2X2 and P2X3 purinergic receptor expression in dorsal root ganglia of rats with visceral hypersensitivity. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:802-8. [PMID: 25206727 PMCID: PMC4146084 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture at Shangjuxu (ST37) and Tianshu (ST25) can improve visceral hypersensitivity in rats. Colorectal distension was used to establish a rat model of chronic visceral hypersensitivity. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect P2X2 and P2X3 receptor expression in dorsal root ganglia from rats with chronic visceral hypersensitivity. Results demonstrated that abdominal withdrawal reflex scores obviously increased following establishment of the model, indicating visceral hypersensitivity. Simultaneously, P2X2 and P2X3 receptor expression increased in dorsal root ganglia. After bilateral electroacupuncture at Shangjuxu and Tianshu, abdominal withdrawal reflex scores and P2X2 and P2X3 receptor expression decreased in rats with visceral hypersensitivity. These results indicated that electroacupuncture treatment improved visceral hypersensitivity in rats with irritable bowel syndrome by reducing P2X2 and P2X3 receptor expression in dorsal root ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Weng
- Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Luyi Wu
- Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lidong Wang
- Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linying Tan
- Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuhu Xin
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
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11
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Kong M, Ba M, Liang H, Shao P, Yu T, Wang Y. Regulation of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels suppresses the toxic effects of amyloid-beta peptide (25-35). Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:56-63. [PMID: 25206372 PMCID: PMC4107498 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we treated PC12 cells with 0-20 μM amyloid-β peptide (25-35) for 24 hours to induce cytotoxicity, and found that 5-20 μM amyloid-β peptide (25-35) decreased PC12 cell viability, but adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel activator diazoxide suppressed the decrease in PC12 cell viability induced by amyloid-β peptide (25-35). Diazoxide protected PC12 cells against amyloid-β peptide (25-35)-induced increases in mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. These protective effects were reversed by the selective mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate. An inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, Nω-nitro-L-arginine, also protected PC12 cells from amyloid-β peptide (25-35)-induced increases in both mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. However, the H2O2-degrading enzyme catalase could not reverse the amyloid-β peptide (25-35)-induced increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species. A 24-hour exposure to amyloid-β peptide (25-35) did not result in apoptosis or necrosis, suggesting that the increases in both mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species levels preceded cell death. The data suggest that amyloid-β peptide (25-35) cytotoxicity is associated with adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels and nitric oxide. Regulation of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels suppresses PC12 cell cytotoxicity induced by amyloid-β peptide (25-35).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kong
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Maowen Ba
- Department of Neurology, Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peng Shao
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tianxia Yu
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
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12
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Cui H, Han W, Yang L, Chang Y. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha and oligodendrocyte lineage gene-1 in cultured brain slices after oxygen-glucose deprivation. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:328-37. [PMID: 25206673 PMCID: PMC4107529 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte lineage gene-1 expressed in oligodendrocytes may trigger the repair of neuronal myelin impairment, and play a crucial role in myelin repair. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, a transcription factor, is of great significance in premature infants with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. There is little evidence of direct regulatory effects of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α on oligodendrocyte lineage gene-1. In this study, brain slices of Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured and subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Then, slices were transfected with hypoxia-inducible factor 1α or oligodendrocyte lineage gene-1. The expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and oligodendrocyte lineage gene-1 were significantly up-regulated in rat brains prior to transfection, as detected by immunohistochemical staining. Eight hours after transfection of slices with hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, oligodendrocyte lineage gene-1 expression was upregulated, and reached a peak 24 hours after transfection. Oligodendrocyte lineage gene-1 transfection induced no significant differences in hypoxia-inducible factor 1α levels in rat brain tissues with oxygen-glucose deprivation. These experimental findings indicate that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α can regulate oligodendrocyte lineage gene-1 expression in hypoxic brain tissue, thus repairing the neural impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cui
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei Province, China ; Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weijuan Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanzhong Chang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, Hebei Province, China
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13
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Li X, Han Y, Xu H, Sun Z, Zhou Z, Long X, Yang Y, Zou L. Aquaporin 4 expression and ultrastructure of the blood-brain barrier following cerebral contusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:338-45. [PMID: 25206674 PMCID: PMC4107528 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate aquaporin 4 expression and the ultrastructure of the blood-brain barrier at 2–72 hours following cerebral contusion injury, and correlate these changes to the formation of brain edema. Results revealed that at 2 hours after cerebral contusion and laceration injury, aquaporin 4 expression significantly increased, brain water content and blood-brain barrier permeability increased, and the number of pinocytotic vesicles in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells increased. In addition, the mitochondrial accumulation was observed. As contusion and laceration injury became aggravated, aquaporin 4 expression continued to increase, brain water content and blood-brain barrier permeability gradually increased, brain capillary endothelial cells and astrocytes swelled, and capillary basement membrane injury gradually increased. The above changes were most apparent at 12 hours after injury, after which they gradually attenuated. Aquaporin 4 expression positively correlated with brain water content and the blood-brain barrier index. Our experimental findings indicate that increasing aquaporin 4 expression and blood-brain barrier permeability after cerebral contusion and laceration injury in humans is involved in the formation of brain edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang 618000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yangyun Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang 618000, Sichuan Province, China ; Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang 618000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhongshu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang 618000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zengjun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang 618000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang 618000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang 618000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Linbo Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang 618000, Sichuan Province, China
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Abstract
Transtentorial herniation is one of the causes of motor weakness in traumatic brain injury. In this study, we report on a patient who underwent decompressive craniectomy due to traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Brain CT images taken after surgery showed intracerebral hemorrhage in the left fronto-temporal lobe and left transtentorial herniation. The patient presented with severe paralysis of the right extremities at the time of intracerebral hemorrhage onset, but the limb motor function recovered partially at 6 months after onset and to nearly normal level at 27 months. Through diffusion tensor tractography, the left corticospinal tract was disrupted below the cerebral peduncle at 1 month after onset and the disrupted left corticospinal tract was reconstructed at 27 months. These findings suggest that recovery of limb motor function in a patient with traumatic transtentorial herniation can come to be true by recovery of corticospinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Seok Yeo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, Republic of Korea
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15
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Luo Y, Wang J, Wu H, Zhu D, Zhang Y. Working-memory training improves developmental dyslexia in Chinese children. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:452-60. [PMID: 25206687 PMCID: PMC4146131 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although plasticity in the neural system underlies working memory, and working memory can be improved by training, there is thus far no evidence that children with developmental dyslexia can benefit from working-memory training. In the present study, thirty dyslexic children aged 8-11 years were recruited from an elementary school in Wuhan, China. They received working-memory training, including training in visuospatial memory, verbal memory, and central executive tasks. The difficulty of the tasks was adjusted based on the performance of each subject, and the training sessions lasted 40 minutes per day, for 5 weeks. The results showed that working-memory training significantly enhanced performance on the nontrained working memory tasks such as the visuospatial, the verbal domains, and central executive tasks in children with developmental dyslexia. More importantly, the visual rhyming task and reading fluency task were also significantly improved by training. Progress on working memory measures was related to changes in reading skills. These experimental findings indicate that working memory is a pivotal factor in reading development among children with developmental dyslexia, and interventions to improve working memory may help dyslexic children to become more proficient in reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- Department of Child and Women Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hanrong Wu
- Department of Child and Women Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dongmei Zhu
- Department of Child and Women Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Child and Women Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
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16
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Jiang H, Xie J, Xu G, Su Y, Li J, Zhu M, Wang M. Hypoxia regulates reactive oxygen species levels in SHG-44 glioma cells. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:554-60. [PMID: 25206699 PMCID: PMC4146058 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, cultured human SHG-44 glioma cells were subjected to a hypoxic environment simulated using the CoCl2 method. Flow cytometry showed increased reactive oxygen species production in these cells. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR showed significantly increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1α mRNA expression in cells exposed to the hypoxic condition. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species production and reduced hypoxia-inducible factor-1α mRNA expression in normoxic and hypoxic groups, especially in the latter group. These findings indicate that hypoxia induces reactive oxygen species production and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α mRNA expression in human SHG-44 glioma cells, and that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine can inhibit these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Jiang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiangtao Xie
- Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Gaofeng Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yongyong Su
- Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinzheng Li
- Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Mang Zhu
- Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Maode Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
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17
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Kim KT, Chung KJ, Lee HS, Ko IG, Kim CJ, Na YG, Kim KH. Neuroprotective effects of tadalafil on gerbil dopaminergic neurons following cerebral ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:693-701. [PMID: 25206715 PMCID: PMC4146079 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment of dopamine function, which is known to have major effects on behaviors and cognition, is one of the main problems associated with cerebral ischemia. Tadalafil, a long-acting phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor, is known to ameliorate neurologic impairment induced by brain injury, but not in dopaminergic regions. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of treatment with tadalafil on cyclic guanosine monophosphate level and dopamine function following cerebral ischemia. Forty adult Mongolian gerbils were randomly and evenly divided into five groups (n = 8 in each group): Sham-operation group, cerebral ischemia-induced and 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg tadalafil-treated groups, respectively. Tadalafil dissolved in distilled water was administered orally for 7 consecutive days, starting 1 day after surgery. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate assay and immunohistochemistry were performed for thyrosine hydroxylase expression and western blot analysis for dopamine D2 receptor expression. A decrease in cyclic guanosine monophosphate level following cerebral ischemia was found with an increase in thyrosine hydroxylase activity and a decrease in dopamine D2 receptor expression in the striatum and substantia nigra region. However, treatment with tadalafil increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate expression, suppressed thyrosine hydroxylase expression and increased dopamine D2 receptor expression in the striatum and substantia nigra region in a dose-dependent manner. Tadalafil might ameliorate cerebral ischemia-induced dopaminergic neuron injury. Therefore, tadalafil has the potential as a new neuroprotective treatment strategy for cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Taek Kim
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 405-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Chung
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 405-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sae Lee
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 405-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Gil Na
- Department of Urology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Khae Hawn Kim
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 405-760, Republic of Korea
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18
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Mao Z, Song Z, Li G, Lv W, Zhao X, Li B, Feng X, Chen Y. 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin intervenes with neural cell apoptosis following diffuse axonal injury. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:133-42. [PMID: 25206483 PMCID: PMC4107509 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported a neuroprotective effect of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) against traumatic brain injury. In accordance with the Marmarou method, rat models of diffuse axonal injury were established. 8-OH-DPAT was intraperitoneally injected into model rats. 8-OH-DPAT treated rats maintained at constant temperature served as normal temperature controls. TUNEL results revealed that neural cell swelling, brain tissue necrosis and cell apoptosis occurred around the injured tissue. Moreover, the number of Bax-, Bcl-2- and caspase-3-positive cells increased at 6 hours after diffuse axonal injury, and peaked at 24 hours. However, brain injury was attenuated, the number of apoptotic cells reduced, Bax and caspase-3 expression decreased, and Bcl-2 expression increased at 6, 12, 24, 72 and 168 hours after diffuse axonal injury in normal temperature control and in 8-OH-DPAT-intervention rats. The difference was most significant at 24 hours. All indices in 8-OH-DPAT-intervention rats were better than those in the constant temperature group. These results suggest that 8-OH-DPAT inhibits Bax and caspase-3 expression, increases Bcl-2 expression, and reduces neural cell apoptosis, resulting in neuroprotection against diffuse axonal injury. This effect is associated with a decrease in brain temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenli Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China ; Postgraduate School, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhenquan Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Gang Li
- Jilin Brain Hospital, Siping 136000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China ; Postgraduate School, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China ; Postgraduate School, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China ; Postgraduate School, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xinli Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Youli Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
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19
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Ma Z, Li Q, Zhang Z, Zheng Y. A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 10 in neuronal maturation and gliogenesis during cortex development. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:24-30. [PMID: 25206368 PMCID: PMC4107504 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiple-layer structure of the cerebral cortex is important for its functions. Such a structure is generated based on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells. Notch functions as a molecular switch for neural stem/progenitor cell fate during cortex development but the mechanism remains unclear. Biochemical and cellular studies showed that Notch receptor activation induces several proteases to release the Notch intracellular domain (NICD). A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) might be a physiological rate-limiting S2 enzyme for Notch activation. Nestin-driven conditional ADAM10 knockout in mouse cortex showed that ADAM10 is critical for maintenance of the neural stem cell population during early embryonic cortex development. However, the expression pattern and function of ADAM10 during later cerebral cortex development remains poorly understood. We performed in situ hybridization for ADAM10 mRNA and immunofluorescent analysis to determine the expression of ADAM10 and NICD in mouse cortex from embryonic day 9 (E14.5) to postnatal day 1 (P1). ADAM10 and NICD were highly co-localized in the cortex of E16.5 to P1 mice. Comparisons of expression patterns of ADAM10 with Nestin (neural stem cell marker), Tuj1 (mature neuron marker), and S100β (glia marker) showed that ADAM10 expression highly matched that of S100β and partially matched that of Tuj1 at later embryonic to early postnatal cortex developmental stages. Such expression patterns indicated that ADAM10-Notch signaling might have a critical function in neuronal maturation and gliogenesis during cortex development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yufang Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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20
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Yu Q, Xu S, Zhang K, Shan Y. Multi-porous electroactive poly(L-lactic acid)/polypyrrole composite micro/nano fibrous scaffolds promote neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:31-8. [PMID: 25206369 PMCID: PMC4107503 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, poly(L-lactic acid)/ammonium persulfate doped-polypyrrole composite fibrous scaffolds with moderate conductivity were produced by combining electrospinning with in situ polymerization. PC12 cells were cultured on these fibrous scaffolds and their growth following electrical stimulation (0-20.0 μA stimulus intensity, for 1-4 days) was observed using inverted light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with the MTT cell viability test. The results demonstrated that the poly(L-lactic acid)/ammonium persulfate doped-polypyrrole fibrous scaffold was a dual multi-porous micro/nano fibrous scaffold. An electrical stimulation with a current intensity 5.0-10.0 μA for about 2 days enhanced neuronal growth and neurite outgrowth, while a high current intensity (over 15.0 μA) suppressed them. These results indicate that electrical stimulation with a moderate current intensity for an optimum time frame can promote neuronal growth and neurite outgrowth in an intensity- and time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhen Yu
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Modern Textile and Garment, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuiling Xu
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kuihua Zhang
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Modern Textile and Garment, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongming Shan
- College of Mathematics Physics and Information Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang Province, China
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21
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Lu T, Hu Z, Zeng L, Jiang Z. Changes in secretory pathway Ca(2+)-ATPase 2 following focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:76-82. [PMID: 25206375 PMCID: PMC4107497 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate changes in secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase 2 expression following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and to define the role of Ca2+-ATPases in oxidative stress. A rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was established using the unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion method. Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-PCR assay results showed that compared with the control group, the expression of secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase 2 protein and mRNA in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of male rats did not significantly change during the ischemic period. However, secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase 2 protein and mRNA expression reduced gradually at 1, 3, and 24 hours during the reperfusion period. Our experimental findings indicate that levels of secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase 2 protein and mRNA expression in brain tissue change in response to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonglin Lu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liuwang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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22
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Chen J, Huang Y, Lai X, Tang C, Yang J, Chen H, Zeng T, Wu J, Qu S. Acupuncture at Waiguan (TE5) influences activation/deactivation of functional brain areas in ischemic stroke patients and healthy people: A functional MRI study. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:226-32. [PMID: 25206592 PMCID: PMC4107521 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 10 patients with ischemic stroke in the left hemisphere and six healthy controls were subjected to acupuncture at right Waiguan (TE5). In ischemic stroke subjects, functional MRI showed enhanced activation in Broadmann areas 5, 6, 7, 18, 19, 24, 32, the hypothalamic inferior lobe, the mamillary body, and the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the left hemisphere, and Broadmann areas 4, 6, 7, 18, 19 and 32 of the right hemisphere, but attenuated activation of Broadmann area 13, the hypothalamic inferior lobe, the posterior lobe of the tonsil of cerebellum, and the culmen of the anterior lobe of hypophysis, in the left hemisphere and Broadmann area 13 in the right hemisphere. In ischemic stroke subjects, a number of deactivated brain areas were enhanced, including Broadmann areas 6, 11, 20, 22, 37, and 47, the culmen of the anterior lobe of hypophysis, alae lingulae cerebella, and the posterior lobe of the tonsil of cerebellum of the left hemisphere, and Broadmann areas 8, 37, 45 and 47, the culmen of the anterior lobe of hypophysis, pars tuberalis adenohypophyseos, inferior border of lentiform nucleus, lateral globus pallidus, inferior temporal gyrus, and the parahippocampal gyrus of the right hemisphere. These subjects also exhibited attenuation of a number of deactivated brain areas, including Broadmann area 7. These data suggest that acupuncture at Waiguan specifically alters brain function in regions associated with sensation, vision, and motion in ischemic stroke patients. By contrast, in normal individuals, acupuncture at Waiguan generally activates brain areas associated with insomnia and other functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinsheng Lai
- College of Acupuncture and Manipulation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- College of Acupuncture and Manipulation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junjun Yang
- College of Acupuncture and Manipulation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tongjun Zeng
- The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan 528300, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junxian Wu
- Department of Acupuncture, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shanshan Qu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
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23
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Huang F, Shen Q, Zhao J. Growth and differentiation of neural stem cells in a three-dimensional collagen gel scaffold. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:313-9. [PMID: 25206671 PMCID: PMC4107534 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen protein is an ideal scaffold material for the transplantation of neural stem cells. In this study, rat neural stem cells were seeded into a three-dimensional collagen gel scaffold, with suspension cultured neural stem cells being used as a control group. Neural stem cells, which were cultured in medium containing epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, actively expanded and formed neurospheres in both culture groups. In serum-free medium conditions, the processes extended from neurospheres in the collagen gel group were much longer than those in the suspension culture group. Immunofluorescence staining showed that neurospheres cultured in collagen gels were stained positive for nestin and differentiated cells were stained positive for the neuronal marker βIII-tubulin, the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein and the oligodendrocytic marker 2’,3’-cyclic nucleotide 3’-phosphodiesterase. Compared with neurospheres cultured in suspension, the differentiation potential of neural stem cells cultured in collagen gels increased, with the formation of neurons at an early stage. Our results show that the three-dimensional collagen gel culture system is superior to suspension culture in the proliferation, differentiation and process outgrowth of neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jitong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
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24
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Yao L, He C, Zhao Y, Wang J, Tang M, Li J, Wu Y, Ao L, Hu X. Human umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation for the treatment of chronic spinal cord injury: Electrophysiological changes and long-term efficacy. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:397-403. [PMID: 25206680 PMCID: PMC4146127 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation can promote functional restoration following acute spinal cord injury (injury time < 3 months), but the safety and long-term efficacy of this treatment need further exploration. In this study, 25 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (injury time > 6 months) were treated with human umbilical cord blood stem cells via intravenous and intrathecal injection. The follow-up period was 12 months after transplantation. Results found that autonomic nerve functions were restored and the latent period of somatosensory evoked potentials was reduced. There were no severe adverse reactions in patients following stem cell transplantation. These experimental findings suggest that the transplantation of human umbilical cord blood stem cells is a safe and effective treatment for patients with traumatic spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Yao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jirong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Mei Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Lijuan Ao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong Province, China
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Yu C, Wang J. Neuroprotective effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:622-32. [PMID: 25206707 PMCID: PMC4145985 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Penehyclidine hydrochloride can promote microcirculation and reduce vascular permeability. However, the role of penehyclidine hydrochloride in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury remains unclear. In this study, in vivo middle cerebral artery occlusion models were established in experimental rats, and penehyclidine hydrochloride pretreatment was given via intravenous injection prior to model establishment. Tetrazolium chloride, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling and immunohistochemical staining showed that, penehyclidine hydrochloride pretreatment markedly attenuated neuronal histopathological changes in the cortex, hippocampus and striatum, reduced infarction size, increased the expression level of Bcl-2, decreased the expression level of caspase-3, and inhibited neuronal apoptosis in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Xanthine oxidase and thiobarbituric acid chromogenic results showed that penehyclidine hydrochloride upregulated the activity of superoxide dismutase and downregulated the concentration of malondialdehyde in the ischemic cerebral cortex and hippocampus, as well as reduced the concentration of extracellular excitatory amino acids in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, penehyclidine hydrochloride inhibited the expression level of the NR1 subunit in hippocampal nerve cells in vitro following oxygen-glucose deprivation, as detected by PCR. Experimental findings indicate that penehyclidine hydrochloride attenuates neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress injury after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, thus exerting a neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China ; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Yuhuangding Hospital, Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Junke Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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26
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Song C, Yang Z, Zhong M, Chen Z. Sericin protects against diabetes-induced injuries in sciatic nerve and related nerve cells. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:506-13. [PMID: 25206693 PMCID: PMC4146054 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sericin from discarded silkworm cocoons of silk reeling has been used in different fields, such as cosmetology, skin care, nutrition, and oncology. The present study established a rat model of type 2 diabetes by consecutive intraperitoneal injections of low-dose (25 mg/kg) streptozotocin. After intragastrical perfusion of sericin for 35 days, blood glucose levels significantly declined, and the expression of neurofilament protein in the sciatic nerve and nerve growth factor in L4-6 spinal ganglion and anterior horn cells significantly increased. However, the expression of neuropeptide Y in spinal ganglion and anterior horn cells significantly decreased in model rats. These findings indicate that sericin protected the sciatic nerve and related nerve cells against injury in a rat type 2 diabetic model by upregulating the expression of neurofilament protein in the sciatic nerve and nerve growth factor in spinal ganglion and anterior horn cells, and downregulating the expression of neuropeptide Y in spinal ganglion and anterior horn cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhenjun Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Meirong Zhong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
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Jin Y, Dong L, Wu C, Qin J, Li S, Wang C, Shao X, Huang D. Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating the inflammatory response and cellular apoptosis. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:197-207. [PMID: 25206589 PMCID: PMC4107522 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction extracted from Buyang Huanwu Decoction contains saponins of Astragalus, total paeony glycoside and safflower flavones. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction on ischemic injury both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo experiments showed that 50-200 mg/kg Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction reduced infarct volume and pathological injury in ischemia/reperfusion rats, markedly inhibited expression of nuclear factor-κB and tumor necrosis factor-α and promoted nestin protein expression in brain tissue. Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction (200 mg/kg) exhibited significant effects, which were similar to those of 100 mg/kg Ginkgo biloba extract. In vitro experimental results demonstrated that 10-100 mg/L Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction significantly improved cell viability, decreased the release of lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde levels, and inhibited the rate of apoptosis in HT22 cells following oxygen-glucose deprivation. Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction (100 mg/L) exhibited significant effects, which were similar to those of 100 mg/L Ginkgo biloba extract. These findings suggest that Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction may represent a novel, protective strategy against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced damage in HT22 cells in vitro by attenuating the inflammatory response and cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China ; Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei 230051, Anhui Province, China
| | - Liuyi Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Changqing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiang Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Anhui Institute of Materia Medica, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xu Shao
- Hefei Qi-xing Medicine and Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230088, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dake Huang
- Synthetic Laboratory of Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
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Ding J, He Z, Ruan J, Liu Y, Gong C, Sun S, Chen H. Influence of endogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor on neural differentiation of adult rat hippocampal progenitors. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:301-12. [PMID: 25206670 PMCID: PMC4107532 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliary neurotrophic factor is the only known neurotrophic factor that can promote differentiation of hippocampal neural progenitor cells to glial cells and neurons in adult rats. This process is similar to spontaneous differentiation. Therefore, ciliary neurotrophic factor may be involved in spontaneous differentiation of neural stem cells. To verify this hypothesis, the present study isolated neural progenitor cells from adult male rats and cultured them in vitro. Results showed that when neural progenitor cells were cultured in the absence of mitogen fibroblast growth factor-2 or epidermal growth factor, they underwent spontaneous differentiation into neurons and glial cells. Western blot and immunocytochemical staining showed that exogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor strongly induced adult hippocampal progenitor cells to differentiate into neurons and glial cells. Moreover, passage 4 adult hippocampal progenitor cells expressed high levels of endogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor, and a neutralizing antibody against ciliary neurotrophic factor prevented the spontaneous neuronal and glial differentiation of adult hippocampal progenitor cells. These results suggest that the spontaneous differentiation of adult hippocampal progenitor cells is mediated partially by endogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ding
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China ; Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhili He
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China ; Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Juan Ruan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Chengxin Gong
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Shenggang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Honghui Chen
- Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
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29
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Lv J, Xue R, Zhao J, Wei X, Gao H, Fu R, Wu G, Li W, Lei X, Tian J. An optimal dose of tea polyphenols protects against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:783-91. [PMID: 25206725 PMCID: PMC4146088 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies addressing the protection of tea polyphenols against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury often use focal cerebral ischemia models, and the optimal dose is not unified. In this experiment, a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury rat model was established using a modified four-vessel occlusion method. Rats were treated with different doses of tea polyphenols (25, 50, 100, 150, 200 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection. Results showed that after 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of reperfusion, peroxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity in brain tissue gradually increased, while malondialdehyde content gradually decreased after tea polyphenol intervention. Tea polyphenols at 200 mg/kg resulted in the most apparent changes. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling and flow cytometry showed that 200 mg/kg tea polyphenols significantly reduced the number and percentage of apoptotic cells in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The open field test and elevated plus maze experiments showed that tea polyphenols at 200 mg/kg strengthened exploratory behavior and reduced anxiety of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injured rats. Experimental findings indicate that tea polyphenols protected rats against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and 200 mg/kg is regarded as the optimal dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrui Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rongliang Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rongguo Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Junbin Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
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Abstract
Most hypotheses concerning the mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease are based on altered synaptic transmission of the nigrostriatal system. However, extrasynaptic transmission was recently found to affect dopamine neurotransmitter delivery by anisotropic diffusion in the extracellular matrix, which is modulated by various extracellular matrix components such as fibronectin. The present study reviewed the neuroprotective effect of fibronectin in extrasynaptic transmission. Fibronectin can regulate neuroactive substance diffusion and receptor activation, and exert anti- neuroinflammatory, adhesive and neuroprotective roles. Fibronectin can bind to integrin and growth factor receptors to transactivate intracellular signaling events such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway to regulate or amplify growth factor-like neuroprotective actions. Fibronectin is assembled into a fibrillar network around cells to facilitate cell migration, molecule and ion diffusion, and even drug delivery and treatment. In addition, the present study analyzed the neuroprotective mechanism of fibronectin in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, involving integrin and growth factor receptor interactions, and discussed the possible therapeutic and diagnostic significance of fibronectin in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintang Wang
- Institute for Geriatric Clinic and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Ling Yin
- Institute of Medical Informatics, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Institute for Geriatric Clinic and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing 100095, China
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31
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Wang D, Fan Y, Zhang J. Transplantation of Nogo-66 receptor gene-silenced cells in a poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffold for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:677-85. [PMID: 25206713 PMCID: PMC4146076 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of neurite growth, which is in large part mediated by the Nogo-66 receptor, affects neural regeneration following bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. The tissue engineering scaffold poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid) has good histocompatibility and can promote the growth of regenerating nerve fibers. The present study used small interfering RNA to silence Nogo-66 receptor gene expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and Schwann cells, which were subsequently transplanted with poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid) into the spinal cord lesion regions in rats. Simultaneously, rats treated with scaffold only were taken as the control group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry revealed that at 4 weeks after transplantation, rats had good motor function of the hind limb after treatment with Nogo-66 receptor gene-silenced cells plus the poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid) scaffold compared with rats treated with scaffold only, and the number of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and neuron-like cells was also increased. At 8 weeks after transplantation, horseradish peroxidase tracing and transmission electron microscopy showed a large number of unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibers, as well as intact regenerating axonal myelin sheath following spinal cord hemisection injury. These experimental findings indicate that transplantation of Nogo-66 receptor gene-silenced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and Schwann cells plus a poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid) scaffold can significantly enhance axonal regeneration of spinal cord neurons and improve motor function of the extremities in rats following spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin 300140, China
| | - Yuhong Fan
- Department of Stomatology, First Clinical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin 300140, China
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Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that reactions to unfair offers in the ultimatum game are correlated with negative emotion. However, little is known about the difference in neural activity between a proposer's decision-making in the ultimatum game compared with the dictator game. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study revealed that proposing fair offers in the dictator game elicited greater activation in the right supramarginal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus and left anterior cingulate cortex compared with proposing fair offers in the ultimatum game in 23 Chinese undergraduate and graduate students from Beijing Normal University in China. However, greater activation was found in the right superior temporal gyrus and left cingulate gyrus for the reverse contrast. The results indicate that proposing fair offers in the dictator game is more strongly associated with cognitive control and conflicting information processing compared with proposing fair offers in the ultimatum game.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Zheng
- School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Liqi Zhu
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Shi S, Li X, Li Y, Pei C, Yang H, Chen X. Expression and function of Delta-like ligand 4 in a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:723-30. [PMID: 25206719 PMCID: PMC4146072 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Delta-like ligand 4/Notch signaling pathway was shown to participate in the process of retinal development and angiogenesis. However, the function of the Delta-like ligand 4/Notch signaling pathway in retinopathy of prematurity requires further study. Retinopathy of prematurity was induced in 5-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to hyperoxia for 7 days, and then returned to room air. Reverse transcription-PCR and western blot revealed that Delta-like ligand 4 levels decreased at postnatal day 12 and increased at postnatal day 17 in retinopathy of prematurity rats. Flat-mounted adenosine diphosphatase stained retina and hematoxylin-eosin stained retinal tissue slices showed that the clock hour scores and the nuclei counts in retinopathy of prematurity rats were significantly different compared to normal control rats. After retinopathy of prematurity rats were intravitreally injected with Delta-like ligand 4 monoclonal antibody to inhibit the Delta-like ligand 4/Notch signaling pathway, there was a significant increase in the severity of retinal neovascularization (clock hours) in the intravitreally injected eyes. The nuclei count was highly correlated with the clock hour score. These results suggest that Delta-like ligand 4/Notch signaling plays an essential role in the process of physiological and pathological angiogenesis in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China ; Department of Ophthalmology, the 230 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Dandong 118000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - You Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Cunwen Pei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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Liu Y, Xu X, Tang R, Chen G, Lei X, Gao L, Li W, Chen Y. Viability of primary cultured retinal neurons in a hyperglycemic condition. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:410-9. [PMID: 25206682 PMCID: PMC4146128 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina of Wistar rats within 1-3 days of birth were dissociated into a retinal cell suspension using 0.05% trypsin digestion. The cell suspension was incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium for 24 hours, followed by neurobasal medium for 5-7 days. Nissl staining showed that 79.86% of primary cultured retinal cells were positive and immunocytochemical staining showed that the purity of anti-neurofilament heavy chain antibody-positive cells was 71.53%, indicating that the primary culture system of rat retinal neurons was a reliable and stable cell system with neurons as the predominant cell type. The primary cultured retinal neurons were further treated with 0, 5.5, 15, 25, and 35 mM glucose for 24, 48, and 72 hours. The thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide test and flow cytometry showed that with increasing glucose concentration and treatment duration, the viability of retinal neurons was reduced, and apoptosis increased. In particular, 35 mM glucose exhibited the most significant effect at 72 hours. Thus, rat retinal neurons treated with 35 mM glucose for 72 hours can be used to simulate a neuronal model of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xueliang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Renhong Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiang Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Limo Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Abstract
In vitro studies have shown that estrogen receptor β can attenuate the cytotoxic effect of amyloid β protein on PC12 cells through the Akt pathway without estrogen stimulation. In this study, we aimed to observe the effect of estrogen receptor β in Alzheimer's disease rat models established by intraventricular injection of amyloid β protein. Estrogen receptor β lentiviral particles delivered via intraventricular injection increased Akt content in the hippocampus, decreased interleukin-1β mRNA, tumor necrosis factor α mRNA and amyloid β protein levels in the hippocampus, and improved the learning and memory capacities in Alzheimer's disease rats. Estrogen receptor β short hairpin RNA lentiviral particles delivered via intraventricular injection had none of the above impacts on Alzheimer's disease rats. These experimental findings indicate that estrogen receptor β, independent from estrogen, can reduce inflammatory reactions and amyloid β deposition in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease rats, and improve learning and memory capacities. This effect may be mediated through activation of the Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Tian
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Sheng Bi
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lihui Si
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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36
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Köktürk S, Ceylan S, Etus V, Yasa N, Ceylan S. Morinda citrifolia L. (noni) and memantine attenuate periventricular tissue injury of the fourth ventricle in hydrocephalic rabbits. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:773-82. [PMID: 25206724 PMCID: PMC4146082 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Morinda citrifolia L. (Rubiaceae), commonly known as noni, and memantine (a N-methy-D-aspartate receptor inhibitor) on hydrocephalus-induced neurodegenerative disorders. Kaolin was injected into the cistern magna of male adult New Zealand rabbits to establish a hydrocephalus animal model. Memantine (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally; memantine-treated group) or noni (5 mL/kg, intragastrically; noni-treated group) was administered daily for 2 weeks. Microtubule-associated protein-2 and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry were performed to detect neuronal degeneration and apoptosis in the periventricular tissue of the fourth ventricle of rabbits. Microtubule-associated protein-2 staining density was significantly decreased in the hydrocephalic group, while the staining density was significantly increased in the memantine- and noni-treated groups, especially in the noni-treated group. Noni treatment decreased the number of caspase-3-positive cells in rabbits with hydrocephalus, while memantine had no effect. These findings suggest that noni exhibits more obvious inhibitory effects on hydrocephalus-induced neurodegenerative disorders than memantine in periventricular tissue of the fourth ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Köktürk
- Department of Histology and Embriyology, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Süreyya Ceylan
- Department of Histology and Embriyology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Volkan Etus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nezih Yasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Savaş Ceylan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Li Y, Guan Q, Chen Y, Han H, Liu W, Nie Z. Transferrin receptor and ferritin-H are developmentally regulated in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:6-12. [PMID: 25206366 PMCID: PMC4107500 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential trophic element that is required for cell viability and differentiation, especially in oligodendrocytes, which consume relatively high rates of energy to produce myelin. Multiple iron metabolism proteins are expressed in the brain including transferrin receptor and ferritin-H. However, it is still unknown whether they are developmentally regulated in oligodendrocyte lineage cells for myelination. Here, using an in vitro cultured differentiation model of oligodendrocytes, we found that both transferrin receptor and ferritin-H are significantly upregulated during oligodendrocyte maturation, implying the essential role of iron in the development of oligodendrocytes. Additional different doses of Fe3+ in the cultured medium did not affect oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation or ferritin-H expression but decreased the expression of the transferrin receptor. These results indicate that upregulation of both transferrin receptor and ferritin-H contributes to maturation and myelination of oligodendrocyte precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Qiang Guan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Hongjie Han
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Wuchao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zhiyu Nie
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
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Lu K, Wang J, Hu B, Shi X, Zhou J, Tang Y, Peng Y. Brilliant blue G attenuates lipopolysaccharide-mediated microglial activation and inflammation. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:599-608. [PMID: 25206704 PMCID: PMC4145984 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have confirmed that oxidized adenosine triphosphate, a P2X7 receptor antagonist, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-mediated microglial activation and inflammatory expression following neuronal damage in rat brain. NaCl and temperature may affect the potency of oxidized adenosine triphosphate. Brilliant blue G is a derivative of a widely used food additive and has little toxicity. This study explored the effects of brilliant blue G, a selective P2X7 receptor antagonist, on microglial activation and inflammation. Results demonstrated that brilliant blue G inhibited the release of cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-6 in BV2 cells. Immunofluorescence displayed that brilliant blue G could suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation. This study used RNA interference to block P2X7 receptor expression and found that small interfering RNA also suppressed the release of cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-6 in BV2 cells. These results suggested that downregulation of the P2X7 receptor by brilliant blue G was involved in the inhibition of microglial activation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Lu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong province, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junyi Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical school of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
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Liang Z, Gao F, Wang F, Wang X, Song X, Liu K, Zhan RZ. Status epilepticus increases mature granule cells in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in rats. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:609-15. [PMID: 25206705 PMCID: PMC4145990 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus following seizure activity, especially status epilepticus, is associated with ectopic residence and aberrant integration of newborn granule cells. Hilar ectopic granule cells may be detrimental to the stability of dentate circuitry by means of their electrophysiological properties and synaptic connectivity. We hypothesized that status epilepticus also increases ectopic granule cells in the molecular layer. Status epilepticus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine. Immunostaining showed that many doublecortin-positive cells were present in the molecular layer and the hilus 7 days after the induction of status epilepticus. At least 10 weeks after status epilepticus, the estimated number of cells positive for both prospero homeobox protein 1 and neuron-specific nuclear protein in the hilus was significantly increased. A similar trend was also found in the molecular layer. These findings indicate that status epilepticus can increase the numbers of mature and ectopic newborn granule cells in the molecular layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Liang
- Institute of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Institute of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fajun Wang
- Institute of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Institute of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinyu Song
- Institute of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kejing Liu
- Institute of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ren-Zhi Zhan
- Institute of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Shi S, Yang W, Tu X, Chen C, Wang C. Ischemic preconditioning reduces ischemic brain injury by suppressing nuclear factor kappa B expression and neuronal apoptosis. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:633-8. [PMID: 25206708 PMCID: PMC4145988 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke induces a series of complex pathophysiological events including blood-brain barrier disruption, inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis. Previous studies demonstrate that ischemic preconditioning attenuates ischemic brain damage via inhibiting blood-brain barrier disruption and the inflammatory response. Rats underwent transient (15 minutes) occlusion of the bilateral common carotid artery with 48 hours of reperfusion, and were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. This study explored whether ischemic preconditioning could reduce ischemic brain injury and relevant molecular mechanisms by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. Results found that at 72 hours following cerebral ischemia, myeloperoxidase activity was enhanced, malondialdehyde levels increased, and neurological function was obviously damaged. Simultaneously, neuronal apoptosis increased, and nuclear factor-κB and cleaved caspase-3 expression was significantly increased in ischemic brain tissues. Ischemic preconditioning reduced the cerebral ischemia-induced inflammatory response, lipid peroxidation, and neurological function injury. In addition, ischemic preconditioning decreased nuclear factor-κB p65 and cleaved caspase-3 expression. These results suggested that ischemic preconditioning plays a protective effect against ischemic brain injury by suppressing the inflammatory response, reducing lipid peroxidation, and neuronal apoptosis via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB and cleaved caspase-3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsheng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiankun Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
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Wang G, Cheng X, Zhang X. Use of various CT imaging methods for diagnosis of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:655-61. [PMID: 25206711 PMCID: PMC4145983 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-four patients with cerebral infarction and 18 patients with transient ischemic attack were examined by multi-slice spiral CT scan, CT perfusion imaging, and CT angiography within 6 hours after onset. By CT perfusion imaging, 29 cases in the cerebral infarction group and 10 cases in the transient ischemic attack group presented with abnormal blood flow perfusion, which corresponded to the clinical symptoms. By CT angiography, various degrees of vascular stenosis could be detected in 41 patients, including 33 in the cerebral infarction group and eight in the transient ischemic attack group. The incidence of intracranial artery stenosis was higher than that of extracranial artery stenosis. The intracranial artery stenosis was located predominantly in the middle cerebral artery and carotid artery siphon, while the extracranial artery stenosis occurred mainly in the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and the opening of the vertebral artery. There were 34 cases (83%) with convict vascular stenosis and perfusion abnormalities, and five cases (45%) with perfusion abnormalities but without convict vascular stenosis. The incidence of cerebral infarction in patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores ≥ 5 points during onset was significantly higher than that in patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores < 5 points. These experimental findings indicate that the combined application of various CT imaging methods allows early diagnosis of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease, which can comprehensively analyze the pathogenesis and severity of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease at the morphological and functional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xue Cheng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xianglin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
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Gui Q, Yang Y, Ying S, Zhang M. Xueshuantong improves cerebral blood perfusion in elderly patients with lacunar infarction. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:792-801. [PMID: 25206726 PMCID: PMC4146085 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 64 patients with acute lacunar infarction were enrolled within 24 hours of onset. The patients received conventional therapy (antiplatelet drugs and hypolipidemic drugs) alone or conventional therapy plus 450 mg Xueshuantong once a day. The main ingredient of the Xueshuantong lyophilized powder used for injection was Panax notoginseng saponins. Assessments were made at admission and at discharge using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, the Activity of Daily Living and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Additionally, the relative cerebral blood flow, relative cerebral blood volume and relative mean transit time in the region of interest were calculated within 24 hours after the onset of lacunar infarction, using dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance perfusion imaging technology. Patients underwent a follow-up MRI scan after 4 weeks of treatment. There was an improvement in the Activity of Daily Living scores and a greater reduction in the scores on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in the treatment group than in the control group. However, the Mini-Mental State Examination scores showed no significant differences after 4 weeks of treatment. Compared with the control group, the relative cerebral blood flow at discharge had increased and showed a greater improvement in the treatment group. Furthermore, there was a reduction in the relative mean transit time at discharge and the value was lower in the treatment group than in the control group. The experimental findings indicate that Xueshuantong treatment improves neurological deficits in elderly patients with lacunar infarction, and the mechanism may be related to increased cerebral perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Gui
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yunmei Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shihong Ying
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
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Tan J, Shi J, Shi G, Liu Y, Liu X, Wang C, Chen D, Xing S, Shen L, Jia L, Ye X, He H, Li J. Changes in compressed neurons from dogs with acute and severe cauda equina constrictions following intrathecal injection of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-conjugated polymer nanoparticles. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:233-43. [PMID: 25206593 PMCID: PMC4107517 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study established a dog model of acute multiple cauda equina constriction by experimental constriction injury (48 hours) of the lumbosacral central processes in dorsal root ganglia neurons. The repair effect of intrathecal injection of brain-derived neurotrophic factor with 15 mg encapsulated biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles on this injury was then analyzed. Dorsal root ganglion cells (L7) of all experimental dogs were analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry at 1, 2 and 4 weeks following model induction. Intrathecal injection of brain-derived neurotrophic factor can relieve degeneration and inflammation, and elevate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in sensory neurons of compressed dorsal root ganglion. Simultaneously, intrathecal injection of brain-derived neurotrophic factor obviously improved neurological function in the dog model of acute multiple cauda equina constriction. Results verified that sustained intraspinal delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor encapsulated in biodegradable nanoparticles promoted the repair of histomorphology and function of neurons within the dorsal root ganglia in dogs with acute and severe cauda equina syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Tan
- Center of Trauma Repair and Reconstruction of Chinese PLA and Department of Orthopedics of the 98th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiangang Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Guodong Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Pathologic Laboratory of Chest Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Pathologic Laboratory of Chest Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- Center of Trauma Repair and Reconstruction of Chinese PLA and Department of Orthopedics of the 98th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dechun Chen
- Center of Trauma Repair and Reconstruction of Chinese PLA and Department of Orthopedics of the 98th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shunming Xing
- Center of Trauma Repair and Reconstruction of Chinese PLA and Department of Orthopedics of the 98th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lianbing Shen
- Center of Trauma Repair and Reconstruction of Chinese PLA and Department of Orthopedics of the 98th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lianshun Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiaojian Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Hailong He
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jiashun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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Liu Y, Zhou Y, Zhang C, Zhang F, Hou S, Zhong H, Huang H. Optimal time for subarachnoid transplantation of neural progenitor cells in the treatment of contusive spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:389-96. [PMID: 25206679 PMCID: PMC4146137 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the optimal neural progenitor cell transplantation time for spinal cord injury in rats via the subarachnoid space. Cultured neural progenitor cells from 14-day embryonic rats, constitutively expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein, or media alone, were injected into the subarachnoid space of adult rats at 1 hour (acute stage), 7 days (subacute stage) and 28 days (chronic stage) after contusive spinal cord injury. Results showed that grafted neural progenitor cells migrated and aggregated around the blood vessels of the injured region, and infiltrated the spinal cord parenchyma along the tissue spaces in the acute stage transplantation group. However, this was not observed in subacute and chronic stage transplantation groups. O4- and glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells, representing oligodendrocytes and astrocytes respectively, were detected in the core of the grafted cluster attached to the cauda equina pia surface in the chronic stage transplantation group 8 weeks after transplantation. Both acute and subacute stage transplantation groups were negative for O4 and glial fibrillary acidic protein cells. Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scale score comparisons indicated that rat hind limb locomotor activity showed better recovery after acute stage transplantation than after subacute and chronic transplantation. Our experimental findings suggest that the subarachnoid route could be useful for transplantation of neural progenitor cells at the acute stage of spinal cord injury. Although grafted cells survived only for a short time and did not differentiate into astrocytes or neurons, they were able to reach the parenchyma of the injured spinal cord and improve neurological function in rats. Transplantation efficacy was enhanced at the acute stage in comparison with subacute and chronic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Orthopedic Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of the General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Orthopedic Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of the General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- Orthopedic Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of the General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Shuxun Hou
- Orthopedic Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of the General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hongbin Zhong
- Orthopedic Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of the General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hongyun Huang
- Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy, Beijing 100144, China
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Abstract
We hypothesized that the P2X7 receptor may be the target of isoflurane, so we investigated the roles of the P2X7 receptor and inositol triphosphate receptor in calcium overload and neuronal apoptosis induced by isoflurane in cultured embryonic rat hippocampal neurons. Results showed that isoflurane induced widespread neuronal apoptosis and significantly increased cytoplasmic Ca2+. Blockade of P2X7 receptors or removal of extracellular Ca2+ combined with blockade of inositol triphosphate receptors completely inhibited apoptosis or increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ or blockade of inositol triphosphate receptor alone could partly inhibit these effects of isoflurane. Isoflurane could directly activate P2X7-gated channels and induce inward currents, but did not affect the expression of P2X7 receptor protein in neurons. These findings indicate that the mechanism by which isoflurane induced neuronal apoptosis in rat developing brain was mediated by intracellular calcium overload, which was caused by P2X7 receptor mediated calcium influx and inositol triphosphate receptor mediated calcium release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Cancer Institute/Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Tijun Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weitao Guo
- Department of Orthopedics Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong Province, China
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Wu X, Li Z, Liu X, Peng H, Huang Y, Luo G, Peng K. Major ozonated autohemotherapy promotes the recovery of upper limb motor function in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:461-8. [PMID: 25206688 PMCID: PMC4146136 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Major ozonated autohemotherapy is classically used in treating ischemic disorder of the lower limbs. In the present study, we performed major ozonated autohemotherapy treatment in patients with acute cerebral infarction, and assessed outcomes according to the U.S. National Institutes of Health Stroke Score, Modified Rankin Scale, and transcranial magnetic stimulation motor-evoked potential. Compared with the control group, the clinical total effective rate and the cortical potential rise rate of the upper limbs were significantly higher, the central motor conduction time of upper limb was significantly shorter, and the upper limb motor-evoked potential amplitude was significantly increased, in the ozone group. In the ozone group, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Score was positively correlated with the central motor conduction time and the motor-evoked potential amplitude of the upper limb. Central motor conduction time and motor-evoked potential amplitude of the upper limb may be effective indicators of motor-evoked potentials to assess upper limb motor function in cerebral infarct patients. Furthermore, major ozonated autohemotherapy may promote motor function recovery of the upper limb in patients with acute cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Wu
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhensheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haiyan Peng
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongjun Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gaoquan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kairun Peng
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
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Xu Q, Liu T, Chen S, Gao Y, Wang J, Qiao L, Liu J. Correlation between the cumulative analgesic effect of electroacupuncture intervention and synaptic plasticity of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons in rats with sciatica. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:218-25. [PMID: 25206591 PMCID: PMC4107526 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain was established by ligation of the sciatic nerve and a model of learning and memory impairment was established by ovariectomy to investigate the analgesic effect of repeated electroacupuncture stimulation at bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Yanglingquan (GB34). In addition, associated synaptic changes in neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus were examined. Results indicate that the thermal pain threshold (paw withdrawal latency) was significantly increased in rats subjected to 2-week electroacupuncture intervention compared with 2-day electroacupuncture, but the analgesic effect was weakened remarkably in ovariectomized rats with chronic constrictive injury. 2-week electroacupuncture intervention substantially reversed the chronic constrictive injury-induced increase in the synaptic cleft width and thinning of the postsynaptic density. These findings indicate that repeated electroacupuncture at bilateral Zusanli and Yanglingquan has a cumulative analgesic effect and can effectively relieve chronic neuropathic pain by remodeling the synaptic structure of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Xu
- Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571101, Hainan Province, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571101, Hainan Province, China
| | - Shuping Chen
- Institute of Acu-moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yonghui Gao
- Institute of Acu-moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Junying Wang
- Institute of Acu-moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lina Qiao
- Institute of Acu-moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Institute of Acu-moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Zhang L, Wang S, Lin J. Clinical and molecular research of neuroacanthocytosis. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:833-42. [PMID: 25206731 PMCID: PMC4146083 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroacanthocytosis is an autosomal recessive or dominant inherited disease characterized by widespread, non-specific nervous system symptoms, or spiculated "acanthocytic" red blood cells. The clinical manifestations typically involve chorea and dystonia, or a range of other movement disorders. Psychiatric and cognitive symptoms may also be present. The two core neuroacanthocytosis syndromes, in which acanthocytosis is atypical, are autosomal recessive chorea-acanthocytosis and X-linked McLeod syndrome. Acanthocytes are found in a smaller proportion of patients with Huntington's disease-like 2 and pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. Because the clinical manifestations are diverse and complicated, in this review we present features of inheritance, age of onset, neuroimaging and laboratory findings, as well as the spectrum of central and peripheral neurological abnormalities and extraneuronal involvement to help distinguish the four specific syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Suping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jianwen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
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Li M, Su W, Wang J, Pisani F, Frigeri A, Ma T. Detection of anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibodies in the sera of Chinese neuromyelitis optica patients. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:708-13. [PMID: 25206717 PMCID: PMC4146080 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we recruited 10 neuromyelitis optica patients, two multiple sclerosis patients and two myelitis patients. Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79) cells transfected with a human aquaporin-4-mCherry fusion protein gene were used to detect anti-aquaporin-4 antibody in neuromyelitis optica patient sera by immunofluorescence. Anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibody was stably detected by immunofluorescence in neuromyelitis optica patient sera exclusively. The sensitivity of the assay for neuromyelitis optica was 90% and the specificity for neuromyelitis optica was 100%. The anti-aquaporin-4 antibody titers in sera were tested with serial dilutions until the signal disappeared. A positive correlation was detected between Expanded Disability Status Scale scores and serum anti-aquaporin-4 antibody titers. The anti-aquaporin-4 antibody assay is highly sensitive and specific in the sera of Chinese neuromyelitis optica patients. Detection of aquaporin-4 autoantibody is important for the diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelitis optica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Membrane Channel Research Laboratory, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin Province, China ; Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Weiheng Su
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Francesco Pisani
- Department of General and Environmental Physiology and Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics (CEGBA), University of Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Frigeri
- Department of General and Environmental Physiology and Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics (CEGBA), University of Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Tonghui Ma
- Membrane Channel Research Laboratory, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin Province, China
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Wang C, Jiang C, Yuan H, Xiao C, Gao D. Role of calbindin-D28K in estrogen treatment for Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:702-7. [PMID: 25206716 PMCID: PMC4146078 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that estrogen has neuroprotective effects on the nigrostriatal system. The present study established a Parkinson's disease model in C57BL/6 mice by intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrapyridine. The mice were subjected to 17β estradiol injection into the lateral ventricle. Immunofluorescence double staining showed that estrogen increased tyrosine hydroxylase and calbindin-D28K expression and co-expression in dopaminergic neurons of midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta of model mice. Behavior experiments showed that estrogen improved swimming and hanging behaviors in this mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China ; Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China ; Department of Neurology, Funing County People's Hospital, Yancheng 224400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Honghua Yuan
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chenghua Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dianshuai Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China ; Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
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